Đa dạng hoá vốn đầu tư xây dựng nguồn điện việt nam

HHjfrjWJ DAI HOC KLUKH TE QUOC I>AA LU nguyEn HUTU son DA DANG HftA VON DAU TlfXAY DUNG NGUDN DIEN VIET NAM ChuyDn nganh: Kinh t§ chinh trj LUAN VAN THAC St KINH TE DAI HOC KTOD THONG TIN THU VIEN Ngitdi httdng dan khoa hoc: TS AN NHU HAI /In X&l - 2007 MUC LVC NHUNG TU* VIET TAT TRONG LUAN VAN DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, DO THI VA SO DO LUAN VAN TOM TAT i-xv MO DAU Chiroug 1: CO SCI LY LUAN VA TIIl/C TIEN VE DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU* XAY DUNG NGUON DIEN 1.1 VON DAU TU VA DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU* PHAT TRIEN NGUON DIEN 1.1.1 Von dau tur va dac diem cua no x 1.1.2 Da dang hoa von dau tur xay dung nguon dien 21 r \ 1.2 SU* CAN THIET PHAI DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU" XAY DtfNG NGUON DIEN VA NHUNG NHAN TO ANH HlTONG DEN VIEC THl/C HIEN HOA NLOC TA 25 • DA DANG • 1.2.1 Su can thiet phai da dang hoa von dau tu xay dung nguon dien nude ta 25 /■ z r \ 1.2.2 Nhung nhan to anh hudng den viec da dang hoa von dau tu xay dung nguon dien d nude ta 35 1.3 KINH NGHIEM CUA MQT SO NUClC VE DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU* XAY DUNG NGUON DIEN 41 1.3.1 Nhung bien phap da dang hoa huy dong von cho xay dung X nguon dien d cac nude 41 1.3.2 Mot so bai hoc kinh nghiem rut tu thuc tien cua cac nude 47 Chiroug 2: TIILC TRANG DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU* XAY DUNG NGUON DIEN VI ET NAM TU NAM 1996 DEN NAY 49 2.1 NHUNG CHU TRlTONG VA BIEN PHAP NHAM DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU” XAY DUNG NGUON DIEN 49 2.2 TINH HINH DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU XAY DVNG NGUON DIEN VIET NAM TU NAM 1996 DEN NAY 55 2.3 DANH GIA THI/C TRANG DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU XAY Dl/NG NGUON DIEN O VIET NAM THCH GIAN QUA 63 2.3.1 Thanh tuu dat dugc 63 2.3.2 Han che va nguyen nhan 70 Chiro’ng 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP NHAM DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU XAY DI/NG NGUON DIEN VIET NAM 80 3.1 PHUONG HUONG DA DANG HOA HUY DQNG VON DAU TU XAY DI/NG NGUON DIEN VIET NAM 80 A A 3.1.1 Du bao tang truong dau tu phat trien nguon dien d Viet Nam den nam 2015 va trien vong nam 2025 80 r y a 3.1.2 Phuong huong da dang hoa von dau tu xay dung nguon dien Viet nam 90 3.2 CAC GIAI PHAP NHAm THUC DAY DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU XAY DVNG NGUON DIEN VIET NAM TRONG THCH GIAN TCH 92 3.2.1 Cac giai phap ve ca che, chinh sach 93 A < A 3.2.2 Giai phap ve to chuc thuc hien viec da dang hoa von dau tu phat trien nguon dien 95 3.2.3 Giai phap ve phat trien nguon nhan luc nganh dien 101 KETLUAN 103 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 105 N H UNG TU- VIET TAT TRONG LU AN VAN IMF: Quy tien te Quoc te ADB: Ngan hang dau tu phat trien chau A ODA: Vien tro phat trien WB: Ngan hang the gidi ECA: Tin dung xuat khau GDP: Tong san pham nuoc NSNN: Ngan sach nha nuoc DNNN: Doanh nghiep nha nuoc TNHH: Trach nhiem huu han EVN: Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam CNXH: Chu nghia xa hoi CNH,HDH: Cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa •> a r r DANH MUC BANG, BIEU,d6 THI VA SO DO Mau TT ,.A Ten noi dung bang bieu A Trang bieu so Bang 1.1 Trien vong nguon dien co the khai thac tu cac song chinh cua Viet nam 2001 - 2010 Bang 2.1 31 Tong hop nguon von dau tu phat trien dien giai doan 1996-2001 56 59 Bang 2.2 Mot so nguon von vay nuoc ngoai den nam 2002 cho •> A phat trien nguon dien Bang 2.3 Tong nguon von dau tu phat trien dien cua EVN 62 (2004 - 2007) 7 Hinh Co cau cong suat va dien nang nam 2004 Bang 2.4 Cong suat phat cua he thong dien Viet nam giai doan 69 1996-2004 69 82 Bang 3.1 Nhu cau dau tu cua EVN 2008 - 2010 Bang 3.2 Ke hoach dau tu xay dung nam 2007 - Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam 86 Bang 3.3 Binh quan dau tu thuan hang nam toan nganh dien 87 10 Bang 3.4 Co cau von dau tu phat trien nguon dien den nam 2025 87 mrfdw DAI HOC KIKH TE QUOC dAa ft* £3 nguyIn hQu son DA DANG HOA VON DAU TlTXAY DUNG NGUON DIEN VIET