Một số giải pháp đẩy mạnh đầu tư phát triển tại tổng công ty hàng không việt nam trong điều kiện hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế

TRtfdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN $ * * > o $ A i I J NGO CAO BAI * * MQT SO GIAIPHAPDAY MANH DAU TU* PHAT TRDfcN T^I TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VI$ T NAM TRONG BIEL KI$N HQI NH^P KENH Tt QUdC T£ LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE e n a Ha Nci, Nam 2006 < TRUO’NG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN - o^» DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAM TIN THU VIEN _THONG ■ NGO CAO DAI MOT SO GIAI PHAP DAY MANH DAU TU* PHAT TRIEN TAI TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE CHUYEN NGANH KINH TE DAU TU LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • NGUO’I HUO’NG DAN KHOA HOC: TS PHAM VAN HUNG • • DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TA MjTj< THONG TIN THUVlEN-' Ha Noi, Nam 2006 Muc luc Danh muc bang, thi, hinh ve, so Tom tat luan van Ma dau Chuong 1: MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE DAU TU PHAT TRIEN TAI CAC DOANH NGHIEP HANG KHONG TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 1.1 Nganh Hang khong dan dung dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 4 1.1.1 Tinh tat yeu cua hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 1.1.2 Xu hudng phat trien va tinh hinh canh tranh tren thi truang hang khong dieu kien hoi nhap Dau tu phat trien tai cac doanh nghiep hang khong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Dau tu va dau tu phat trien 1.2 1.2.1 13 13 Dau tu phat trien tai cac doanh nghiep hang khong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 15 Chuong THUC TRANG DAU TU PHAT TRIEN CUA TONG CONG TY HANG KH6NG VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 2001 -2005 33 2.1 Tong quan ve Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 33 1.2.2 2.1.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien 33 2.1.2 Co cau to chuc quan ly cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 34 2.2 Thue trang dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam giai doan 2001-2005 37 Quy mo va xu huong dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet 37 Nam Von va co cau nguon von dau tu phat trien 39 2.1.2 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 Noi dung dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khdng Viet Nam giai doan 2001-205 Danh gia thuc trang dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam Ket qua va hieu qua hoat dong dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam Nhung han che va nguyen nhan dau tu phat trien giai doan 20012005 ’ 47 67 67 77 Chuo’ng MOT SO GIAI PHAP DAY MANH DAU TU PHAT TRIEN TAI TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM TRONG DIEU kIeN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 3.1 Xu huong phat trien cua nganh hang khong va du bao thi truung van tai hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 3.1.1 Xu the tu hoa van tai hang khong khu vuc chau A - Thai binh duang 3.1.2 Nhung co hoi va thach thuc doi voi Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 3.1.3 Du bao thi truung van tai Hang khong Viet Nam 81 81 81 84 91 3.2 Quan diem va muc tieu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 94 3.2.1 Quan diem phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 94 3.2.2 Muc tieu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinn te quoc te 95 3.2.3 Nhu cuu von duu tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam giai doan 2006-2010 96 3.3 Mot so giai phap day manh dau tu phat trien tai Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 97 3.3.1 Hoan thien cong tac xay dung chien lupc, quy hoach lam co so dinh huong cho hoat dong dau tu 97 3.3.2 Giai phap duu tu phat trien nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh dap ung yeu cuu hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam 99 3.3.3 Giai phap tang cuung huy dong cac nguon von duu tu phat trien 108 3.3.4 Giai phap nang cao hieu qua duu tu phat trien 113 Ket luan 117 Danh muc Tai lieu tham khao 118 Danh muc cac bang, bieu, hinh ve, so” Danh muc bang Bang 2.1: Von dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty theo nguon von 39 Bang 2.2: Von dau tu huy dong tu von chu so huu cua Tong cong ty HKVN 41 Bang 2.3: Du no vay dai han cua Tong cong ty HKVN tai 31/12/2005 43 Bang 2.4: Quy mo va ty von vay tin dung cua Tong cong ty 44 Bang 2.5: Su dung cac khoan tin dung cua nha san xuat may bay 47 Bang 2.6: Quy mo von dau tu cua Tong cong ty HKVN theo noi dung dau tu 48 Bang 2.7: Co cau von dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty HKVN 49 >7 r Bang 2.8: Dau tu doi moi may moc thiet bi va cong nghe 50 Bang 2.9: Co cau von dau tu may bay giai doan 2001-2005 52 Bang 2.10: Von dau tu may moc thiet bi giai doan 2001-2005 54 Bang 2.11: Von dau tu xay dung nha xuong, vat kien true giai doandoan 2001-2005 55 Bang 2.12: Chi dao tao cua tong cong ty giai doan 2001 -2005 59 Bang 2.13: Ngan sach quang cao, xue tien thuong mai giai doan 2001-2005 63 Bang 2.14: Gia tri tai san co dinh huy dong giai doan 2001-2005 68 Bang 2.15: Quy mo va co cau so huu doi may baygiai doan 1995-2005 69 Bang 2.16: Ket qua van chuyen hanh khach va hang hoa giai doan 2001-2005 72 Bang 2.17: Hieu qua dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty HKVN 73 Bang 2.18: So sanh san lupng, doanh thu, tai san cua cac hang canh tranh 75 Bang 2.19: Thi phan va he so su dung ghe cua Tong cong ty HKVN 76 Bang 2.20: So sanh gia cube van chuyen chieu mot so duong bay chinh 77 Bang 3.1: Du bao thi truong van tai hanh khach cua Tong cong ty HKVN 93 Bang 3.2: Du bao thi truong van tai hang hoa cua Tong cong ty HKVN 94 Bang 3.3: Nhu cau von dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty HKVN 96 Danh muc thi Do thi 2.1: Quy mo von dau tn giai doan 2001-2005 cua Tong cong ty 37 Danh muc hinh Hinh 1.1: Co che tac dong tai ket qua va hieu qua dau tn 25 Hinh 2.1: Co cau von dau tv phat trien cua Tong cong ty HKVN 40 Hinh 2.2: Co cau nguon von dau tu xay dung nha xndng, vat kien true 56 Z Z A Hinh 2.3: Co cau nguon von dau tu cac du an dao tao phi cong 58 Hinh 3.1: Mo hinh SWOT cua Tong cong ty HKVN 90 Danh muc so’ So 2.1: Mo hinh to chuc Tong cong ty 36 TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGO CAO DAI MOT SO GIAI PHAP DAY MANH DAU TU* PHAT TRIEN TAI TONG CONG TY HANG KHONG VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE Z\' /V " CHUYEN NGANH KINH TE DAU TU LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • Ha Noi, Nam 2006 • " PHAN Md DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Toan cau hoa va khu vuc hoa da va dang tro mot nhung xu the phat trien chu yeu cua quan he quoc te hien dai Trong tien trinh nay, cac quoc gia - dac biet la cac nuoc dang phat trien - cang ap dung chinh sach mo cua va tu hoa thuong mai, dau tu va tai chinh De hoi nhap vao xu the chung, cac quoc gia deu phai dieu chinh chinh sach, giam dan hang rao thue quan, lam cho viec trao doi hang hoa, luan chuyen von, lao dong, cong nghe va ky thuat tren pham vi toan the gioi cang thong thoang hon Viet Nam cung khong the dung ngoai xu huong La mot nganh kinh te mui nhon cua quoc gia, voi vai tro la nhip cau noi Viet Nam voi the gioi cac hoat dong chinh tri, van hoa xa hoi, du lich va dac biet la cac hoat dong kinh te, Hang khong Viet Nam dong vai tro rat quan trong qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Viet Nam Trong xu the toan cau hoa, voi su anh huong cua xu huong mo cua hoa bau troi va tu hoa van tai hang khong khu vuc va tren the gioi, Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam dang dung truoc nhung thuan lqi va thach thuc rat lon viec phat trien mot hang Hang khong manh khu vuc De dung vung va phat trien va cang hoi nhap sau va thi truong van tai hang khong khu vuc va the gioi, Tong cong ty Hang khong phai co nhung dinh huong kinh r doanh dung dan, bat kip thi truong, nang cao nang luc canh tranh va hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh Doi voi mot doanh nghiep, cong tac dau tu phat trien giu vai tro vo cung quan trong, la co so de doanh nghiep ton tai va phat trien, xuat phat tu ly do, van de ”Mot so giai phap day manh dau tii phat trien tai Tong cong ty HKVN x r dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te” duqc lua chon lam Luan an Thac si kinh te chuyen nganh Kinh te dau tu voi hy vong dua cac giai phap dau tu phat trien de Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam co the tan dung duqc cac thoi co cung nhu vuqt qua cac thach thuc cua qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, phat trien Hang khong Viet Nam mot Hang Hang khong co tam co khu vuc va tren the gioi Muc dich nghien cuu Tren co so nhung van de ly luan chung ve hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va dau tu phat trien san xuat kinh doanh doanh nghiep, Luan van phan tich, danh gia r > r ■> r •> r r r r a r x x > A r r r x thuc trang cong tac dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam thdi gian qua, phan tich nhung thuan lqi va thach thuc cua Tong cdng ty Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, tu dua mot sd giai phap day manh dau tu phat trien tai Tong cong ty hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Doi tup’ng va pham vi nghien ciru x r \ r r r r r Cong tac dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam giai doan 2001-2005 va cac giai phap dau tu thoi gian tdi (tu 2006 tdi 2010) Phuong phap nghien cun Luan van su dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu: Phuong phap vat bien chung, vat lich su; phuong phap tong hop phan tich; phuong phap so sanh, phuong phap thdng ke, du bao Nhung dong gop cua luan van Luan van da he thong hoa ly luan chung ve hoi nhap kinh te quoc te; Xu hudng phat trien va tinh hinh canh tranh cua nganh Hang khong the