Nâng cao năng lực quản lý các dự án oda trong lĩnh vực giao thông của hà nội

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ - bdsgLUgsgs DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN PHONG LUAN AN JrU DO THI VAN ANH v ? , r r , r NANG CAO NANG LlC QUAN LY CAC Dtf AN ODA TRONG LINH VUC GIAO THONG CUA HA NOI ■ ■ AS AZ AZ CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE DOI NGOAI LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • THS Ngtfdi htfdng dan khoa hoc: GS.TS DO DUC BINH HA NOI, VVM 2012 MUC LUC • • MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT TIENG VIET DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT TIENG ANH DANH MUC BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN i LdI MO DAU CHUONG 1: MOT SO LY LUAN CHUNG VE VIEC NANG CAO NANG LUC QUAN LY CAC DU AN ODA 1.1 Khai niem, dac diem ve quan ly ODA 1.1.1 Khai niem 1.1.2 Phan loai du an ODA 1.1.3 Vai trd cua ODA 1.1.4 U’u va nhuoc diem cua du an ODA 1.1.5 Dac diem du an ODA va yeu cau quan ly ODA linh vuc giao thong 10 1.1.6 Dac diem cua cac du an ODA linh vuc giao thong 13 1.2 Noi dung va tieu chi danh gia nang luc cua Ban quan ly du an giao thong 14 1.2.1 Noi dung quan ly cac cap quan ly ODA 15 1.2.2 Noi dung quan ly cua Ban quan ly du an: 20 1.2.3 Tieu chi danh gia nang luc cua Ban quan ly du an giao thong 21 1.3 Nhan to anh huung den nang cao nang luc quan ly cac du an ODA 23 1.3.1 Nhan to anh huong den quan ly : 33 1.3.2 Nhan to anh huong den nang cao nang luc quan ly cac du an ODA 24 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG NANG CAO NANG LUC QUAN LY CAC DU AN ODA TRONG LINH VUc GIAO THONG CUA HA NOI 27 2.1 He thhnn vvn ban, chinh sach quan lydw an ODA linn vuc giaa thhng 27 2.1.1 He thhnn van ban 227 2.1.2 He thong cac chinh sach 30 2.1.3 Cong cu ke hoach von ODA 31 2.2 Thue t rang nguon von ODA ling vure giao t hong 32 2.3 Thue nhng cao nhng lire quan ly cac dur an ODA ling vere giao thngg auo Ha Noi .35 2.3.1 Thuc trang cac du an giao thong su dung nguon von ODA trun dia ban Ha Noi35 2.3.2 Thuc trang nang cao nang luc quan ly cac du an ODA linh vuc giao thong cua Ha Noi 38 2.4 DCgh giC ket luag ahung 52 2.4.1 Danh gia tinh hinh thuc hien du an ODA linh vuc giao thong 52 2.4.2 Danh gia tinh hinh ban quan ly du an ODA linh vuc giao thong 53 2.5 DCgh giC voi too auo aCa gutfa aap ODA dni vol Viet Nom 54 2.5.1 Vai tro cua Nhat Ban 54 2.5.2 Vai trO cua Ngan hang the gioi (WB) 55 2.5.3 Vai trO cua Ngan hang phat trien Chau A (ADB) 56 2.6 DCgh giC thea trngg gngg aon gngg lea quagly aCa de Cg ODA trngg lngh vca gion thngg cuo Ha Noi 58 2.6.1 Thanh tuu 58 2.6.2 Ton tai va nguyen nhan 60 CHtfONG 3: PHUONG HtfONG VA GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG CAO NANG L-lCC QUAN LY CAC DU’ AN ODA TRONG LINH VCC GIAO THONG CUA HA NOI 64 3.1 Trieg vogg auo de Cg ODA trngg Ugh vea gion thngg deg gnm 2020 64 3.2 Phu'o'iig huong gngg gngg lea quag ly aCa de Cg ODA trngg lmh vea gion thngg auo Ha Noi 67 3.2.1 Yeu can 67 3.2.2 NguyUn tac so£3caca DO THI VAN ANH NANG CAO NANG Litt QUAN LY CAC DQ AN ODA TRONG UNH VlTC GIAO THONG CUA HA NOI ■ ■ CHUYEN NGANH: KINH it DOI NGOAI / _ W _ A W A* _ TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA NOI, NAM 2012 a 70 3.3.2 Giai phap tang cuong nang luc quan ly ODA a Kiem tra, giam sat Kiem tra dinh ky va giam sat tinh hinh thuc hien cua cac dir an theo doi danh gia la nhan to quan de dam bao duoc chat luong cdng trinh Doi vdi cac BQLDA phai co trach nhiem theo doi thudng xuyen, cdng tac theo doi danh gia khong he can trd den du an, trai lai se giup nang cao tinh minh bach va dac biet chong lang phi Luon don doc nha thau thuc hien theo dung tien da de de dam bao thdi gian thuc hien cua dir an Tang cuong cdng tac theo doi, giam sat va danh gia: Tang cuong cdng tac theo doi va giam sat cong dong thdng qua viec hoan thien the che, tao mdi trudng thuan loi va khuyen khich sir tham gia cua cong dong, gop phan vao viec dam bao hieu qua su dung vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai Cdng tac kiem tra giam sat khong chi la nhiem vu cua nha quan ly cua BQLDA ma can keu goi tir ngudi dan, ngudi se duoc hudng loi true tiep tu cac cdng trinh du an Mdi ngudi dan la ngudi kiem tra va giam sat tot nhat giup nha quan ly nhan biet duoc tinh hinh thuc te cua du an mot each nhanh nhat va chinh xac nhat Ban quan ly du an hien duoc giao qua nhieu quyen cac Bo chu quan lai coi nhe cdng tac kiem tra tra, buong long quan ly Cdng tac kiem tra danh gia can duoc thudng xuyen hon xau sat va cu the hon de tranh tinh trang cdng trinh di vao su dung mdi kiem tra se de lai hau qua nghiem ve tien cua va uy tin cua dat nudc vi chung ta su dung nguon vdn vay tu nudc ngoai de dau tu cai tao tinh hinh kinh te xa hoi cua dat nudc ma dir an khong dem lai hieu qua thi la diem den cua dat nudc mat quoc te Can huy dong moi doi tuong tu ngudi dan, ngudi tham gia giao thdng cho den cac cap quan ly : Ban quan ly du an, chu dau tu Tuyen truyen y thuc trach nhiem cua mdi ngudi doi vdi nhung cdng trinh cua dat nudc vi nd anh hudng den quyen loi chung cua tat ca ngudi dan tham gia giao thdng Giam sat, kiem tra cdng de cdng trinh dem lai hieu qua la dem lai loi l'ch cho moi ngudi va loi ich cho ca cong dong xa hoi Vi vay cong dong nen chung tay bao ve nhung quyen loi ma minh duoc hudng tir loi ich cua cac cdng trinh cdng cong 71 b Giai ngan Can xuc tien qua trinh giai ngan von ODA theo huong nhanh chong, minh bach kip thoi va chinh xac Cdng tac giai ngan co anh huong true tiep tdi cdng tac quan ly cua cac ban quan ly vi giai ngan la ddng mau luu chuyen cua du an, giup qua trinh thuc hien du an dupe thdng suot, du an cd hoat dong thi mdi can su quan ly cua BQL, neu du an bi dinh tre thi quan ly cd tot cung khong phat huy dupe tac dung cua minh Day la yeu td them chot cua toan bo du an Bo tai chinh can hudng dan quy trinh, thu tuc va quan ly viec rut vdn ddi vdi ngudn vdn ODA tren tinh than cai tien thu tuc quan ly, cap phat vdn theo quy dinh cua Luat Ngan sach nha nudc Tang cudng kiem soat trudc, kiem tra sau doi vdi cac khoan chi tu ngudn vdn nudc ngoai Kiem soat viec rut vdn cua cac co quan cd lien quan, xac dinh thdi gian xu ly ho so rut vdn ca vdi cac ngan hang thuong mai phuc vu Giai ngan can thuc hien mot each nhanh chong, dung du va kip thdi nhien cung khong vi the ma giai ngan lai khong hieu qua, anh hudng den tien tai cua qudc gia BQL can xay dung khung gia chi tiet tung giai doan cua du an trinh bo tai chinh de giai ngan theo dung tien tranh anh hudng den tien cua nhung giai doan ke tiep theo Ngudn vdn doi ung can dupe xay dung va du phong theo ke hoach cua tung giai doan da dupe cac BQLDA xay dung tir du an dupe hinh Day la nguyen nhan chu yeu anh hudng den tien cua du an dac biet tinh hinh chung tien giai ngan de giai phong mat bang luon vuot qua khung thdi gian quy dinh (cd du an -3 nam van chua giai phong mat bang xong, lam du an bi gian doan) c Giai phong mat bang Cdng tac giai phong mat bang la kho khan nhat doi vdi quy trinh thuc hien du an bdi nd dung cham den nhieu quyen loi true tiep cua ngudi dan Nd doi hoi su phu hop chat che va cd hieu qua giua chu du an vdi chinh quyen tu cap tinh, huyen, xa vdi nhieu nganh tir trung uong den dia phuong, viec phoi hop thudng kho khan, dan den thdi gian thuc hien giai phong mat bang bi keo dai, tham chi cd truong hop keo dai tir thi cdng den ket thuc du an 72 Vi vay nen thuc hien cong tac giai phong mat bang truoc co du an Nhieu du an bi cham tre cong tac giai phong mat bang cham, doi voi cac du an ODA, viec cham tre thuc hien se bi anh huong truc tiep toi thoi gian an han, cung nhu chinh sach cua nha tai tro Ben canh can dam bao cong tac giai ngan co hieu qua trinh thoi gian chet cho cac du an De giai quyet van de nay, chung ta co the: Trong thoi gian hoac truoc thoi gian chuan bi du an, viec giai phong mat bang can thuc hien truoc mot buoc Day cung la kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc, nuoc co nhieu kinh nghiem tiep nhan ODA Viec trien khai giai phong mat bang truoc co du an ODA se tranh duoc cac chinh sach cua nha tai tro Len lich trinh cho cong tac giai ngan tung giai doan, tung quy, tung ky tranh tinh trang luc thua luc thieu von gay anh huong den tien du an Co the nghien cuu lap ban quan ly du an va co quan dam phan viec lap va quan ly ke hoach thuc hien cong tac giai phong mat bang va tai dau tu tang cuong hieu qua d Nhan lcrc Can dao tao doi ngu nhan luc co nang luc quan ly du an Nhan luc la nguon luc quan quyet dinh su cong cua du an Cac du an ODA thuong la nhung du an mang tinh xa hoi luon phai duoc cac bo, nganh lien quan tham dinh va phe duyet, ngoai cdn co cac co quan chu quan o dia phuong giam sat, kiem tra danh gia tinh hinh thuc hien va co quan quan ly su dung du an lam chu dau tu nen viec dao tao mot doi ngu nhan luc co nang luc ve quan ly du an la mot van de cap thiet Doi voi nhung dia phuong cdn yeu kem ve quan ly du an thi giai phap tinh the la bo sung tam thoi mot so can bo quan ly du an chuyen trach o cap trung uong de thuc hien viec quan ly du an ODA cac co quan thuoc dia phuong lam chu quan va chu dau tu Nhan luc thuc hien danh gia chat luong cua cac nha thau dac biet quan trong, no la nhan to anh huong truc tiep den chat luong cong trinh Nang cao chat luong nghiep vu cua cac vien ban quan ly, thuong xuyen boi duong nghiep vu, hoc tap ren luyen nang cao ky nang, ky nghe cong viec 73 Do dac thu du an ODA chi ton tai theo vdng dcri cua tirng du an, tinh on dinh khong cao nen thong thudng, co du an thi mdi lap don vi to chuc thuc hien va se giai the ket thuc dir an Vi sire ep cdng viec la kha cao thdi gian thuc hien ngan nen viec to chuc thuc hien du an can phai cd nhung can bo gidi ve chuyen mon, day dan kinh nghiem, thao chinh sach cua nha tai tro Ben canh do, neu chinh sach dai ngo khong thoa dang se khong gitr duoc can bo cd trinh Can bo mdi can phai mat nhieu thdi gian dao tao tdi thao viec va ket thuc dir an cd the cung khong gitr duoc De khac phuc duoc nhung van de tren, chung ta can: - Xay dung Ban QLDA chuyen nganh, chuyen nghiep cd tinh on dinh cao, chu dong cdng tac chuan bi du an, khai thac va to chuc thuc hien du an - Quan ly can duoc xem nhu la mot chuyen nganh dao tao, can bo lam viec tai Ban QLDA phai duoc dao tao ve chuyen nganh QLDA d tirng vi tri dir an - Phai luon kiem tra, giam sat cac dir an dang va da thuc hien de phat hien kip thdi nhung sai pham, quy rd doi tuong chiu trach nhiem, xu ly nghiem tuc Nang cao trinh nguon nhan lire de tiep nhan va str dung vdn ODA phat trien co so tang giao thdng van tai: Nguon luc ODA chi cd the phat huy dupe hieu qua xue tac qua trinh phat trien neu cd dupe sir ket hop chat che vdi nguon lire nudc Vi vay, can bo tri vdn doi ung, can bo quan ly thuc hien du an giai doan chuan bi chuong trinh ODA De nang cao chat luong hieu qua str dung ODA, vai tro can bo cd y nghia quan trong, vi vay can phai cd chien lupc dao tao can bo Nganh giao thdng van tai quan ly viec thuc hien du an ODA cd hieu qua Dac biet, tap trung vao ky nang xay dung, danh gia du an, nang cap he thdng thdng tin quan ly du an ODA, nang cao trinh ngoai ngu giao tiep Theo nhan dinh cua Chinh phu thi tro ngai mdi cua viec su vdn ODA kem hieu qua la dpi ngu can bo tham gia quan ly, dieu phoi ODA d cac cap thieu ve so luong va chat luong 74 Dao tao can bo quan ly du nang luc tiep nhan va quan ly von ODA cdn la phat huy tinh chu dong tiep nhan va su dung vdn ODA Chinh vi vay, viec to chuc cdng tac dao tao phat trien ngudn can bo quan ly Nganh giao thdng van tai la cdng viec quan va cap thiet De dap ung duoc yeu cau su dung cd hieu qua vdn ODA, cdng tac dao tao can bo quan ly cd y nghia cue ky quan Vi vay, dao tao thuong xuyen nen cd them mon hoc ve each thuc thu hut, quan ly, su dung vdn ODA Mat khac, phai day manh cdng tac dao tao lai nham trang bi bo xung kien thuc mdi ve quan ly, sur dung vdn ODA ma trudc day ho chua duoc hoc Md cac ldp boi dudng luat phap, che vay muon, toan quoc te, ngoai ngu, tin hoc cd thi cu kiem tra chat che Dao tao boi dudng can bo lanh dao, quan ly theo tieu chuan chuc danh Tien hanh thi tuyen chon, bo tri, sang loc, thay the chat che thuong xuyen Chu xay dung doi ngu can bo giai, chuyen gia dau dan nganh Md rong quan he hop tac quoc te linh vuc dao tao bang each cu can bo di dao tao, tham quan d nudc ngoai Mdi chuyen gia nudc ngoai den giang day, hudng dan, chuyen giao ky thuat cdng nghe, to chuc hoi thao bao cao chuyen de Md nhieu ldp ve quan ly du an ODA, khuyen khich cac hinh thuc dao tao cap toe giua ca nhan va nha nudc ve kinh phi de dao tao ngan han, dai han, tao dieu kien cho cac ca nhan va tap the cd nguyen vong, kha nang di hoc cang nhieu cang tot Tham muu xay dung cac du an ODA cho cdng tac dao tao can bo nganh giao thdng van tai cung la viec rat thiet thuc De nang cao nang luc quan ly doi vdi cac du an ODA noi chung va linh vuc giao thdng noi rieng thi doi ngu quan ly ddng vai tro quan va then quan den du an ODA Vi vay, can bo quan ly phai boi dudng nghiep vu, chuyen mon, nang cao nang luc de quan ly tot cac du an ODA linh vuc giao thdng e Lua chon nha thau : Nha thau la nhan to anh hudng true tiep den chat luong cua cdng trinh Vi vay viec lua chon nha thau dam bao chat luong, tien cdng trinh la dieu khong de 75 Ben canh cac BQLDA phai tang cudng don ddc, kiem tra giam sat chat luong thuc hien cong trinh cua nha thau de co nhung dieu chinh kip thoi ve thoi gian ve tien ve chat luong Nha thau noi thi can xay dung khung danh gia, xep loai nang luc de lam can cu quy dinh viec mdi thau Hang nam, can cu vao du an, chat luong thuc hien cua cac nha thau de danh gia va xep loai lai nha thau cho phu hop vdi nang luc Dac biet nha thau nudc ngoai se kho khan viec kiem dinh chat luong Vi vay, cung can xay dung nhung chi tieu phu hop de danh gia nang luc thuc hien du an cua cac nha thau nudc ngoai phu hop vdi dieu kien cua Viet Nam va qudc te de lam can cu lua chon dam bao chat luong cdng trinh nha thau thuc hien Ddi vdi nha thau nudc ngoai can xay dung nhung dieu kien rang buoc ve dieu kien tham gia cua nhung nha thau phu, nha thau phu du d nudc hay nudc ngoai thi cung phai dam bao tieu chuan chu dau tu dua Tranh tinh trang nha thau chinh thi du nang luc nhung nha thau phu khong thoa man dupe dieu kien se anh hudng den chat luong cdng trinh Ban quan ly du an quan ly du an dua vao chat luong cua cdng trinh, cdng trinh thuc hien tot, dam bao chat luqng se cho thay nang luc cua cac vien cua ban quan ly Vi vay day la nhan td quan anh hudng den nang luc cua chu dau tu, ban quan ly du an f Danh gia, xep loai BQLDA Mdi BQLDA deu co trinh nang luc va kinh nghiem nhat dinh vi the, can sap xep danh gia nang luc cua tung BQLDA tu lam co sd de giao nhiem vu lam chu dau tu cua nhung du an phu hop vdi nang luc va trinh cua minh Dd cung la co sd quan de giup cac BQLDA hoat dong mot each co hieu qua r \ r Xep loai BQLDA can duoc danh gia lai sau mot vai nam hoat dong nhat dinh de lam can cu nang cao trinh quan ly dan theo thdi gian Dieu se tao dieu kien thay doi ve chat khien cac BQL phai hoan thien minh hon de nang cao tinh chuyen nghiep va loai bo dan each phan chia du an theo kieu binh quan chu nghTa De thich nghi va dap ung duoc yeu cau tinh hinh mdi, dieu tat yeu la cac chu 76 dau tu, ban quan ly phai co sir thay doi theo hudng chuyen nghiep hoa Trong nhung nam qua, cdng tac xay dung co ban giao thdng van it nhieu ton tai nep lam an cu khong phu hop vdi each quan ly mdi Do day la co hoi de cac chu dau tu, ban quan ly dir an tir minh thay doi Viec tang hay giam chat luong cua BQLDA lam can cu de giao nhiem vu tuong ung phu hop, dam bao chat luong cua du an, giup ban quan ly hoat dong hieu qua hon vdi dung nang luc cua minh Day la hudng di cho cac BQLDA bdi le nd vua nang cao dupe chat luong cua ngudi, nguon nhan luc cap quan ly nay, dong thdi se nang cao chat luong cdng trinh Tuy nhien can xay dung nhung can cu chuan xac, hieu qua de danh gia dung nang luc cua mdi ban quan ly 3.3.3 Giai phap quan ly thdng tin ve ODA a Quan ly he thdng thdng tin ve du an ODA Hien nhung thdng tin ve ODA lmh vuc giao thdng han che Ngoai nhung thdng tin dang cd, can phai cap nhat them thdi gian thuc hien va hoan thanh, tinh cap thiet, vudng mac cho giai quyet, doi ngu quan ly doi vdi mdi du an ODA linh vuc giao thdng nham giup cac co quan nha nudc viec hoach dinh, nam bat tinh hinh va giai quyet nhung vudng mac lien quan tdi du an ODA Van de chung ta can cd nghien cuu va hoc tap kinh nghiem cua Thai Lan, nudc dang co du an xay dung phat trien he thdng du lieu ve cac du an ODA Xay dung mot co so du lieu thdng tin ve ODA nham nang cao nang lire tap hop, lien ket va cap nhat thdng tin ve ODA; tang cuong nang luc phan tich thdng tin phuc vu quan ly, dieu phoi, dir bao va lap ke hoach ODA; tao tien de cho viec xay dung mot co so du lieu thdng nhat ve ODA; ho trp cdng tac hai hoa hoa thu tuc; va tang cuong nang luc luu tr£r va nang cap he thdng thdng tin ve vien trp Ve lau dai, du an nham tang cuong tinh hieu qua, hieu luc, minh bach va trach nhiem giai trinh cua nha nudc; nang cao chat luong cdng tac hoach dinh chinh sach; nang cao tinh cdng khai, minh bach hoat dong quan ly nha nudc; va cai thien khuon kho tai trp ben vung cho hoat dong quan ly phat trien 77 Mot nhung each nang cao trinh quan ly la to chuc quan ly thong tin ve cac du an tot la: - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu nghien cuu xay dung va dua vao phan mem quan ly dir an, tien hanh noi giua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu vdi cac Bo Nganh lien quan va cac Dia phuong nham nang cao chat luong thdng tin va giam thdi gian thu thap xu ly thdng tin - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu giup cho dia phuong cd dupe thdng tin ve cac du an ODA ma cac bo nganh tiep nhan va thuc hien tren pham vi dia phuong - Can dinh quy che phoi hop giua cac dia phuong va cac Bo, Nganh nham khai thac tdi da loi ich cua cac ngudn tai tro - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu nen tap hop va he thdng hoa cac chinh sach, quy dinh va thu tuc cu the cua tung nha tai tro de cung cap cho cac Bo, Nganh, cac Dia phuong, cac Ban quan ly du an Tai lieu nhu la sach cam nang giup cho cac co quan thuc hien thuan loi qua trinh tiep nhan va thuc thi du an - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu nen td chuc dinh ky cac cuoc hop giua cac nha tai tro vdi cac bo, nganh va cac ban quan ly du an nham trao ddi kinh nghiem, ho tro thao go cac vudng mac va thuc day tien thuc hien du an, thudng xuyen td chuc cac cuoc hoi thao chuyen de ve the che, ve quan ly du an de nang cao nhan luc, doi ngu can bo quan ly Nha nudc va can bo thuc hien du an b Quan ly thdi gian Can quan ly thdi gian dir an mot each hieu qua xay dung mot ke hoach va lich trinh cu the, giam sat va kiem soat chat che cac cdng viec theo lich trinh do, xu ly su cd mot each kjp thdi, tranh tinh trang cham chap tien gay anh hudng den chi phi du an Day la bien phap can thiet de tranh tinh trang cham tien Thdi gian thuc hien du an la khoang thdi gian bat dau den du an ket thuc Ddi vdi mdi du an khoang thdi gian duoc quy dinh tir du an mdi dupe xay dung Mot du an xay dung giao thdng chiu tac dong cua nhieu cap nganh cd lien quan vi vay thdi gian thuc hien du an chiu anh hudng cua nhieu nhan td ben cung nhu ben ngoai Trong thdi gian tdi, can xay dung hai hoa mdi quan he va loi 78 fch cua cac ben co lien quan den du an nham rut ngan thdi gian thuc hien giam thieu duoc cac loai chi phi co lien quan c Quan ly rui ro - co hoi Quan ly rui ro - co hoi du an ODA can duoc xac dinh va phan loai nhung van de co the gay anh huong den du an, can lien tuc xem xet ty my moi trudng du an tinh hinh co the thay doi Viec xay dung cac danh sach cac van de co the sinh, chien luoc va ke hoach ung vdi cac su co bat ngd la rat can thiet 3.3.4 Su’ dung phuongphap cdng nghe quan ly ODA a Su dung md hinh hop tac mdi quan ly ODA Can ap dung cac phuong phap cdng nghe mdi quan ly va thuc hien du an Cac cdng viec duoc tien hanh tren co sd ung dung ky thuat phu hop va hieu qua Ung dung cdng nghe mdi phu hop, hieu qua se nang cao chat luong cua du an Nghien cuu ap dung mo hinh hop tac cdng - tu ma theo nha nudc cho phep tu nhan cung tham gia dau tu vao cac dich vu va cdng trinh cdng cong cua nha nudc Nha nudc se thiet lap cac tieu chuan ve cung cap dich vu va tu nhan dupe khuyen khich bang co che toan theo chat luong dich vu De tang tinh hieu qua cua du an ODA, cd the ap dung them md hinh ma cd vdn tu nhan doi vdi du an ODA de gia tang trach nhiem cua cac cap nganh quan ly du an Ve lau dai nen tao mot khung phap ly day du cho hinh thuc dau tu loai nham xa hoi hoa cac ngudn vdn huy dong cho phat trien ket cau tang, khai thac cd hieu qua ngudn luc de tung buoc thay the ngudn vdn ODA dang cd xu hudng giam dan va giam ganh nang dau tu tu ngudn ngan sach nha nudc b Giai quyet xung dot Su dung cac phuong phap hieu qua de giai quyet nhung xung dot phat sinh quan ly du an tren co sd tham khao y kien cua cac ben tham gia nham xac dinh dupe nhung nhu cau, van de vudng mac cua cac ben tham gia, tir tien hanh dam phan de dua hudng giai quyet Xung dot phat sinh cd yeu to anh hudng den quyen loi cua cac ben tham gia vao du an noi chung va du an ODA noi rieng Nguyen nhan chu yeu la cham 79 tien cong trinh, anh huong den chi phi tham gia du an Don cu la du an cau Nhat Tan nha thau yeu cau chu dau tu den bu thiet hai anh hudng cua cdng tac giai phdng mat bang lam chat luong cdng trinh cham tien do, lam tang chi phi cua nha thau Viet Nam da nhan duoc vien tro cua rat nhieu nude va cac to chuc quoc te tren the gidi tir nam 1993 cho den Do la mot khoang thdi gian keo du dai de chung ta cd the tich luy nhung kinh nghiem cho minh Trong qua trinh thu hut va sir dung nguon vdn ODA cho hieu qua tat ca cac nganh, dac biet la Nganh giao thdng van tai Mac du vay, van cdn nhieu kho khan, can trd lam giam hieu qua qua trinh thu hut va sir dung nguon vdn nay, dac biet la Nganh giao thdng van tai nganh cd so vdn ODA tap trung cao, vdi mot so giai phap tren mong rang cd the giam bdt phan nao nhung kho khan, can trd ma chung ta gap phai Nhung giai phap tren xuat phat tir thuc trang chung cua cac ban quan ly du an hien Du nguyen nhan la chu quan hay khach quan thi cung nen xem xet, kiem tra danh gia nhung cai dupe va nhung cai mat sau da tien hanh cai each lai mdi trudng cua cac du an ODA dac biet linh vuc giao thdng Thuc trang quan ly cac du an ODA cua cac ban quan ly hien nhu mot vong luan cuon : thieu vdn doi ung nen cdng tac giai phdng mat bang bi cham tre, giai phdng mat bang cham gay anh hudng den tien cdng trinh, cdng trinh keo dai lam tang chi phi cua chu dau tu Tat ca cac khau co mdi quan he chat che vdi vi vay khong the giai quyet mot vai khau don le ma can giai quyet tren toan he thdng day truyen thi hieu qua, chat luong cua du an, chat luong cua ban quan ly du an mdi duoc nang cao mot each toan dien De giai quyet triet de duoc tinh hinh thuc trang chung hien thi khong chi mot minh ban than ban quan ly du an thuc hien ma can cd sir chung tay vao cuoc cua tat ca cac cap nganh cd lien quan den quan ly du an ODA Thay doi tu thap den cao, tu cao den thap, tu tat ca cac bo, ban, nganh, tir trung uong den dia phuong Moi ngudi cung chung sue gop cho mdi trudng dau tu kinh doanh khong chi linh vuc giao thdng ma moi linh vuc duoc lanh manh Tao nen mot mdi trudng mdi, hinh anh mdi cho dat nudc 80 3.4 Dieu kien dam bao nang cao nang luc quan ly cac du an ODA linh vuc giao thong De dam bao nang cao nang lire quan ly cua cac ban quan ly du an thi cac yeu to ben cung nhu cac yeu to ben ngoai can duoc xay dung mot each hai hoa va hop ly : Nang cao nang luc quan ly la nang cao ve cac chi tieu nhu lua chon nha thau nang luc trien khai thuc hien du an, the che to chuc, nang luc phoi hop quan ly day la nhung chi tieu ben cua ban quan ly du an, ban than ban quan ly dir an thuc hien tot cac chi tieu cung can co su lien ket vdi cac nhan to ben ngoai Dieu kien de cac giai phap cd the phat huy duoc tac dung cua minh tuong lai thi yeu to then chot la su thay ddi ban than bo may quan ly cua cac cap quan ly ODA - Neu cao tinh than thuc hien trach nhiem cua tung can bo ddi vdi cdng viec cua minh dam nhiem Tranh dim day, chong cheo cdng viec va trach nhiem giua cac bo phan cd lien quan Yeu td hien doi vdi can bo han che nen can thay ddi de hudng the he tuong lai cd mdi truong hoc tap va lam viec tot hon - Thay ddi the che theo hudng tich cue, loai trir nhung yeu td tieu cue gay un tac qua trinh thuc hien du an The che cua mdi ban quan ly ton tai tir lau nhu mot net van hoa rieng cua tirng nganh, linh vuc Vi vay, de thay doi duoc can cd sir di dau cua nha quan ly cap cao - Xay dung mot he thdng thdng tin minh bach ve ODA va cac chu the tham gia vao du an ODA nhu cac chu dau tu, ban quan ly du an, nha thau va ngoai nudc de thuan tien cho cdng tac kiem tra danh gia chat luong chung cua du an cua cac doi tuong dupe hudng loi tir du an - Dam bao dupe quyen loi cua dpi ngu quan ly de tranh hien tuong tham nhung, lang phi cua cac dir an Dieu anh hudng true tiep den ngan sach nha nudc, vi ngan sach nha nudc phai bo phan vdn doi ung de giai phong mat bang va nop thue Tuy nhien di doi vdi quyen loi la trach nhiem ma cac nha quan ly phai 81 thuc hien dam bao cho cdng viec duoc thuc hien tot Ben canh cung dam bao loi ich hai hoa giua cac ben co loi ich lien quan thuc hien dir an - Xay dung nhung dieu kien rang buoc cua cac ben tham gia dir an duoc thuc hien Trach nhiem va quyen loi ve chat luong cua du an du an duoc dua vao su dung Trach nhiem cua chu du an, trach nhiem cua nha thau thi cong, cua tu van giam sat, thiet ke - He thong cac van ban, nghi dinh can duoc xay dung cu the hon, dam bao chat luong thuc hien va giai quyet cac vu viec co lien quan Con ngudi la yeu to then chot viec thuc hien va la doi tuong viec thuc hien cac giai phap vay ngudi la doi tuong can thay doi dau tien, thay doi each nghi, each lam va thuc hien 3.5 Kien nghi Doi vdi chu du an: - Chu dong co cac bien phap de thuc day tien thuc hien chuong trinh dir an - Tiep tuc chu dong viec tang cudng nang lire cho cac Ban QLDA nham dap ung cdng viec duoc giao - Tang cudng va cung co cac nhom tham gia du an de cac nhom danh thdi gian phu hop va day du cho cac hoat dong cua dir an Doi vdi Bo Tdi chinh: - Chu dong tham van phoi ket hop vdi cac don vi thuoc Bo de co cac bien phap cu the va ho tro chu du an viec thao go cac vudng mac - Hd tro cac chu du an va Ban QLDA viec tang cudng nang lire ve mot sd noi dung nhu: lap ke hoach, mua sam dau thau, theo doi danh gia du an r i r Doi vdi Uy ban nhan dan Hd Noi - Xay dung mot khung chuan ve gia den bu cho tirng khu vuc mot each hop ly dam bao quyen loi cho ngudi dan - Phoi hop chat che vdi BQLDA cdng tac den bit giai phong mat bang va xay dung khu tai dinh cu cho ngudi dan 82 Doi vdi co quan chu quan: - Phoi hop voi cac nha tai tro de hai hoa thu tuc giua cac ben - Trao cho Viet Nam co quyen tu chu nhieu hon, dac biet la cho cac nha thau Viet Nam co the tham gia cac du an su dung nguon von dau tu cua nuoc ngoai Doi voi Bo Giao Thdng Van Tai - Tien hanh co hieu qua cong tac giam sat chat luong cua cac nha thau de nang cao hieu qua cua cong tac dau thau Danh gia phan loai nha thau theo thu hang de lam can cu so tuyen nha thau tranh tinh trang bo thau thap gay anh huong den chat luong cong trinh - Tranh tinh trang chia nhd goi thau qua trinh thuc hien cac hang muc cong trinh gay su cham tre chung cho ca du an - Nang cao tinh minh bach qua trinh dau thau r - To chuc cac cuoc hoi thao de hoc hoi cac quan ly dau thau va hop dong 7 A A quoc te voi cac chuyen gia quoc te Nham hoc hoi trao doi kinh nghiem cho cac nha thau - Xay dung va nang cao chat luong cua cac cong trinh cong cong nham han che phuong tien ca nhan de giam u tac va su xuong cap cua cac cong trinh giao thong 83 KET LUAN • Nguon von ODA la nguon von quan cho phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nen viec thu hut va su dung hieu qua nguon von co y nghia rat quan cho phat trien dau tu nudc, phat trien ngudn nhan luc, dieu chinh co cau kinh te Doi vdi mdi nha quan ly dat tren vai trach nhiem to ldn viec phat trien cua dat nudc phai luon hoc hoi kinh nghiem thuc tien va cdng cua cac nudc, trao doi kien thuc ap dung linh hoat vao qua trinh quan ly Luan van da dua nhung cdng, ton tai hay nhung nguyen nhan cua cdng va ton tai viec quan ly cac du an ODA ttr da dua nhung de xuat lien quan tdi nhan su, ca cau quan ly va he thdng phap luat gop phan nang cao nang luc quan ly cac du an nham dem lai hieu qua cho phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua quoc gia Ban quan ly du an chiu trach nhiem chinh dieu hanh va quan ly cac du an ODA linh vuc giao thdng, vi vay nang luc, nghiep vu va trinh quan ly cd anh hudng true tiep tdi du an tu mdi lap du an cho den trien khai xay dung, lira chon nha thau den hoan dir an De tai da dua nhung ton tai han che can khac phuc va nhung uu diem can phat huy han nua doi vdi cac ban quan ly Du la quan ly bat ky linh vuc nao noi chung va quan ly du an ODA linh vuc giao thdng noi rieng cung luon phai boi dudng nghiep vu, nang cao trinh va phuc vu cho ban than va cho su phat trien chung cua toan xa hoi! De dua dat nudc phat trien la nhiem vu chung TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Do Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang (Chu bien) (2008), Giao trinh kinh te qudc te Nha xuat ban Kinh te quoe dan Nguyen Khanh Hang (2010) Ho tra phat trien chinh thuc ODA doi vai giao thong van tai Vu Thu Hang (2010),Vang cao hieu qua quan ly du an ODA tai Viet Vaw.Protal.uet.edu.vn Bui Nguyen Khanh (2002), Thu hut va su dung nguon vdn nuac ngoai xay dung ket cau tang cua nganh giao thong van tai Duy Nguyen (2010), Mot so giai phap doi mai quan ly viec su dung vdn vay ODA a Viet Nam giai doan 2003 — 2010 Vu Thi Kim Oanh, 2008, Nhung giai phap chu yeu nham su dung co hieu qua nguon vdn ODA tai Lz’et VaraCTainguyenso.vnu.edu.vn Nguyen Hong Thai (20 \0\Bdi hoc kinh nghiem thuc te thu hut va quan ly ODA tai Viet Nam Protal.uet.edu.vn Vo Thanh Thu (2003), Giao trinh quan he kinh te qudc te, Nha xuat ban thong ke Nghi dinh 131/2006/ND-CP, 09 thang 11 nam 2006 10 De an : "Dinh huang thu hut, quan ly va su dung nguon ho tra phat trien chinh thuc va cac khoan vdn vay uu dai khac cua cac nha tai tra thdi ky 2011 - 2015" theo QD106/2012/QD-TTg 19/01/2012 11 Bo Ke hoaeh va dau tu (2011) Ban tin ODA so 37,(true tuyen) tai dia ehi http://oda.mpi.gov.vn/linkCliek.aspx?filetieket=p0uAhe0G9BI%3d&tabid=165