Đầu tư phát triển tại công ty tnhh một thành viên cảng hải phòng giai đoạn 2006 2020

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ - DAI HQCKTQD TT THONG TIN TH If VI$N PHONG LUAN AN-TU LIEU BUI THI THU HOAl DAU TIT PHAT TRIEN TAI CONG TY TNHH MOT THANH VIEN ■ ■ CANG HAI PHONG GIAI DOAN 2006 - 2020 ■ CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH t£ dAu TU LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TfS • • 7T/S 7&Z Ngitdi htfdng dan khoa hoc: TS NGUYfiN h6nG MINH HA NOI, NAM 2012 ■ LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la luan van dirge thirc hien doc lap cua ban than vdi sir giup cua giao vien hirong dan Nhirng thong tin, so lieu, dir lieu dua luan van dugc trich dan ro rang, day du ve nguon goc Qua trinh thu thap va xu ly dir lieu cua ca nhan dam bao khach quan va trung thuc Tac gia Bui Thi Thu Hoai LOI CAM ON Luan van duoc thuc hien duoi su huong dan tan tinh cua TS Nguyen Hong Minh va su chi dan cua cac thay co giao khoa Dau tu, cac anh chi dong nghiep, tren co so kien thuc cua cac mon hoc khoa hoc va kinh nghiem thuc te tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong Toi xin gui lbi chan cam on toi cac thay co giao, cac anh chi dong nghiep va dac biet la bay to long cam on sau sac den thay giao TS Nguyen Hong Minh da tan tinh huong dan, giup toi hoan luan van MUC • LUC • LOI CAM DOAN LOI CAM ON MUC LUC DANH MUC TU’ VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAIN i LOI MO DAU CHUONG 1: KHAI QUAT VE NOI DUNG NGHIEN cCu 1.1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai 1.2 Muc dich nghien cuu 1.3 Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu 1.4 Phuong phap nghien cuu 1.6 Dong gop cua luan van 1.7 Ket cau cua luan van CHUONG : LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU PHAT TRIEN 2.1 Mot so van de ve doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien 2.2 Dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien 2.2.1 Khai niem va vai tro cua dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien 2.2.2 Dac diem cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep cang bien 10 2.2.3 Noi dung dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien 11 2.2.4 Nguon von dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep cang bien 18 2.2.5 Su can thiet phai tien hanh dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien Viet Nam 20 2.2.6 Cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua dau tu phat trien tai cac doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien 21 2.3 Cac nhan to anh huong den hoat dong dau tu- phat trien doanh nghiep cang bien 23 2.4 Kinh nghiem dau tir phat trien tai doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien cua mot so nude 27 2.4.1 Kinh nghiem dau tu phat trien cua doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien d Singapore .27 2.4.2 Kinh nghiem dau tu phat trien cua doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien crNhat 28 2.4.3 Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho cac doanh nghiep cang bien Viet Nam 29 CHl/ONG 3: THUC TRANG DAU TU* PHAT TRIEN TAI CONG TY TNHH MOT THANH VIEN CANG HAI PHONG 30 3.1 Khai quat ve Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong .J 30 3.1.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua Cong ty 30 3.1.2 Chuc nang nhiem vu va sor to chuc hoat dong cua Cong ty 32 3.1.3 Dinh huong phat trien cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 33 3.2 Phan tich tinh hinh dau tu- phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong giai doan 2006-2020 35 3.2.1 Su can thiet tien hanh dau tu phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 35 3.2.2 Tinh hinh thuc hien qui mo von dau tu tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 38 3.2.3 Von dau tu phat trien cua Cong ty phan theonguon von 39 3.2.4 Von dau tu phat trien Cong ty phan theo cac noi dungdau tu 41 3.2.5 Quy trinh thuc hien dau tu tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng giai doan 2006 - 2020 59 3.3 Danh gia tinh hinh dau tir phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng 68 3.3.1 Ket qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng 68 3.3.2 Hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng 74 3.3.3 Danh gia chung ve cong va han che cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong tu 2006 - 2011 77 CHLONG 4: MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT DAU TU PHAT TRIEN TAI • DONG • • CONG TY TNHH MTV CANG HAI PHONG 83 4.1 Muc tieu phat trien Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong den nam 2020 83 4.1.1 Muc tieu den nam 2020 cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 83 4.1.2 Ke hoach dau tu phat trien Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong den nam 2020 85 4.1.3 Nhung co hoi va thach thuc viec dau tu phat trien cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 86 4.2 Cac giai phap nang cao hieu qua dau tu’ phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 88 4.2.1 Giai phap ve nguon von dau tu 88 4.2.2 Giai phap dau tu nang cao chat luqng nguon nhan luc 93 A 4.2.3 Dau tu ung dung cong nghe thong tin vao he thong quan ly 95 r 4.2.4 Dau tu xay dung co ban 96 4.2.5 Dau tu vao hoat dong Marketing 100 4.3 Mot so de xuat kien nghi 101 KET LUAN 102 DANH MUC TAI LIEU TH AM KHAO 103 DANH MUC TV VIET TAT Ky hieu Dien giai CFS Container Freight Station DN Doanh nghiep DWT Dead Weight Tonnage FDI Foreign Direct Investment MTV Mot vien ODA Official Development Assistance SXKD San xuat kinh doanh TB Thiet bi TSCD Tai san co dinh VDT Von dau tn XNXD Xi nghiep xep DANH MUC BANG BIEU Bang 3.1: May moc, thiet bi den nam 2006 cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 36 Bang 3.2: Tinh hinh thuc hien VDT tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng giai doan 2006-2011 38 Bang 3.3: VDT phat trien cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng phan theo nguon von 39 Bang 3.4: Co cau nguon von dau tu phat trien cua Cong ty 40 Bang 3.5: Von dau phan theo noi dung tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng giai doan 2006-2012 41 Bang 3.6: Cor cau von dau tu thuc hien theo tirng noi dung 42 Bang 3.7: Tong hop chi phi dau tu du an khu chuyen tai Ben Got-Lach Huyen (giai doan I) 46 Bang 3.8: Tong hop chi phi du toan cho du an dau tu khu chuyen tai Ben Got - Lach Huyen (giai doan II) 47 Bang 3.9: Tong hop cac hang muc cong viec cua giai doan I du an Tan Cang 49 Bang 3.10: Chi phi cac hang muc du an xay dung ben cang tong hop 50 Tan Cang giai doan 50 Bang 3.11: Chenh lech chi phi Tong muc dau tu du an duoc duyet va chi phi thuc hien 51 Bang 3.12: Chi phi dau tu theo giai doan cua du an xay dung khu cang tong hop Tan Cang giai doan II 52 Bang 3.13: Cac thiet bi dau tu giai doan 2006-2012 tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 54 Bang 3.14: Cor cau nguon von dau tu cho nhan luc cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 56 Bang 3.15: Cac goi thau du an cai tao nang cap cang cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng giai doan II 64 Bang 3.16: Ty le thuc hien von dau tu so vori kd hoach tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng giai doan 2006-2012 69 Bang 3.17: Toc tang von dau tu thuc hien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong giai doan 2006-2012 69 Bang 3.18: He so huy dong tai san co dinh tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 70 Bang 3.19: Tong so kho bai tang them cua Cong ty TNHH MTV 71 Cang Hai Phong 71 Bang 3.20: Tong so cau ben tang them cua Cong ty TNHH MTV 71 Cang Hai Phong 71 Bang 3.21: San luong hang hoa thong qua cang 72 Bang 3.22: so luong cac lop hoc dao tao qua cac nam tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng 73 Bang 3.23: so luong lao dong theo tr'inh tu nam 2006 -2011 cua Cong ty .73 Bang 3.24: Cac chi tieu hieu qua tai chinh cua viec dau tu phat trien tai Cong ty 74 Bang 3.25: Cac chi tieu hieu qua xa hoi cua viec dau tu phat trien tai Cong ty 76 Bang 4.1: Nhu cau von dau tu tien hanh cac du an phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai PhOng giai doan toi 86 LOI MO DAU Mot nhung van de kho khan ldn cua cac nude dang phat trien nhu Viet Nam la tang co so ki thuat, co ket cau tang cang bien van nhieu yeu kern, chua dap ung duoc nhu cau hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Trong do, he thong cang bien Viet Nam dong mot vai trd het sue quan trong qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te the gidi va khu vuc cua Viet Nam Theo thong ke, 90% lupng hang hoa xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam duoc chuyen chd bang phan tich cue vao su phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dat nude khong chi d viec van ‘ f X chuyen hang hoa, tao thu nhap va viec lam ma quan hon la thuc day dau vao va ca dau cua san xuat hang hoa va dich vu Ben canh do, Viet Nam cd tiem nang rat ldn viec phat trien kinh doanh cang bien chung ta cd 3260 km bd bien trai dai tu Bae vao Nam, vdi vung them luc dia thuoc chu quyen rong gap lan dien tich dat lien, co nhieu song ldn va dac biet la vi tri dia li gan vdi cac tuyen hang hai quoc te Chinh vi le do, kinh te cang bien can duoc xem la mot nhung nganh kinh te mui nhon, tao da thuc day cho cac nganh khac phat trien Va thoi gian tdi, chung ta can dac biet quan tarn dau tu vao he thong cang bien Viet Nam de cd the dap ung dupe nhu cau phat trien da dat Nhan thay tarn quan cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien cang bien Viet Nam em da chon de tai:"Dau tir phat trien tai Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng giai doan 2006 - 2020” 89 dong sir dung mot each hop ly Mat khac, chi phi sir dung von thap hon nhieu so vdi nguon von tin dung Trong thdi gian tdi, Tong cdng ty nen tang cudng nguon von thong qua viec tiet kiem hop ly cac loai chi phi nhu: chi phi quan ly, chi phi san xuat kinh doanh Thong qua se gitr lai duoc mot ty ldn lpi nhuan khong chia de su dung cho hoat dong dau tu phat trien - Huy dong von ODA: dac trung quan cua von ODA la thdi gian cho vay lau, lai suat thap mang tinh chat uu dai, do cd the tien hanh huy dong von ODA vao dau tu co sd tang cang, cac cdng trinh cd thdi gian thu hoi von lau nhu nao vet luong lach, xay dung he thong giao thong dudng bo, nang cap cac kho bai chua hang hoa De lam dupe dieu thi can phai quan li cd hieu qua nguon von vay ODA hien cua du an cai tao nang cap Cang Chua Ve: giam thieu cac sai pham viec sir dung von khong dung muc dich, day nhanh tien cac cdng trinh, dam bao hoan theo dung thdi gian da xac dinh qua mdi tao dieu kien de cd the huy dong them von ODA thdi gian tdi - Huy dong von dau tir true tiep nudc ngoai (FDI): hien nay, Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng mdi chi thu hut dupe von dau tu gian tiep nudc ngoai ODA ma chua tiep can dupe von FDI Vdi nhung dac trung co ban la thudng dupe dau tu vao linh vuc cd lpi nhuan cao, thdi gian thu hoi von nhanh; thdi gian tdi de thu hut dupe von FDI, Cdng ty can dua nhung danh muc dau tu thuc su hap dan cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai Tuy nhien, cang bien la linh vuc nhay cam, vira mang y nghia ve kinh te vira mang y nghia ve an ninh quoc phdng, do, can cd nhung cam ket cu the ve trach nhiem va quyen han cua ca ben de dam bao vai tro quan II cua phla Viet Nam cung nhu quyen tu chu hop phap cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai - Huy dong von dan thong qua phat hanh trai phieu doanh nghiep, trai phieu cdng trinh: day la mot kenh huy dong von ma cac doanh nghiep da su dung rat hieu qua thdi gian qua, vira giam nhe dupe ganh nang bao cap von cua Nha nudc, vira phat huy dupe tong hop cac nguon luc tai chinh vao qua trinh dau tu phat trien kinh te xa hoi Thong qua viec phat hanh trai phieu, Cdng ty cd the vay dupe tir thi trudng mot khoan von kha ldn vdi lai suat thap hon lai suat ngan hang, nhd 90 co the huy dong vao dau tu md rong san xuat kinh doanh Tuy nhien, dd co thd phat hanh cong thi Cong ty can chu y cac van de sau: + Cung cap thong tin ve du an can huy dong von mot each day du, chinh xac, trung thuc, dam bao cho moi ngudi deu co the tiep can vdi nguon thdng tin cua du an + Phai co ke hoach ve ti le lai suat cung nhu thdi gian hoan tra von hop li nham tao niem tin cho ngudi dan mua trai phieu + Hoan du an theo dung tien do, dat tieu chuan ki thuat chat luong da de ra, nhanh chong dua vao su dung de thu hoi von nham hoan tra von va lai cho nhung ngudi dong gop mua trai phieu Theo danh gia cua cac chuyen gia kinh te, tai chinh ca va ngoai nude thi thi trudng von Viet Nam phat trien chua dong bo, viec cung ung cho nen kinh te chu yeu dua vao he thdng ngan hang, vi vay dan den rui ro rat ldn cac ngan hang su dung von huy dong ngan han de cho vay dai han vugt qua gidi han cho phep Dong thdi nguon von vay ODA mac du la nguon von quan ddi vdi viec dau tu cho phat trien co sd tang cang bien nhung cung boc lo nhieu nhugc diem nhu suat dau tu xay dung, gia thiet bi, chi phi tu van cao Cac doanh nghiep lai phai chiu rui ro ve chenh lech ti gia Cdng ty nen hudng tdi thi trudng von qudc te thdng qua viec keu goi von lien doanh cua cac hang tau, cac nha khai thac cang, cac nha dau tu tai chinh qudc te, cac nguon ho tro tin dung xuat khau va vay von cac ngan hang nude ngoai Mot sd cac Cdng ty kinh doanh linh vuc dich vu cang bien nude da tan dung dupe lgi the ve su hop tac cua cac doanh nghiep nude ngoai, cd lgi the von ldn de dau tu dong bo cor sd tang va trang thiet bi nhu Tan Cang Sai Gon, Cdng ty cd nguon von ddi dao de dau tu vao cdng nghe quan ly bang phan mem tien tien, tao lgi the canh tranh vdi cac cdng ty khar lmh vuc, giam thieu dugc sd lugng nhan luc quan ly khong can thiet (giam dugc chi phi), cdng viec dugc nhanh chong nhd su chuyen tai thdng tin bang may moc 91 Tuy nhien, dau tu phat trien cong ty bang nguon von gop cua cac cong ty nudc ngoai cung can chu y co nhung dieu khoan ky ket de tranh tinh trang cac cong ty ben phia nudc ngoai se gop vdn bang viec chuyen giao nhung cdng nghe khoa hoc, nhung may moc thiet bi da lac hau ve phia minh cdng ty dich vu cang bien tai Viet Nam van phai chiu mot muc chi phi dau tu cao cho cac trang thiet bi do, dien hinh la Cdng ty dich vu cang bien Cai Lan, quy md dau tu he thdng trang thiet bi cau cang cua cdng ty ldn, cd the dap ung duoc cac tau tai ldn, la mot loi the so vdi doanh nghiep Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong, nhung hieu qua lai nhuan thap chi phi dau tu ldn nhung lai gap phai su chuyen giao cdng nghe lac hau tu phia doi tac 4.2.1.2 Gidi phap ve su- dung vdn ; Trong cac hoat dong dau tu, viec su dung vdn cang cd hieu qua thi kha nang thu hut vdn dau tu cang ldn Do vay muon huy dong vdn dau tu hieu qua thi trudc het phai nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn De thuc hien duac dieu thi Tong cdng ty PVC can phai thuc hien mot sd giai phap sau: Thu- nhat, can cd chien luoc dung dan nham giam chi phi vat tu, tiet kiem san xuat kinh doanh noi chung va dau tu noi rieng Quan ly chat che cac khoan muc chi phi, quan ly tot viec chi dung mua sam may moc thiet bi, nguyen vat lieu Quan ly tot viec su dung vdn, han che toi da viec su dung vdn lang phi va khong dung muc tieu ngudn luc Bang each, Tong cdng ty can thuong xuyen tang cudng giam sat, kiem tra cac cdng trinh, du an ma Tong cdng ty dang thi cdng de giam thieu toi da su that thoat, lang phi nguyen vat lieu va tiet kiem nhan cdng Doi vdi nguyen vat lieu can tinh toan du tru phu hap, du bao thi truong, ky cac hop dong dai han vdi nha cung ung de giam thieu rui ro ve su bien dong gia ca tren thi truong Doi vdi cac may moc da cu hoac khong su dung nen tien hanh ly, nhuong ban hoac cho thue nham tranh hao mon, lang phi va u dong vdn Thu- hai, Tang cudng cdng tac nghiem thu, toan thu hoi vdn Sau ban giao xong cdng trinh, Tong cdng ty cd the chap nhan cho khach hang toan cham vi day la dieu khong the tranh khoi Tuy nhien neu bi ng dong qua lau, vdn bi 92 chiem dung ldn se lam giam vong quay cua von, do se anh hudng ldn den tinh hinh tai chinh va hoat dong dau tu phat trien cua Tong cdng ty Thu' ha, Tang cudng cdng tac kiem tra giam sat doi vdi hoat dong dau tu du an Thuc hien dau tu cd tarn diem vao nhung doi tuong cd tiem nang, tranh dau tu dan trai, lang phi Vi vay, can thuc hien phan bo von mot each hop ly cho cac noi dung dau tu nhu: dau tu vao may moc thiet bi, cdng nghe, dau tu he thong nha xudng, dau tu cho nguon nhan luc Tong cdng ty phai xac dinh ro can dau tu vao nhung hang muc cdng trinh nao, va nhung hang muc dau la hang muc dem lai hieu qua cao nhat Tliu- tir, Vdi nhung du an su dung von vay, lap du an can chu y tdi lai vay va phuong thuc toan phan goc cung nhu thdi han tra no hop ly Kem theo do, Tong cdng ty can phai cd phuong an tra no vung chac, xac dinh rd trach nhiem tra no bdi day la yeu to quan anh hudng den ket qua va hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu Vi vay, xay dung phuong an tra no rd rang cu the chinh xac la can cu de su dung von cd hieu qua - Nang cao hieu qua su dung von nha nudc: nhung nam qua, nguon von nha nudc chiem ti ldn tong von dau tu cua Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng Viec su dung hieu qua nguon von nha nudc cua Cdng ty cung dong nghia vdi viec nang cao kha nang huy dong cac nguon von khac cho dau tu phat trien Chinh vi vay, thdi gian tdi, Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng can tap trung: + Xay dung danh muc cac du an thuc su cd hieu qua de cd the huy dong nguon von nha nudc, tranh tinh trang dau tu tran lan, dan trai + Ra soat lai cac du an dang thuc hien, neu phat hien khong phu hop, khong cd tinh kha thi thi phai cd ke hoach chuyen von sang cho du an khac + Day nhanh tien cac cdng trinh dang.thuc hien, dam bao hoan dung theo ke hoach da lap ra, tap trung dau tu cac cdng trinh diem de nhanh chong dua vao su dung va phat huy hieu qua thdi gian nhanh nhat cd the 93 + Co cac bien phap nham tiet kiem chi phi, nhien van phai lap thiet ke ki thuat can than, lua chon cong nghe thi cong cao, vat lieu tot de dam bao chat luong cong trinh, tuan theo cac tieu chuan chat luong cua Nha nude 4.2.1.3 Gidi phap phan bo nguon von dau tu- hop ly: Nhu da phan tich, dac thu nganh kinh doanh cua Cdng ty la linh vuc dich vu cang bien, su dong bo ve mat co sd tang va trang thiet bi la yeu to chinh de tao nen hoat dong cua Cdng ty, vi vay phan bo nguon ldn cho linh vuc dau tu nay, nhien ve mat dau tu cho nguon nhan luc cung can day manh, neu nguon nhan luc yeu kern ve mat quan ly hay cdng nhan lao dong san xuat true tiep khong am hieu nghiep vu, biet sir dung thiet bi hien dai thi cung se la bat loi viec phat trien doanh nghiep Nguon von dau tu cua Cdng ty cho nghien cuu cdng nghe mdi nhu tu dong hoa cho quan ly hang, ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin dong bo nhu hien trang chua dupe day manh Dieu la mot co cau phan bo khong hop ly Cdng ty can san sd nguon von hop ly hon cho cac hoat dong dau tu khac, tranh tap trung chi dau tu vao mot noi dung, gay tinh trang dau tu khong dong bo r \ 4.2.2 Gidi phap dau tu- nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc a Phat trien nguon nhan luc la mot nhung dieu kien tien quyet de cd the nang cao nang luc san xuat dieu kien kinh te thi trudng nhu hien nay, dac biet vdi mdi trudng canh tranh qudc td cua nganh hang hai Tuy nhien cung chinh tu dac thu cua nganh, nen cdng tac tuyen dung cac can bo quan ly phai dupe chu y tu khau dau vao, can tuyen dung cac can bo cd chuyen mdn, am hieu ve linh vuc vi doi tuong quan ly la nhung ngudi cd tac dong, hudng di phat trien cua toan Cdng ty Neu nhan luc yeu kem tir khau dau vao se gay ton that cho Cdng ty, neu tuyen dung dupe nhan luc tot tir dau thi Cdng ty cung tranh dupe lupng chi phi dd dau tu dao tao lai Mac du hang nam Cdng ty van bo lupng von nhat dinh cho cdng tac dao tao nguon nhan luc, nhien ket qua lai chua cao, ly la Cdng ty vdn chua cd kd hoach trien khai dao tao quy md vdi tirng loai ddi tuong: 94 - Doi vdi cong nhan lao dong true tiep: co each thuc dao tao tai cho, gan ket giua thuc te vdi ly thuyet de ngudi lao dong cd the hieu duoc quy trinh cong viec, khuyen khich nhung ngudi lao dong kinh nghiem lau nam truyen lai kinh nghiem cho nhung cdng nhan mdi tuyen dung Them vao do, Cdng ty nen phoi hop vdi truong Ky thuat nghiep vu cang de boi dudng cho cdng nhan nhung dua tren cam ket hoc va thi kiem tra tay nghe de tranh dau tu dao tao nhung ngudi lao dong vdn khong nam duoc kien thuc - Doi vdi ngudi lao dong gian tiep: viec cu di hoc cung can nghien cuu ky nhung bo phan nao tham gia cac chuong trinh nao de phu hop vdi nhu cau cdng viec va tranh lang phi Cdng ty hang nam van cu cac can bo chuyen nganh di hoc cac ldp ben nudc ngoai nhung trinh ngoai ngu han che nen viec tiep thu kien thuc thuoc linh vuc chuyen mon khong cao Nhu vay trudc cu cac can bo tham gia cac khoa hoc nudc ngoai can dau tu bo sung lai ngoai ngu cho nhung chi tieu de dam bao chat luong hoc ben nudc ngoai Them vao do, cac khoa hoc ma Cdng ty tham gia thdi luong ngan, nen kien thuc thu ve la khong cao, Cdng ty cd the nghien cuu cac khoa hoc dai han hon tu thang den nam cho cac can bo chuyen nganh - Doi vdi doi ngu quan ly: Cd ke hoach quy hoach can bo va tao co che linh hoat lam dong luc cho viec ren luyen, phan dau vuon len de trd can bo chu chot cua Cdng ty Tang cudng hap tac ve dao tao ngudn nhan luc: Trong cdng tac dao tao can bo cho linh vuc, hien chung ta van tri hop tac vdi Dai hoc Hang hai the gidi (WMU), Dai hoc ITTMA cua Vuong quoc Bi, SECOJ va Japan Coast Guard Academy cua Nhat Ban Tiep tuc tri cac chuong trinh dao tao ngan han va dai han nudc ngoai ho tro (Bi, Nhat Ban ) Tuy nhien, de tao dieu kien cho viec tham gia cac chuong trinh dao tao cua nudc ngoai can cd each tiep can tich cue hon Thu nhat la, can manh dan cu can bo di dao tao theo hudng co quan cu di va ngudi duqc cu di cung dong gop cho phan kinh phi ma phia Viet Nam phai bo tri Kinh nghiem d mot so co quan, doanh nghiep da thuc hien cdng md hinh 95 nhung nam gan day cho thay day la mot giai phap nang cao trinh doi ngu can bo hien co kha hieu qua, vira giam ganh nang cho cho ngan sach nha nudc, vira nang cao y thuc cua ngudi dupe cir di hoc Thu- hai, ben canh viec cu ngudi di dao tao d nudc ngoai thi md hinh dao tao nudc chuyen gia nudc ngoai giang day cung la mot giai phap huu hieu loi the chi phi khong qua cao ma co the dao tao cung mot luc cho nhieu ngudi Cac khoa dao tao nhu vay nhung nam qua da cd vai tro tich cue viec nang cao trinh chuyen mon va hieu biet cho doi ngu can bo Nganh 77n? ba la, nang cao trinh tieng Anh noi chung, chu den tieng Anh chuyen nganh I lang hai cho can bo, thuyen vien Nhung nam tdi day can tham khao, tim hieu kha nang ho tro cua cac doi tac nudc ngoai, ma chu yeu la cac nudc noi tieng Anh nhu My, Australia, Singapore ma chung ta da tri quan he nhieu nam Thu- tit la, quan tarn den viec dao tao ky nang dam phan quoc te Tren thuc te, dam phan noi chung va dam phan quoc te noi rieng la cdng viec thudng gap thuong thao hop dong, thoa thuan, hiep dinh Do viec cd hieu biet ve ky nang dam phan cung nhu nghe thuat dam phan la rat quan r 4.2.3 Dau tu- ung dung cdng nghe thong tin vao he thong quan ly x Viec quan ly tai Cdng ty hien gid van mang hinh thuc thu cdng, mat nhieu nhan luc cho viec hudng dan chi dao Chinh bdi vay hieu suat su dung chua cao, mat nhieu thdi gian va chi phi cho viec tra luong nhan cdng hang thang Doi vdi sd cac Cang khu vuc chau A nhu Nhat Ban hay Singapore deu dau tu khoa hoc cdng nghe mdi vao van hanh va quan ly cang bien Xet pham vi quoc gia thi su cdng cua Tan Cang Sai Gon da chung minh cho viec su dung khoa hoc cdng nghe vao quan ly, giup phat trien dupe nang luc san xuat Noi chung, viec ap dung cdng nghe thong tin hien dai giup cho cac dich vu dupe thuc hien nhanh hon, chi phi thap hon Dong thdi nd giup cho cang hoan tot vai tro trung gian cua minh: Cac hang tau - ngudi cung cap dich vu chuyen chd - cung cap chd tot hon, va khach hang - ngudi tieu dung dich vu - cung dupe hudng dich vu tin cay 96 hon, hieu qua cao hon va tiet kiem hon Nhd manh dan ap dung cong nghe, cac cang nhu Nhat Ban,Singapore da duoc phat trien cang trung chuyen the gidi Cac ung dung khoa hoc cdng nghe da duoc dau tu su dung de quan ly cang bien nhu: - He thdng quan ly container CTMS - He thdng chuyen du lieu EDI - He thdng dieu hanh khai thac cang TOP - X De co the don dau va ung dung nhung cdng nghe mdi vao quan ly va nang cao tinh canh tranh cho dich vu cua Cdng ty thi cdng tac dau tu cho nghien cuu trien khai khoa hoc va cdng nghe la khong the thieu duoc Tuy nhien hinh thuc va phuong thuc ddi moi cdng nghe phai phu hop vdi dieu kien cu the cua Cdng ty Trong dieu kien nguon von han hep, can ddi mdi co diem d nhung khau, dau tu, ddi mdi cdng nghe quan ly nhu ky hop dong mua lai he thdng phan mem quan 9 , , r A ly, cung co the ddi mdi lien doanh vdi nude ngoai Ket hop giua ddi mdi tuan tu va nhay vot, giua cdng nghe hien dai va cdng nghe truyen thdng duoc cai tien de lua chon duoc cdng nghe thich hop nham tan dung duoc su nhanh nhay cua thdng tin, phu hop vdi nhu cau thi trudng tren co sd giam thieu den muc co the cac chi phi Ben canh viec dau tu de nghien cuu trien khai cac cdng nghe mdi vao dieu hanh khai thac thi Cdng ty cung phai dau tu td chuc dao tao trang bi cac ky nang cho cac can bo cdng nhan vien co the su dung tot cac phan mem nham tiet kiem thdi gian va chi phi A 4.2.4 Dau tu'xay dung co’ han r 4.2.4.1 Dau tu vao may moc thiet bi Dong vai trd la cang bien chu luc cua khu vuc mien Bac, Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng hang nam gan day deu chi nhung khoan von ldn cho dau tu nang cap may moc thiet bi Tuy nhien, hien van nhieu loai phuong tien xep dd mac du da het khau hao nhung van duoc dua vao su dung, do hieu qua san 97 xuat khong cao, tham chi co the gay nguy hiem den sir an toan cua nhan cong lam viec cang De dap ung thay the het tat ca cac thiet bi lau doi can qua trinh dai han hon Chinh vi vay, thoi gian tdi, Cong ty can tien hanh nang cap chat luong cua cac thiet bi quan li, thiet bi chuyen dung phuc vu boc xep hang hoa, dam bao thu gom va giai toa hang nhanh, giai quyet tinh trang hang hoa ton dong lau tai kho bai khong dap ung duoc nhu cau xep kip thoi De dau tu dong bo day chuyen may moc la kha ldn, cac nam gan day viec mua may moc thiet bi de dau tu nang cao nang luc cua Cdng ty cung chiem ty ldn nhung chua co nghien cuu lo trinh thuc hien, viec mua sam cdn thuoc vao vdn Chinh vi vay de doi mod, thay the duqc het cac may moc cu Cdng ty cac nam trudc thi ban lanh dao Cdng ty can yeu cau phong Ky thuat cdng nghe lap to nghien cuu de an thay doi may moc thiet bi dua lo trinh thuc hien cu the, viec dau tu cung phai tinh toan cac ngudn vdn san cd cua Cdng ty, cac ngudn vdn vay Viec lira chon may moc thiet bi thi phai phu hop vdi dieu kien va trinh cua Cdng ty Khong phai may moc thiet bi cdng nghe cang hien dai thi se mang lai hieu qua cao san xuat ma nd cdn phu thuoc vao trinh quan ly, nang lire cua can bo cdng nhan vien Cdng ty Neu trinh va nang luc cua can bo cdng nhan vien kem thi se khong the phat huy duqc cdng dung cua may moc thiet bi hien > Dau tu cai tao luong: Tu nhieu nam luong tau vao cang Hai Phong da noi tieng ve tinh trang sa boi va gay anh hudng nang ne den qua trinh khai thac cua cac cdng ty van tai bien va cac cang Viec thay doi lien tuc cua sau luong cac cdng bo sau hanh hai thuong xuyen la mdi lo doi vdi cang, cac hang tau, dac biet la cac tau chd container chuyen tuyen cd lich trinh cd dinh Cac cau cang da duqc xay dung theo 98 qui hoach nhung khong co qui hoach nao noi ve viec dam bao su dong bo giua cac dieu kien ky thuat cua luong tau voi viec khai thac cang bien Trong xu hudng hien tren the gidi la cac chu hang deu tan dung cac tau cd tai ldn nham tiet kiem chi phi giam tai, thi tinh trang luong tau sa bdi cang nghiem trong nhung nam gan day da han che cac tau cd tai ldn cap Cang Hai Phdng, lam giam sue canh tranh cung nhu anh hudng ldn den hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh cua cang Chinh vi le do, thdi gian tdi, can tien hanh nao vet cai tao luong lach dinh ki nhung noi sa bdi nang, song ldn can xay de chan song, chan cat de ket cau cdng trinh duoc ben chac, dam vao sau khai thac cho cac tau ldn vao cang duoc an toan Phan ldn luong tau vao cang deu doc theo cac song, muc dao dong thuy trieu ldn, chiu anh hudng rat nhieu cua sa bdi, luong lach dai, chieu sau han che Hang nam, Nha nudc cung bo khoan kinh phi ldn de nao vet, tu luong lach dam bao cho cac cang cd the tiep nhan duoc khoi luong hang hoa tang nhanh Ben canh can tien hanh khai chinh luong vao mdi: song Cam - Dinh Vu - Bach Dang - Cai Trap - cat qua dao Cat Hai (kenh Ha Nam) va bien theo luong Lach Huyen, dam bao sau luong bien dat -7,2 den -7,5 met Trong khai thac dich vu cang bien, van de luong lach vao cang thong thoang, cd sau ldn va dam bao an toan doi vdi moi hoat dong hang hai la mot nhung yeu to quan hang dau de thu hut chu tau, chu hang den lam hang Theo do, tu Km - Km 9.8 (Tu Ben Binh den cua ngoai kenh Dinh Vu): tir -5,9m den -6,1m, tir Km 9.8 - Km 19 (tir Cang Dinh Vu den dau kenh Ha Nam): tir -7,3 den -7,6m; tir Km 19 - Km 25.3 (Kenh Ha Nam): -7,2m; tir Km 25.3 - Km 38.8 (Ludng Lach Huyen): -7,8m; tir Km38.8 - Km 42.85 (ludng bien, ngang thi tran Cat Ba): -8m Day la dieu kien thuan loi gop phan nang cao san luong hang thong qua khu vuc cang bien Hai Phdng va cung nhd doanh thu tir dich vu hang hai tang dang ke Theo udc tinh, sau phuc hoi duoc sau thiet ke thi mdi nam can khoang tir 120 den 150 ty dong de nao vet tu (tuong duong vdi khoi luong nao vet khoang tir 1,2 den 1,5 trieu m3) Viec nao vet tu hang nam co the tiet kiem 99 dirge neu thuc hien dugc nao vet thuong xuyen va tap trung vao nhung diem nong cue bo mdi phat sinh nam Ngoai ra, de tiet kiem chi phi nao vet tu, Cong ty co the tiep tuc tan dung toi da muc thuy trieu dang hang de thuc hien dieu dong tau vao cang (cac tau ldn dugc dieu dong vao thuy trieu cao, tau nhd hon chay muc nude thap, cd the ra/vao vao thdi gian bat ky ngay) > Dau tu cai tao he thdng giao thdng ket noi cdng bien Mac du hau het cac cang bien Viet Nam deu cd he thdng dudng d td noi lien vdi dudng bo qudc gia song cac tuyen dudng thuong xuyen phai ddi mat vdi tinh trang ach tac Mot sd cang nam d khu thi, khu dan cu nen tinh trang giao thdng bi ngung tre, chi hoat dong dugc ban dem nen han che rat nhieu nang suat cua cang (nhu XN Hoang Dieu - chi nhanh cua cang Hai Phdng) Cac tuyen dudng sat tdi cang cd thuan lgi hon so vdi dudng bo song viec van chuyen hang hoa bang dudng sat phai them mot cdng doan dung xe o td, nen han che cho nang suat van tai Mat khac, dudng sat Viet Nam la dudng don, kho hep va di qua khu thi nen hoat dong cua dudng sat chu yeu la ban dem Vi the thdi gian van chuyen han che, Cdng ty khong dap ung dugc lugng hang chuyen chd ldn Tinh trang nang luc he thdng dudng bo noi cang thap hon so vdi nhu cau luu thdng hang hoa cua cang Hai Phong cung la mot mdi lo ngai tu nhieu nam Mac khac, hien hang hoa qua cang bien HP chu yeu dugc van chuyen bang dudng bo, chiem khoang 70 -80% tong lugng hang qua cang De hoat dong dugc r \ \ r thong thoang, trach un tac nhu thdi gian quan, can sdm de xuat vdi bo GTVT va cd bien phap nang cao nang luc he thdng dudng bo noi cang vdi hau phuong Ben canh dd can nghien cuu de dua cac giai phap cap bach de nang cao nang luc hoat dong cua giao thdng dudng sat va dudng thuy noi dia, nhat la ddi vdi doan dudng sat nam XNXD Hoang Dieu da nhieu nam khong dugc bao dudng tu > Dau tic he thdng cung cap dien, nuac: Ngoai ra, cac he thdng cung cap dien, nude, thdng tin lien lac va dich vu khac cung thuong xuyen roi vao tinh trang"co cang ddi hoat dong roi mdi thuc 100 hien” Dien hinh la he thong cung cap dien ludi quoc gia Trong dieu kien hoat dong cua cang le thuoc rat nhieu vao nguon cung cap dien, neu qua trinh cung cap khong du hoac khong lien tuc thi thiet hai xay doi voi cang va cac chu hang la dieu khong the tranh khoi Vi du thong thuong vao mua he la thdi diem cac cang phai tiep nhan rat nhieu container hang dong lanh Nhung mua he cung chinh la thdi ky ma luong tieu thu dien chung cua xa hoi tang cao Vi vay neu khong nhanh chong dau tu he thdng dien cung cap du dien nang thi nguy co ton that hang hoa tai cang rat cao 4.2.5 Dau tw viio hoat dong Marketing Hoat dong marketing la mot nhung hoat dong quan cua bat cu mot doanh nghiep nao, cd vai trd quyet dinh dieu phoi su ket noi doanh nghiep vdi thi trudng, dam bao cho hoat dong san xuat hudng theo thi truong, lay thi truong (nhu cau va udc muon cua khach hang) lam chd dua vung chac nhat cho moi quyet dinh kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Chinh vi le do, Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong thdi gian tdi can chu dau tu vao hoat dong marketing nham nang cao sue canh tranh, tang cudng duoc vi the cua minh tren thuong trudng Cd the thuc hien mot sd giai phap nham tang cudng cdng tac dau tu vao hoat dong marketing nhu sau: - Thuong xuyen to chuc cac cuoc hoi thao d nudc va nudc ngoai, tiep can vdi cac khach hang tiem nang nham gidi thieu cu the ve cac dich vu ma Cdng ty cd the cung cap nhu boc xep, bao quan hang hoa, van chuyen va giao hang hoa cho chu hang; lai dat cac tau vao cang va ho tro tau bien; dai li tau bien va mdi gidi hang hai; thuc hien cac dich vu dai li van tai, logistic container chuyen tuyen Hai Phong- Lao Cai bang duong sat; thuc hien cac dich vu dong goi, van tai hang hai duong bo, duong song, duong bien - Nang cao trang thdng tin dien tu ve Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong thuong xuyen cap nhat cac thdng tin mdi nhat ve tinh hinh dau tu tai Cdng ty, cac tuu ma Cdng ty dat duoc cung nhu phuong hudng thuc hien cac muc tieu san xuat kinh doanh da dat thdi gian tdi, qua giup nhung