NAM ■ ■ Chuyen nganh: Kinh t§ chinh tri TOM tAt LUAN VAN THAC Sf ■ ■ Ha NAi - 2007 i Vl() DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Nang lupng la nganh then chot cua nen kinh te co tac dong manh me toi san xuat va doi song xa hoi, dien la mot nguon nang luong chu yeu x a khong chi trubc mat, ma nhieu nam toi b nuoc ta Theo du bao, vong nam (2006-2010) cong suat cua he thong dien nuoc ta phai dupe tang gap doi; giai doan 2011-1015 nhu cau dien van tiep tuc tang cao b muc 11%/nam De dap ung nhu cau dien nang tang cao, mot mat chung ta phai da dang hoa nguon nang lupng san xuat dien, mat khac phai da dang hoa x x a a r x a de mb rong nguon von dau tu phat trien Von dau tu can dupe huy dong tu tat XX A e ca cac nguon, dong thbi, phai tien hanh mot chuong trinh cai each Ion nganh r x r dien nham thiet lap mot cau true quan ly moi, dam bao co mot thi trubng dien canh tranh Day la nhung thach thuc buc xue, gay gat nhat doi vbi nganh dien, X A can co giai phap toi uu de thao go A X A X X De gop phan vao viec giai quyet van de buc xue nay, toi chon de tai: “Da dang hoa von dau tu* xay dung nguon dien Viet Nam” de nghien cuu A A lam luan van thac sy kinh te, chuyen nganh Kinh te chinh tri Tinh hinh nghien cuu A X X Den nay, da co nhung cong trinh nghien cuu ve nguon dien va phat trien X A nguon dien b Viet Nam nhu du bao phat trien, chien lupc va du an phat trien nguon dien Tuy nhien, viec nghien cuu da dang hoa von dau tu xay dung nguon dien dubi goc kinh te chinh tri van la mot van de moi, chua dupe A cong bo b mot cong trinh khoa hoc nao Muc tieu va nhiem vu nghien cuu: - Muc tieu: Lam ro co sb ly luan va thuc tien, danh gia thuc trang va de xuat giai • x A9 AX phap nham hoan thien co che thuc day da dang hoa von dau tu cho phat trien X _ nguon dien Viet Nam ii - Nhiem • vu: • Khao sat va danh gia thuc trang viec thuc hien da dang hoa hinh thuc huy dong von xay dung nguon dien Viet Nam; de xuat phuong hudng va giai phap r nham hoan thien co che va tao dong luc cho viec thuc hien d nude ta thdi gian tdi Doi tuong va pham vi nghien ciru y r r s •> - Doi tuemg nghien cim: Hoat dong dau tu von cho phat trien nguon r dien dudi goc kinh te chinh tri hoc 5 - Pham vi nghien ciru: ve khong gian: tren lanh tho Viet Nam; va ve thdi gian: tu nam 1996 den Phuong phap nghien ciru De tai dugc nghien cuu tren co so nhung nguyen ly cua chu nghTa Mac e r r moi cua Dang va cac phuong phap rieng cua kinh te chinh tri nhu he thong hoa ^ r 57 r - De xuat phuong hudng va giai phap nham thuc day da dang hoa von _ dau tu phat trien nguon dien Viet Nam thdi gian tdi Ket cau cua de tai luan van e 5 r Ngoai phan md dau, ket luan, phu luc va danh muc 45 tai lieu tham khao, luan van dugc ket cau chuong iii Chuang CO SO LY LUAN VA THlTC TIEN VE DA DANG HOA • • • VON DAU TV XAY DUNG NGUON DIEN • • 1.1 VON DAU TU*VA DA DANG HOA VON DAU TU PHAT TRIEN NGUON DIEN • • A A X 1.1.1 Von dau tir va dac diem cua no 1.1.1.1 Von dau tu x r r x r x Von dau tu la nguon lire quan doi vdi dau tu va tang trudng kinh te r san xuat kinh doanh r r x 959 Von dau tu thuemg gan voi qua trinh phat trien goi la dau tu phat trien r x •> r No co tac dong to Ion nen kinh te quoc dan, thuc day qua trinh tai san r xuat xa hoi, tao viec lam va thu hut lao dong f r \ a 1.1.1.2 Dac diem cua von dau tu xay dung nguon dien r x x r x Von dau tu xay dung nguon dien la mot bo phan cua von dau tu phat trien kinh te - xa hoi mot nude,bo phan von dau tu xay dung co ban cua x r r •> r x nen kinh te quoc dan Bbi vay, ngoai nhung dac diem chung cua von dau tu, no co nhung net rieng biet - Dac diem chung cua von dau tu: + Nd dai dien cho mot luqng gia tri tai san + Von phai van dong sinh ldi + Ve mat luqng, von phai dupe tich tu, tap trung den mot luqng du ldn mdi cd the phat huy duqc tac dung r r r + Von bao gid cung gan vdi chu sd huu nhat dinh Z quyen su dung von diem khac la khac iv F X X - Dae diem cua von dau tic xay dicng nguon dien: e f f e Do viec san xuat dien nang co nhung net rieng biet so vdi viec san xuat cac loai san pham khac, nen von dau tu xay dung nguon dien co nhung net e x f rieng Do la: r z r a a a + San xuat dien