gidi nghiep hang khong cung nhu he thong hoa cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua dau tu phat trien tai cac doanh nghiep van tai hang khong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te; Danh gia thuc trang cong tac dau tu phat trien cua Tong cong ty HKVN giai doan 2001-2005; Luan van da dua nhung giai phap nham day manh dau tu phat trien tai Tong cong ty HKVN nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tong cong ty HKVN dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, gop phan dua Tong cong ty HKVN trd mot hang hang khong co tarn co khu vuc cung nhu tren the gidi Ket cau cua luan van: Ngoai phan md dau va ket luan, Luan van cd ket cau gom chuong: Chuong 1: Mot so van de ly luan ve dau tu phat trien tai cac doanh nghiep hang khong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Chu’O’ng 2: Thuc trang dau tu phat trien cua Tong cdng ty Hang khong Viet Nam giai doan 2001-2005 Chu’O’ng 3: Mot so giai phap day manh dau tu phat trien tai Tong cdng ty Hang khong Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te r r x xx iii Chuang MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE DAU TU PHAT TRIEN TAI CAC DOANH NGHIEP HANG KHONG TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE \ r x a ~ 1.1 NGANH HANG KHONG DAN DUNG TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 1.1.1 TINH TAJ' YEU CUA HOI NHAP KINH TIE QUOC TIE l.l.l.l Khai niem va ban chat cua hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la su gan ket nen kinh te cua moi quoc gia vao cac to chuc hop tac kinh te khu vuc va toan cau, moi quan he giua cac nudc vien co su rang buoc theo nhung quy dinh chung cua khoi Noi mot cach khai quat nhat, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la qua trinh cac quoc gia thuc hien mo hinh kinh te md, tu nguyen tham gia vao cac dinh che kinh te va tai chinh quoc te, thuc hien thuan loi hoa va tu hoa thuong mai, dau tu va cac hoat dong kinh te doi ngoai khac, ve ban chat, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te duoc the hien d mot so mat sau day: Thu nhat, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la su dan xen, gan bo va phu thuoc lan giua cac nen kinh te quoc gia va nen kinh te the gidi; Thu hai, hoi nhap kinh te la qua trinh xoa bo tung budc va tung phan cac rao can ve thuong mai va dau tu giua cac quoc gia theo hudng tu hoa kinh te; Thu ba, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te mot mat tao dieu kien thuan loi mdi cho cac doanh nghiep san xuat kinh doanh, mat khac buoc cac doanh nghiep phai co nhung doi mdi de nang cao suc canh tranh tren thuong trudng; Thu tu la, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te tao dieu kien thuan loi cho viec thuc hien cac cong cuoc cai cach d cac quoc gia, nhung dong thdi cung la yeu cau, suc ep doi vdi cac quoc gia viec doi mdi va hoan thien the che kinh te, dac biet la cac chinh sach va phuong thuc quan ly vi mo; Thu nam, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te chinh la tao dung cac nhan to mdi va dieu kien mdi cho su phat trien cua tung quoc gia va cong dong quoc te tren co sd trinh phat trien cang cao va hien dai cua luc luong san xuat; Thu sau, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te chinh la su khoi thong cac dong chay nguon luc va ngoai nudc, tao dieu kien md rong thi trudng, chuyen giao cong nghe va cac kinh nghiem quan ly r f r \ r > r a r r r r z r 105 A B > + Xay dung de an de lap cdng ty lien doanh voi nuoc ngoai ve sua r a chua, dai tu may bay, dong co tai Viet Nam nham khai thac the manh cua doi tac ve cong nghe, trinh va kinh nghiem nham rut ngan thdi gian chuyen giao cdng nghe, nhanh chong dap ung nhu cau ve ky thuat may bay d Viet Nam r - a t r Ddi vdi dau tu phat trien he thdng thuong mai, dich vu Dau tu nham muc tieu tang nang luc he thdng ban va nang cao chat luong dich vu theo hudng: + Tap trung cung cd, tang nang lire cua he thdng ban, dac biet la he thdng ban ngoai nudc theo dinh hudng, su dung cd hieu qua cac kenh ban, ky thuat ban, phuong thuc toan san cd tren thi trudng; Tap trung nang cao chat lupng, nang luc cua doi ngu can bo-nhan vien cua cac Van phong khu vuc, Van phong chi nhanh; Trien khai chuong trinh e-ticket theo dung tien do Hiep hoi van tai hang khdng the gidi de + Nang cap chat lupng dich vu phuc vu hanh khach dat tieu chuan ngang tam cac hang hang khdng khu vuc va the gidi Chat lupng dich vu dat muc kha (diem trd len) va ddng deu moi linh vuc Dich vu mang tinh on dinh, ben vung, the hien dupc ban sac dan toe Viet Nam Co cau chi phi dich vu hop ly cd uu tien diem de dam bao tinh canh tranh 3.3,2.4 Dau tw phat trien nguon nhan luc Cdng tac dau tu phat trien nguon nhan luc giai doan 2006-2010 a a r a r nham cac muc dich: xay dung dpi ngu lao dong du ve sd lupng, hop ly ve co cau; trien dpi ngu can bo quan ly co ban linh chinh tri, co dao due, dupc dao tao co ban va co trinh nghiep vu tot, gidi ngoai ngu, tin hoc, nam vung khoa hoc va kinh nghiem quan ly; co chinh sach phu hop de gan ngudi lao dong voi Tdng cdng ty; phat huy cao yeu td ngudi de lam nguon luc quan nhat cho su phat trien vung chac va hieu qua cua Tdng cdng ty Ddi vdi cdng tac dau tu phat trien nguon nhan luc, dac biet chu dao tao dpi ngu ngudi lai may bay, tiep vien hang khdng va thp ky thuat de dam bao khai thac co hieu qua va an toan sd lupng may bay hien dai va cang tang cua Tdng cdng ty Theo giai doan 2006-2010, Tdng cdng ty can: 106 Thu nhat, xay dung doi ngu ngudi lai tau bay co chat luong cao, dap ung 80-90% nhu cau khai thac doi tau bay cua Tong cong ty, duoc dao tao co ban, duoc ren luyen ve moi mat, vung vang ve chinh tri, co kien thuc can thiet ve kinh te, van hoa-xa hoi va gan bo voi Tong cong ty Trong cac nam tdi, can chu dau tu dao tao, huan luyen, chuyen loai tau bay cho phi cdng tai cac trung tam r r ,A dao tao ldn tren the gidi, ket hop vdi dao tao trinh bay co ban nudc, tien tdi tu dao tao, huan luyen nudc theo tieu chuan qudc te De day nhanh tien dao tao phi cdng co ban, Tdng cdng ty cung nen ap dung chinh sach xa hoi hoa cdng tac dao tao phi cdng co ban, theo hoc vien cd the tu bo tien lay bang phi cdng, Tdng cdng ty tuyen dung va hoan tra kinh phi dao tao qua trinh lam viec tai Tdng cdng ty Thu hai, xay dung doi ngu lao dong ky thuat tu so cap den dai hoc, duoc dao tao co ban theo chuyen nganh ky thuat hang khdng d cac co sd nudc va nudc ngoai Luc luong ky thuat bao dam tu to chuc khai thac va bao duong ky thuat doi may bay cua Vietnam Airlines, tung budc cung ung cac dich vu ky thuat cho cac hang hang khdng khu vuc; tuan thu cac quy dinh cua nha chuc trach hang khdng, dap ung cac tieu chuan qudc te ve bao dudng; duoc dao tao co ban, du chung chi va cd trinh ngoai ngu thich hop Thu ba, xay dung doi ngu tiep vien du ve sd Iuong, duoc dao tao co ban va dinh ky ve chuyen mon, ngoai ngu; cd sue khoe tot, ngoai hinh phu hop de phuc vu tren cac chuyen bay nudc va qudc te cua Vietnam Airlines dap ung cac tieu chuan, quy trinh khai thac cua Vietnam Airlines va cua qudc te; yeu nghe, r yen tam gan bo vdi Tdng cdng ty Ben canh do, cd phuong an cu the de phat trien dong bo doi ngu can bo quan ly-dieu hanh, luc luong lao dong thuoc cac linh vuc khac, duoc dao tao nudc va nudc ngoai theo trinh phu hop vdi yeu cau cdng viec, dupe bo x r r tuc, chuyen loai theo yeu cau cua vi tri cdng tac; han che tdi da viec su dung lao dong trai vdi nganh nghe dupe dao tao; sir dung lao dong theo yeu cau cua cdng viec tren co sd xac dinh he thong chuc danh va cap bac cdng viec cho moi doi tuong lao dong 107 3.3.2.5 Dau tu* phat trien khoa hoc cong nghe Hoi nhap quoc te tao dieu kien de Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam r a B e tiep can va ung dung cac cong nghe hien dai cua nganh hang khong the gidi Hien nay, so vdi yeu cau phat trien va trinh chung cua khu vuc va the gidi thi A f Tong cdng ty Hang khdng Viet Nam van d muc thap ve trinh khoa hoc cdng nghe Neu khdng lam chu dupc khoa hoc cdng nghe, Tdng cdng ty Hang khdng Viet Nam se phai chi phi rat ldn de thue chuyen gia va dich vu nude ngoai, nguy co ldn hon la hoan toan le thuoc vao nude ngoai, mat uu the canh tranh quoc te Do vay, Tdng cdng ty can tiep tuc dau tu phat trien khoa hoc cdng nghe va thuc hien theo hudng sau Phai danh gia lai toan bo he thong cdng nghe thong tin hien cd, xu hudng phat trien theo md hinh thuong mai dien tu de tir xac dinh ke hoach va danh muc dau tu tiep theo Dac biet, phai sir dung cac tu van ma doi tac nhu IBM, UNIYS da cung cap Di thang vao cdng nghe mdi nhat, tham khao kinh nghiem cac hang hang khdng tien tien linh vuc khoa hoc cdng nghe Nhanh chong lap cdng ty cd phan tin hoc hang khdng, hoan thien cac quy trinh dau tu, quan ly khai thac cac he thong thong tin tin hoc toan Tdng cdng ty Hang khdng Viet Nam Gianh nhieu kinh phi hon nua cho dau tu khoa hoc cdng nghe Can quan tam tinh toan hieu qua kinh te cua hoat dong dau tu vao linh vuc Nhin lai nhung nam qua, tdng sd vdn dau tu cho khoa hoc va cdng nghe van qua nho be Kinh nghiem cua mot sd TCT 91 cho thay mdi nam tdng sd vdn dau tu cho khoa hoc va cdng nghe len tdi hang tram ty ddng Nhu vay, can trien khai nhanh chong cac du an dau tu khoa hoc cdng nghe cua nganh \ r Dau tu phat trien cdng nghe theo hudng di thang vao cdng nghe tien tien cua the gidi Tiep tuc chu dau tu cho cdng nghe hang khdng cua Tay Au va Bac My Cdng tac dau tu cho khoi ky thuat gan vdi muc tieu chuyen giao cdng nghe khai thac va bao dudng sua chua may bay, theo viec tiep thu chuyen giao cdng nghe tir nude ngoai dupc gan vdi cac nhiem vu khai thac va bao dudng may bay cua Tdng cdng ty de tiet kiem chi phi trudc mat va tao hieu qua lau dai Cdng tac chuyen giao cdng nghe phai dat tdi ket qua cuoi cung la bao dam cho Tdng 108 cong ty du nang lire va co sd phap ly de lam chu cong nghe khai thac, bao duong doi may bay dang khai thac va tung budc tien tdi xuat khau dich vu cho cac hang hang khdng nudc ngoai Xem xet kha nang lien doanh vdi nudc ngoai lap cdng ty lien doanh sua chua bao dudng dong co, phu tung va may bay vdi thi trudng chu yeu la cac hang hang khdng khu vuc Dinh hudng dau tu khoa hoc cdng nghe uu tien cho phuc vu dieu hanh va khai thac: dat chd, ban ve, khach hang thudng xuyen, tim kiem hanh ly, quan tri ke toan, quan ly ky thuat va vat tu Uu tien cho chuong trinh thuong mai dien tu dd tap trung vao ve dien tu theo yeu cau cua Hiep hoi van tai hang khdng qudc te (IATA) Phat trien cdng nghe thdng tin theo hudng di thang vao cdng nghe tien tien hien dai ngang tam khu vuc va the gidi; tiep thu chuyen giao cdng nghe cua nudc ngoai, ddng thdi tang nang luc noi sinh de phat trien cdng nghe thdng tin Trien khai quy hoach tdng the phat trien cdng nghe thdng tin cua Tdng cdng ty Unisys xay dung, tu van cho Tdng cdng ty tren ca hai vai tro tham gia true tiep qua trinh kinh doanh va phuc vu qua trinh quan ly dieu hanh Ddi mdi va nang cap toan bo he thdng cdng nghe thdng tin cua Tdng cong ty; ddng bo hoa va tieu chuan hoa he thdng nay, bao dam phat trien can doi giua tang ky thuat vdi he thdng chuong trinh ung dung, can ddi giua phan cung vdi phan mem va bao dam giao dien cao nhat giua cac linh vuc hoat dong cua Tdng cdng ty va ket noi de dang vdi cac he thdng ben ngoai, dap ung yeu cau hop tac lien minh hang khdng r a He thdng cdng nghe thdng tin cua Tdng cdng ty phai la mot he thdng md, thoa man cac tieu chuan Internet va ho tro dac luc cho thuong mai dien tu, dam bao nam 2007 se hoan cdng tac ban ve dien tu tren toan the gidi Dau tu xay dung doi ngu can bo hoat dong khoa hoc va cdng nghe du manh, gidi ve chuyen mon, nhiet tinh vdi su nghiep phat trien khoa hoc va cdng nghe 3.3.3 GIAI PHAP TANG CLJ()NG HUY DONG CAC NGUON VON DAU TU* PHAT TRIEN Trong giai doan 2006-2010, nhu cau vdn dau tu cua Tdng cdng ty Hang khdng la 25.404,9 ty ddng, chien lupc phat trien doi may bay tdi 2010 doi hoi luqng vdn dau tu la 19.261,7 ty VND tuong duong 1.150,4 trieu USD 109 Tdng cdng ty Hang khdng Viet Nam can cd mot chien luoc vdn hop ly tren co so da dang hoa ngudn vdn gan vdi su dung hieu qua vdn Thuc hien da dang hoa cho doi may bay va trang thiet bi mat dat ddng bo, cho phep Tdng cdng ty khai thac cd hieu qua hon thi trudng van tai hang khdng nudc va qudc te cung nhu tao dieu kien vat chat va ky thuat quan de tang cuong kha nang canh tranh cua Tdng cdng ty Hang khdng Viet Nam Doi vdi viec huy dong vdn dau tu, Tdng cdng ty luon nhan thuc vai tro cua viec huy dong vdn dau tu tu noi lire bdi ngudn vdn nudc la quyet dinh Cac ngudn vdn nudc ma Tdng cdng ty cd the huy dong la: ngudn ngan sach nha nudc loi dung vi the cua hang Hang khdng qudc gia; ngudn vdn tu co duoc tu r r •> quy khau hao va lpi nhuan de lai thong qua viec tri hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh on dinh va d muc cao ddng thdi vdi viec quan ly, su dung cd hieu qua cac nguon vdn hien cd; ngudn tin dung vay cac ngan hang nudc; ngudn vdn tu cd phan hoa Tuy nhien, nhu cau vdn dau tu cao, cac ngudn vdn nudc ? r r •> r x chi cd the cung cap mot lupng vdn khiem ton va dupe su dung de uu tien dau tu cho cac du an co sd tang ky thuat, cac trung tam dieu hanh, giao dich, ddng cac ngudn vdn chi dap ung dupe 30% tdng nhu cau vdn dau tu, tuong duong 7.600 ty ddng Trong giai doan 2006-2010, Tdng cdng ty can "chu dong hoi nhap kinh te r r x x r qudc te va khu vice theo tinh than phat huy tdi da noi lyc, dong thdi tranh thu X x nguon lice ben ngoai dephat trien nhanh, cd hieu qua va ben vung ”[8], theo da dang hoa ngudn vdn dau tu co nghia la Tdng cdng ty can huy dong tdi da moi ngudn luc tai chinh de dam bao tu can doi mot phan vdn va tang them tinh chu dong, dac biet la tan dung co hoi tir hoi nhap qudc te de thu hut ngudn vdn dau tu x r r r x r x tir ben ngoai, ngudn vdn dac biet quan trong, giai quyet da sd nhu cau vdn dau tu cua Tdng cdng ty 110 3.3.3.1.Von vay tin dung nuoc ngoai Do dac diem cua dau tu may bay la luong von dau tu rat lon, cac nguon r > r a ' a von nuoc chi co kha nang tai tro mot phan rat nho, nguon von dau tu huy dong thong qua viec vay tin dung nuoc ngoai co vai trd rat quan Trong huy dong vdn thong qua vay tin dung nuoc ngoai can luu y rang vay tin dung thuong mai ngan han cua cac ngan hang nude ngoai nhin chung la r r \ a co lai suat cao, nen can han che chi ap dung de dau tu cho cac chuong trinh san xuat-kinh doanh vdi quy md khdng ldn va kha nang thu hoi vdn nhanh Mot dac diem cua dau tu phat trien cua Tdng cdng ty hang khdng la vay vdn tin dung thudng kern theo mua cdng nghe, trudc het la de phat trien doi may bay, vi vay can tan dung yeu to de tim cac ngudn vay tin dung vdi cac dieu kien uu dai ve lai suat va tien tra no Trong viec tai trp vdn dau tu may bay, hinh thuc vay vdn thong qua tin dung xuat khau cua cac ngan hang thuong mai nude ngoai cua cac nude cung cap may bay la co hoi ldn de Tdng cdng ty dap ung khoi luong ldn vdn dau tu doi may bay Trong giai doan 2006-2010, chien lupc dau tu may bay cua Tdng cdng ty HKVN tap trung vao hai loai may bay cua nha san xuat Boeing cua My va /A A Airbus cua chau Au, cac to chuc tin dung xuat khau cua cac nude nhu EXIM Bank cua My va COFACE, ECGD, HERMES cua chau Au san sang tai trp de r a a mua may bay Airbus va Boeing tdi da tdi 85% gia tri dau tu may bay vdi cac dieu kien uu dai nhu thdi han vay no tdi da 12 nam, chi phi vay vdn co the thuc hien theo phuong an: (1) : Lai suat cd dinh ddi vdi khoan vay 10 nam dupc tinh bang TB+1,2%; AAA _ ' Lai suat cd dinh ddi vdi khoan vay 12 nam dupc tinh bang TB+1,75% Trong TB la lai suat chiet khau trung binh 10 nam cua trai phieu kho bac My FED cdng bo (2) : Lai suat tha noi dupc tinh cho cac khoan vay 12 nam la LIBOR+Max 0,8%, cac khoan phi bao hiem rui ro da dupc tinh lai suat cho vay A A AAA Ben canh do, viec huy dong vdn dau tu may bay bang ngudn vdn tin dung xuat khau se tan dung dupc su ung ho cua cac to chuc tin dung xuat khau va la dieu kien de thuc day sir canh tranh cua cac nha san xuat may bay Ill Can cu vao cac chi so tai chinh cua Tong cong ty giai doan hien nay, cac dieu kien cho vay tin dung xuat khau se gap mot so kho khan ty le giua vay no dai han va von chu so huu cao Tuy nhien, xet ve tong the thi chi phi huy dong vdn thdng qua tin dung xuat khau van thap hon nhieu so vdi cac phuong an vay thuong mai khac tren thi trudng vdn va ngoai nudc De cd the dat duqc khoan vay tdi da 85% gia tri vdn dau tu may bay vdi thdi han uu dai 12 nam, ben canh nhung nd luc cua ban than Tdng cdng ty de nang cao hieu qua hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, Tdng cdng ty can kien nghi Thu tudng Chinh phu giao Bo Tai chinh bao lanh mien phi cac khoan vdn vay tai trq dau tu doi may bay (vdn vay tin dung xuat khau va cac khoan vay thuong mai r r a vay nudc ngoai Theo du kien, giai doan 2006-2010, tdng nguon vdn huy dong tu tin dung xuat khau dir kien dat khoang 15.000 -16.000 ty ddng 3.3.3.2 Phat hanh trai phieu qudc te Trong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te, hinh thuc phat hanh trai phieu qudc te la mot kenh huy dong vdn quan trong, dac biet doi vdi cac dir an dau tu cd quy md ldn va ddi vdi cac nudc cd tin nhiem cao va cd rui ro thap De Tdng cdng ty phai cd du an dau tu hieu qua va phai tien hanh dam phan va ky r a hop ddng phat hanh trai phieu thdng qua cac td chuc tai chinh trung gian d nudc ngoai La mot Tdng cdng ty manh cua dat nudc, vdi thuong hieu Vietnam r r Airlines da tung budc duoc khang dinh tren thi trudng khu vuc va qudc te, vdi nhung co hoi phat trien san xuat kinh doanh rat ldn boi canh hoi nhap kinh r r r t \ •> te qudc te, Tdng cdng ty hoi du cac dieu kien de thuc hien phuong an phat hanh trai phieu qudc te Khi thuc hien phuong an nay, Tdng cdng ty phai thuc hien chi phi vdn bao gom chi phi tra lai trai phieu va khoan chi phi bao hiem rui ro, chi phi phat hanh phai tra cho cac td chuc tai chinh trung gian nudc ngoai Mdi day, dai dien nhom tu van xep hang cua Citigroup da nhan dinh: co hoi de cac doanh nghiep cung nhu Chinh phu Viet Nam phat hanh trai phieu tm trudng qudc te 3, nam tdi la rat ldn vi lai suat toan cau dang d thdi diem thap ky luc lich su; phi thu duqc tir dich vu rui ro tin dung tiep tuc giam va cong vdi dd la viec bat chap dieu kien thi trudng the gidi bien dong 112 lan phat hanh trai phieu qudc te cua Viet Nam hoi thang 11/2005 da duoc thi trudng tiep nhan mot each nong nhiet Vdi viec, 7/9, To chuc chuyen xep hang tai chinh Standard & Poor’s (S&P) thong bao quyet dinh nang he sd tin nhiem cua Viet Nam them mot muc len BB, cao hon bac so vdi Phillipines va Indonesia, Tdng cdng ty se cd lpi the viec huy dong ngudn vdn Trong giai doan 2006-2010, vdi nhu cau vdn dau tu rat ldn, Tdng cdng can tich cue tim hieu kha nang phat hanh trai phieu qudc te tai cac thi trudng tai chinh phat trien khac nhu London, NewYork, Tokyo de tim kiem ngudn vdn vdi chi phi canh tranh nhat thu vdn tai tro' phat trien chinh thuc ODA Tranh 3.3.3.3 \ ’ r r thu cac co hoi de thu hut cac ngudn vdn ODA, vdn hop tac va ho trp cua cac to r r r f chuc qudc te, cac nha san xuat va cung ung Theo chu truong cua Tdng cdng ty, x \ r r b ben canh ngudn ngan sach nha nuoc, ngudn vdn ODA chu yeu danh de phat trien ket cau tang nhu dau tu san may bay, ddng thdi thuc hien cac chuong trinh dao tao, huan luyen va trp giup ky thuat - cdng nghe Tdng cdng ty Hang khdng Ngoai ra, Tdng cdng ty cung can tan dung cac hop ddng mua may bay lam dieu kien de huy dong ngudn vdn ODA tir cac qudc gia san xuat may bay Noi chung, quy md thu hut vdn ODA giai doan 2006-2010 khdng lon, chua the tai trp da sd cho cac du an dau tu may bay, nhien, ngudn vdn se gop cua Tdng cdng ty, tao dieu kien tap trung vdn dau tu phat trien dpi may bay va la ngudn tai trp quan cho cac du an dao tao 3.3.3.4 Vdn tir lien doanh, lien ket voi nude ngoai \ r \ r Gia tri cua ngudn vdn tuy khdng lon cung se gop phan nhat dinh giai quyet nhung kho khan ve vdn cho Tdng cdng ty Doi vdi Tdng cdng ty hang khdng Viet Nam lien doanh nham cac muc tieu theo thu tu sau: 1) Chuyen giao cdng nghe va kha nang quan ly tien tien; 2) Gia tang vdn dau tu Thuc vay, y nghia cua cdng nghe va kha nang quan ly la d cho dieu kien canh tranh qudc te cang gay gat, viec tao dupe uu the ve cdng nghiep cang co y nghia quyet dinh tdi su ton tai va phat trien cua cac doanh nghiep hang khdng, the nhung neu khdng cd kha nang quan ly tot thi viec tiep nhan cdng nghe chi 113 mang tinh chat hinh thuc be ngoai Thong qua lien doanh voi cac nude co trinh phat trien cao hon, Tdng cdng ty se cd dieu kien thuan loi phat trien nhay vot, rut ngan khoang each tut hau so vdi the gidi Vi cac le do, ty le gop vdn cua Tdng cdng ty hang khdng Viet Nam khdng r the dudi 50%, ddi vdi nhung linh vuc chung ta khdng can vdn nude ngoai a < ma chu yeu chi can cdng nghe thi ty le cd the len den 70% hoac cao hon Trong giai doan 2006-2010, Tdng cdng ty se phan dau de hoan de an lap cdng ty lien doanh vdi nude ngoai ve sua chua, dai tu may bay, dong co tai Viet Nam nham khai thac the manh cua doi tac ve cdng nghe, trinh va kinh nghiem nham rut ngan thdi gian chuyen giao cdng nghe, nhanh chong dap ung nhu cau ve ky thuat may bay d Viet Nam Tom lai, da dang hoa ngudn vdn la mot chien lupc quan va cd tinh kha thi ddi vdi Tdng cdng ty hang khdng, do, cho du cac ngudn vdn ngan sach nha nude cap, vien trp chinh phu va vdn tich luy la re hon ca, nhung kha nang cua cac ngudn rat han che; Vay vdn tin dung nude ngoai, phat hanh trai phieu quoc te se gay nen mot sd kho khan viec tra np, nhung se la ngudn huy dong chu yeu va dai han cua Tdng cdng ty Hang khdng 3.3.4 CAC GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAU TU PHAt TRIEN Cung vdi thuc hien cac giai phap ve huy dong vdn, nang cao hieu qua dau tu cd y nghia quan doi vdi phat trien kinh te cua nude ta hien noi chung va cua Tdng cdng ty HKVN noi rieng Hieu qua dau tu cao la tin hieu de thu hut, huy dong cac ngudn vdn dau tu, ngupc lai viec day manh dau tu luon luon phai di ddi vdi nang cao hieu qua dau tu thi hoat dong day manh dau tu mdi cd y 114 S\ < A r A 3.3.4.I Hoan thien va nang cao chat luong cong tac lap dir an dau tu* Lap du an dau tu la cong viec cua cong tac chuan bi dau tu va co anh hudng quan tdi hieu qua dau tu cua doanh nghiep Viec lap du an dau tu phai dam bao theo dung trinh tu Mot du an dau tu duoc dieu tra nghien cuu cang chi tiet, chinh xac thi giai doan thuc hien se de dang, nhanh chong va ket qua hoat dong dau tu se duoc dam bao Chi tren co sd nghien cuu ky cac yeu to thi trudng, tai chinh, ky thuat, to chuc quan ly va loi l'ch kinh te xa hoi cua du an thi cac quyet dinh dau tu mdi chinh xac, du an mdi co hieu qua cao Hien nay, mot so du an cua Tong cong ty mang nang tinh hinh thuc, lap du an chi la de hop thuc hoa cac thu tuc dau tu hoac chi de xin phep dau tu viec thuc hien dau tu sau lai hoan toan khac De co duoc mot du an co chat luong, Tong cong ty can to chuc cac ldp tap huan, dao tao nang cao kien thuc ve dau tu va quan ly dau tu cho doi ngu can bo, tu mdi co duoc mot ngu can bo lap du an co trinh J /v A A chuyen mon cao A A 3.3.4.2 Doi moi cong tac quan ly dau tu giai doan thuc hien dau tu: Quan ly dau tu giai doan thuc hien dau tu co anh hudng quan den hieu qua hoat dong dau tu cua Tong cong ty va co the thuc hien thong qua cac bien phap: (1) Nang cao chat luong cong tac lap ke hoach dau tu hang nam, cac du an duoc phe duyet phai phu hop vdi dinh hudng phat trien cua Tong cong A A r A ty; Viec bo tri von dau tu can tuan thu nguyen tac tap trung, co diem tu tranh duoc tinh trang dau tu phan tan, dan trai, khong dong bo va keo dai thdi gian thuc hien du an; von dau tu cua tong cong ty nen tap trung, uu tien cho cac du an, cong trinh dang trien khai dd dang de hoan sdm, rut ngan thdi gian thuc hien, nhanh chong dua ket qua du an vao hoat dong (2) Nghiem chinh thuc A A A A A A A hien Luat dau thau de tiet kiem von dau tu, nang cao hieu qua von dau tu: (3) Tang cudng cong tac kiem tra, giam sat va danh gia du an cua cac co quan, don • A rp A * J J A * ' ' I A • r r 1 A • A • A vi thuoc Tong cong ty Cong tac giam sat gom giam sat khoi luong cong viec thuc hien, gia tri cong trinh, tien thuc hien du an 3.3.4.3 Nang cao nang luc quan ly dau tu cua Tong cong ty De nang cao nang luc quan ly dau tu trudc het can tap trung dao tao, nang cao trinh cua doi ngu can bo hoach dinh chinh sach, chien luoc dau tu, tham dinh va quan ly du an dau tu 115 Hoan thien cac quy dinh noi bo Tong cong ty ve quan ly dau tu va r \ y r ■> y dau thau theo huong don gian hoa ve thu tuc nham day nhanh tien tham dinh va phe duyet cac du an dau tu dong thdi van phai dam bao chat che hieu qua dau tu cua du an Tien hanh phan cap manh me cho cac doanh nghiep vien tren co so danh gia nang luc cua bo may lam cong tac dau tu, quy md cung nhu tinh phuc tap cua tung du an cu the Ben canh do, cac giai phap ve doi mdi co che, chinh sach va bien phap tu phia Nha nudc dong vai tro het sue quan trong viec nang cao hieu qua dau tu cua doanh nghiep, dac biet la doanh nghiep Nha nudc De nang cao hieu qua yr r r y dau tu doi vdi doanh nghiep Nha nudc, phai giai quyet duoc van de mang tinh co che: la ngudi chiu trach nhiem cuoi cung ve hieu qua dau tu cua doanh nghiep Do cung vdi hoan thien co che chung, can cd nhung quy dinh ca the hoa trach nhiem vat chat viec de xuat du an, tham dinh va phe duyet du an, quyet dinh dau tu, quyet dinh cho vay vdn; gan trach nhiem cua ngudi to chuc thuc hien du an vdi trach nhiem van hanh ket qua dau tu Cac giai phap neu tren se dam bao gan trach nhiem cua cac can bo duoc giao quan ly dau tu doi vdi cdng tac thuc hien dau tu cua cac don vi, dam bao quy trinh, thu tuc dau tu duoc thuc thi chat che, dung thu tuc, tu han che dupe y r that thoat qua trinh thuc hien dau tu Vi du, Tdng cdng ty HKVN co nganh nghe kinh doanh da dang (ky thuat may bay, ky thuat-dich vu mat dat ), mdi can bo dau tu duoc giao nhiem vu quan ly dau tu cua mot don vi nao can tim hieu hoac duoc dao tao ve linh vuc kinh doanh cua don vi, tir mdi cd kha nang tham dinh cac du an, cac goi thau don vi thuc hien 33.4.4 Nang cao hieu qua sir dung vdn dau tu1 Nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn dau tu trudc het phai nham vao muc tieu ngan chan su that thoat, lang phi sir dung vdn Do phai lua chon cac du an quan de dau tu tap trung, tranh dau tu dan trai, keo dai thdi gian hoan z r r ' cdng trinh Viec bo tri ke hoach tap trung la rat kho khan nhung can kien quyet thuc hien nham chain dirt tinh trang no dong tran lan dau tu xay dung co ban 116 Trong qua trinh tham dinh du an, can xem xet, danh gia ky luong hieu qua cua du an tren co so tinh toan chi tiet cac chi tieu xac dinh hieu qua tai chinh cua du an nhu IRR, NPV cung cac chi tieu doanh thu, chi phi va lpi nhuan Chuyen co che quan ly von tir hinh thuc quan ly hanh chinh sang quan ly theo phuong there dau tu tai chinh, kinh doanh von thong qua cac dinh che tai chinh va dau tu (cac ngan hang, cong ty tai chinh, cac quy dau tu ) Tang cudng viec quan ly, bao toan va phat trien von thong qua cac co che, chinh sach tai chinh ddng thdi voi viec tham gia rong va sau hon vao thi trudng vdn quoc te Thuc hien va hoan thien quy trinh quan ly cac du an dau tu phat trien nham bao dam cho su phat trien ben vung, cd hieu qua va tiet kiem vdn dau tu y yr r y Xay dung chinh sach ve su dung tiet kiem va cd hieu qua ngudn vdn dau tu Cdng tac danh gia hieu qua su dung tai san sau qua trinh dau tu can dupc quan tam de dam bao cho viec dau tu thuc su co hieu qua va phat huy tac dung tren thuc te; r r yr Thuc hien cac giai phap tiet kiem va giam qui md vdn luu dong can thiet A A A kinh doanh voi nhieu bien phap: thuc hien quan ly tien te toan cau; tap trung toan; tdi uu hoa du tru kho; tang nhanh vong quay cua vdn; giam tien du tru tren tai khoan Trong dau tu mua may moc thiet bi chuyen nganh hang khdng can cd bien phap xay dung hoac ddi tac lau dai de vua dam bao dau tu ddng bo cac trang thiet bi, vua tao su canh tranh giua cac nha cung cap Ben canh do, tan dung dupc r r r uu the cua viec mua sam vdi sd luong lon, cd kha nang tra cham 117 Ket luan Van tai hang khong la mot nganh kinh te ky thuat quan trong, co vai trd cang ldn nen kinh te quoc dan Khdng chi phuc vu luu thdng hanh khach, hang hoa vdi tu each la mot phuong tien van tai cdng cong giua cac dia phuong nudc va qudc te, Hang khdng Viet Nam phuc vu qudc phong, an ninh va cac nhiem vu chinh tri khac Dang va Nha nudc giao Trong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te, mdi trudng kinh doanh cua Tdng cong ty da thay doi mot each can ban, hoi Tdng cdng ty HKVN can phai cd nhung giai phap kinh doanh huu hieu de nang cao nang luc canh tranh va hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh Ddi chieu vdi muc dich nghien cuu, Luan van da dat dupc ket qua nhu sau: r a r r r •> He thdng hoa ly luan chung ve hoi nhap kinh te qudc te va quan diem cua Viet Nam ve van de hoi nhap; Lam ro dupc xu hudng phat trien va tinh hinh canh tranh cua nganh Hang khdng the gidi dieu kien hoi nhap; Lam ro van de ly luan ve dau tu phat trien tai cac doanh nghiep hang khdng cung nhu he thdng hoa cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua dau tu phat trien tai cac doanh nghiep van tai hang khdng dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te; r J ZA r ZA r ZA Tren co sd muc tieu phat trien cua Tdng cdng ty giai doan hoi nhap kinh te qudc te sap tdi, Luan van da dua nhung giai phap nham day manh dau tu phat trien tai Tdng cdng ty HKVN nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua Tdng cdng ty HKVN dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te, gop phan dua Tdng cdng ty HKVN trd mot hang hang khdng manh khu vuc cung nhu tren the gidi 118 Danh mu• c Tai lie• u tham khao Tieng Viet Ban Ke hoach ddu tu-Tong cong ty Hang khong Viet Nam: Bao cao tinh hinh 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