ngudi quan 101 tarn co the tiep can thong tin va co cai nhin tong quan ve hoat dong san xuat cua Cong ty Dong thdi, trang web cua Cdng ty cung can duoc dich nhidu ngon ngu khac dap ung nhu cau cua so dong nha dau tu (tieng Anh, tidng Nhat, tidng Trung, tieng Han, tieng Nga ) - Tien hanh cac hoat dong quang cao, quang ba tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung de cd the gidi thieu cho phan dong moi ngudi ve cac dich vu ma Cdng ty cd the cung cap - Thudng xuyen gui cac thong tin cho chu hang, chu tau nam duoc tinh hinh ve tau cung nhu hang hoa tai cang, tao mdi quan he lau dai ben chat giua Cdng ty vdi cac khach hang thudng xuyen :< l ‘ 4.3 Mot so de xuat kien nghi De nghi Tong cdng ty Hang hai Viet Nam xem xet phe duyet chu truong dau tu cho cang Hai Phdng duoc cap dat dau tu xay dung cang tai khu vuc Lach Huyen, khu vuc Yen Hung dap ung nhu cau phat trien kinh te cua Hai Phdng va dat nudc, dong thdi cd co che ve von uu dai de Cdng ty thuc hien cac du an tren He thong dudng sat ket noi da su dung lau, hien da xuong cap, de nghi Bo Giao thong van tai chi dao Cue dudng sat Viet Nam, Tong cdng ty dudng sat Viet Nam sdm trien khai cai tao nang cap theo y kien ket luan cua Pho Thu thudng thong bao sd 288/TB - VPCP 29/11/2011 De nghi Bo Giao thong van tai chi dao viec dau tu cac nut giao thong dudng bo, nhat la tai dau nut dudng 5, cac tuyen dudng giao quanh khu vuc cac cang > > A don vi nham dam bao su phat trien dong bo ve mat tang co sd De xuat vdi Bo Giao thong van tai, Tong cdng ty Hang hai Viet Nam chap thuan cho Cdng ty thuc hien phuong an chuyen doi cd phan hoa de tao su chu dong canh tranh, tao dong luc mdi thay doi phuong thuc quan ly mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao hon De nghi Nha nudc cho Cdng ty duoc hudng che uu dai dau tu theo Luat khuyen khich dau tu nudc 102 KET LUAN Trong dieu kien quan he quoc te cang md rong, nganh hang hai noi chung noi chung va dich vu cang bien noi rieng dang tan dung moi thdi co thuan loi su phat trien cua cac doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien la can co td chuc phu hop, du sue de lanh dao va dua nhung chien luge dung dan Cac chidn luge dua phai can cu vao thuc trang cua cac cang dong thdi can cu vao nhu cdu phat tridn he thdng cang bien tuong lai tren co sd cac sd lieu du bao vd phat tridn kinh td xa hoi va khoi lugng hang hoa xuat nhap khau cua mdi vung va cac nude Do do, cd the ket luan rang ngoai viec tich cue cai tao he thdng cang cua Cdng ty hien chung ta can manh dan dau tu, xay mdi mot each cd quy hoach cac bdn cang trung chuyen dd dap ung nhu cau nude cung nhu khu vuc Viec dau tu nang cap va xay mdi cac cang bien phai dap ung dugc cac yeu cau ki thuat tien tien, hien dai so vdi cac nude khu vuc Muon vay, chung ta phai tirng budc nhanh chong khac phuc tinh trang lac hau ve cdng nghe boc xep, thay the dan he thdng may moc, thiet bi phuong tien lac hau, gia coi bang nhung phuong tien tien va hien dai; nang cap cac cdng trinh ve nha kho, ben bai; nghien cuu dau tu chieu sau, qui hoach mat bang; ap dung cac bien phap chong sa hoi, tien hanh nao vet luong lach; to chuc luc lugng lao dong phu hop de tung budc tang kha nang dua don tau, tang nang suat boc xep cua cac cang, va tang sue canh tranh cua cdng ty dich vu cang bien Luan van da trinh bay nhung net co ban phan tich, danh gia thuc trang ddu tu tai Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phdng va dua mot vai y kien dong gop Vdi su quan tarn thich dang cua nganh Hang hai va su phoi hgp chat che cua cac Bo, Nganh, Dia phuong, chien luge dau tu phat trien cua Cdng ty hy vong nhung ton tai cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep dich vu cang bien se nhanh chong dugc giai quyet, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho qua trinh phat trien va hoi nhap cua dat nude 103 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Giao trinh Kinh te dau tu, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan Trang web http://www.vietship.com Bao cao tai chinh tu nam 2006 - 2012 cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong Tap chi Giao thdng van tai cac nam 2002, 2005 Ho so tham dinh du an md rong cang tai khu vuc Dinh Vu Dinh hudng phat trien Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong giai doan 2010 - 2020 Tap chi Hang hai Viet Nam 2010 Cac giai phap nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua nganh hang hai dieu kien hoi nhap - NXB Giao thdng van tai 2002 Bao cao thuc hien giai doan 2005 - 2010, phuong hudng nhiem vu giai doan 2010 2015 cua Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 10 Bao cao tai chinh tir nam 2006 - 2011 cua Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cang Hai Phong 11 Danh gia chung tinh hinh hoat dong dich vu hang hai toan quoc nhung nam qua - TS Chu Quang Thu, Cue Hang hai Viet Nam