Phát triển kinh doanh ngoại hối của tổng công ty cổ phần dầu khí việt nam

TRUCJNG DAI HOC KINH QU6c DAN - DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN TH If VIEN PHONG LUAN AN-TU LIEU NGUYEN THI• RICH NGOC • PHAT TRIEN KINH DOANH NGOAI Hflil CUA ■ tAng cOng ty tAi chi'nh cd phAn dAu khI w£t nam CHUYfiN NGANH: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QU(5c it LILMVANTHACSYQUANTR1KINHD0ANH 7«!’ NGUO’I HU’tfNG DAN KHOA HOC: TS TA LOI HA NOI -2011 fl MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CHC VIET TAT DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY LOI MO DAU CHUONG 1: NHU’NG VAN DE CO BAN VE PHAT TRIEN KINH DOANH NGOAI • HOI CUA NGAN HANG THUONG MAI • LI •> r > q Phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi va tam quan cua phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua cac Ngan hang thuo’ng mai (NHTM) 1.1 Phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi 1.1.2 Tam quan cua phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua cac Ngan hang thuong mai 1.2 Noi dung phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Ngan hang thuong mai 1.2.1 Noi dung phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Ngan hang thuong mai 1.2.2 Ch i tiuu danh gia viec pha t Uecn kihh ooanh nooa i ho i cua Ngan hang 1.3 thuong mai 14 r •> r Nhan to anh hudng toi phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua cac Ngan hang thuong mai 17 1.3.1 Cac nhan th ben ngoai Ngan hang thuong mai 17 Ccc nhnn to ben cua Ngdn hnng; thuong mai 22 1.4 So can thiet phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tong Cong ty Tai chinh co phan Dau Viet Nam 24 CHUONG 2: THIJ'C TRANG PHAT TRIEN KINH DOANH NGOAI HOI CUA TONG CONG TY TAI CHINH CO PHAN DAU KHI VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 2007 - 2011 26 2.1 Dcc diem cua Tong Cngg tg Tai ^^0 CO phnn Dun Viet Nam 26 2.1.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua Cong ty Tai chinh Cd phan Dau Viet Nam 26 2.1.2 So to chuc quan ly cua Tdng Cong ty Tai chinh co phan Dau Viet Nam 28 2.1.4 Cac san pham va dich vu kinh doanh 28 2.1.5 Tinh hinh hoat dong kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty giai doan 2007 - 2011 30 2.1.6 Khai quat ve tinh hinh kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tong Cong ty Tai chinh Co phan Dau Viet Nam 35 2.2 Thue trang phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tong Cong ty Tai chinh Co phan Dau Viet Nam giai doan 2007 - 2011 37 2.2.1 Noi dung phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tong Cong ty Tai chinh Co phan Dau Viet Nam giai doan 2007 - 2011 37 2.2.2 Chi tieu danh gia phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tong Cong ty Tai chinh Co phan Dau Viet Nam giai doan 2007 - 2011 48 2.2.3 Danh gia viec phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tdng Cong ty Tai chinh cd phan Dau Viet Nam giai doan 2007 - 2011 57 CHlTONG 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN KINH DOANH NGOAI HOI CUA TONG CONG TY TAI CHINH CO PHAN DAU KHI VIET NAM (PVFC) DEN NAM 2020 63 3.1 Xu huong phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi o’ Viet Nam 63 3.2 Thuan loi va kho khan phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tdng Cong ty Tai chinh Co phan Dau Viet Nam 66 3.2.1 Thuan loi 3.2.2 Kho khan 67 3.3 Phuong huong phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi cua Tdng Cong ty 66 tai chinh cd phan Dau Viet Nam den nam 2020 74 3.4 Giai phap phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hoi ciiaTong Cong ty Tai chinh cd phan Dau Viet Nam den nam 2020 75 3.4.1 Da dang hoa loai hinh va san pham kinh doanh ngoai hoi 75 3.4.2 Da dang hoa cac loai ngoai te kinh doanh 78 3.4.3 Xay dung chinh sach khach hang phu hup va mu rong pham vi kinh doanh 78 3.4.4 Phat trien nguon nhan luc 82 3.4.5 Dau tu hien dai hoa cu su vat chat, cong nghe thong tin phuc vu hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hoi 83 3.5 Mot so kien nghi 86 3.5.1 Kien nghi vui Ngan hang nha nude 86 3.5.2 Kien nghi vui Tap doan Dau Quoc gia Viet Nam 89 KET LUAN 91 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 93 r _ a , x _ _ z _ _ ~ DANH MUC CAC TV VIET TAT TIENG VIET • STT Tir viet tat • Chu giai CBNV Can bo nhan vien KD Kinh doanh KDNH Kinh doanh ngoai hoi NHNN Ngan hang nha nudc NHTM Ngan hang thuong mai NHTW Ngan hang Trung nong TCKT To chuc kinh te TCTD To chuc tin dung DANH MUC CAC TU' VIET TAT TIENG ANH STT Tu viet tat ASEAN Dien giai tieng Anh Dien giai tieng Viet Association of Southeast Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Asian Nations Nam A AUD Australian Dollar Do la Uc CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio Ty le an toan von CPI Consumer Price Index Chi so gia tieu dung EUR Euro Dong tien chung Chau Au FDI Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai GDP Gross Domestic Product Tong san pham quoc noi GPB British Pound Bang Anh JPY Japanese Yen Yen Nhat Morgan Stanley International Tap doan Tai chfnh Morgan Holdings Inc Stanley 10 11 12 13 MSIHI ODA PVFC Official Development Assistance Ho tro phat trien chinh thuc Petrovietnam Finance Tong Cong ty Tai chinh co Corporation phan Dau Viet Nam Tap doan Dau Quoc gia PVN Petrovietnam ROA Return on total assets ROE Return of Common Equity 16 SGD Singapore Dollar Do la Singapore 17 USD American Dollar Dong la My Vietnam Chamber of Phong thuong mai va cong Commerce and Industry nghiep Viet Nam 14 15 18 VCCI Viet Nam Ty suat loi nhuan rong tren tong tai san Ty suat loi nhuan vong tren von chu so huu 19 VND Vietnam Dong Dong Viet Nam 20 WTO World Trade Organization To chuc thuong mai the gioi DANH MUC BANG Bang 2.1: Ty le hoan ke hoach cua PVFC tir nam 2001 den nam 2007 31 Bang 2.2: Bao cao ket qua kinh doanh nam 2007 - 2011 33 Bang 2.3: So luong giao dich cho moi loai hinh kinh doanh ngoai te cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 38 Bang 2.4: Doanh so mua ban ngoai te cua PVFC tu nam 2007 den nam 2011 44 Bang 2.5: Danh sach va phan cap cac chi nhanh cua PVFC 48 Bang 2.6: Tong hop so luong khach hang mua ban ngoai te 53 Bang 2.7: Ket qua kinh doanh ngoai te cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den 2011 55 DANH MUC BIEU DO • Bieu 2.1: Doanh thu cua PVFC tir nam 2001 den nam 2007 31 Bieu 2.2: So du huy dong bang ngoai te (da quy doi) cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 42 Bieu 2.3: So du cho vay bang ngoai te (da quy doi) cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 43 Bieu 2.4: Doanh so mua ban USD cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 45 Bieu 2.5: Doanh so mua ban EUR cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 46 Bieu 2.6: Toe tang loai hinh san pham KDNH cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 49 Bieu 2.7: Doanh so mua USD EUR cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 .51 Bieu 2.8: Toe tang doanh sd mua USD, EUR cua PVFC tir nam 2009 den nam 2011 52 Bieu 2.9: Doanh so ban USD, EUR cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 52 Bieu 2.10: Toe tang luong khach hang mua ban ngoai hoi cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den nam 2011 53 Bieu 2.11: Lai thuan tir kinh doanh ngoai te cua PVFC tir nam 2007 den 2011 57 DANH MUC HINH Hinh 2.1: So to chirc Tong Cong ty Tai chinh Co phan Dau VN 28 TRLfCJNG DAI HOC KINH QU(5c DAN - NGUYEN THI• BICH NGOC • PHATTRIEN KINH DOANH NGOAI HOl CUA tAng cOng n tAi chInh cd phAn dAu khI viet nam CHUYfiN NGANH: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QU6c Tfi TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY HA NOI-2011 11 rf i LOI MO DAU Vai vai trd la cau noi giua kinh te noi dia vdi kinh te the giai, giua thi truang ngoai hoi Viet Nam vai thi truang ngoai hoi the giai, cac to chuc tin dung da va dang tich cuc doi mai toan dien va thich nghi vai nen kinh te thi truang, phai ke den la hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hoi Noi mot cach khac, hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hoi tai cac to chuc tin dung da kich thich luan chuyen cac khoan dau tu va tin dung quoc te, cung ung kip thai ngoai hoi cho cac nha xuat nhap khau, cac nha dau tu va cac chu the khac nen kinh te, dong thai giup thi truang ngoai hoi duac van hanh thong suot Tong Cong ty Tai chinh Co phan Dau Viet Nam (PVFC) - mot to chuc tin dung phi ngan hang van cdn rat non tre va sa khai ve trinh do, quy mo hoat dong cung nhu ky nang thuc hien nghiep vu kinh doanh cdn thua kem so vai cac ngan hang Ke tu lap nam 2000 den nay, trai qua 11 nam phat trien, mac du da co nhieu buac phat trien dang ke nhung hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hoi tai day chi dan thuan d cac giao dich ca ban, mang tinh chat phuc vu nhu cau cua khach hang ma chua khang dinh duac vai trd thuc su cua kinh doanh ngoai hoi, giam thieu toi da rui ro ve ty gia Han nua, thai gian gan day, chiu anh hudng chung cua nen kinh te toan cau, kinh doanh ngoai hoi noi rieng va nen kinh te Viet Nam noi chung gap rat nhieu kho khan Luang ngoai te thieu hut, khong dam bao dap ung nhu cau dan den tinh trang khan hiem ngoai te nghiem trong, ty gia ngoai te bien dong khong ngung Vi vay, viec nghien cuu, phan tich dung dan tinh hinh de dua mot huang kinh doanh ngoai hoi hieu qua nhat dang la mot van de quan tai Tong Cong ty Tai chinh co phan Dau Viet Nam 80 - Tao cong cu quan ly mdi, nhu ben canh so tiet kiem ngoai te cua khach hang dua vao hinh thuc tai khoan tien gui tiet kiem ngoai te de dam bao thu nhan, chi tra tien gui mot each nhanh chong, thuan tien va an toan hon Thu ba, tang cudng cac dich vu thu doi ngoai te, kieu hdi doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam va Viet Kieu d nude ngoai, tarn ly cua ngudi nude ngoai va Viet Kieu chua tin tudng va quen thuoc vdi cac hoat dong cua cac NHTM nude, mat khac chat luqng cac dich vu cua PVFC kem so vdi cac dich vu cua cac chi nhanh ngan hang nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, vi vay cac doi tuqng khach hang cdn chua quan tarn nhieu den viec chuyen doi ngoai te hoac gui ngoai te vao ngan hang De tang cudng thu hut nguon ngoai te tir cac doi tuqng nay, PVFC can cd giai phap hqp ly hon nhu: - Tang cudng tiep thi ve uy tin va cong nghe cua PVFC, hudng dan khach hang nude lua chon nhung hinh thurc chuyen tien, nhung ngan hang dai ly phu hqp de thdng tin cho ngudi than d nude ngoai chuyen tien ve nude - Doi vdi hoat dong kieu hdi, PVFC can td chuc chi tra nhanh chong, thuan tien Tinh phi chuyen tien hqp ly va ap dung mot ty gia hdi doai theo nguyen tac dam bao tinh thdng nhat, tinh canh tranh linh hoat he thdng nham thu hut khoi luqng kieu hdi gui vao hay ban cho PVFC, ddng thdi han che viec ngudi dan nhan kieu hdi qua PVFC sau lai ban thi trudng tu - Xay dung mot he thdng dai ly thu doi ngoai te mot each rong khap, dac biet d khu vuc va nhung khu du lich quan nham thoa man nhu cau tieu dung cua Viet Kieu va ngudi nude ngoai Ddng thdi PVFC phai tang cudng kiem tra doi vdi nghiep vu cua dai ly viec thu doi ngoai te mot each bat hqp phap Thu tu, doi vdi khach hang vay von, day thudng la cac doanh nghiep, td chuc kinh te khac linh vuc kinh doanh xuat nhap khau Ho su dung von vay cd muc dich va tuan thu nguyen tac vay muqn cua PVFC nhung cung cd khach hang lai can tien vdi chu y su dung khong dung muc dich va ho tim moi each de vay tien Vi vay, de md rong hoat dong vi lqi nhuan, PVFC phai vuqt qua su lua chon doi nghich va rui ro ve dao due cua khach hang bang each: 81 Ma rong cho vay ddi vai khach hang truyen thong ve quy md, muc dich cho vay theo kha nang Tuy nhien PVFC phai thuong xuyen danh gia lai nang luc tai chinh td chuc quan ly, kinh doanh ngudi lanh dao, dieu kien hoat dong cua mdi khach hang de phan loai cac nhom khach hang vdi tin cay cao thap khac de quyet dinh md rong hay han che cho vay va ap dung muc lai suat khuyen khich Nguac lai nhung khach hang cd tin cay thap nhu thuong xuyen chain tra no qua han nhieu lan thi PVFC can xem xet cu the trudc quyet dinh cho vay Ddi vdi khach hang cd khoan no ton dong keo dai, thieu hoac khong cd kha nang toan phai cd bien phap kien quyet, dut diem viec xu ly no va dinh chi viec cho vay Md rong cho vay doi vdi cac phan kinh te ngoai qudc doanh PVFC can bam sat chinh sach cua chinh phu ve phat trien cac doanh nghiep ngoai qudc doanh nhu chuong trinh cai each cac doanh nghiep, chinh sach ho tro cac doanh nghiep vua va nho, cac van ban phap luat cua NHNN quy dinh ve tin dung de cu the hoa va van dung cho vay ddi vdi ddi tuong khach hang tren Vdi xu the md cua hoi nhap nhu hien nay, PVFC can hudng hoat dong thj trudng nude ngoai (trudc tien la thi trudng ASEAN, tiep la thi trudng chau A, roi tdi chau My, ), chu dong hoi nhap, ky ket hop dong hop tac vdi nhieu ddi tac cd tiem luc manh va cd tarn anh hudng tren the gidi Nghien cuu thi trudng cua tirng khu vuc ve luat, ton giao, van hoa nganh san xuat de cd nhung san pham - dich vu phu hop nhat vdi khach hang nude ngoai Ve viec md rong pham vi kinh doanh VCCI phan chia mdi trudng kinh doanh cua cac tinh cac nhom: Rat tot tot kha, trung binh, tuong ddi thap va thap Mdi trudng kinh doanh tot thu hut duoc von dau tu va cac doanh nghiep tdi lam an vay la can cu de lira chon phat trien mang ludi Tdi nam 2020, PVFC cd the uu tien can nhac md chi nhanh tai cac tinh duoc xep hang kha trd len (cd 30/63 tinh) Hien nay, chi nhanh cua PVFC chua trai khap ca nude vi PVFC dang chu yeu tap trung vao cac ldn chua chu vao nhung dang cd toc phat trien an tuong PVFC nen tang 82 cudng mo rong chi nhanh vao cac dang phat trien tot vai nam tro lai day nhu Long Xuyen, tinh Bac Lieu, tinh Kien Giang, nhung noi co rat nhieu doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau nude ngoai Ngoai ra, PVFC nen cd quan he dai ly vdi cac ngan hang nude ngoai ma hoat dong ngoai thuong cua Viet Nam dang tien hanh Ben canh viec md rong chi nhanh, dai ly thi PVFC phai tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat cac chi nhanh dai ly, phong giao dich mot each chat che neu hoat dong cua nhung dai ly, phong giao dich nao hoat dong khong hieu qua thdi gian dai thi nen ddng cua de tiet kiem chi phi cho PVFC 3.4.4 Phat trien nguon nhan luc Theo danh gia chung, nguon nhan luc cua PVFC cdn nhieu han che va bat cap Mot mat hieu biet va ky nang thuc hien cac cdng viec chuyen mon cua nhieu can bo chua theo kip va chua dap ung ddi hdi cua hoat dong ngan hang dieu kien canh tranh va hoi nhap, nhat la viec trien khai cac dich vu mdi va theo each thuc hoat dong cua ngan hang hien dai theo chien luge chuyen ddi md hinh cua PVFC Mat khac, cd mot sd can bo dugc dao tao co ban, cd nang luc chuyen mon cao nhung lai chua dugc bo tri, su dung hgp ly, gay lang phi va han che hieu qua su dung can bo Tinh hinh ddi hdi phai tang cudng ve dao tao va str dung hgp ly hon nguon nhan luc theo cac giai phap sau: TTzzr nhat, doi mdi manh me ve nhan thuc va td chuc thuc hien viec dao tao va su dung cdn bo theo dung dudng loi, chu trudng cua Ddng va Nha nude Can xuat phat tu yeu cau cua mdi vi tri cdng tac va lay muc dap ung yeu cau cung nhu yeu cau nang cao nang luc canh tranh va hieu qua hoat dong chung cua PVFC lam can cu, tieu chuan de xay dung va danh gia ket qua dao tao va su dung can bo Thu hai, tap trung gidi quyet tot mau thuan giua viec phai danh nguon cdn bo de dap ung cac yeu cau trudc mat, nhung dong thdi phai danh su dau tic thoa dang cho viec dao tao va dao tao lai cdn bo nham dam bao tot cho cac budc phat trien tiep theo Ben canh viec dut khoat chgn mot sd can bo tre dugc danh gia la cd 83 nang lire va dao due tot cu di dao tao dai han va chuyen sau d va ngoai nude de co kha nang trien khai ap dung cac kien thuc, kinh nghiem hoc dupe; dong thdi coi viec dao tao thdng qua cong viec hang nhu can bo lanh dao tao dieu kien, danh thdi gian chi dan va giao viec cu the, cd danh gia de can bo tang cudng tu hoc, vuom len Thu ba, uu tien de bat su dung sd cdn bo tre co nang luc va dao due tot thay the mot bo phan can bo lanh dao khong theo kip yeu cau su doi mdi nhanh chong cong nghe, khoa hoc to chuc va quan ly hien dai A A Thu tu, cdn nang cao nang luc quan tri dieu hanh cua ban lanh dao P VFC Day la mot nhung yeu to quyet dinh nang luc va hieu qua hoat dong cua PVFC Nang luc phu thuoc vao kha nang du bao va chu dong xu ly kip thdi cac tinh hudng phat sinh su dung cd hieu qua cac co hoi va vuqt qua cac thach thuc Do vay, doi hdi can bo lanh dao, quan ly vua phai cd su khon kheo, linh hoat sach luqc va ap dung cac bien phap cu the theo hudng sau: - Xac dinh rd va kien tri thuc hien cac muc tieu, nhiem vu chien luge cua ngan hang, tranh chay theo tich trudc mat nhung co the gay thiet hai cho tuong lai, vi du huy dong von vdi lai suat cao de dap ung nhu cau tang trudng tin dung qua muc, dan den giam chat luqng tin dung, giam ty suat lqi nhuan - Tao dung mdi trudng lam viec lanh manh, minh bach va dan chu thuc su Trong quan tri dieu hanh, trach nhiem va quyen lqi duqc phan dinh rd rang va gan lien vdi tung cuong vi cong tac va tung cong viec, thuc hien nhat quan doi vdi tat ca cac cap lanh dao, can bo quan ly va can bo nghiep vu - Ap dung cac phuong phap quan tri hien dai theo tieu chuan quoc te nhu ISO 9001-2008 Thuc te PVFC can td chuc thudng xuyen cac ldp tap huan chuyen mon ISO toan he thdng, de tir tim each thuc van dung phu hqp vdi muc tieu, thuc tien hoat dong, gop phan nang cao hieu qua hoat dong va su phat trien cua PVFC a r 3.4.5 Dau tir hien dai hoa co1 so- vat chat, cong nghe thdng tin phuc vu hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hoi Ngay nay, de danh gia kha nang canh tranh cua mot TCTD ngudi ta khong 84 chi dua vao quy md von, so lugng cac dich vu cung cap ma d trinh cong nghe thong tin va nguon nhan luc cua chinh TCTD Mot thuc te cho thay, mot TCTD ldn cd nhieu von nhung co sd tang lac hau, nhan vien khong linh hoat cap nhat va ung dung cac kien thuc mdi ve kinh doanh thi TCTD se roi vao tinh trang tri tre, va chinh quy mo ldn nhieu lai gay kho khan cho viec quan tri va la luc can cua su phat trien Hon nua chinh cong nghe va nguon nhan luc lai la hai nhan to anh hudng true tiep den chat lugng cua san pham dich vu tai chinh Dieu cd the thay ro d Viet Nam, Ngan hang VCB khong phai la ngan hang cd von ldn nhat nhung lai la ngan hang hoat dong hieu qua nhat, va cd kha nang canh tranh cao hon so vdi cac TCTD khac la bdi vi VCB manh dan dau tu cho cong nghe va dao tao phat trien nguon nhan luc Tuy nhien chi la mot so it cac TCTD chu den phat trien co sd tang cong nghe va nhan luc da phan cac TCTD van chua quan tarn dung muc den van de Vi vay, yeu cau ddi mdi cong nghe thong tin, nang cao trinh cua can bo nhan vien cua PVFC dang la nhu cau cap bach hien Ve mat thong tin Thi trudng ngoai hdi la mot thi trudng mang tinh canh tranh rat cao, khoan ldn, kinh doanh ngoai te la mot hoat dong chua dung nhieu rui ro, thong tin trd mot yeu td quan hang dau vi vay doi hoi PVFC phai cd he thong cung cap thong tin that hieu qua va tuc thdi, cu the la: Phai thudng xuyen xay dung nhung bao cao danh gia tinh hinh hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac ddi tac chien luge, khach hang chu dao, tiem nang, cac ddi thu canh tranh de lam can cu cho viec thuc hien cac giao dich ngoai hdi phai sinh, tranh rui ro toan Xay dung bo phan phan tich thong tin tai chinh - ngan hang, tap hgp va phan tich cac van ban che cua NHNN lien quan den hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi nude va qudc te Bo phan thudng xuyen tham muu cho ban lanh dao PVFC chi dao dieu hanh ve kinh doanh ngoai hdi nhanh nhay va sat hon, phu hgp vdi nhung dien bien cua thi trudng ngoai hdi 85 Ve mat cong nghe Truoc het, PVFC co thuan loi ve moi truong va hanh lang phap ly cho viec ap dung cac cong nghe moi da duoc cai thien dang ke Sau chuyen doi cdng len md hinh NHTM PVFC cd the ap dung cac quy che, co che thuc hien giao dich va cung cap dich vu ngan hang dien tu da duoc ban hanh nhu quy che ve chu ky dien tu, bao mat ; thu hai, ve mat ky thuat, he thong toan dien tu lien ngan hang da duoc van hanh tu thang 5/2002 va dang duoc tiep tuc md rong tdi khoang 50 ngan hang vien va tren 200 chi nhanh cua cac ngan hang Tu 1/3/2003, he thong toan bu trir dien tu cung da duoc dua vao su dung, tao dieu kien de md rong phuc vu nhanh chong, thuan tien cho cac doanh nghiep va ndn kinh te Tuy nhien kho khan cua PVFC la viec lua chon va ap dung cdng nghe hien dai nao de cd the su dung tdi da kha nang cua cac cdng nghe mdi phuc vu cho viec phat trien cac dich vu mdi vdi chat luong cao va gia ca hop ly Vi vay yeu cau cua phat trien cdng nghe d PVFC hien la: Tranh dau tu tran lan can phai dam bao su dung het cdng suat cac cdng nghe da duoc dau tu He thong cdng nghe thong tin phai dam bao tuong thich ddi vdi cac he thong cdng nghe khac nhau, cac ddi tac giao dich khac (Interbank Intrabank, buy side- sell side) He thong giao dich phai la he thong giao dich thong qua mang Internet va thuc hien day du cac chuc nang giao dich dien tu; Cac md thuc giao dich tu dong, dinh gia tu dong va niem yet gia tu dong; Cd kha nang giao dich va tuong thich vdi he thong quan ly tai san d nude ngoai cua cac nha cung cap ldn; Tao lap dupe he thong quan ly du lieu thi trudng true tuyen toan he thong, tuc la phai cap nhat dupe du lieu thi trudng, cd kha nang tiep can true tiep de tim kiem, quan ly, hach toan cac sd lieu thi trudng va cua he thong, cd the nhan biet dupe nhung chinh sach khac cua cac ddi thu canh tranh tren thi trudng dua vao co sd nguon thong tin thi trudng tiep can dupe; Tiep can va ung dung cac pham men quan ly du lieu thi trudng tai chinh (CoreBanking, Global Market Data Manager, Trading Room Magnet, InfoMatch, FITS, F inOffice, ) 86 Tren day la nhung giai phap duac tac gia de xuat dua tren can cu thuc te ve thuc trang kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC va nhung ton tai qua trinh trien khai cac nghiep vu ngoai hdi phai sinh tai PVFC Tuy nhien, kinh doanh ngoai hdi la mot linh vuc rat phuc tap, gap rat nhieu rui ro hoat dong bdi vi no gan lien vdi thi trudng tien, do de phat huy tot tac dung cua nhung giai phap thi can phai phoi hap thuc hien ddng thdi cac giai phap tren tung budc khac phuc, xoa bo nhung bat cap phat huy nhung uu the von cd cua PVFC de hudng tdi nhung ket qua kinh doanh ngoai hdi hieu qua hon 3.5 Mot so kien nghi 3.5.1 Kien nghi voi Ngan hang nha nude Hoan thien chinh sach ty gia hdi doai va lai suat Gia ca hinh theo quy luat cung cau la mot nhung nhan td quan hang dau de thi trudng hoat dong hieu qua Cung nhu cac thi trudng khac, thi trudng ngoai hdi noi chung va hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC noi rieng muon dat duoc hieu qua vdi doanh sd cao, chi phi thap, khoan tren thi trudng cao thi ty gia, lai suat phai duac hinh mot each khach quan theo quy luat cung cau Noi each khac ty gia, lai suat duqc ap dung cac nghiep vu, giao dich ngoai hdi phai la ty gia, lai suat ma tai cung va cau can bang Do Chinh phu va NHNN can cd co che quan ly va cong cu thi trudng phu hop, ddng thdi han che su can thiep tu NHNN cung nhu cac bien phap hanh chinh lam meo md tin hieu thi trudng Ve lau dai, giai phap de phat trien thi trudng ngoai hdi va cac hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua NHNN la hudng tdi ty gia, lai suat thi trudng, linh hoat va phan anh dung quan he cung cau tren thi trudng ngoai hdi Tuy nhien hoan canh Viet Nam hien nay, viec tha noi ty gia lai suat lap tuc se gay nhung hieu ung tieu cue cho nen kinh te va cd the anh hudng bat loi cho viec on dinh he thdng chinh tri va xa hoi Vi the, vai trd cua NHNN khong phai chu yeu la can thiep vao thi trudng ma la phoi hop vdi cac bo nganh huu quan chong la hoa, buon lau va gian lan thuong mai, khai thdng luu chuyen ngoai hdi nen kinh te 87 va cung cac bien phap kinh te khac de ho tro thi trudng ngoai hdi phat trien Hien nay, NHNN quan ly thi trirong ngoai hdi thong qua can thiep mua ban cong bo ty gia binh quan giao dich lien ngan hang, quy dinh tran ty gia giao ngay, quy che tran giao dich ky han ngoai te, ty le phan tram gia tang cua ty gia ky han, ty bien phap quan ly ngoai hdi Trong giai doan trudc mat cac bien phap can thiet, nhung can phai noi long tirng budc, vi cac bien phap khong phai luc nao cung hieu qua, doi lai kirn ham su phat trien cua thi trudng ngoai hdi va hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi Ddi vdi ty gia, NHNN cd the thuc hien ndi bien dao dong ty gia nham tao dieu kien de cac NHTM ndi chung va PVFC niem yet gia canh tranh, dong thdi day la bien phap tham muc khach quan cua ty gia da phan anh tuong ddi khach quan quan he cung cau ngoai te tren thi trudng ngoai hdi hay chua Dieu chinh each cong bo ty gia chi gan vdi USD hien vi rd rang hoat dong kinh te ddi ngoai va hoat dong cua thi trudng ngoai hdi Viet Nam se cd chua dung rui ro tiem an ma gia tri cua USD dot ngot thay doi ldn so vdi gia tri cua cac ngoai te khac Nham han che sir gan dinh vao USD, mot mat, can da dang hoa ngoai te cac giao dich qudc te mat khac, phuong phap cong bo ty gia NHNN nen tham khao phuong cua VND Ddi vdi lai suat, giai phap hoan thien co che lai suat cua NHNN hien va thdi gian tdi la dieu hanh linh hoat lai suat tai cap von, lai suat nghiep vu thi trudng md, hoan thien co che dieu hanh lai suat phu hop vdi quy djnh cua Luat Ngan hang Nha nude Viet Nam nam 2010; ket hop vdi cac cong cu chinh sach tien te khac de kiem soat lai suat thi trudng d muc hop ly, phu hop muc tieu kiem che lam phat De thuc hien muc tieu do, NHNN Viet can phai rat kien quyet, linh hoat dieu hanh trien khai dong bo cac giai phap cu the Phat trien thi trudng ngoai hdi PVFC la mot vien cua thi trudng ngoai hdi vay giua hoat dong 88 kinh doanh cua PVFC va thi truong ngoai hoi co mot moi lien he hai chieu PVFC true tiep giup cung va cau tren thi truong ngoai hdi gap nhau, ngupc lai nhung bien dong tren thi truong lai co tac dong hoac tich cue hoac tieu cue den ket qua hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC Ndi mot each khac, su phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua cac PVFC ludn gan lien vdi su phat trien thi trudng ngoai hdi Tuy nhien hien thi trudng ngoai hdi Viet Nam mdi chi d giai doan dau cua qua trinh phat trien, cho nen cdn yeu kem ve nhieu mat nhu: td chuc thi trudng, hang hoa, cac nghiep vu kinh doanh, day chinh la nhung trd ngai cho viec phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC ma can phai dupe khac phuc cang sdm cang tot NHNN can phai nhanh chong cai tien he thong toan bu trir va tao mot su giao dich lien tuc giua cac Trung tarn ldn de nhanh chong loai bo su chenh lech ty gia giao theo vung Ngoai can tien hanh thiet lap thi trudng ngoai te lien ngan hang theo md hinh td chuc kep, bao gom thi trudng ngoai te lien ngan hang true tiep giua cac ngan hang va thi trudng gian tiep qua mdi gidi bdi vi cac phuong tien giao dich tren thi trudng chua hien dai nen cac cdng ty mdi gidi ngoai hdi se gop phan han che su gian doan tren thj trudng Ngoai ra, ddi vdi hang hoa cua thi trudng ngoai hdi Viet Nam, NHNN can tao nhieu chung loai va sd luong ldn cac cdng cu ngoai hdi nhu tang cudng phat hanh trai phieu chinh phu, cdng trai bang ngoai te, tich cue chiet khau va tai chiet khau, mua ban ngan han cac giay td cd gia bang ngoai te Mot mat, NHNN can tiep tuc nghien cuu nhanh chong sua ddi khung phap ly de day manh viec su dung thuong phieu, chung chi tien gui va cac loai tin phieu, trai phieu cua TCTD bang ngoai te Ddi vdi cac nghiep vu kinh doanh ngoai hdi, NHNN can phai ddng vai trd tich cue hon viec mua het va ban du cac ngoai te cac TCTD cd nhu cau Trong tuong lai, Viet Nam hoi nhap vdi nen kinh te toan cau, NHNN nen cho phep cac TCTD tung budc tiep can vdi nghiep vu tuong lai Cd nhu vay thi trudng ngoai hdi mdi cd the phat trien theo kip cac nude phat trien Ra soat va xay dung cac van ban ve kinh doanh ngoai hdi Ra soat lai cac van ban phap quy ve quan ly ngoai hdi va dieu chinh ty gia, giam 89 thieu tdi da nhung thu tuc va thai gian thuc hien nghiep vu Khuyen khich cac ngan hang san sang cung cap cac hop dong nhu: hop dong ky han, hop dong hoan doi, hop ddng quyen chon ngoai te doi vdi doanh nghiep nham giam thieu viec gam giu ngoai te doi vdi doanh nghiep, giam su cang thang ve ngoai te cho cac ngan hang Xay dung cac van ban dieu chinh hoat dong kinh doanh san pham phai sinh De dap ung yeu cau thuc tien, thdi gian trudc mat NHNN can nghien cuu, soan thao va ban hanh Quy che ve kinh doanh cong cu tai chinh phai sinh lam ca sd phap ly cho hoat dong cap phep, giam sat rui ro va kiem tra, tra cua NHNN doi vdi hoat dong kinh doanh cong cu tai chinh phai sinh cua cac NHTM Trong tuong lai, tren co sd kinh nghiem thuc tien va yeu cau thi trudng, Nha nude xem xet ban hanh Luat giao dich cong cu tai chinh phai sinh nham dieu chinh thdng nhat ve td chuc va hoat dong cua thi trudng cac san pham phai sinh Dua hoat dong cua thi trudng di dung theo thdng le cua thi trudng cac san pham tai chinh phai sinh cua cac nude tren the gidi Dao tao va huan Iuyen NHNN can td chuc cac khoa huan luyen, tap huan hoac van ban hudng dan ve nghiep vu ngoai hdi mot each rong rai den cac doanh nghiep va NHTM de di den thdng nhat each hieu, phuang thuc hoat dong, ban chat cua tung loai nghiep vu nham dat hieu qua cao su dung va chu dong hon viec tim kiem cac cong cu phong ngua rui ro ty gia 3.5.2 Kien nghi vdi Tap doan Dau Quoc gia Viet Nam Gia tri nguon ngoai hdi chu chuyen cua cac cong ty nganh dau la rat ldn nhung lai khong duqc quan ly mot each tap trung va thuong duqc su dung phan tan bdi nhieu muc dich khac nhau, dac biet la di gui d nhung NHTM khac ma khong phai la PVFC Tap doan can cd chi thi de yeu cau PVFC lam dau mdi quan ly tap trung nguon ngoai te nay, cac nghiep vu huy dong, cho vay va thu xep von ngoai hdi mot mat nham tao mot chu trinh chu chuyen von ngoai hdi tap trung va ddng nhat, can doi cung cau ngoai hdi toan nganh dam bao an toan nguon von ngoai hdi dap ung tdi da cac nhu cau ngoai hdi cua nganh dau khi, mat khac 90 nha la dau mdi quan ly ngoai hoi tap trung cua nganh, PVFC co the tang doanh thu, md rong thi phan giam chi phi dau vao va tang thu lqi nhuan Trong cac hoat dong quang cao tiep thi dich vu cua minh thi tap doan can ho tro tiep thi ve hinh anh va dich vu cua PVFC cung nhu thong tin ve quyen lqi, lqi l'ch su dung cac san pham tai chinh phai sinh cua PVFC doi voi cac cong ty nganh dau va cac khach hang ma tap doan co quan he thuong mai Dac biet la hoat dong tu van linh vuc kinh doanh xuat - nhap khau tap doan cd the gidi thieu cac dich vu ve kinh doanh ngoai hdi, cac cong cu ve phong ngua rui ro ve thi trudng: gia ca, ty gia va lai suat cua PVFC de cac doanh nghiep hidu va nhan thuc day du ve lqi ich su dung cac dich vu cua PVFC va khach hang se chu dong tim den cac nghiep vu ma PVFC cung cap Tang them nguon nhan luc va chu y den cong tac dao tao nguon nhan luc cho PVFC, ma cu the la ban Nguon von Cd ke hoach dao tao tai cho va cu cac can bo cd chuyen mon nghiep vu gidi cua tap doan xuong ho trq PVFC 91 KET LUAN Phat trien hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi dang la van de cap thiet, dupe quan tarn hang dau tai cac to chuc ndi chung va Tong cdng ty Tai chinh cd phan Dau Viet Nam ndi rieng Viec nghien cuu va de xuat cac giai phap nam phat trien hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi dam bao an toan hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi, nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh la mot viec lam rat quan La mot cdng ty tai chinh dupe lap vexi muc tieu hang dau la thu xep von cho cac cdng ty nganh Dau khi, PVFC da cd nhieu ddng gop cho su phat trien cua Tap doan Dau Quoc gia Viet Nam cung nhu ngan sach quoc gia Trong do, chung ta khong the khong ke den su phat trien cua hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi Trong thdi gian qua tu lap nam 2000 den nay, hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC da cd nhieu budc phat trien dang ke doanh thu va lai thuan tir hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi ludn tang cao, dac biet tir nam 2010, hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC da cd su phat trien ve chat, khong cdn don thuan chi la hoat dong nham muc dich phuc vu nhu cau cua khach hang ma da cd nhung nhin nhan, danh gia thi trudng chinh xac de tir cd hudng kinh doanh dat hieu qua cao Tuy nhien, han che ve chuc nang cua mot cdng ty tai chinh, tham nien hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi chua nhieu va tinh hinh thi trudng tai chinh tien te bien dong phtre tap thdi gian qua, hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC boc lo nhieu yeu kern Qua nghien cuu tinh hinh thi trudng tai chinh tien te, kinh te nude, quoc te va thuc trang kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC, tac gia da danh gia dupe nhung ket qua PVFC dat dupe phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hdi, nhung uu diem cung nhu ton tai phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hdi Tu nghien cuu dd, tac gia da de xuat mot vai giai phap mang tinh thuc tien de phat trien hon nua hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai hdi cua PVFC nhu: da dang hoa loai hinh, san pham kinh doanh; da dang hoa cac loai ngoai te kinh doanh; xay dung chinh sach khach hang phu hop; mo rong pham vi kinh doanh; phat trien nguon nhan luc Cung vdi do, tac gia dua mot sd kien nghi vdi Ngan hang nha nude, 92 Tap doan Dau Qudc gia Viet Nam de giup cho kinh doanh ngoai hoi noi rieng thi trudng ngoai hoi tien te noi chung on dinh va phat trien mot each hieu qua nhat Bang nhung bien phap cua minh tac gia mong muon nghien cuu cua minh gop phan vao su phat trien ldn manh ben vung cua Tdng Cong ty trd mot dinh che tai chinh xuong song cua Tap doan Dau Qudc gia Viet Nam mot td chuc tai chinh ldn manh cua dat nude 93 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Huang (2001) Kinh doanh quoc te tap 1, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Huang (2003), Kinh doanh quoc te tap 2, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi Ha Noi PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Hudng, TS.Ta Lai (2009), Nghiep vu ngoai thuong Ly thuyet va thuc hanh Tap 1, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan Ha Noi PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Hudng TS Ta Lai (2009), Nghiep vu ngoai thuong Ly thuyet va thuc hanh Tap 2, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi Dao Kim Ngan (2009), Luan van thac sy kinh te (Bao ve tai trudng Hoc vien Ngan hang), “Phat trien hoat dong kinh doanh ngoai te tai ngan hang Thuong mai Cd phan Ngoai thuong Viet Nam ” TS Nguyen Huu Tai (2007), Giao trinh ly thuyet tdi chinh tien te, NXB Thdng ke Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thu (2008), Luan van thac sy kinh te (Bao ve tai trudng Hoc vien Ngan hang), “Thuc trang va giai phap phat trien kinh doanh ngoai hdi tai ngan hang Ngoai hdi Han Quoc ” TS Nguyen Van Tien (2008), Giao trinh nghiep vu kinh doanh ngoai hdi, NXB Thdng ke, Ha Noi Nguyen Thi Trang (2007), Luan van thac sy kinh te (Bao ve tai trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Thanh Ho Chi Minh), “Giai phap phat trien san pham ngoai hdi phai sinh tai Ngan hang Cong thuong Viet Nam ” 10 Tdng Cong ty Tai chinh Cd phan Dau Viet Nam (2001 - 2010), Bao cao tdi chinh da qua kiem toan Website: 11 Kinh te va du bao, “Da dang hod ngoai te toan: Noi de, lam kho ” Duong link: 94 http://kinhtevadubao.vn/pOc31 On 10217/da-dang-hoa-ngoai-te-thanh-toan-noi- de-lam-kho-.htm 12 Ngan hang Nha nude Viet Nam, '‘Bien dong can can toan va van de nhap khau lam phat a Viet Nam ” Duong link: http://www.sbv.gov.vn/wps/portal/!ut/p/c4/04/wps/wcm/connect/sbv_vn/sbv_vn/ vn.sbv.print/vn.sbv.printing.magazine/3028748045f68a68bf99ff0e2e0 16350 13 Phdng thuong mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam, “CPI giam la ca sd de giam tran lai suat huy dong" Duong link: http://www.vcci.com.vn/nghien-cuu/2011 1024090333208/ts-tran-hoang-ngancpi-giam-la-co-so-de-giam-tran-lai-suat-huv-dong.htm 14 VnEconomy, “Tdng ty gid USD/VND, rut bien ” Duong link: http://vneconomv.vn/201 10211085336909p0c6/tang-ty-gia-usdvnd-rut-bien- do.htm