nang la mot nganh thuoc ket cau tang, can nguon x f x •> f f von dau tu rat Ion, thdi gian trien khai cac du an nguon dien tuong doi dai, tac dong den van de kinh te, xa hoi cua nhieu dia phuong Cac du an dien thubng co rui ro tiem an r r ' 5 ' r + Do san xuat dien thuoc nganh ket cau tang, nen nguon von dau tu phai dupe huy dong va viec dau tu phai di trudc mot budc, vdi mot lupng von ldn x r r x + Von dau tu phat trien nguon dien thudng rat da dang # A A A A + Viec dau tu xay dung nguon dien phai dong bo vdi dau tu xay dung ludi dien moi phat huy dupe hieu qua + Von dau tu phat trien nguon dien cd lien quan den su phat trien cua nhieu nganh kinh te khac va ngupc lai 1.1.2 Da dang hoa von dau tu- xay dung nguon dien f a f x f x r Trong nen kinh te quoc dan, xet den cung thi moi nguon von deu cd F A F F F nguon goc tu tiet kiem - tiet kiem cua cac tac nhan kinh te Can cu vao quan he r A A so huu, thi von dau tu xay dung nguon dien dupe huy dong tu cac chu the sau: F A - Nguon von tu ngan sach Nha nude f a a - Nguon von dau tu tu doanh nghiep F - Tiet kiem cua dan cu X F •> Cac nguon von tren cd the dupe huy dong tu nude hoac thu hut tir f ben ngoai, dudi cac hinh thuc FDI, vay thuong mai, phat hanh trai phieu thi F f truong quoc te F F X A Neu xem xet dudi goc so huu, von dau tu xay dung nguon dien d nude ta hien cd the dupe huy dong tir chu the thuoc cac phan kinh te bao gom kinh te nha nude, kinh te tap the, kinh te tu nhan, kinh te tu ban F F X nha nude va kinh te cd von dau tu nude ngoai 94 _ 7 -, + Co chinh sach de tinh toan xay dung phuong an nhap khau dien cua x cac nuoc Lao, Campuchia va Trung Quoc hop ly + Co co che de Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam thuc hien vai tro chu dao X X X r dam bao dau tu phat trien nguon dap ung nhu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nuoc, phu hop voi nang luc tai chinh va kha nang tra no cua Tap doan, dam bao can bang tai chinh dai han + Cong bo cong khai danh muc cac du an dau tu khuyen khich cac phan kinh te va ngoai nudc tham gia dau tu vao linh vuc phat dien va XXX phan phoi dien, dac biet la phan kinh te ngoai quoc doanh tren co sd thu X X hut vdn tu thi trudng cho dau tu + Xay dung co che dau tu phu hop theo hudng cai each cac thu tuc hanh chinh, giai quyet nhanh van de den bu, giai phong mat bang de day nhanh tien X cac cong trinh dau tu dien luc + Ban hanh chinh sach dau tu cho viec chuan bi tiep thu cong nghe dien hat nhan vao khoang sau nam 2015, vdi su tham gia cua ca khu vuc tu nhan a nudc ngoai, ke ca viec xem xet kha nang lam dien nguyen tu tren co sd BOT/BT r r + Khuyen khich khu vuc dan doanh xay dung va khai thac he thong dien a a r d vung sau, vung xa, vung nong thon chua cd ludi dien quoc gia XX X + Cho phep cac phan kinh te kinh doanh ludi dien phan phoi ke ca d thi va nong thon, tham gia vao cac hoat dong xay dung dien, cac dich vu dien khac + Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep, nhat la cac doanh nghiep FDI xay tu 100% vdn nudc ngoai, lien doanh, BOT, BT, BOO, san xuat dien doc lap X XX (IPP), tren nguyen tac Nha nudc nam quyen chu dong tren he thong dien 95 3.2.2 Giai phap ve to chirc thyc hien viec da dang hoa von dau tir phat trien nguon dien _ A A - Tang cudng cong tac lap va trien khai dir an dau tu phat trien nguon dien Dua vao trien khai mot so cong trinh dau tu theo hinh thuc xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao (BOT), lien doanh hoac BTO de thu hut them nguon von dau tu, dong thdi tang kha nang tra no cho Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam - Xay dung cac bien phap huy dong von xa hoi, dan de dau tu phat trien dien nhu quang cao, du bao trien vong phat trien nganh dien, ap dung nhieu hinh thuc huy dong von ke ca phat hanh trai phieu dien luc, ban co phan cho cac nha dau tu Nghien cuu de tham gia thi trudng chung khoan, phat hanh trai phieu va ngoai nudc nham thu hut dau tu cac cong trinh A phat trien nguon dien - Co bien phap nham tang cudng quan he vdi cac ngan hang va cac to chuc tai chinh quoc te de vay von dau tu, uu tien vay cac nguon von ODA co lai suat thap, thdi gian tra nor dai Nen quy dinh ODA chi giao cho Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam, sau mdi den cac ngan hang thuong mai vdi phuong cham cac ngan hang nudc khong dap ung duoc thi vay cac ngan hang thuong mai nudc ngoai - Cd bien phap thi trudng hoa gia dien theo lo trinh da duoc duyet va nghien cuu dieu chinh bieu gia dien theo hudng giam bu cheo qua ldn giua cac nhom khach hang Phai dam bao gia dien duoc xac dinh tren co sd chi phi bien dai han va tuan thu khung gia dien Chinh phu quy dinh Dong thdi khong ngung cai tien co cau gia dien cd phan biet theo quy mo su dung, muc r 7 dich su dung, thdi diem su dung ngay, gia uu dai cho gid thap diem, gia theo mua, theo vung nhung phai dam bao don gian va cd tinh kha thi theo r •> \ r tung giai doan Nha nudc thong qua cong cu tai chinh (thue) de dieu tiet gia ca nham dam bao loi ich cua ngudi san xuat va ngudi tieu thu dien; 96 Viec ap dung cac bien phap tang gia ban dien se tao ccr hoi cho nganh dien huy dong von dau tu de dang hon Ben canh do, gia dien tang se thuc r z day cac doi tuong su dung phai coi viec dien tiet kiem dien 9 r Nha nude nen xem xet de giam thue gia tri gia tang cho san pham dien tu r 10% xuong 5% de giam sue ep tang gia dien - Uu tien bo tri von tin dung uu dai tu quy ho tro phat trien, von ODA va cac nguon vay song phuong cua nudc ngoai cho Tap doan Dien luc Viet nam 9 r de thuc hien dau tu cac cong trinh dien diem Quoc gia 9 5 Hien nay, de thuc hien da dang hoa hinh thuc dau tu phat trien nguon dien, EVN da de nghi giai doan 2006 - 2015 Nha nudc chi nen dau tu 24 nha may vdi tong cong suat 9.889 MW, tham gia gop von va chiem co yr 15.362 MW thi tao dieu kien cho cac phan kinh te khac, tuc la cac nha dau tu ben ngoai thuc hien theo cac hinh thuc quy dinh Luat Dau tu r 5 e < Hudng huy dong von dau tu, ngoai nguon ODA va vay thuong mai, chu yeu luc Viet Nam tai cac cong ty ? 5 - Giai phap tiep theo la cac nha may dien da duoc co phan hoa can khuyen khich va tao dieu kien niem yet co phieu tren thi trudng chung khoan Dong thdi day nhanh tien co phan hoa cac nha may dien khac, thuc hien theo dung ke hoach den nam 2010 thi trudng chung khoan phai la mot kenh rat quan de huy dong von xa hoi cho dau tu md rong nang luc san xuat cua cac nha may dien r _ - Chinh phu can manh dan cho phat hanh trai phieu cong trinh cua mot Z r so du an dien cu the, vdi lai suat canh tranh tren thi trudng tien te de huy dong 97 von Day manh viec phat hanh trai phieu nuoc va quoc te thong qua viec r \ y r soat nhu cau thuc te cua cac doanh nghiep lon (nhdm nganh chien luge can dau tu manh me) de huong dan thu tuc phat hanh trai phieu quoc te; xem xet rr z phat hanh trai phieu dai han nuoc 10 nam, voi lai suat va khoi luong \ r r y phu hop nham thu hut vdn dan va dan tao lap thuoc lai suat chuan r cho thi trudng vdn nudc _ r y - Cac Ngan hang thuong mai can mo rong cho vay hop vdn cac du an r y ldn cua nganh dien; dong thdi chu tai tro vdn cho cac du an dien cd quy r y mo nho va trung binh cua moi phan kinh te Ddi vdi cong dong doanh nghiep tham gia dau tu vao cac cong trinh dien, ben canh viec su dung vdn tu cd, vdn vay ngan hang, can xac dinh cac phuong thuc thu hut vdn va ngoai nudc mot each phu hop Cu the: cac doanh nghiep nen ap dung hinh thuc huy dong vdn thong qua phat hanh trai phieu cong ty; doanh nghiep cd phan cd the lira chon kha nang phat hanh them cd phieu va niem yet tren thi trudng chung khoan nudc ' ' ' a ' -a ' Doi vdi cac doanh nghiep ldn cd nhu cau vay vdn nudc ngoai, can chap nhan kiem toan quoc te, thuc hien xep hang tin nhiem doanh nghiep de giup phat hanh trai phieu doanh nghiep tren thi trudng quoc te; xac dinh Chien luge kinh doanh nam, 10 nam cua doanh nghiep; chu dong nang cao tinh minh bach ve tai chinh, cd dinh hudng kinh doanh rd net de thu hut nguon vdn dau tu gian tiep tir nudc ngoai (FII), tir cac quy dau tu doanh nghiep - Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam la tru cot to chuc da dang hoa dau tu phat trien nguon dien, phai cd tinh chu dong cao viec thuc hien cac 98 phuong thuc huy dong mdi tren co sd bao dam chi phi hop ly Viec huy dong von bang phat hanh trai phieu quoc te la can thiet va phu hop giai doan Viec phat hanh trai phieu noi chung va trai phieu quoc te noi rieng cd y z z nghia quan doi vdi EVN viec huy dong von giai doan 2006-2010 Bdi day la kenh huy dong von on dinh, linh hoat, chu dong va hieu qua, co the huy dong true tiep tir thi trudng quoc te mot khdi luong von ldn, vdi chi phi z thap hon vay thuong mai, vay ECA Cu the la bang viec lap mot cong ty tai chinh Nguon tin tir EVN cho biet, hien phuong an lap Cong ty TNHH Nha nudc mot vien Tai chinh Dien luc da duoc xay dung va dang trinh Thu tuong Chinh phu phe duyet Cong ty duoc xay dung vdi nhiem vu tu van cho Tap doan viec quan ly cac nguon von, huy dong cac nguon von nhan roi tren co so tinh A A A toan hop ly chu ky luan chuyen cua dong tien va nhu cau sir dung cac quy, chu dong tiep can cac nguon von ca uu dai va thuong mai tir va ngoai nudc de dap ung nhu cau dau tu Cong ty Tai chinh se la dau mdi tiep xue, thu Z AZ thap thong tin va xay dung cac phuong an huy dong von tir cac nguon von tiem tang cua xa hoi, dac biet cac nguon von dau tu gian tiep thong qua thi trudng von no va ngoai nudc Ben canh do, Cong ty Tai chinh se chia se va chu dong tien hanh cac cong tac bao hiem, du phong, phan tan rui ro tai chinh, quan ly, bao toan va phat trien von cua tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam Dong thdi, tao dieu kien cho EVN co kha nang chu dong viec su Z AZ A A Z dung nguon von dac biet huy dong von tir cac nguon truyen thong dang Z A rat kho khan, bang cac bien phap sau: 7 A Mot la, day manh hon nua viec cd phan hoa doanh nghiep nha nudc bao gom lap cac cong ty cd phan de quan ly dau tu cac nha may dien dang xay dung nham thu hut von tren thi trudng cho dau tu Tap trung vao nhiem 99 A manh cong tac co phan hoa DNNN thoi gian vua qua khong nhung chi nang cao hieu qua hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep, ma da thuc su tao kha nang huy dong von tot hem cho cac du an phat trien co sd tang, co nganh dien Tim hieu, tiep can va gidi thieu voi cac nha dau tu va ngoai nuoc co kha nang, quan tam tdi viec dau tu mua co phieu nganh dien, nhat la mot r r r r r so ddi tuong nhu cac nha cung cap vat tu, thiet bi, phu tung thay the, nguyen, nhien vat lieu, cac to chuc dau tu tai chinh nhu bao hiem, quy, cong ty tai chinh cua cac tong cong ty, cac cong ty chung khoan, ngan hang / r Ket hop vdi cac cong ty chung khoan to chuc nhung buoi thuyet trinh rong rai ve viec mua cd phan va co hoi dau tu vao nganh dien tai mot sd ldn nudc va nudc ngoai, nhu Singapore, Hong Kong Hai la, ban het hoac giu cd phan thieu sd d cac don vi Nha nudc khong can nam giu cd phan chi phoi de tap trung von dau tu vao cac cong ty, cac cong trinh diem cua Tap doan Ba la, ho tro nha dau tu d nhung noi it tiem nang sinh loi nhuan va it nha dau tu quan tam Cd chinh sach ho tro cac phan kinh te tham gia kinh r doanh dien nong thon va mien nui thong qua chinh sach gia va thue a Bon la, cd bien phap khuyen khich dau tu true tiep ket hop vdi dau tu < A < gian tiep thong qua cd phan hoa doanh nghiep va thi trudng von nhu chung khoan, trai phieu Nam la, Nha nudc phai quan ly thong nhat quy hoach va tieu chuan Thu hai la phai day manh va nang cao chat luong cong tac quy hoach (tong the va 100 chi tiet) dam bao tinh kha thi va tinh thuc tien To chuc thi tuyen cong khai de chon nha dau tu d nhung noi co tiem nang sinh lcri nhuan va co nhieu nha dau tu quan tarn - Tiep tuc doi mdi va hoan thien phuong thuc to chuc hop tac quoc te de thu hut vdn tu ben ngoai cho phat trien nguon dien Nhung bien phap cu the 7 a la: md rong trao doi hop tac phat trien dien luc, bao gom ca hop tac cac linh vuc nghien cuu khoa hoc, dao tao can bo, xay dung ludi dien 7 A lien ket vdi cac nudc khu vuc va the gidi (trudc mat la Lao) Can sdm hoan chinh phuong an va bien phap nhap dien tu Lao, Campuchia va phia nam Trung Quoc la cac vung cd tiem nang thuy dien to ldn, nhat la Trung Quoc dang cd ke hoach phat trien nhieu nha may thuy dien d thuong nguon MeKong (cd the thuong luqng true tiep hoac thong qua hqp tac tieu vung 7 A MeKong md rong GMS) Nhap khau thuy dien vua lam giam cang thang ve dau tu vua cd y nghia canh tranh vdi cac nudc khac vung ve trao ddi nang luqng - Huy dong vdn tu nhan vao phat trien nguon dien Day la mot giai phap A 7 co y nghia quan de huy dong cac nguon vdn tiet kiem nhan dan va A A 7 cac doanh nghiep, nha dau tu tu nhan Be huy dong cac nguon vdn cd cac bien phap nhu phat hanh trai phieu, cd phieu, huy dong theo hinh thuc dau tu doc lap Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam, cac cong ty dau tu xay dung nguon dien doc lap can phat hanh trai phieu va ngoai nudc de khai thac true tiep nguon vdn nhan roi tu cac to chuc va tu rong rai nhan dan Di lien vdi vien phap la phat hanh cd phieu theo hudng cac nha may dien Nha 7A A7 7A 7 nudc khong can nam giu cd phan chi phoi thi thuc hien cd phan hoa, vdn nha 7 A 7 nudc tai cac nha may se duqc ban het hoac chi giu lai cd phan tdi thieu, 7 A A de cac ca nhan va to chuc tham gia vao dau tu, quan ly nguon dien 101 X A Viec huy dong theo hinh thuc dau tu doc lap cung can duoc coi Hien nay, cac nha may dang chuan bi dau tu xay dung co the phat trien nguon von dau tu bang each vay tien cua tap the, ca nhan theo thoa thuan hoac cam r r \ r t •> ket, nha may di vao hoat dong so tien vay se chuyen co phieu uu dai Cac phan kinh te khac, ke ca ca nhan duoc huy dong tham gia vao cac du an dau tu nguon dien doc lap, voi cac hinh thuc dau tu BOT, BTO, va sau nha may di vao hoat dong thi se ban dien cho nganh dien 3.2.3 Giai phap ve phat trien nguon nhan luc nganh dien Z X Doi ngu nhan luc va bo may to chuc phat trien nguon dien co vai trd rat X X quan trong viec thuc day da dang hoa dau tu xay dung nguon dien X Thong qua doi ngu va bo may ma cac du an phat trien nguon dien duoc lap va dua vao trien khai thuc hien; cac phuong thuc thuc hien da dang hoa von dau tu duoc hinh va to chuc thuc te Toc va chat luong phat trien nguon dien phu thuoc rat ldn, neu khong noi la quyet dinh d doi ngu va bo may _ X Chinh vi vay, nhung nam tdi, nganh dien can phai: X X X - Cd quy hoach cu the ve phat trien nguon nhan luc tren co sd nhu cau Z X 9 X phat trien nguon dien va bao dam su can ddi vdi phat trien nguon nhan luc Z Z cho phat trien he thong luoi dien va nhung linh vuc khac cua nganh Phoi hop vdi tu van nudc ngoai de lap quy hoach tong the ve dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan luc Tu do, cd bien phap thu hut nhan luc va to chuc dao tao - Coi viec dao tao nudc va ngoai nudc theo hudng dam bao z z tinh thiet thuc va hien dai Xay dung chuong trinh, noi dung dao tao thong nhdt cho giang day d cac bac cao dang, trung hoc chuyen nghiep va lien thong trung hoc chuyen nghiep vdi cao dang thuoc khdi trudng dao tao Phat trien nguon nhan luc chat luong cao cho phat trien nganh dien noi chung, nguon dien noi rieng thong qua md rong hinh thuc dao tao dai hoc va tren dai hoc thuoc chuyen nganh 102 •> r r - Kien toan bo may to chuc quan ly; tien hanh viec xep hang doanh nghiep san xuat dien nang, qua danh gia nang luc doi ngu can bo quan ly •> Z X va nhan luc cua doanh nghiep, nhan rong dien dien hinh tien tien ve nhan luc nganh dien - Viec tre hoa doi ngu can bo cor quan quan ly nganh dien, ket hop cac the he lao dong bo may quan ly la can thiet nham boi duong, nang cao nang luc quan ly, chi dao, to chuc phat trien nganh dien Tom lai, tu ddn nam 2025, ngudn dien Viet Nam phai duoc san xuat tang truong trung binh 14-15%/nam va phai co nguon von dap ung trung binh la 63.100 ty dong/nam (tuong duong 3,99 ty USD/nam) De dap ung nguon rtf r von ldn nhu vay, chung ta phai tiep tuc doi mdi de hoan thien co che chinh r z X sach va tang cuong cac bien phap da dang hoa von dau tu thu hut ngudn luc va ngoai nudc Mot dieu kien het sue quan de thuc hien co hieu A X ' X qua viec da dang hoa dau tu ngudn dien la phai nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan luc va kien toan bo may to chuc quan ly nganh dien 103 KET LUAN x z Dap ung nhu cau dien dang tang nhanh la thach thuc quan nhat cua nganh dien Nhung nganh quan nhat thuc day tang trudng kinh te quoc dan cua nudc ta, dac biet la cong nghiep san xuat, thuong mai va dich vu, phu thuoc rat ldn vao viec cung cap dien Chat luong dien dong vai tro quan trong, bao dam nganh cong nghiep nhe tri duoc sue canh tranh r r vdi cac nudc khu vuc Dien da trd mong udc, yeu to co ban cua z z r \ x r t z ddi song cua rat nhieu ngudi va la mot phan tat yeu de nang cao chat luqng z cuoc song The nhung, nhung nam gan day nudc ta van xay tinh trang thieu hut dien Nhung luc cao diem, muc dien thieu hut len tdi 800 - 1300 MW Nguyen nhan cua su thieu hut la viec san xuat dien nang cua chung ta viec tieu thu dien X Z De thuc hien cac giai phap tren, viec tang nhanh nguon vdn huy dong xa hoi va thu hut vdn dau tu nudc ngoai trd mot ddi hoi buc xuc X X Z X De dap ung ddi hoi nay, can da dang hoa vdn dau tu xay dung nguon dien, X x z tang nhanh dau tu cua ngudi lao dong nganh dien va nguon vdn cua cac X y nha dau tu tu ben ngoai nganh dien vao tao nguon dien r y Tren cor sd phan tich ly luan va thuc tien vai trd cua da dang hoa vdn dau X Z tu phat trien nguon dien, danh gia thuc trang huy dong vdn theo phuong 104 thuc nay, chi tuu, han che va nguyen nhan cua nhung han che cua no, luan van de xuat can phai co chuong trinh phat trien nguon dien va du bao khoang 2/3 von dau tu cho md rong he thong dien phai danh cho phat trien nguon dien Phai thuc day da dang hoa von dau tu tren cor so chinh sach phat X r A X X X trien lau dai nen kinh te nhieu phan voi nhieu hinh thuc so huu ve tu lieu san xuat Da dang hoa von dau tu co the duoc thuc hien thong qua he r r thong tin dung, ngan hang, thong qua gop von xay dung cac nha may dien doc lap, co phan hoa cac nha may dien hien co cua nganh dien, lien doanh giua r r •> r EVN vdi cac doi tac khac d nudc va quoc te, trien khai cac du an hoan F toan cac ben nudc ngoai sd huu, cd the la von Nha nudc hoac tu nhan, dua z thi trudng chung khoan nhung doanh nghiep san xuat dien A r x Nhung giai phap nham thuc day qua trinh da dang hoa von dau tu xay A A r dung ngudn dien can duoc ap dung la hoan thien khung kho phap ly, khuyen khich cac nha dau tu thuoc cac phan kinh te dua von vao phat trien ngudn dien, tiep tuc hoan thien chinh sach tai chinh, tien te, phat trien cac loai 7 thi trudng chu viec phat trien thi trudng chung khoan de tao kenh huy dong von xa hoi linh hoat hon Tiep tuc doi mdi va hoan thien chinh sach hop tac quoc te de thu hut von tu ben ngoai cho phat trien ngudn dien De thuc hien cac noi dung tren, can coi vai trd cua Nha nudc va nang cao chat luong ngudn nhan luc cho su phat trien ngudn dien Mac du da cd nhieu cd gang nghien cuu va viet luan van, nhung r r nang luc va thdi gian cd han, nen khong the tranh khoi nhung han che,thieu sot Hoc vienchaan cam on nhung gop y cua cac nha khoa hoc va cua nhung quan tam den van de nay, xin cam on TS An Nhu Hai - thay giao hudng dan khoa hoc da tan tinh giup tdi qua trinh hoc tap d Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan va viet hoan luan van tot nghiep 105 DANH MVC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Bo Cong nghiep (2006) - Quyet dinh 30 Quan ly du an dien doc lap [2] Bo Xay dung (2000) - Quy che Quan ly chat luong cong trinh xay dung [3] Bo Xay dung (2005) - Thong tu so 12/2005/TT - BXD [4] , Bo Xay dung (2006) - Chi thi so 06/2006/CT - BXD [5] Bo Xay dung (2006) - Thong tu so 04/2005/TT - BXD 1/4/2005 hudng dan viec lap va quan ly chi phi du an dau tu xay dung cong trinh NXB Tai chinh Ha noi [6] Bo Tai chinh (2000) - Hudng dan quyet toan von dau tu [7] Cac Mac - Ang Gen (1980), Tuyen tap - NXB Su that Ha noi [8] Cac Mac (1973), Ban tu quyen - NXB Su that Ha noi [9] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2004) - Quyet dinh so 176/2004/QD - TTg Ngay 05/10/2004 phe duyet Chidn lucre phat tridn nganh dien Viet Nam giai doan 2004 - 2010 [10] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2005) - Chi thi so 19/2005/CT - TTg, 02/6/2005 ve thuc hien tiet kiem su dung dien [11] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2005) - Nghi dinh so 16/2005/ND - CP ve Quan ly dau tu [12] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2005) - Nghi dinh so 105/2005/ND - CP ve hudng dan thi hanh mot so dieu cua luat Dien luc [13] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2005) - Nghi dinh so 106/2005/ND - CP Quy dinh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh mot so dieu cua luat Dien luc ve bao ve an toan cong trinh ludi dien cao ap [14] , Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2006) - Quyet dinh so 79/2005/QD - TTg, 14/4/2006 ve phe duyet chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia su dung nang luong tiet kiem va hieu qua 106 [15] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2006) - Nghi dinh so 108/2006/ND - CP [16] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2006) - Nghi dinh so 112/2006/ND - CP ve Quan ly dau tu xay dung [17] Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2007) - Quy hoach phat trien dien luc Quoc Gia giai doan 2006 - 2015 co xet den trien vong 2025(goi tit la Quy hoach dien VI) 18/7/2007 Thu tudng Chinh phu [18] Chuong trinh nghien cuu Khoa hoc cap Nha nudc 1997 - 1999: “Chien A luoc va chinh sach phat trien nang luong ben vung” [19] - Dang Cong San Viet Nam (1987) - Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VI, NXB Su that Ha Noi [20] Dang Cong San Viet Nam (1991) - Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VII, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha noi [21]- Dang Cong San Viet Nam (1996) - Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VIII, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha noi [22] Dang Cong San Viet Nam (2001) - Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu IX, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha noi [23] Dang Cong San Viet Nam (2006) - Van kien Dai hoi Dang X - NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha noi [24] Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan (1996) - Lap va quan ly du an dau tu [25] Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan (1996) - Lich su cac hoc thuyet Kinh te NXB Thong ke Ha noi [26] Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan (1996) -Kinh te Chinh tri hoc tap - NXB Giao due nam 1996 [27], tun va kinh nghiem NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Noi 107 [28] Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha noi (2005) Viet Nam - Nhung thach thuc tien trinh Hoi nhap kinh te Quoc te, NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha noi [29] Ngan hang the gidi(WB), 1996: Chien lune phat trien nganh dien: Quan ly tang trudng va cai each [30] Ngan hang the gioi(WB), 1997: “ Dam bao nang luong cho su phat trien cua Viet Nam” [31] PGS Vu Duy Hao - Dam Van Hue, Thac sy Nguyen Quang Ninh, Quan tri Tai chinh Doanh nghiep, NXB Thong ke Ha Noi - 1998 [32] PTS Luu Thi Huong, PTS Luu Due Lam, PTS Vu Duy Hao, Th.s Nguyen Van Dinh, Th.s Pham Quang Trung, Th.s Tran Dang Kham, GV Dam Van Hue, Giao trinh Tai chinh Doanh nghiep, NXB Giao duc-1998 [33] PGS.PTS Nguyen Dinh Kiem, PTS Nguyen Dang Nam - Quan tri Tai chinh Doanh nghiep, NXB Tai chinh nam 1999 [34] GS.TS Truong Moc Lam, Duong Dang Chinh - Tai Chinh hoc, NXB Tai chinh nam 1999 [35] Th.s Do Thi Phuong - Quan ly Tai chinh doanh nghiep thuc hanh nang r cao co che thi trudng - Ha Noi nam 2000 [36] TS Vu Cong Ty, Th.s Do Thi Phuong - Tai chinh Doanh nghiep thuc hanh, NXB Nong nghiep Ha Noi -2004 [37] Tap chi Thong tin Kinh te Ke hoach (11/2001), Tinh hinh san xuat va cung cap dien thoi ky 1990 - 2000 [38] Tong Cong ty Dien luc Viet Nam - Bao cao Tai chinh toan Tong cong ty nam 2004, 2005, 2006 [39] Tong Cong ty Dien luc Viet Nam - Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach nam 2001 - 2005 108 [40] , Tong Cong ty Dien lire Viet Nam - Chien luge phat trien toan nganh dien tu nam 2000 - 2010 [41] Tap doan Dien luc Viet Nam - Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach nam 2006 va trien khai ke hoach nam 2007 [42] Vien chien luge phat trien vaTap chi Kinh te va Du bao: “Du bao phat trien nang lugng Viet Nam”, NXB Thong ke Ha Noi 1998 [43] Duong Quang Thanh: “ Phuong phap phan tich hieu qua dau tu vao cac cong trinh dien co xet den rui ro” Tap chi Cong nghiep, so 20(1- 15/11/2000) [44] N.GREGORY MANKIW (1977), Kinh te vi mo, NXB Thdng ke [45] FREBERIC S.MISHKIN (1990), Tien te, Ngan hang va Thi trudng tai chinh, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat