Phát triển xuất khẩu trực tiếp của tổng công ty may 10 đến năm 2020

8435 LV ThS DHKTQD TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ DA! HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN TH If VIEN PHONG LUAN AN • TU' LIEU HOANG THI* LUYEN PHAT TRIEN XUAT KHAU TRlTC TIEP CUA TONG CONG TY MAY 10 DEN NAM 2020 ■ CHUVCN NGftNH: KINH T€ f>OI NGOAI LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH ã ã Ngirdi hirdng dĐn khoa hoc: TS Trinh Thi Thanh Thuy w HA NOI-2012 ■ _ SH35' MUC LUC • • MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC TlT VIET TAT DANH MUC CAC BANG DANH MUC CAC HINH TOM TAT LU AN VAN THAC SY i MO DAU CHITONG 1: MOT SO VAN DE LY LU AN VE PHAT TRIEN XUAT KHAU TRUC TIEP HANG MAY MAC 1.1 Hang may mac va vai tro cua xuat khau true tiep hang may mac 1.1.1 Khai quat ve hang may mac 1.1.2 Vai tro cua xuat khau true tiep hang may mac 1.1.3 Kha nang va loi the cua Tong cong ty May 10 xuat khau true tiep hang may mac 14 1.2 Noi dung va cac nhan to tac dong den phat trien xuat khau true tiep hang may mac 16 1.2.1 Noi dung cua phat trien xuat khau true tiep hang may mac 16 1.2.2 Cac nhan to anh huong den xuat khau true tiep hang may mac 25 1.3 Kinh nghiem phat trien xuat khau true tiep hang may mac cua cac doanh nghiep Trung Quoc va An Do Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam 31 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem phat trien xuat khau true tiep hang may mac cua cac doanh nghiep Trung Quoc va An Do 31 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem ve phat trien xuat khau true tiep rut cho cac daonh nghiep Viet Nam 36 CHUONG 2: IlllC TRANG PHAT TRIEN XUAT KHAU TRUC TIEP HANG MAY MAC CUA TONG CONG TY MAY 10 39 GIAI DOAN 2005-2011 39 2.1 Tong quan ve xuat khau true tiep hang may mac cua Tong cong ty May 10 giai doan 2005 - 2011 39 2.1.1 Kim ngach xuat khau va toe tang trudng 39 2.1.2 Co cau xuat khau 41 2.2 Phan tich thuc trang phat trien xuat khau true tiep hang may mac cua Tong cong ty May 10 giai doan 2005 - 2011 47 2.2.1 Phat trien thi trudng xuat khau true tiep hang may mac .47 2.2.2 Phat trien san pham mdi va nang cao chat luong san pham may mac xuat khau true tiep 48 2.3 Danh gia thuc trang phat trien xuat khau tore tiep cua Tong cong ty May 10 54 2.3.1 Nhung tuu 54 2.3.2 Nhung han che va nguyen nhan 56 CHlTONG 3: DINH HU6NG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN XUAT KHAU TRtTC TIEP CUA TONG CONG TY MAY 10 DEN NAM 2020 65 3.1 Dinh huong phat trien xuat khau hang det may 65 3.1.1 Trien vong va dinh hudng phat trien nganh det may Viet Nam 65 3.1.2 Dinh hudng va muc tieu phat trien xuat khau true tiep cua Tong cong ty May 10 68 3.2 Giai phap phat trien xuat khau true tiep hang may mac cua Tong cong ty May 10 den nam 2020 69 3.2.1 Giai phap phat trien thi trudng hang may mac 70 3.2.2 Giai phap dap ung cac tieu chuan quoc te 74 3.2.3 Giai phap tiet giam chi phi va nang cao hieu qua xuat khau 79 3.2.4 Tang cudng cac hoat dong marketing thuong mai quoc te, thuc hien xay dung va phat trien thuong hieu 81 3.3 Mot so kien nghi 82 3.3.1 Kien nghi doi vdi co quan Nha nude .82 3.3.2 Kien nghi doi vdi Hiep hoi Det - May Viet Nam 87 3.3.3 Kien nghi doi vdi Phong Thuong mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI) 88 3.3.4 Kien nghi doi vdi Tap doan Det - May Viet Nam 90 KET LUAN 91 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 93 DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT STT Viet tat TiengAnh Tieng Viet APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Dien dan hop tac kinh te Chau A-Thai Binh Duong AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area Khu vuc Mau dich Tu ASEAN ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nation Hiep hoi cac nude Dong Nam A ATPA Andean Trade Preference Act EU European Union Lien minh Chau Au FDI Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai FOB Free on board Mua pham - ban nguyen lieu FTA Free Trade Agreement Hiep dinh thuong mai tu GDP Gross Domestic Product) Tong san pham quoc noi ISO International Organization for Standardization Quan ly chat luong quoc te 11 NAFTA Northerm American Free Trade Area Khu vuc mau dich tu Bae My 12 ODA Official Development Assistance Ho tro phat trien chinh thuc ODM Orginal Design Manufacturing Tu thiet ke, san xuat va ban pham SA Social Assurance Tieu chuan trach nhiem xa hoi VCCI Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry Phong Thuong mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam VAT Value Added Tax Thue gia tri gia tang VJEPA Vietnam-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement Hiep dinh Doi tac kinh te Viet Nam - Nhat Ban 18 USD United States Dollar Do la My 19 WTO World Trade Orgnization To chuc thuong mai the gidi 10 13 14 15 16 17 Luat uu dai thuong mai Andean DANH MUC CAC BANG Bang 2.1: Kim ngach xuat khau hang may mac cua Tong cong ty May 10 giai doan 2005 -2011 40 Bang 2.2: Cac mat hang xuat khau chu yeu cua Tong cong ty May 10 41 Bang 2.3 : Xuat khau true tiep hang may mac cua Tong cong ty May 10 42 sang cac thi trudng chinh theo mat hang 42 Bang 2.4: Co cau thi trudng xuat khau true tiep chinh cua Tong cong ty May 10.45 Bang 2.5 : So luong thi trudng xuat khau va toe tang kim ngach xuat khau true tiep lien hoan cua Tong cong ty May 10 55 DANH MUC CAC HINH • Hinh 2.1: Kim ngach xuat khau hang may mac cua Tong cong ty May 10 39 Hinh 2.2: Co cau thi trudng xuat khau true tiep chinh cua Tong cong ty May 10 44 • TRl/ONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ .bdsoOg&gs HOANG THI* LUYEN PHAT TRIEN XUAT KHAU TRlfC TIEP CUA TONG CONG TY MAY 10 DEN NAM 2020 ■ CHUVCN NGANH: KINH T€DOI NGOAI TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY HA NOI-2012 I{ i TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • CHUONG1 MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE • • PHAT TRIEN XUAT KHAU TRUC TIEP HANG MAY MAC • • 1.1 Hang may mac va vai fro cua xuat khau tryc tiep hang may mac X 1.1.1 Khai quat ve hang may mac 1.1.1.1 Khai niem hang may mac Hang may mac la nhung mat hang nhu quan, ao, khan cac loai va phu kien di kern vdi quan ao dupe tao sau qua trinh san xuat tu cac chat lieu khac nhu vai, len, da cac doanh nghiep san xuat hang may mac 1.1.1.2 Dac diem cua hang may mac - Chu ky song cua hang may mac cang rut ngan - Hang may mac dupe su dung thuong xuyen va lien tuc - Hang may mac co tinh nhay cam cao - Hang may mac the hien nhieu gia tri khac 1.1.2 Vai tro cua xuat khau true tiep hang may mac \ r r 1.1.2.1 Khai niem ve xuat khau true tiep hang may mac Xuat khau true tiep la hinh thuc xuat khau hang hoa ma cac doanh nghiep ngoai thuong true tiep tien hanh cac giao dich vdi khach hang nude ngoai thong qua cac to chuc cua minh Co hai hinh thuc xuat khau true tiep: Dai dien ban hang va dai ly phan phoi Hien cac doanh nghiep det may Viet Nam xuat khau hang may mac thuong ap dung phuong phap xuat khau true tiep la: FOB va ODM Thong qua xuat khau true tiep hang mac, cac doanh nghiep det may co the thu dupe lpi nhuan cao hon giam dupe cac chi phi trung gian, viec xuat khau dien nhanh chong va mang lai hieu qua cao hon 1.1.2.2 Vai tro cua xuat khau true tiep hang may mac + Doi vdi nen kinh te ii Xuat khau true tiep hang may mac tao nguon von chu yeu cho nhap khau phuc vu cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude Xuat khau true tiep hang may mac co tac dong tich cue den viec giai quyet cong an viec lam va cai thien ddi song ngudi dan Xuat khau true tiep hang may mac gop phan chuyen dich co cau nen kinh te, thuc day san xuat phat trien Xuat khau true tiep hang may mac la co so de md rong va thuc day cac quan he kinh te ddi ngoai cua dat nude + Ddi vdi doanh nghiep - Thong qua xuat khau true tiep hang may mac, cac doanh nghiep san xuat va kinh doanh hang may mac nude cd co hoi tham gia va tiep can vao thi trudng the gidi - Xuat khau true tiep gop phan day manh lien doanh, lien ket gitra cac doanh nghiep va ngoai nude mot each tu giac, md rong quan he kinh doanh, khai thac va su dung cd hieu qua cac nguon luc hien cd, giai quyet cong an viec lam cho ngudi lao dong - San xuat hang may mac xuat khau giup doanh nghiep det may thu hut dupe nhieu lao dong vao lam viec tao thu nhap on dinh, tao ngoai te de nhap khau nguyen lieu phuc vu cho san xuat hang hoa, dap ung nhu cau thi trudng 1.1.3 Kha nang va lod the cua Tdng cong ty May 10 xuat khau true tiep hang may mac - Tdng cong ty May 10 la mot so it doanh nghiep cd quy md san xuat ldn, vdi khoang 10.000 lao dong Day la dieu kien tot giup doanh nghiep khai thac loi the cua quy md nhu cd the dam nhan cac don hang ldn - Tdng cong ty May 10 da cd lich su hinh va phat trien tu lau, do cd be day kinh nghiem san xuat va xuat khau, mang ludi phan phoi duqc xay dung va phat trien da tu nhieu nam, dong thdi thiet lap duoc quan he doi tac truyen thong vdi nhieu nha cung cap, khach hang tai cac thi trudng chu luc nhu Hoa Ky, EU, Nhat Ban, - Viet Nam cd nguon lao dong ddi dao va chi phi nhan cong re Ngudi lao dong cd truyen thong can cu, cham chi, kheo leo, ham hoc hoi cd kha nang tiep thu iii nhanh cac ky thuat cong nghe moi la mot nhtrng lqi the quan cua nganh may mac Viet Nam noi chung - Viet Nam la quoc gia co vi tri dia ly va vi tri giao thuong kinh te thuan lqi cho giao luu hang hoa vdi nude ngoai Vi tri dia ly cua Viet Nam thuan tien cho giao thucmg hang hoa quoc te khong chi thong qua dudng hai ma thong qua dudng bo va dudng hang khong - Viet Nam cd dieu kien de phat trien nguon nguyen lieu cho nganh may mac, phuc vu true tiep cho nghanh san xuat, xuat khau hang may mac - Trong thdi gian qua, Nha nude da ban hanh nhieu chinh sach thuong mai va dau tu cd tac dong tich cue, khuyen khich xuat khau hang may mac 1.2 Noi dung va cac nhan to tac dong den phat trien xuat khau tryc tiep hang may mac 1.2.1.1 Md rong thi trudng xuat khau true tiep hang may mac - Md rong thi trudng xuat khau true tiep hang may mac dong nghia vdi viec day manh xuat khau true tiep - Md rong thj trudng xuat khau true tiep hang det may la dieu kien de mot doanh nghiep xuat khau hang may mac ton tai, phat trien va de cac hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh duqc dien binh thuong - Md rong thi trudng xuat khau true tiep la dieu kien de mot doanh nghiep xuat khau hang may mac khai thac nhung tiem nang va the manh - Md rong thi trudng xuat khau true tiep hang may mac giup cho doanh nghiep xuat khau hoa nhap nen kinh te the gidi dupe dien nhanh chong dong thdi gop phan md rong va thuc day cac quan he kinh te doi ngoai cua dat nude Viec danh gia hieu qua cua hoat dong md rong thi trudng xuat khau true tiep thuong cd mot so chi tieu dinh luqng cu the, nhu: Chi tieu so lupng thi trudng xuat khau cua doanh nghiep nam (Tn); Chi tieu ludng toe tang so luqng thi trudng xuat khau binh quan (T); Chi tieu muc tang so luqng khach hang moi binh quan (H); Chi tieu ludng toe tang kim ngach xuat khau binh quan (K) 80 ap dung cac tieu chuan quan ly chat luong quoc te la mot nhung giai phap giup doanh nghiep quan ly tot nhat chi phi san xuat hang may mac, giam thdi gian “chet” giua cac cong doan san xuat, giam ty le hang loi, hang hong khong dat yeu cau cua khach hang Can co su lien ket chat che giua cac doanh nghiep san xuat hang may mac va cac doanh nghiep san xuat hang phu tro cho hang may mac nudc nham tao the chu dong san xuat va giam chi phi va cudi cung la gia san pham nang cao hieu qua xuat khau Day manh ung dung cua thuong mai dien tu kinh doanh, ung dung thuong mai dien tu cac hoat dong mua, ban hang va quang cao gidi thieu san pham, tim kiem thong tin thi trudng, toan qudc te, tham tri ky hop ddng Nhung ung dung thuong mai dien tu cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam noi chung va Tdng cong ty May 10 noi rieng han che ve thong tin, hinh thuc, chat luong thong tin, muc cap nhat, Vi vay khai thac tdi da thuong mai dien tu vao kinh doanh se gop phan to ldn lam giam chi phi kinh doanh ma dem lai kha nang canh tranh cao, tu tang hieu qua hoat dong xuat khau Nang cao trinh chuyen mon va trinh ngoai ngu cua cac nha quan ly va nhan vien kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep Hien nay, rao can ve ngoai ngu la thach thuc rat ldn doi vdi cac nha quan ly va nhan vien kinh doanh cua Tdng cong ty Vi vay, doanh nghiep can chu y hon nang cao trinh ngoai ngu cho cac nha quan ly, nhan vien kinh doanh cho ho cd the giao dich, nghien cuu thi trudng, tim kiem khach hang bang tieng Anh de dang Dieu nay, gop phan giup cac doanh nghiep nam bat nhieu co hoi kinh doanh tren thi trudng qudc te, tang kha nang xu ly thong tin, hieu qua lam viec, qua nang cao hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh Nang cao hieu qua qua trinh thu mua nguyen phu lieu phuc vu san xuat va xuat khau Doanh nghiep can to chuc he thong tim kiem, khai thac va thu mua nguyen phu lieu cung nhu phuong thuc thu mua linh hoat, dam bao chu dong ngudn nguyen phu lieu cho san xuat ddng thdi rut ngan dupe thdi gian san xuat va thdi gian giao hang 81 w x r • r r 3.2.4 Tang cud’ng cac hoat dong marketing thuong mai qudc te, thuc hien xay dung va phat trien thuong hieu Marketing thi truang quoc te dac biet quan doi vdi san pham det may, dac diem cua nhom hang la yeu cau cao ve sir phu hup vdi cac tieu chuan xuat khau, truyen thong van hoa, xu hudng thoi trang, Ngoai viec nang cao chat luong va gia san pham, doanh nghiep can phai chu y den nang luc tiep thi, chu dong thuc hien cac hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai thi trudng quoc te Cu the la: - Chu dong tim kiem doi tac, chao hang thong qua tham gia vao hoi tro trien lam va hoi thao chuyen de - Tim hieu va nghien cuu thi trudng quoc te thong qua Phong Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam, Cue Xuc tien Thuong mai - Bo Thuong mai, tham tan thuong mai cua cac nudc tai Viet Nam, de nam dupe chinh sach kinh te, thuong mai cua cac qudc gia do, nhu cau va thi hieu tieu dung cua thi trudng, bien dong nhu cau thi trudng - Doanh nghiep phai ap dung cac bien phap marketing de phat hien nhung hang de tri va cung cd uy tin cua hang hoa Viet Nam vdi ngudi tieu dung tai cac qudc gia nhap khau Cac hoat dong xuc tien hudng thi trudng qudc te cua doanh nghiep van cdn han che, vi vay viec md rong hoat dong la vo cung can thiet Cac hoat dong xuc tien cung luc phai hudng vao ca hai doi tuong la ngudi tieu dung cuoi cung va cac nha nhap khau, nha ban buon, ban le Ve hoat dong quang cao: Day la phuong thuc quan trong hinh thai thi trudng canh tranh Quang cao khong chi don thuan la van de thong tin ma cdn thuyet phuc ngudi mua Khi thuc hien quang cao, doanh nghiep can can nhac ky ve hieu qua va chi phi Cd the lua chon cac phuong thuc quang cao nhu: quang cao tren truyen hinh, truyen thanh, qua thu tin, catalog, thong qua an pham, tap tri thdi trang, 82 Ve xuc tien ban hang: Td chuc thudng xuyen hon cac hoi nghi khach hang theo dinh ky doi vdi cac khach hang nude ngoai, nham quang ba, gidi thieu ve doanh nghiep, san pham, kha nang dap ung yeu cau cua khach hang, Ve xay dung va phat trien thuang hieu: Bai hoc xay vdi cafe Trung Nguyen, Nude mam Phu Quoc cho thay vai tro quan cua thuang hieu hang hoa hoat dong xuat khau Vi vay de tham nhap duqc vao thi trudng quoc te, cac doanh nghiep can phai xay dung duqc cho minh thuang hieu rieng va thuang hieu can duoc bao ho tai thi trudng nude ngoai Nhan thuc ro dieu nay, doi vdi nhung thuang hieu da duoc xay dung, Tdng cdng ty May 10 da dang ky nhan hieu hang hoa tai cac thi trudng nude ngoai nhu EU, Hoa Ky, Thuang hieu cua san pham duqc xay dung dua tren chat luong, mau ma, tinh huu dung, , vi vay de xay dung thuang hieu cho san pham doanh nghiep can dam san pham cd chat luong tot, mau ma dep, dap ung thi hieu cua ngudi tieu dung, 3.3 Mot so kien nghi r r 3.3.1 Kien nghi ddi vdi co' quan Nha nude 3.3.1.1 Hoan thien chinh sach tin dung cho nganh det - may Hien cac doanh nghiep san xuat hang may mac Viet Nam noi chung dang r r 9 tinh trang thieu von nghiem de thuc hien thay doi may moc cdng nghe mdi va dao tao nang cao tay nghe cho ngudi lao dong, xay dung va quang ba hinh anh san pham may mac, nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh hang may mac Viet Nam tren thi trudng quoc te Tuy nhien, viec ho trq tai chinh cho cac doanh nghiep san xuat va xuat khau cd the bi han che bdi cac quy dinh ve canh tranh De tranh nhung han che va giup cac doanh nghiep san xuat va xuat khau, nang cao kha nang canh tranh hang may mac, Chinh phu ho trq cac doanh nghiep theo hudng: - Khai thac tdi da nhung uu dai gianh cho cac quoc gia dang phat trien tong ho trq tin dung cho cac doanh nghiep ma WTO cho phep - Tang cudng sue ep canh tranh, tao san choi binh dang kinh doanh, ndi rong quyen kinh doanh cho ngan hang ngoai quoc doanh, md rong viec cap phep hoat dong cho cac chi nhanh ngan hang nude ngoai, nang cao nang luc tai 83 chinh bang each co phan hoa ngan hang quoc doanh va phat hanh co phieu cau ngan hang co phan, tham gia thi truong chung khoan - Tang cuong nang luc quan ly ngan hang, ap dung cac chuan muc va thong le qudc te hoat dong - Tang cuong nang luc danh gia tin dung cua ngan hang, han che tien toi cham dut tinh trang cho vay chi dinh de chuyen hudng cho vay theo kha nang tra no cua khach hang, muc mao hiem cua du an - Thanh lap them cac trung tam thong tin tin dung khach hang nham thu nhap va cung cap thong tin ve khach hang vay tin dung thuoc khu vuc ngoai qudc doanh Day la mang thong tin cdn thieu de phuc vu cho ngan hang cung nhu cho cac doanh nghiep - Phat trien thi trudng chung khoan la mot giai phap huu hieu de giai quyet nhu cau ve von dau tu cua doanh nghiep ldn, cdn cac doanh nghiep vtra va nho van phai dua vao ngudn von ngan hang va ngudn von khong chinh thuc la chu yeu Nha nudc can tiep tuc ddi mdi va phat trien tai chinh doanh nghiep Theo do, can thuc hien co che tai chinh doanh nghiep thong nhat, binh dang, phu hop vdi thong le qudc te, tao mdi trudng thuan loi, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep thuoc moi phan kinh te phat huy moi ngudn luc tu cd va huy dong cac ngudn luc ben ngoai de phat trien san xuat kinh doanh, nang cao sue canh tranh tren thi trudng Thuc hien che ke toan, che bao cao tai chinh thong nhat, co che giam sat tai chinh va kiem toan dinh ky ddi vdi doanh nghiep, phong ngua nhung rui ro kinh doanh, tac dong xau den tai chinh doanh nghiep < A 3.3.1.2 Tiep tuc hoan thien mdi truong dau tu dam bao str thong thoang edi md hon, minh bach hon va on dinh chinh sach Tang cuong thu hut von dau tu nudc ngoai, md rong gidi han linh vuc dau r f \ tu, ty le gop von cua cac to chuc ca nhan nudc ngoai tham gia vao cong ty cd phan va hoat dong dau tu thong qua cac quy dau tu Dieu rat quan trong viec nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua nganh det may Viet Nam, boi da phan cac nha 84 dau tu nudc ngoai la nhung ngudi nhieu von va cd cdng nghe san xuat hien dai, trinh quan ly tien tien va hieu sau sac nhu cau cung nhu yeu cau cua thi trudng Chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep FDI, tao thuan loi va ho tro doanh nghiep tham gia cac lien ket chuoi gia tri hang det may va trd cac nha thau phu cung la each de tang tiem luc von cho doanh nghiep Ddi vdi doanh nghiep det may Nha nudc, can tiep tuc day manh viec sap xep, ddi mdi va co cau lai cac doanh nghiep Theo do, can tap trung vao cac van de sau: - Day manh cai each doanh nghiep det may Nha nudc theo hudng da dang hda hinh thuc sd htru, gan viec cd phan hda cac doanh nghiep vdi niem yet tren thi trudng chinh khoan - Chuyen cac tdng cdng ty sang md hinh cdng ty me cdng ty tren cor sd xay dung, hinh mot sd tap doan det may manh 3.3.1.3 Ho tro doanh nghiep xuc tien thuong mai va ap dung thuong mai dien tur Nha nudc can tang ngan sach cho xuc tien thuong mai, ap dung cac hinh thuc dau thau cung cap dich vu de han che bdt tinh trang thieu hieu qua Tang cudng dao tao, cung cap thong tin thi trudng Dac biet can xay dung he thong thong tin canh bao sdm de qua doanh nghiep chu dong cd nhung phuong an xu ly tdi uu Cac khung kho phap ly co ban cho thuong mai dien tu da dupe ban hanh nam 2005 Song Nha nudc can tiep tuc bo sung cac quy dinh cdn thieu va cu the hda cac Luat da ban hanh Phat trien cac dich vu ho tro dupe ngudi tieu dung tin cay: toan qua ngan hang va van chuyen Tao thuan loi cho viec su dung cac hinh thuc toan dien tu an toan Tang cudng hoat dong tuyen truyen cho ngudi tieu dung va doanh nghiep va cac van de chinh sach va luat phap lien quan den thuong mai dien tu Nha nudc cung can hoan thien, bo xung bo tieu chuan qudc gia hai hda vdi cac tieu chuan cua thi trudng d cac qudc gia, tao co sd dap ung tot hon cho doanh nghiep, qua nang cao dupc uy tin va kha nang canh tranh cua hang hda xuat khau 85 a r 3.3.1.4 Cat giam chi phi san xuat kinh doanh Nang cap co sd tang: Chinh phu giai quyet khan truong cac yeu cau ve quy hoach, phat trien cang, san bay, kho, ben, bai de dap ung kip thdi muc tang trudng nhanh cua hang hoa, dac biet la cang container nhung nam tdi Dau tu, phat trien, khai thac cang bien, cang song, san bay va chien luoc phat trien cac loai hinh van tai phu hop vdi tiem nang va nang luc canh tranh cua Viet Nam ddi vdi khu vuc va the gidi Chinh phu tien hanh cai each co che quan ly cang, san bay theo hudng tu hoa hoat dong khai thac cho moi phan kinh te dudi su dieu tiet cua nha nude, dong thdi nang cao vai tro cua Hiep hoi cac cang bien, cang song Viet Nam, dieu tiet vi mo thi trudng dich vu hang hai, hang khong va van tai dudng bo, dudng sat theo hudng dam bao chat luong theo chuan muc quoc te, giam vai tro trung gian, tao mdi trudng canh tranh lanh manh linh vuc 3.3.1.5 Day manh cai each thu tuc hanh chinh Thdi gian qua cdng tac cai each hanh chinh da duqc da duqc chu hon, gan ket va phuc vu tot hon cho doanh nghiep noi chung va cac doanh nghiep det may noi rieng Tuy nhien, budc cai each thu tuc hanh chinh cua ta van khiem ton, chua theo kip vdi yeu cau phat trien, chua dap ung duqc doi hoi cua doanh nghiep Theo thong ke, Viet Nam la mot nude cd ty le chi phi nhap thi trudng cua cac doanh nghiep cao nhat khu vuc De lap mot doanh nghiep va di vao hoat dong can khoang 11 thu tuc (tir xin ma sd thue, lap dat he thong dien nude, dien thoai, phong chay, chua chay, giay phep xay dung nha xuong cho den giay chung nhan ve mdi trudng) Vdi chi phi khoang 63 cong 179USD, tuong duong vdi 30% GDP dau ngudi/nam Cdng doan d Australia chi mat hai thu tuc, hai va 2% GDP binh quan dau ngudi, tai Singapore la thu tuc, va 1,2% GDP binh quan dau ngudi Ddi vdi nhieu doanh nghiep, chi phi khong chinh thuc cho bo may chinh quyen ldn hon nhieu lan so vdi tien lap doanh nghiep va tien nop thue Dac biet tinh trang giay phep van ton tai kha bien va co hien tuong tai phat Nhung bat cap cong them vdi su yeu kem noi tai 86 qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh lam cho kha nang cua doanh nghiep noi chung cac doanh nghiep san xuat, xuat khau det may giam xuong 3.3.1.6 Dao tao nguon nhan lure cho nganh det may Xuat phat tir yeu cau nguon nhan lire co chat lugng cao cho cac doanh nhiep san xuat kinh doanh may mac, dong thdi xac dinh day la yeu to anh hudng manh tdi nang cao kha nang canh tranh hang may mac tren thi trudng qudc te Viec nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan luc cac doanh nghiep may khong the tu doanh nghiep giai quyet dugc, ma can co sir ho trg cua Chinh phu mdi cd the dap ung yeu cau ve so lugng, chat lugng ngudi lao dong Cho nen, Chinh phu, Bo cong nghiep giup cac danh nghiep theo hudng: - Can co chuong trinh dao tao lao dong cho nganh det - may theo mot chuong trinh dao tao qudc gia d cac trudng Dai hoc, Cao dang va trudng day nghe, nhung chuong trinh dugc nghien cuu va dao tao chuyen sau, tao nhung nha quan ly va ngudi lao dong cd tay nghe cao linh vuc Lay tieu chi nghien cuu - san xuat - dao tao lam tieu chi chu dao viec gan ket giua cac trudng dai hoc hoac vien nghien cuu vdi cac doanh nghiep may mac viec xay dung khung chuong trinh dao tao d cac trudng, vien Yeu to mang tinh lau dai, thuong xuyen phu hgp vdi chien luge phat trien nganh det - may dai han cua Viet Nam nen ddi hoi phai co mot chuong trinh dao tao ro rang va khoa hgc - Cd chinh sach tang tiep nhan va chuyen giao nhung chuong trinh day nghe, phoi hgp giua cac trudng cao dang va dai hgc cd lien quan dao tao theo yeu cau cua doanh nghiep, md rong quy mo dao tao hoac thu hut viec dao tao nhan luc cho cac doanh nghiep may mac tu cac phan kinh te 3.3.1.7 Hoan thien he thong phap luat Mdi trudng kinh doanh se tro nen lanh manh, minh bach, hoan thien cd mot he thong luat phap hoan chinh, thong thoang, tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep phat trien tir kinh doanh nhung hang hoa khong bi nha nudc cam va canh tranh lanh manh Chinh phu can nghien cuu de hoan thien luat phap theo hudng dong bo, nghien cuu nhung khuc mac, nhung e ngai tir phia cac nha dau tu nhu giay 87 phep dau tu, thu tuc dang ky dau tu mdi va dang ky dieu chinh cac vu tranh chap ma so thue hoan thue gia tri gia tang, hoan thue thu nhap doanh nghiep cho cac cong ty dung loi nhuan tai dau tu Cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai chua phat huy het kha nang san xuat va xuat khau hang may mac, nguyen nhan chinh la cac bo luat lien quan cdn chua hoan chinh theo thong le qudc te, tinh minh bach, rd rang chua cao, tao su lo ngai cua cac nha dau tu ca nudc va nudc ngoai Ngoai ra, bo Luat Canh tranh da xay dung xong nhung ap dung luat dang vap phai nhung kho khan bdi nhung doanh nghiep doc quyen cua Nha nudc, nhieu hanh vi canh tranh khong lanh manh nhung khong xu ly duoc theo Luat Canh tranh Viec sdm dua bo Luat tren vao thuc hien se gop phan rat ldn vao nang cao kha nang canh tranh hang may mac Viet Nam 3.3.2 Kien nghi ddi vdi Hiep hoi Det - May Viet Nam Vai trd cua Hiep hoi det may la rat quan trong viec giup cac doanh nghiep det may nang cao nang luc canh tranh De lam tot chuc nang nay, Hiep hoi Det may can tap trung vao cac van de sau: - Tang cudng lien ket giua cac doanh nghiep, hiep hoi cd the dong vai trd chu dao viec tao lap mdi lien ket giua cac doanh nghiep Hiep hoi la chat gan ket giua cac doanh nghiep vdi - Can tang cudng cung cap thong tin ve chinh sach va phap luat cho cac doanh nghiep, cung cap thong tin thi trudng, cung cap thong tin cdng nghe mdi va tuu san pham cua cac hoi vien Hien hoat dong cung cap thong tin ve phap luat, chinh sach va thi trudng qudc te, ho tro xuc tien gap go va trao doi vdi cac ddi tac qudc te da duoc hiep hoi dinh ky thuc hien cd hieu qua Tuy nhien, cac khau tiep theo nhu: tim hieu va tham dinh nang luc cua ddi tac qudc te, dam phan ve cac giao ket, chon lua cac co quan tai phan hop ddng Chu yeu van tung doanh nghiep hiep hoi dong thdi cung la doi thu canh tranh cua nen cac bai hoc kinh nghiem thuong it dupe tich luy tri thuc chung, ngoai tru cac vi anh hudng den quyen loi cua da sd vien Vi vay, Hiep hoi co the xem xet thiet lap cac co sd du lieu nghien cuu thi trudng chyen nganh de cung ung cho cac hoi vien, bao gom cac thong tin ve: 88 - Quy md thi truong, cau true thi trudng (cac phan mang) - Cac chuan gia tri tieu dung (consumer values) cua xa hoi qua cac giai doan phat trien - Sue mua, loi song, y thich va thi hieu cua tirng nhom ngudi tieu dung khac - Nhan dinh cua khach hang ve cac nhan hieu dang canh tranh vdi qua cac loi ich hay cac cam nhan co y nghia doi vdi ho Day la cac thong tin can duoc dau tu thu nhap, xu ly va kiem chung lau dai, het sue ton kem va nam ngoai kha nang tu thuc hien cua doanh nghiep vien nhung het sue co y nghia de giup cac doanh nghiep hoach dinh chien luoc nhan hieu cung nhu dap ung cao hon cac nhu cau cua xa hoi Ngudn kinh phi thuc hien cd the duoc huy dong tir cac doanh nghiep hoi vien, tir cac chinh sach hay du an ho tro cua chinh phu Ngoai ra, cung co the thu nhap cac dir lieu va thong tin da cdng bo cua nhieu to chuc khac nhau, dac biet la cua cac to chuc nghien ciru thi trudng nude ngoai - Xay dung, phat trien uy tin va hinh anh san pham det may d thi trudng quoc te - Phat trien cac dich vu ho trq, tiep can thi trudng xuat khau, to chuc cac doan doanh nghiep di tham quan, tham gia hoi cho quoc te - To chuc dao tao, tu van cdng nghe va ky thuat, tu van co hoi kinh doanh - Hiep hoi phai trd trung tarn tieng noi cua cac doanh nghiep det may viec kien nghi cac co che, chinh sach len Chinh phu, cac co quan chuc nang Dong thdi hiep hoi can lam tot cdng tac bao ve cac doanh nghiep vien cac tranh chap thuong mai quoc te 3.3.3 Kien nghi ddi vdi Phong Thuang mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI) De ho trq doanh nghiep det may noi chung nang cao nang luc canh tranh tren thi trudng quoc te, Phong Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam can ho trq theo cac hinh thuc sau: 89 Mot la, tang cudng cong tac xuc tien thuong mai va dau tu Theo do, can tap trung xay dung he thdng thong tin co hieu qua, xay dung mang ludi xuc tien thuong mai va dau tu tren co so hop tac vdi cac co quan chuc nang cua Chinh phu, cac to chuc xuc tien, cac phong thuong mai tren the gidi Can chu tham gia cac hoat dong ngoai giao kinh te su dung cac cong cu truyen thdng, cac su kien van hoa vao muc tieu phat trien quang ba cac doanh nghiep san xuat, xuat khau hang det may Hai la, md rong cac hinh thuc thdng tin va phoi hop hoat dong vdi cac hiep hoi doanh nghiep, tap trung hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai va dau tu true tiep vdi cac doanh nghiep ldn, tang cuong hoat dong bao ve va ho tro doi vdi doanh nghiep, ddng thdi cd hinh thuc thich hon de cac doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nudc ngoai giao luu, trao doi y kien ve mdi trudng kinh doanh Ba la, can xay dung va trien khai tot chuong trinh de cac hoi vien cd the giup lan nhau, vi du nhu tao dieu kien cac doanh nghiep lien ket va hop tac vdi nhau, tiep thi tap the de tham nhap vao thi trudng mdi Bon la, day manh phat trien cac dien dan doanh nghiep cd co hoi phan anh nhung kho khan, ddng thdi dua nhung kien nghi vdi cac co quan chinh quyen Nam la, phoi hop vdi cac co quan lien quan xay dung mot co so du lieu day du va cap nhat ve doanh nghiep san xuat, xuat khau hang det may Viet Nam Sau la, can to chuc thuc hien tot cac cong tac nghien cuu, tu van ap dung cac giai phap doi mdi quan ly doanh nghiep Trong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te, hoat dong quan ly doanh nghiep lien tuc thay ddi, doi hoi mdi nha quan ly khon ngtrng cap nhat nhung kien thuc mdi ve quan ly De lam tot viec nay, can phat trien doi ngu chuyen gia thdng qua viec dao tao, nghien cuu thuc tien tai doanh nghiep de rut nhung kinh nghiem tu thuc tien quan ly To chuc hoat dong nghien cuu ca phat trien (R&D) cac noi dung mdi de dap ung nhu cau cau cua doanh nghiep Bay la, can ddng vai tro dau mdi de to chuc mot trung tam so sanh chuan doanh nghiep cua cac doanh nghiep det may Day la mot hinh thuc kha bien tren the gidi Hinh thuc la de to chuc nghien cuu cac thuc tien quan ly cua cac 90 doanh nghiep de tim thuc tien quan ly tot nhat, chia se kinh nghiem quan ly vdi cac doanh nghiep khac de ho cung phat trien Tam la, can thuc day hoat dong ho tro true tuyen qua trang web cua Phdng Cdng nghiep va Thuong mai Viet Nam, tro giup doanh nghiep ung dung thuong mai dien tu 3.3.4 Kien nghi ddi vdi Tap doan Det - May Viet Nam Nang cao vai trd de tao dung lien ket chat che giua cac doanh nghiep Tap doan tao sue manh tdng hop Ngoai Tap doan Det - May Viet Nam cung can tich cue tim kiem, nam bat thong tin ve thi trudng the gidi de cd the kip thdi cung cap cho cac vien xu hudng bien dong cua thi trudng the gidi Ddng thdi tu dua cac kien nghi doi vdi chinh phu cd nhung chinh sach phu hop de ho tro xuat khau det may, ma thi trudng det may gap nhieu kho khan Tap doan Det - May Viet Nam cung can ho tro cac doanh nghiep vien cac hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai nhu: td chuc cac chuyen di tim hieu thi trudng thuc te d nudc ngoai, hay tao dieu kien cho cac don vi vien tham gia quang ba hinh anh san pham, thuong hieu tai cac hoi tro, trien lam ve thdi trang 91 KET LUAN Nganh may mac xuat khau cua Viet Nam noi chung va cua Tdng cong ty May 10 noi rieng vdi nhieu loi the ve luc luong lao dong ddi dao, truyen thong lau ddi nhieu doanh nghiep dau tu san xuat, duoc su quan tarn cua Nha nude da va dang cd su phat trien manh me Nganh cdng nghiep det may noi chung va nganh may mac noi rieng da trd nganh san xuat mui nhon , gop phan tang trudng kinh te, giai quyet viec lam, thuc hien dudng loi cdng nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa dat nude Tuy nhien cac doanh nghiep may mac Viet Nam chu yeu la gia cdng san xuat theo don hang cua khach hang quoc te, do loi nhuan tir hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh thap, hieu qua san xuat khong cao Do vay de tai “Phat trien xuat khau true tiep cua Tdng cdng ty May 10 den nam 2020” duoc nghien cuu vdi mong muon tim nguyen nhan va dua giai phap phat trien xuat khau true tiep cua Tdng cdng ty May 10 noi rieng va hang may mac Viet Nam noi chung Bam sat muc tieu, nhiem vu, ddi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu da duoc lua chon, luan van da dua vao each tiep can cua quan tri marketing ve phat trien thi trudng va ly thuyet thuong mai quoc te chuoi gia tri toan cau ddi vdi hang det may de nghien cuu cac giai phap phat trien xuat khau hang may mac Trong khuon kho cua luan van, luan van da dat mot sd ket qua sau: - He thong hoa mot sd van de ly luan ve thuong mai quoc te noi chung va phat trien xuat khau noi rieng Trong do, luan van nghien cuu cac co sd ly luan ve phat trien xuat khau, phan tich bai hoc cdng cua mot sd nude nhu Trung Quoc, An Do tu rut bai hoc cho nganh det - may xuat khau cua Viet Nam - Luan van da di sau phan tich thuc trang cua hoat dong xuat khau true tiep tai Tdng cdng ty May 10, danh gia ket qua va tim nguyen nhan cdng lam co sd de phat huy, dong thdi luan van chi nhung han che cdn ton tai va de xuat cac giai phap khac phuc han che Vdi nhung phan tich logic dua tren cac can cu khoa hoc, luan van da ket hop giua ly thuyet hien dai phu hop vdi xu the mdi canh tranh, md rong thi 92 trudng, phat trien xuat khau Nhung giai phap ma luan van dua co can cu khoa hoc, kha nang thuc hien cao va dem lai ket qua cong ldn Nhung giai phap khong chi co gia tri mot vai nam ma cdn co gia tri nhieu nam tdi bdi nd phu hop vdi xu the phat trien cua xuat khau hang may mac cua Viet Nam noi chung va phu hop vdi mdi trudng qudc te canh tranh gay gat Nhung kien nghi ma luan van dua dua tren cac ket qua nghien cuu, tham gia y kien cua chuyen gia, nhung nha quan ly doanh nghiep Nhung kien nghi ma luan van dua khong chi mang tinh chat la nghien cuu khoa hoc ma cdn la nhung mong muon sdm duoc thuc hien doi vdi hang may mac xuat khau cua Viet Nam, nhung kien nghi it nhieu cung cd gia tri doi vdi cac co quan quan ly nha nudc de nghien cuu va hoan thien chinh sach 93 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Do Due Binh Nguyen Thuong Lang (2008), Giao trinh Kinh te Qudc te, Nha xuat ban DH Kinh te Quoc dan Nguyen Huy Bot, Thirang mai qudc te va phat trien thi truang xuat khau, Nha xuat ban Thong ke - Ha Noi Dang Phuong Dung (2008), Nganh det may Viet Nam khuon kho hoi nhap sau rong vao mang ludi san xuat khu vuc Ddng A, Bao cao Hoi thao Hudng tdi hoi nhap kinh te Ddng A, Ha Noi Dang Dinh Dao, Hoang Due Than (2003), Giao trinh Kinh te Thirang mai, Nha xuat ban Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc dan Ganeshan Wignaraja (2003), Phan tich kha nang canh tranh va chien lucre, Vien nghien cuu Quan ly Kinh te Trung uong Nguyen Hoang (2009), Gidi phap nang cao nang luc canh tranh xuat khau vaothi trudng cac nudc EU cua doanh nghiep det may Viet Nam giai doan hien nay, Luan an tien si kinh te - 2005 Nguyen Quang Huy (2001), Nhung gidi phap thuc day xuat khau hang det may cua Tdng cdng ty det may Viet Nam, Luan van thac si kinh te - Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc dan - 2001 Nguyen Thi Xuan Huong (2001), Xuc tien ban hang kinh doanh thirang mai d Viet Nam - Nhirng van de ly luan va thuc tien, NXB Thong ke Keinosuke Ono - Tatsuyuki Negoro (2001), Quan tri chien luqc cac doanh nghiep san xuat, NXB Thanh Ho Chi Minh 10 Do Thi Loan (2008), Day manh viec tham gia vao chuoi gid tri det may toan cau nham nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep det may Viet Nam, De tdi nghien cuu khoa hoc cap Bo, Ma sd 2007 - 78 - 002 11 Bui Xuan Luu (2002), Giao trinh Kinh te ngoai thirang, NXB Giao due 12 Michael E Porter (2008), Lai the canh tranh, Nha xuat ban tre 94 13 Than Danh Phuc (2001), Ndng cao sue canh tranh san pham det may xuat khau Viet Nam xu the hoi nhap quoc te, Luan an tien si kinh te - 2001 14 Nguyen Xuan Quang (1999), Giao trinh Marketing thuong mai, NXB Thong ke 15 Hiep hoi det may Viet Nam (2007), Huong dan Marketing xuat khau hang det may sang thi trudng EU 16 Tong cong ty may 10 (2011), Bao cao so ket cac nam 2005 - 2011 17 Tong cong ty May 10 - Phong Ke hoach, So lieu xuat khau, cac nam 2005-2011 18 Tong cong ty May 10 - Phong Thi truong, Bao cao thudng nien, cac nam 2005-2011 19 Trung tarn xuc tien thuong mai va dau tu TP Ho Chi Minh, Tai lieu nghien ciru nganh hang det may Viet Nam, Tai lieu luu hang noi bo 20 Van kien dai hoi Dang Ian thu X va XI, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi