Chiến lược cạnh tranh của tổng công ty hàng không việt nam trong điều kiện hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế

DHKTQD LV ThS 4701 *• [1 Hu X A-' 0 HOC KiNH *'t ()W DAN *- ♦** ii 11 I !i HUYNH NHAT QUANG i CHI^N LUGO CANH TRANH CUA TdNG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM TRQNG DI1?U KEEN I HOI NHAP KIND T< QUdC TE LOAN VAN THAT SY KiNH TE % HA NO1 - 2010 s& q 11 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN DAI HQC KTQD TT THONG TIN THtf VIEN I PHONG LUAN AN ■ TU LIEU HUYNH NHAT QUANG a/ , _ _ z? a CHIEN LUOC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM TRONG HIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Chinh tri LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • ViS W* NGUtil HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: TS DO KIM HOA HA NOI - 2010 LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam an day Id cong trinh nghien cuu doc lap cua rieng toi Cdc so lieu, ket qua neu luqn van Id trung thuc, cd nguon goc rd rang Huynh Nhat Quang MUC LUC • • LOI CAM DOAN DANH MVC CAC CHL1 VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, HINH, SO DO MO DAU Chuong - CO SO LI LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE CHIEN LI'QC CANH TRANH CUA DOANH NGHIEP HANG KHONG 1.1 Ly luan chung ve chien luge canh tranh cua doanh nghiep 1.1.1 Nhttng van de co ban ve canh tranh cua doanh nghiep 1.1.2 Nhung van de co ban ve chien luge canh tranh cua doanh nghiep 1.2 Mot s6 vdn d£ co ban v6 chien luge canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Hang khong 1.2.1 Dac diem canh tranh ITnh vuc Hang khong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 1.2.2 Dac thu cua chien luge canh tranh cua doanh nghiep hang khong .10 1.2.3 Xay dung, thuc hien chien luge canh tranh cua doanh nghiep hang khong 11 1.2.4 Vai tro cua chien luge canh tranh qua trinh nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua doanh nghiep hang khong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 18 1.3 Kinh nghiem xay dung chien luge canh tranh cua mot so hang hang khong tren the gidi va bai hoc doi vdi Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 21 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem xay dung chien luge canh tranh cua mot so hang hang khong tren the gidi 21 1.3.2 Bai hoc doi vdi Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 25 Ch irong - THlfC TRANG XAY DV’NG VA THlfC HIEN CHIEN LUO( CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM 28 2.1 Gidi thieu chung ve Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 28 2.1.1 Gidi thi?u vd Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 28 2.1.2 Khai quat ve cac doi thu canh tranh chinh cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 30 2.2 Tong quan ve thuc trang xay dung chien luge canh tranh cua l ong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 35 2.2.3 Ve quy trinh va phuang phap xay dung chien luge 53 2.2.4 Ve nhung ngi dung cu the cua chien luge 55 2.2.5 Ve to chuc thuc hien chien luge 57 2.3 Danh gia thuc trang xay dung va thuc hien chien luge canh tranh cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 58 2.3.1 Nhung cong 58 2.3.2 Nhung han che va nguyen nhan cua han che cong tac xay dung chien luge 63 Chuong - MOT SO GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM XAY DUNG CHIEN LUOC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 65 3.1 Thai ca va thach thuc doi vdi Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam qua trinh nang cao nang luc canh tranh 65 3.1.1 Thai ca 65 3.1.2 Thach thuc 66 3.1.3 Du bao thi trudng van tai hang khong .66 3.2 Quan diem xay dung chien luge canh tranh cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 69 3.3 Mot so giai phap chu ycu nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 71 3.3.1 Nhom giai phap lien quan den viec lua chon mo hinh chien luge 71 3.3.2 Nhom giai phap lien quan den xac dinh muc tieu 77 3.3.3 Nhom giai phap lien quan den quy trinh, phuang phap, cong cu xay dung chien luge 80 3.3.4 Nhom giai phap lien quan den noi dung chien luge 81 3.3.5 Nhom giai phap lien quan d£n to chuc thuc hien chien luge 90 3.4 Mot s6 kien nghi nham bao dam thuc hien xay dung chien luge canh tranh cua Tong cong ty I lang khong Viet Nam 93 3.4.1 Doi vdi Chinh phu 93 3.4.2 Doi vdi nganh hang khong 94 KET LUAN 95 DANH MIJC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 97 DANH MUC CAC CHIT VIET TAT HK: Hang khong HKDD: Hang khong dan dung TCTHK: Tong cong ty Hang khong TCT: Tong cong ty KTXH: Kinh t£ xa hoi SXKD: San xuat kinh doanh DN : Doanh nghiep CNTT : Cong nghe thong tin TNHH : Trach nhiem hiru han 10 JAR: Bo tieu chuan cua Iiep hoi Hang khong Chau Au 11 FAR: Bo tieu chuan cua Cue Hang khong Lien bang My 12 ICAO: To chuc Hang khong dan dung quoc te 13 IATA: Hiep hoi Van tai hang khong quoc te 14 APA: Hiep hoi cac hang hang khong khu vuc Chau A-Thai Binh Duong DANH MUC BANG, HINH, SO DO BANG Bang 2.1: Thi trudng van tai hanh khach quoc te va noi dia 2006-2010 42 Bang 2.2: Thi trudng van tai hang hoa quoc te va noi dia 2006-2010 .42 Bang 2.3: Danh gia cac yeu to moi trudng kinh doanh 44 Bang 2.4: Thi phan hanh khach, hang hoa 2006-2009 cua Vietnam Airlines 46 Bang 2.5 : Danh gia tong hop thuc trang cua TCT1IK Viet Nam 52 Bang 2.6 : Ket qua van chuyen hanh va hang hoa khach giai doan 2001 -2005 59 Bang 2.7: Ket qua van chuyen hanh khach va hang hoa giai doan 2006-2009 .60 Bang 2.8: Mot sd chi tieu kdt qua SXKD giai doan 2005-2009 61 Bang 2.9: Dau tu doi moi may moc thiet bi va cong nghe 2001-2005 61 Bang 2.10: Dau tu doi mdi may moc thiet bi va cong nghe 2006-2009 62 Bang 3.1: Du bao thi trudng van tai hanh khach 2010-2020 67 Bang 3.2: Du bao thi trudng van tai hang hoa 2010-2020 68 Bang 3.3: Mo hinh SWOT cua Tong cong ty HK.VN 72 Bang 3.4: Ma tran phan tich danh muc dau tu Me Kinsey cua Tong cong ty 1IKVN 75 Bang 3.5: Danh gia cac phuang an chien luge 77 Bang 3.6: Ke hoach van chuyen hanh khach cua Vietnam Airlines 2011-2020 79 Bang 3.7: Ke hoach van chuyen hang hoa cua Vietnam Airlines 2011-2020 79 Bang 3.8: Ke hoach phat tricn doi may bay giai doan 2011- 2020 cua TCTHK 86 Bang 3.9: Co cau von dau tu giai doan 2011-2020 cua Tong cong ty HKVN 89 HINH Hinh 1.1: Quy trinh xay dung chien luge canh tranh 13 Hinh 1.2: Ma tran SWOT 15 SO DO Sa 2.1: To chuc tong cong ty HKVN/Vietnam Airlines corporation 31 — — TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN HUYNH NHAT QUANG CHIEN LlTOC CANH TRANH CUA TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN * • HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE Chuyen nganh* Kinh te Chinh tri TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA NOI - 2010 MO DAU Tinh cap thiet cua De tai Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam (trong Hang HK Quoc gia Viet Nam la nong cot) la mot TCT Ion cua Nha nude, luc lugng chu lire va giCr vai tro chu dao van tai HK quoc gia, gop phan tich cue phat trien KTXH cac dia phuong, la cong cu quan de thuc hien cac chinh sach kinh te doi ngoai cua Nha nude Moi trudng kinh doanh van tai HK quoc te cua TCTHK Viet Nam nhdng nam gan day thay doi mot each ccr ban theo cac xu the tu thuong mai, md cua bau trdi van tai HK lap cac lien minh HK toan cau Nhung bien doi da lam anh hudng true tiep tdi moi trudng kinh doanh cua TCTHK Viet Nam; hoat dong kinh doanh van tai HK cua TCTHK Viet Nam cang phai canh tranh quyet liet khong chi tai thi trudng van tai HK quoc te ma ca tai thi trudng van tai HK noi dia Vi vay, dd phat trien TCTHK Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap va canh tranh qu6c te, yeu cau cap bach la phai xay dung duoc mot chien luge canh tranh phu hgp Thuc trang cong lac xay dung va to chuc thuc hien chien luge canh tranh cua TCTHK Viet Nam nhung nam qua co nhung bat cap Nhttng bat cap phai sdm duoc xem xet, giai quyet de nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua TCT Xuat phat tu yeu cau cua thuc tien tren day, Tac gia lua chon de tai cua Luan van la “Chien luoc canh tranh cua Tong edng ty Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te” Ket cau cua luan van Ket cau chinh cua Luan van gom chuong: Chuong 1: Co sd ly luan va thuc tien ve chien luge canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Hang khong Chuo’ng 2: Thuc trang xay dung va thuc hien chien luge canh tranh cua Tong Cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam Chirong 3: Quan diem va giai phap chu yeu nham xay dung chien luge canh tranh cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te ii Chuong 1- CO Sd LI LUAN VA THVC TIEN VE CHIEN LUOC CANH TRANH CUA DOANH NGHIEP HANG KHONG 1.1 Ly Ilian chung ve xay dung chien luoc canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep - Canh tranh co the duoc hieu mot each chung nhat la : “canh tranh la mot qua trinh kinh te ma a cac chu the kinh te (quoc gia, nganh hay DN) ganh dua vdi de chiem lTnh thi trudng, gianh lay khach hang cung cac dieu kien san xuat va tieu thu san pham co lgi nhat nh&m muc tieu toi da hoa lgi nhuan” - Doi vdi quan niem ve chien luge canh tranh cua doanh nghiep: Trong thuc te thuat ngu chien luge dugc dung theo nhieu each khac nhau, nhien, tong hgp cac quan diem khac cd the thay “chien luge la mot ke hoach phuc hgp, toan dien va chi tiet nham bao dam thuc hien chirc nang co ban cua DN va dat dugc cac muc tieu de ra” Theo Michael Porter, chuyen gia hang dau the gidi lTnh vuc chien luge canh tranh va canh tranh tren thi trudng quoc te tac gia cuon “Chien luge canh tranh” cho rang: “Chien luge de duong dau vdi canh tranh la su ket hgp gitra nhung muc tieu can dat tdi va nhung phuong tien ma DN can tim de dat dugc muc tieu” 1.2 Mot so van de co- ban ve chien luoc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Hang khong 1.2.1 Due thu cua chien luoc canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep hang khong Xuat phat tir dac diem cua canh tranh lTnh vuc HK, chien luge canh tranh cua DN hang khong co nhung dac thu sau: (1) Nganh HK cd bo phan gin ket chat che vdi nhau: cang HK, quan ly bay va hang HK; (2)Van tai HK mang tinh toan cau phai tuan thu cac quy dinh quoc te; (3) An toan hoat dong van tai HK la yeu cau quan hang dau, thudng xuyen, yeu to quyet dinh uy tin, n&ng luc canh tranh va su ton tai cua Hang HK; (4) Hieu qua cua van tai HK noi rieng va cua nganh HK noi chung co tinh lien nganh; (5) Dau tu lTnh vuc van tai HK cd chi phi rdt Idn; (6) Toe tang trudng lTnh vgc van tai HK rat nhay cam vdi su bidn dong cua kinh td vT mo Tdc tang san lugng va doanh thu van tai HK thudng nhanh hon tdc tang GDP; muc suy giam cung nhanh han suy giam GDP 84 tan suat bay, su dung cac loai tau bay than rong, nang cao nang luc canh tranh va hieu qua khai thac - Mang dudng bay tam xa xuyen luc dia: Day la cac dudng bay co y nghia chien lupc lau dai, duoc nghien cuu phat trien than va cd chon loc tren co sd bao dam hieu qua khai thac chung toan mang cua TCT; dong thdi phuc vu nhiem vu lam cau noi giao luu kinh te - chinh tri vdi cac thi trudng diem cua quoc gia Trong thdi gian tdi, TCT tiep tuc chuan bi cac dieu kien thi trudng can thiet md dudng bay xuyen Thai Binh Duong tdi bd Tay Bac My, md rong mang bay tdi chau Au vdi nhung dudng bay mdi tdi Cong hoa Sec, Anh va viing Vien Dong cua Lien bang Nga, tiep tuc nghien cuu md dudng bay tdi chau Phi Viec phat trien mang dudng bay se duoc thuc hien dieu kien dam bao cac muc tieu kinh doanh ve thi phan, doanh thu cung nhu cac chi tieu chinh khac - Dinh hudng phat trien van tai hang hoa la phat trien mang dudng bay van chuyen hang hoa chuyen dung, chuan bi dieu kien de lap Vietnam Airlines Cargo thdi gian tdi 3.3.4.3 Ve phat trien doi tau bay Doi tau bay la luc lugng san xuat quan nhat, dong vai trd quyet dinh tdi qui mo, nang luc canh tranh va su phat trien cua mot hang HK; dau tu cho doi tau bay cung la khoan dau tu ldn nhat cua Hang Vi vay lap ke hoach phat trien doi tau bay phan tich ky cac quan diem va kha nSng phat trien doi tau bay, dSc bi?t la dpi tau bay sd huu Tren co sd ke hoach phat trien doi tau bay phai dam bao nang luc canh tranh va hieu qua kinh te, cac quan diem chinh dupe xac dinh cho ke hoach phat trien dpi tau bay cua TCT la: - Phu hpp vdi chien lupc, dinh hudng phat trien mang dudng bay, can ddi vdi nang luc cua ket cau tang va cac lTnh vuc dong bo; du ve sd luong, chung loai de dam bao tan suat bay, tai cung ung theo yeu cau thi trudng va chien lupc phat trien kinh te dat nudc; - Phu hpp vdi chinh sach san pham doi vdi tirng khu vuc, tirng thi trudng, tirng dudng bay, dam bao tao dupe cac uu the canh tranh va hieu qua khai thac; 85 - Tirng budc tang ty le may bay sa huru phu hap vdi kha nang huy dong nguon von nham bao dam tinh chu dong va hieu qua khai thac; - Dan gian ve cau true va so ltrgng chung loai, dinh hudng cdng nghe mdi tiep thi lua chon; - Bao dam tinh canh tranh cao lua chon may bay, dong ca va trang thiet bi, thuc hien dung qui dinh cua Nha nudc ve dau tu - U'u tien muc tieu an toan khai thac may bay Dinh hudng chung loai may bay den nam 2020, TCT se co dong tau bay chinh theo tieu chuan chung cua qudc te: - Dong tau bay than rong loi di (280-300 ghe): su dung tren cac dudng bay qudc te xuyen luc dia, cac dudng bay qudc te co dung lugng ldn, tam bay tren gid, Chung loai su dung cdng nghe Airbus A350-900 va B787-9 Dinh hudng, A350 se dugc su dung chu yeu tren cac dudng bay tdi My, chau Au; B787-9 se khai thac tren cac dudng bay ngan han tdi Dong Bac A, chau Au va Uc - Dong tau bay than hep loi di (150-180 ghe): su dung tren cac dudng bay qudc te khu vuc, noi dia co tam bay dudi gid vdi dinh hudng khai thac tren cac dudng bay noi dia co dung lugng khach tuong doi ldn, cac dudng bay khu vuc Dong Nam A, Dong Bac A, cd gid bay tu 2-5 gid, loai tau bay lua chon A320/321 - Dong may bay khu vuc tam ngan (70 ghe): Dung de khai thac tren cac dudng bay tam ngSn, dung lugng vua phai, co sd tang san bay, thdi gian tdi, Viet Nam van tri khai thac nhieu san bay nho, khdng cd kha nang tiep nhan tau bay ldn Dong thdi, Vietnam Airlines se xay dung Hang HK co phan tren co sd chuyen doi VASCO theo mo hinh hang HK gia re, tap trung khai thac cac thi trudng ngach cd quy mo nho va tdi cac san bay han che kha nSng tiep nhan tau bay ldn 86 Bang 3.8: Ke hoach phat trien doi may bay giai doan 2011- 2020 cua TCTHK Don vi: chiec tau bay Nam 70 ghd Tau bay than hep Tau bay than rgng (150-180ghd) (280-300ghd) Tdng 2011 16 34 19 69 2012 16 39 21 76 2013 14 48 23 85 2014 14 53 27 94 2015 14 58 31 103 2016 15 61 36 112 2017 15 65 41 121 2018 16 72 45 133 2019 17 76 49 142 2020 17 80 52 149 Nguon: Ke hoach phat trien doi bay cua Tdng cong ty HKVN Nhu vay, den nam 2020 Vietnam Airlines se co tong so khoang 149 may bay, chd khach gom: 17chiec 70 ghe, 80 chiec tir 150- 180 ghe va 52 chiec tir 280- 300 ghe Ddi voi may bay cho hang, du kien toi nam 2020, Vietnam Airlines se khai thac 02 may bay loai 20-30 tan de khai thac chd hang khu vuc va 01 may bay loai 70-100 tan de khai thac chd hang di Chau Au va Bac My thong qua hinh thuc thue khai thac 3.3.4.4 Ve an toan an ninh HK, khai thac, ky thuat, dich vu va cong nghe thdng tin Ve an toan an ninh hang khong: Cac he thdng va quy trinh kiem tra an ninh se dugc tang cudng cho mdi chuyen bay Co sd vat chat phuc vu an ninh HK can dugc tang cudng theo hudng hien dai hoa, kip thdi phat hien cac dau hieu kha nghi de doa an toan cua nganh HK va hanh khach \ f r r r t, Ve he thdng khai thac: Thiet lap he thong tu dong lap ke hoach bay va dieu hanh hoat dong khai thac toan doi may bay mQt each tap trung thdng nhat To chuc 87 tot cac bo phan cau cua he thong didu hanh khai thac bay, ddng thdi lien kdt he thong dieu hanh khai thac voi he thong dam bao ky thuat, thuong mai nhSm kip thdi dieu tiet va ket noi cac hoat dpng khai thac vdi phuc vu khach hang va thi trudng mot each hieu qua Dau tu trang thiet bi hien dai ve didu hanh khai thac bay, cac trang thiet bi dao tao huan luyen, dac biet la cac simulator tmh va dong Kien toan va nang cao nang luc Trung tam huan luyen bay X F f Ke he thong tang ky thuat, bao duang may bay: Xay dung he thong ky thuat va bao dudng may bay mot don vi thong nhat theo tieu chuan JAR/FAR 145, co co sd vat chat - ky thuat hien dai Thuc hien dai tu than canh cho tat ca cac loai may bay ma TCT dang khai thac Nang cap trung tam bao dudng dong co de sua chua loai dong co chiem so luong ldn ma TCT dang khai thac tien tdi dai tu dong co sau nam 2012 Tung budc tham gia lien minh cung ung vat tu, phu tung may bay, phuong tien ky thuat vdi cac hang HK su dung cac loai may bay va phuong ti?n ky thuat tuong tu nhu Vietnam Airlines; lap cong ty lien doanh vdi nudc ngoai ve sua chua, dai tu may bay, dong co tai Viet Nam nham khai thac the manh cua ddi tac ve cong nghe, trinh dQ, kinh nghiem, rut ngSn thdi gian chuyen giao cong nghe, nhanh chong dap ung nhu cau ve ky thuat may bay d Viet Nam F » V Ve phat trien he thong thuong mai, dich vu hang khong: Tang nang luc he thong ban; chuydn tir chuc nang quan ly ban thu dpng sang chuc nang phan phoi chu dong, thudng xuyen nam vung tinh hinh dat cho/tai va co bien phap phat dong ban, phan bo cho/tai den noi co co hoi ve hanh khach, hang hoa hoac ban doanh thu cao, nang cao hieu qua su dung cong cu tin hoc quan tri doanh thu (YMS); tiep tuc thuc hien viec da dang gia ve; da dang hoa san pham, dich vu hoat dong ban tranh cho ca van tai HK lan du lich; thiet lap, tham gia cac lien minh tiep thi va ket noi mang dudng bay toan cau: Trudc mat, chu dong tang cudng hop tac song phuong vdi mot so hang HK ldn d mot so khu vuc thi trudng chu chot s r r r f Ve nang cap chat luong dich vu: Nang cap chat luong dich vu phuc vu hanh khach dat tieu chuan ngang tam cac hang HK khu vuc va the gidi Chat 88 luong dich vu dat mure kha va dong deu moi linh vuc Dich vu mang tinh on dinh, ben vtrng, the hi?n duoc ban sac dan tpc Vipt Nam Co cau chi phi dich vu hop ly cd uu tien trpng diem de dam bao tinh canh tranh Ve cdng nghe thong tin: Dinh hudng dau tu khoa hoc cdng nghe uu tien cho dau tu xay dung tang CNTT va phuc vu dieu hanh, khai thac Phat trien CNTT theo hudng di thang vao cdng nghe tien tien hien dai ngang tam khu vpc va the gidi Trien khai quy hoach tong the phat trien CNTT tren ca hai vai trd tham gia true tiep qua trinh kinh doanh va phuc vu qua trinh quan ly dieu hanh Doi mdi va nang cap toan bp he thong CNTT cua TCT; dong bo hoa va tieu chuan hoa he thong nay, bao dam phat trien can doi giua tang ky thuat vdi he thong chuong trinh ung dung 3.3.4.5 Ve phat trien nguon nhan lire Phat trien nguon nhan luc tren co sd cac dinh hudng ldn nhu sau: - Chuyen nghipp hoa ve quan ly kinh te, dap ung yeu cau ve canh tranh mdi trudng tu hoa - Dau tu chuyen sau co diem luc luong phi cdng va ky thuat nham dap ung yeu cau tiep thu va van hanh cdng nghe hien dai nhat - Doi mdi cdng tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tren tat ca cac khau tuyen dung, dao tao, su dung, tien luong, dai ngo, bao dam cac chinh sach ve nguon lao dong thu hut dupe nhieu nguoi gidi nham thuc hien muc tieu TCT la mot DN dung dau cua Viet Nam ve phat huy nguon luc nguoi, phat trien toan dien ngudi Nhung noi dung cu the can thuc hien nhu sau: - Doi ngu ngudi lai: dam bao 80-90% nhu cau ngudi lai la ngudi Viet Nam, dupe dao lao co ban, du kha nang khai thac an toan va hieu qua cac dudng bay nudc va qudc te Doi ngu tiep vien: dam bao du sd luong, chat luong dap ung cac tieu chuan, quy trinh khai thac cua TCT va cua qudc te - Doi ngu lao dong ky thuat may bay: dam bao tu to chuc khai thac va bao dudng ky thuat dpi may bay cua Vietnam Airlines, tung budc cung ung cac dich vu ky thuat cho cac hang IK khu vuc; tuan thu cac quy dinh cua nha chuc trach HK, dap ung cac tieu chuan qudc te ve bao dudng; dupe dao tao co ban, du chung chi va cd trinh ngoai ngu thich hop 89 - Doi ngu can bo quan ly: phat trien dpi ngu can bo quan ly chung va quan ly chuyen nganh duoc dao tao co ban, co trinh dp chuyen mon tot, thong thao ngoai ngu, nam vung khoa hoc quan ly, biet lam viec co che thi truong; co tinh than trach cao, toan tam toan y phuc vu khach hang 3.3.4.6 Ve tai chinh De thuc hien chien luoc kinh doanh va chien lugc phat trien doi may bay den nam 2020, TCT can huy dong va su dung co hieu qua cac nguon luc, dac bi?t la nguon luc tai chinh Tong nhu cau von dau tu 10 nam tu 2011-2020 du tinh khoang 150.000 ty dong (tuong duong ty USD), uu tien dau tu phat trien doi may bay vdi tong von dau tu khoang 130.000 ty dong (tuong duong ty USD) Bang 3.9: Co cau von dau to giai doan 2011-2020 cua Tong cong ty HKVN Don vi tinh: Ty VND STT Nqi dung dau tu Von dau tu Ty le % 130.000 86,6 Dau tu phat trien dqi may bay Dau tu phat trien tang ky thuat, khai thac 9.500 7,3 Dau tu phat trien nguon nhan luc 3.000 2.3 6.500 5,0 1.000 0.8 150.000 100,0 Dau tu trang thiet bi va cac chuong trinh ung dung, cong nghe mdi Dau tu cho cac cong ty con, cong ty lien ket Tong von dau to Nguon: Ke hoach dau tu cua TCTHK Vi$t Nam giai doan 2011-2020 theo mo hinh va quy mo cua tap doan kinh te Bao toan va phat trien nguon von chu so huu dat toi thieu la 30% tong quy mo von kinh doanh Uu tien nguon von chu so huu tang them cho cac du an dau tu ket cau tang phuc vu khai thac, bao dudng va von doi ung cho phat trien doi may bay Tong nguon von chu so huu bao gom nguon von hien co va bo sung tu loi nhuan, tu ngan sach Nha nudc bao dam den nam 2015 dat tren 23.000 ty dong va nam 2020 dat tren 25.000 ty dong 90 Thuc hien bao toan von tren co so dam bao hieu qua kinh doanh; da dang hoa co cau von chu so hum, da dang hoa cac nguon huy dong Chuyen co che quan ly von tir hinh thirc quan ly hanh chinh sang quan ly theo phuong thuc ddu tu tai chinh, kinh doanh von thong qua cac dinh che tai chinh va dau tu Tang cudng viec quan ly, bao toan va phat trien von thong qua cac co che, chinh sach tai chinh ddng thdi vdi viec tham gia rong va sau hon vao thi trudng von qudc td 3.3.5 Nhom giaiphdp lien quan den to chuc thirc hien chien lucre 3.3.5.1 Tang circmg xay dimg he thong thong tin - Thanh lap bo phan chuyen trach thu thap thong tin va xu ly thong tin phuc vu cong tac xay dung chien luoc Bo phan phai bao gom cac chuyen gia am hieu ve quan tri chien luoc, co kha nang phan tich va xu ly thong tin - Dau tu dong bo giua co sd tang cong nghe thong tin va cac chuong trinh ung dung phuc de quan ly san xuat kinh doanh theo md hinh chuan cua mpt hang HK; bao dam cac chuong trinh ung dung phai ket noi de dang vdi cac he thong ben ngoai va dap ung moi yeu cau tiep nhan, xu ly thong tin theo yeu cau cua lien minh HK toan cau Sky Team va cua cac to chuc HKDD quoc te 3.3.5.2 Ddi mdi co che to chirc vd quan ly cua TCT Co che to chuc va quan Iv cua TCTHK Viet Nam se duoc kien toan va doi moi theo hudng lap Tap doan Van tai HK quoc gia Viet Nam tren co sd lay Cong ty me - TCTHK Viet Nam (Vietnam Airlines) lam nong cot, lay kinh doanh van tai HK lam tam Noi dung chu yeu nhu sau: - Tap doan Van tai HK quoc gia Viet Nam phai lay hieu qua kinh te va ket qua canh tranh cua toan bo Tap doan lam tieu chuan danh gia, lua chon phuong an to chuc, kinh doanh llieu qua kinh te phai lay chi tieu lpi nhuan/von de danh gia; ket qua canh tranh phai lay chi tieu chiem lTnh thi trudng de xac dinh Trong Tap doan, mdi lien ket dang cong ty me-cong ty con, mdi quan he cung ung ket qua san xuat chuoi san pham, chuoi gia tri (san pham cua cong ty la dau vao cua cong ty kia) la bien Khong canh tranh lan noi bo tap doan, ma don sue canh tranh vdi ddi tac tren thi trudng,dac biet la canh tranh qudc te 91 - Tap doan Van tai HK quoc gia Viet Nam la mot he thong ind gom nhom cac cdng ty,khdng phai la mot lap ghep co hpc cac cdng ty lai ma cac cdng ty tap doan gan bo chat che vdi ve loi ich kinh te, von, cdng nghe thi trudng, chien luoc kinh doanh, thuong hieu, tao mot he thdng vdi moi lien kdt chu ydu la lien ket dang cdng ty mp-cong ty - Tren co sd phat trien, to chuc lai TCTHK Viet Nam de hinh Tap doan Van tai HK qudc gia Viet Nam, lay Vietnam Airlines lam cdng ty me cua Tap doan Nhung cdng ty hoat dong kinh doanh cac dich vu dong bo, ho tro true tiep van tai I IK phai la cdng ty cua Tap doan Theo tieu chuan hieu qua va loi thd kinh doanh, cdng ty me dau tu vao cac cdng ty vdi ty le sd huu cd phan, von gop thich hop tung giai doan 3.3.5.3 Huy dong va sir dung cd hieu qua cac nguon von De thuc hien duoc chien luoc huy dong von cho nhu cau dau tu phat trien cua TCT tdi nam 2020 can thuc hien ca hai nhom giai phap dudi day: Thu nhat, nhom gidi phap tang nguon von von chu sd hieu: De bao dam kha nang huy dong von, nguon von chu sd huu cua TCT phai dupe tang len d muc can thiet Viec Ung nguon von chu sd huu boi canh cua VNA co the thuc hipn duoc vdi cac giai phap: - Duy tri on dinh hieu qua SXKD va dam bao duoc nguon tich luy tir loi nhuan de bo sung von dieu le Toan bo nguon von bo sung tir loi nhuan du tinh se dung de bo sung von luu dong, dau tu co sd tang va trang thiet bi mat dat Day la giai phap quan co tinh chat tac dong tuong tac giua hieu qua kinh doanh va kha nang huy dong von Neu ket qua kinh doanh dat hieu qua kem se lam giam nguon von tich luy tir noi bo va lam giam kha nang huy dong nguon von tir ben ngoai Do vay, viec tri on dinh hieu qua kinh doanh la yeu to dac biet quan trpng viec bao dam thuc hien cac muc tieu chien luoc cua TCT - Thuc hien co phan hoa VNA theo hudng thu hut them von tir ben ngoai w r ■* ■> * Giai phap nay, mot mat se tao nguon von dau tu dang ke tir cac nha dau tu mua co phan cua VNA, mat khac se tao mdi trudng phap ly mdi de hoan thien he thdng quan ly va nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh 92 Thir hai, nhom gidi phap huy dong von tie thi trudng von Huy dong von cho doi tau bay ddi hoi luong von Ion va vay can thiet phai da dang hoa cac hinh thuc huy dong von co tinh kha thi tren thi trudng Qua thuc tien trien khai cac giai phap huy dong von nhirng nam qua, co thd dua cac giai phap co tinh kha thi cao (theo thu tu tu tren xuong) nhu sau: r > -w y f - Huy dong von vay tin dung xuat khau: Day van se la nguon von thuc su co hieu qua va co chi phi von thap nhat nhieu nam tdi doi vdi Vietnam Airlines Su cam ket cua cac to chuc tin dung xuat khau (US-EXIM va European ECAs) tiep tuc ho trg cho cac nha che tao tau bay de xuat khau san pham la yeu to quan de bao dam tinh kha thi cua giai phap Song song vdi nd, giai phap, cam ket bao lanh cua Chinh phu Viet Nam cho cac khoan vay tin dung xuat khau la dieu kien khong the thieu de bao dam cho giai phap cd tinh thuc thi - Thuc hien gan giai phap huy dong von vay tin dung xuat khau vdi khoan vay thuong mai thdng qua viec dau thau tron goi se tao tinh canh tranh cao va cd co hoi cd dugc nguon von vay thuong mai vdi chi phi thap so vdi chi phi von tren thi trudng thuong mai - Phat hanh trai phieu: Khi quy md dau tu ldn va gidi han bao lanh tin dung cua cac to chuc tin dung xuat khau hoac cua Nha nudc giam, Vietnam Airlines co v r r the trien khai viec huy dong von tren thi trudng thdng qua viec phat hanh trai phieu va ngoai nudc Day la kenh huy dong von co quy md ldn, lai suat hap dan so vdi thi trudng von vay thuong mai - Da dang hoa cac hinh thuc huy dong von dau tu doi tau bay: Vdi tiem luc tai chinh han che, Vietnam Airlines phai thuc hien nghien cuu va van dung cac giai phap phat trien doi bay bang cac cau true khac tren thi trudng nhu cau true Sale and leaseback (ban va thue lai); thuc hien viec viec thue tau bay thdng qua mdi quan he giua nha che tao, nha dau tu (ben cho thuc) va ben di thue (Vietnam Airlines) 3.3.5.4 Xay dung van hoa Cong ty Vdi tu each la nen tang tinh than cua TCT, xay dung van hoa TCT tren co sd phat huy cao nhat nhung gia tri tot dep cua nen van hoa nudc ta, tiep thu tinh hoa van hoa cua cac hang HK tien tien, bao dam Viet Nam Airlines cd ban sac rieng, 93 hinh anh rieng tuong xung voi nen van hien Viet Nam, kinh doanh dung luat phap, chu tin doi voi hanh khach, khach hang, ban hang, cham lo doi song can bp cong nhan vien, ket hop tot don vi voi gia dinh ho, tao moi truong thuan lgi nhat di can bp cong nhan vien hoc tap nang cao trinh dp, hang say sang tao, lam viec co nang suat chat luong, ky luat, hieu qua; dap ung yeu cau cua kinh doanh hien dai la muon cong, TCT phai co nen van hoa lanh manh ket hgp voi vipc lam chu thuc su cong nghe tien tien 3.3.5.5 Tang cirimg Ciem coat va danh gid thirc hien chien luoc Qua trinh kiem soat chien lugc phai dugc thuc hien thuong xuyen va phai theo sat tien trinh thuc hien cac myc tieu tu muc tieu bp phan den muc tieu tong the De thuc hien tot cdng tac kiem soat chien lugc can thuc hipn tot cac cong viec sau: - Thiet lap he thong cac tieu chuan va chi tieu de danh gia ket qua hoat dong cua TCT He thong cac tieu chuan va chi tieu phai xuat phat tu chien lugc dugc lua chon - Danh gia cac ket qua va thuc hien cac dieu chinh can thiet nham muc dich dua cac hoat dong cua TCT di dung huong, bao dam thuc hien cac muc tieu chien lugc 3.4 Mot so kien nghi nham bao dam thuc hien xay dung chien luge canh tranh cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 3.4.1 Ddi vdi Chinh phu Thu nhat, dinh hinh va on dinh chinh sach van tai HK: Phu hgp voi xu the hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua dat nuoc, TCT ung ho chinh sach phi dieu tiet hoa van tai HK co lp trinh nham thuc day giao luu quoc te co tam; dam bao ho trg co hipu qua cho chinh sach mo cua thu hut dau tu, thuong mai du lich cua Nha nuoc; xay dung Thanh Ho Chi Minh va Ha Npi trung tam trung chuyen HK cua khu vuc, bao vp quyen lgi quoc gia Trong dieu kien cua Viet Nam, chinh sach phi dieu tiet hoa van tai HK can dugc ap dung tung buoc co tam, diem doi voi nhung nudc co quan he ngoai giao, kinh te, chinh tri mat thiet voi Viet Nam va khu vuc; tri kiem soat chat che chinh sach van tai HK doi voi cac nuoc canh tranh truc tiep ve cua ngo voi Viet Nam; bao dam nguyen tac binh ding ve co hpi kinh doanh va kha nang thuc thi cac thoa thuan ve va tai HK quan he HK song phuong va da phuong 94 Thu hai, iru tien tap trung phat trien Hang HK qudc gia luc luong chu luc, giu vai trd chu dao van tdi HK qudc gia', uu tien cap thuong quyen khai thac cho Hang tren cac duong bay quoc te diem, co hieu qua kinh te tot; can doi loi ich tong thd vi quyen loi quoc gia Thu ba, quy hoach va dau tu nang cap co sd tang HK san bay va du lich: Quy hoach mang cang HK san bay tong the he thdng giao thdng van tai qudc gia; tap trung xay drnig hai trung tam trung chuyen van tai hanh khach HK dr Long Thanh va Ha Noi; xay dung trung tam trung chuyen van tai hang hoa HK tai mien trung; nang cap cac cang HK ldn d trung lam du lich nhu Cam Ranh, Phu Qudc, Da Lat va cac san bay dia phuong diem khac; dam bao kha nang cat canh cho loai may bay chu lire tam ngan trung; Chi dao xay dung chinh sach tdng the phoi hop phat trien hai nganh Du lich va HK, dam bao su phat trien dong bo cua hai nganh Thu tu, nha nudc co ca che chinh sach ho tro von, dong thdi gianh mot phan nguon von tin dung uu dai Nha nudc de thuc hien cac du an dau tu phat trien doi may bay cua TCT Dong thdi, cho phep TCT ap dung cac chinh sach, co che dac thu doi vdi nganh HKDD, tao mdi trudng thuan lpi san xufit, kinh doanh phu hop vdi thdng le qudc te Thu nam, cho phep TCT duoc xay dung va dp dung mo hinh to chuc Tap doan kinh te tu nam 2012 3.4.2 Doi vdi nganh hang khdng r Thu nhat, sdm thuc hien quy hoach cac cdng HK san bay dac biet la cac san bay can cur cua TCTHK Viet Nam Tren co sd quy hoach nay, Cue HKDD Viet Nam thuc hien giao dat va ho tro TCTHK Viet nam dau tu co sd tang tai cac san bay 77iir hai, dau tu dong bo co sd tdng tai cac cdng HK san bay, dac biet la nang cap, md rong cac nha ga qudc te, san may bay va trang thiet bi quan ly bay Bao dam co sd tang tai cac cang HK san bay phai luon di trudc, don dau doi vdi su tang trudng cua van tai HK Thu ba, tren ca sd Luat HKDD Viet Nam, bo sung, hoan chinh va xay dung mdi cac chinh sach quan ly linh vuc van tdi HK Cac chinh sach phai phu hop vdi thdng le cua HK qudc te va tao dieu kien cho cac hang HK nudc phat trien 95 KET LUAN Van tai HK la mot nganh kinh te ky thuat quan trpng, dong vai trd cang to ldn ddi vdi nen kinh tc qudc dan TCT HK Viet Nam (trong Hang HK qudc gia Viet Nam la nong cot) la mot TCT ldn cua Nha nudc, luc luong chu lire va giu vai trd chu dao van tai HK quoc gia Trong xu the hoi nhap kinh te qudc te hien nay, mdi trudng kinh doanh van tai HK cua TCT HK Viet Nam da cd nhung thay ddi cu ban theo cac xu the chung cua van tai HK the gidi la tu thuong mai, md cua bau trdi va lien ket, lap cac lien minh HK toan cau Nhung thay ddi dan tdi su canh tranh cang gay gat khong chi ddi vdi thi trudng van tai HK qudc te ma ca thi trudng van tai HK noi dia cua Viet Nam Trong dieu kien nhu vay, viec xay dung mot chien luoc canh tranh phu hop la vo cung can thiet va cd y nghia ldn lao ddi vdi hoat dong kinh doanh van tai cua TCTHK Viet Nam Sau thdi gian hoc tap chuong trinh Cao hoc tai Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc dan Ha noi va qua qua trinh hoat dong thuc tien tai TCTHK Viet Nam, Tdi da thuc hien De tai: “Chien luoc canh tranh cua TCT HK Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te Day la van de het sue quan ddi vdi TCT HK Viet Nam hien Trong qua trinh nghien cuu thuc hien de tai, tac gia da giai quyet duoc cac van de sau: - He thdng hoa mot sd van de ly luan va thuc tien ve chien luoc canh tranh cua DN noi chung va canh tranh ITnh vuc van tai HK noi rieng - Phan tich, danh gia thuc trang SXKD, to chuc quan ly va cac nguon luc TCT HK Viet Nam hien nay, tu nhan dinh nhung co hoi va thach thuc ddi vdi TCTHK Viet Nam dieu kien hQi nhap qudc te - Dd xudt cac quan diem phat tridn, muc tieu va chi tieu chidn luoc tdng quat cua TCTHK Viet Nam tdi nam 2020 va nhung giai phap cu the nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua TCTHK Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc tc 96 Mac du da het suc co gang de hoan De tai Tuy nhien, dieu kien nghien cuu va kha nang co han, nen khong the tranh khoi nhung thieu sot Tac gia rat mong nhan dugc y kien dong gop cua cac thay, co giao, cac ban dong nghiep va nhung nguoi quan tam de bo sung hoan chinh De tai va dua vao ap dung thuc tien tai don vi Xin tran cam on su giup do, huong dan tan tinh cua cac thay co giao Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, dac biet la cua Tien sy Do Kim Hoa va su ung hp cua ban be dong nghiep da giup Toi hoan ban Luan van 97 DANH MVC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO A If* Dinh Van An (2004), Nang cao nang lire canh tranh quoc gia, Vien nghien cuu Quan ly Kinh te Trung uong (CIEM), Nxb Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi Db Due Binh Nguyen Thuong Lang (2004), Giao trinh Kinh te qudc te, Nxb khoa hoc ky thuat, Ha Noi Bo Ke hoach va dau tu - Trung tam thdng tin va du bao kinh te xa hoi quoc gia (2005), Ve nang lire canh tranh cua DN Viet Nam trudc nguang cua hoi nhap Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2000), Chien luac va quy hoach phat trien dat nude budc vao the ky XXI, Nxb Thdng ke, Ha Noi Ducmg Ngoc Dung (2008), Chien luac canh tranh theo ly thuyet Michael E Porter, Nxb Tong hop TP Ho Chi Minh Nguydn Thanh Dp, Nguyen Ngoc Huyen (2002), Giao trinh chien luac kinh doanh vaphat trien Doanh nghiep, Nxb Lao dong xa hoi Ha Noi Fredr.David (2006) Khai luan ve quan tri chien luac, Nxb Thdng ke, I la Noi Gary D.Smith, Danny R.Amold, Bobby G.Rizzell (2005), Chien luac va chinh sach kinh doanh, Nxb Tdng hop, TP Ho Chi Minh Trinh Minh Giang (2006), Bai hoc cho cac hang hang khong ldn a chau Au, Thdi bao qudc te, sb 12 10 Harold Koontz-Cyril Odonnell-Heinz Weihrich (1999), Nhung van de cot yeu cua quan ly, Nxb Khoa hoc ky thuat, Ha Noi 11 Dao Duy Huan (1996), Chidn luoc kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep nen kinh te thi truong, Nxb Giao due, Ha Noi 12 Michael E Porter (1996), Chien luac canh tranh, Nxb Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha Noi 13 Quoc hoi nudc Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam (2006), Luat Hang khong dan dung Viet Nam so 66/2006/QH11, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi 14 Do Thi Sanh (2007), Phat trien nguon nhan luc quan ly bay qua trinh hien dai hoa nganh Hang khong Viet Nam, Luan van thac si 98 15 Tran Suru (2006), Nang lac canh tranh cua doanh nghiep dieu kien toan cau hoa, Nxb Lao dong, Ha Noi 16 TCTHK Viet Nam, Bao cao tinh hinh thirc hien ke hoach nam 2005-2009 17 TCTHK Viet Nam, Ke hoachphat trien van tdi HK qudc gia 18 TCTHK Vi?t Nam, Ke hoach phat trien ddi may bay den nam 2010 19 TCTHK Viet Nam, Bao cao tinh hinh thirc hien ke hoach dau tu nam 2005-2009 20 TCTHK Vi£t Nam, Bao cao tai chinh nam 2005-2009 21 Ngo Kim Thanh, Le Van Tam (2009), Giao trinh quan tri chien luoc, Nxb Dai hoc KTQD, Ha Npi 22 Luu Dat Thuyet (2003), Toan cau hod kinh te vd chinh sach hoi nhap kinh te qudc te cua Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 23 Vu Dinh Thuy (2007), Huy dong von phat trien nganh Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te, Luan van thac si 24 Mai Thuy Trang (2006), Phan tich SWOT viec hinh chien hare kinh doanh, http://chungta.com/Desktop.aspx/KinhDoanh- QTDN/Chienluoc/PhantichSWOT/ 25 Ha Tran (2004), Cuoc chien cua Singapore Airlines vdi cac hang hang khong gid re, http://wwvv.bwportal.com.vn/?cid=4,4&txtid=715 26 Vu lluy Tir (2002), Md hinh tap doan kinh te Cong nghiep hoa - Hien dai hoa Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Noi * r 27 Vien khoa hoc HK (2006), Xu hudng phat trien HK chi phi thap khu vuc vd tren the gidi vd nhung tdc dong cua nd den thi trudng van tdi HK, Thong tin chuyen de 28 Vien Khoa hoc I IK (2009), Thong tin Kinh te - Ky thuat sd 1&2/2009 29 Vien khoa hoc HK (2007), Thi trudng van tdi hang khong My-co hoi vd thach thuc doi vdi hang khong Viet Nam, Thong tin chuyen de 30 Vien khoa hoc I IK (2008), Du bao mdi trudng kinh doanh van tdi hang khong, Thong tin chuyen de 31 Website www.vietnamaiiiincs.com.vn 32 Website www.mpi.gov.vn