Luận văn mở rộng tín dụng đối với các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa tại ngân hàng vpbank

WWW TRUdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN *** TRAN THI ANH ’ 41 HC'C ' THONG TH THU ,t; PhONG LUANAN - f t.IEi' MO RONG TIN DUNG DOI VOI CAC DOANH NGHIEP ■ ■ ■ X ’K x NHO VA VUA TAI NGAN HANG VPBANK ■ Chuyen nganh: KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN LUAN • VAN THAC • SY KINH TE rm 5J5TNgutii huting din khoa hoc: PGS.TS NGUYEN NGOC SON HA NOI, NAM 2011 LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cuu doc lap cua toi So lieu dupe neu luan van la trung thuc va co trich ngudn Kdt qua nghien cuu luan van la trung thuc va chua duoc cong b6 bit ky cong trinh nghien cuu nao khac TAC GIA LUAN VAN Tran Thi Anh LCH CAM ON Toi xin chan cam on Quy thay co Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Qu6c dan da tan tarn giang day, truyen dat nhtrng kien thuc quy bau cho toi sudt thui gian toi hoc tap tai truong Dac biet, toi xin chan cam on PGS.TS Nguyen Ngoc Son da tan tinh chi bao, huong ddn cho toi hoan luan van Toi cung xin chan cam on cac anh chi dong nghiep dang cong tac tai Ngan hang TMCP Viet Nam Thinh Vuong da het long ho tro, cung cdp s6 lieu va dong gop y kien quy bau giup toi hoan luan van MUC • LUC • LOI CAM DOAN LOI CAM ON DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU DO VA HINH VE TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOI MO DAU CHUONG 1: CO sd LY LUAN VE TIN DUNG NGAN HANG DOI VOI SU PHAT TRIEN CUA DNNV 1.1 DNNVV va vai trd cua DNNVV nen kinh te thi trudng 1.1.1 Khai niem 1.1.2 Vai trd cua DNNVV 1.1.3 Dae diem cua DNNVV nen kinh te thi trudng 1.2 Tin dung ngan hang doi vdi DNNVV 1.2.1 Khai niem va cac hinh thuc tin dung cua NHTM doi vdi cac DNNVV 1.2.2 Vai trd cua tin dung ngan hang doi vdi DNNVV 12 1.2.3 Md rong tin dung Ngan hang 13 1.2.4 Su can thiet cua viec md rong tin dung doi vdi cac DNNVV tai cac NHTM 17 1.3 Cac nhan to tac dong den viec md rong tin dung NHTM doi vdi DNNVV 19 1.3.1 Cac nhan to chu quan 19 1.3.2 Cac nhan td khach quan 23 1.4 Kinh nghiem cua cac ngan hang khac viec ho tro cac DNNVV .26 1.4.1 Ngan hang BIDV 27 1.4.2 Ngan hang thuong mai co phan ky thuong Viet Nam - Techcombank: 28 1.4.3 Bai hoc kinh nghiem doi vdi VPbank 28 CHUONG 2: THUC TIN DUNG DOI VOI CAC DOANH NGHIEP • TRANG • • • NHO VA VUA TAI NGAN HANG VPBANK .30 2.1 Khai quat hoat dong kinh doanh cua VPBank 30 2.1.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua Vpbank 30 2.1.2 Co cau to chuc 31 2.1.3 Cac hoat dong chinh cua VP Bank: 32 2.1.4 Tinh hinh hoat dong kinh doanh cua VPBank 2009-2010 32 2.2 Thue trang hoat dong tin dung doi vdi cac DNNVV tai VPBank 35 2.2.1 Quy trinh tin dung cua VPBank doi vdi cac DNNVV 35 2.2.2 Chinh sach tin dung 37 2.2.3 Thue trang hoat dong tin dung doi vdi DNNVV tai VPBank giai doan 20072010 45 2.3 Danh gia chung ve hoat dong tin dung doi voi cac DNNVV cua VPBank 56 2.3.1 Thanh tuu dat duoc 56 2.3.2 Nhung ton tai 59 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan cua han che 64 CHLONG 3: GIAI PHAP NHAM MO RONG TIN DUNG DOI VOl DNNVV • • TAI NGAN HANG VPBANK 71 3.1 Dinh hudng phat trien cua VPBank den nam 2015 71 3.1.1 Quan diem phat trien DNNVV cua Nha nude 71 3.1.2 Dinh hudng va muc tieu dau tu tin dung cho cac DNNVV cua VP Bank ddn 2015 73 3.2 Giai phap nham md rong tin dung doi vdi cac DNNVV tai VPBank 76 3.2.1 Cac giai phap tu phia ngan hang 76 3.2.2 Cac giai phap tu cac DNNVV 92 3.3.Kien nghi 95 3.3.1 Doi vdi Ngan hang Nha nude 95 3.3.2 V6 phia VPBank 95 3.3.3 Ve phia Chinh phu: Chinh phu can dua cac giai phap ve cac chinh sach vi mo nhu 97 KET LUAN 98 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 99 DANH MUC CAC (II (' VIET TAT DN Doanh nghiep DNNVV Doanh nghiep nhd va vira TSDB Tai san dam bao HTX Hop tac xa NHTM Ngan hang thuong mai LN Loi nhuan NHTMCP Ngan hang thuong mai co phan NHNN Ngan hang nha nude CBCNV Can bo cong nhan vien SXKD San xuat kinh doanh HDQT Hoi dong quan tri CBTD Can bo tin dung AO Can bo tin dung DANH MUC BANG, BIEU DO VA HINH VE Bang 1: Tieu chi xac dinh Doanh nghiep nho va vtra Bang 2.1: Co cau nguon von huy dong 33 Bang 2.2: Tinh hinh du no cua DNNVV 46 Bang 2.3: Tinh hinh du no cua DNNVV theo hinh thuc cAp tin dung 47 Bang 2.4: Tinh hinh du no theo loai hinh doanh nghiep 48 Bang 2.5: Tinh hinh du no theo nganh nghe doanh nghiep 49 Bang 2.6: Tinh hinh du no theo ky han qua cac nam 49 Bang 2.7: Tinh hinh du no theo hinh thuc dam bao 51 Bang 2.8: So lupng khach hang DNNVV 52 Bang 2.9: Loi nhuan ngan hang qua cac nam gan day 54 Bang 2.10: Chi tieu phan anh no xau qua cac nam 55 Bieu 2.1: Quy trinh tin dung 37 Hinh 2.1: So co cau to chuc 31 fl ~ ~ TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUO'C DAN *** TRAN THI ANH r ** r MO RONG TIN DUNG DOI VOI CAC DOANH NGHIEP ■ ■ ■ v -\ x NHO VA VUA TAI NGAN HANG VPBANK ■ Chuyen nganh: KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN TOM tAt LUAN VAN THAC SY • HA NOl, NAM 2011 • It 85 ■ Ngoai cac thong tin tir bao cao tai chinh, can bo tin dung can phai chu dong di khao sat tinh hinh tao co so cua cac doanh nghiep Qua do, ngan hang co the nam bat duoc thong tin ve kha nang san xuat kinh doanh noi chung cua doanh nghiep, nang luc quan ly, nhu cau hien tai va tuong lai cua khach hang mot each khac quan ♦♦♦ Ve phan tich va danh gia khach hang Sau da thu thap day du thong tin, can bo tin dung phai phan tich cac thdng tin Qua ban bao cao tai chinh, can phan tich tot cac chi tieu de tir danh gia tinh hinh vay no, kha nang hoan tra, toe vong quay binh quan von luu dong, tinh hinh tieu thu san pham, loi nhuan cua doanh nghiep Khi phan tich cac du lieu can bo tin dung dac biet chu y den kha nang sinh loi cua phuong an xin vay va cac nguon thu khac cua khach hang Sb di nhu vay la vi tinh kha thi cua phuong an anh huong true tiep tdi kha nang tra no cua doanh nghiep Neu phuong an kha thi dan toi hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cd hieu qua va tao ngudn thu thi khach hang co kha nang tra no hop dong tin dung den han toan Nhin chung, viec phan tich can tap trung vao cac van de chu yeu sau: ■ Khach hang phai co day du cac dieu kien vay von theo quy dinh cu the doi voi tung khach hang, tung loai cho vay de dam bao thu hoi no gbc, lai dung han ■ Phuong an, du an vay von phai cd hieu qua va tinh kha thi a r r \ r r ■ Ho so thu tuc vay vdn phai day du theo che quy dinh, neu co xay to tung tranh chap thi phai dam bao an toan phap ly cho ngan hang ■Nang luc phap ly cua khach hang nhu quyet dinh lap hop phap, dang ky kinh doanh, quyet dinh bo nhiem ngubi dai dien hop phap trubc phap luat ■ Tham dinh ve tinh each, uy tin cua khach hang nham han che rui ro b muc thap nhat ■ Thong qua viec phan tich tinh hinh thuc trang cua khach hang can bo tin dung phai dua duoc danh gia chung ve thuc trang kinh doanh, tinh hop ly cua nhu cau vay von, danh gia kha nang hoan tra, tinh kha thi cua phuong an vay von r a ? Ngoai qua trinh su dung von ngan hang can tang cubng kiem tra kiem soat 86 viec su dung von vay, ttr kip thoi dua nhung giai phap ho tro, tu van kip thdi cac DNNVV gap kho khan qua trinh su dung von 3.2.1.4 Da dang hoa ve hinh thuc cap tin dung doi voi DNNVV Nhu da phan tich d chuong I, khu vuc DNNVV rat da dang ve quy mo, nganh nghe kinh doanh, rat linh hoat, vi vay nhu cau ve khdi luong vay vdn, thdi han vay, phuong thuc tra goc lai la khong giong Trong hinh thuc cap tin dung cua Vpbank chu yeu tap trung ve cho vay, ca hinh thuc khac nhu bao lanh, cho thue tai san hay chiet khau chiem ty rat nhd nen ngan hang phai dua nhung loai hinh tin dung phu hop voi tirng yeu cau cua khach hang Ngoai hoat dong cho vay, Vpbank len md rong them nua hoat dong cho thue tai san, bao lanh va chiet khau: - VP Bank nen day manh loai hinh cho thue tai san ddi vdi DNNVV day la hinh thuc rat nhieu uu viet tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep khong du vdn tu co de mua tai san ma tranh dupe tinh trang mua phai tai san lac hau, loi thdi Mat khac ddi vdi ngan hang cung se tranh duoc rui ro u dong vdn vi khong phai bo tien trudc de mua tai san, viec giao tai san dupe thuc hien true tiep giua hai ben - Cho vay bao lanh: Hoat dong chua phat trien tai VP Bank vai nam qua Trong qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh, co nhung doanh nghiep nhd va vua thieu vdn nhung khong du dieu kien vay vdn theo quy dinh cua VP Bank thi VP Bank co the tu van cho khach hang nhd mot td chuc nao dung bao lanh khoan vay Khi ap dung hinh thuc VP Bank edn yeu cdu to chuc bao lanh phai co day du giay td can thiet Viec bao lanh phai dudi ky ket bang van ban va phai dupe co quan co tham quyen xac nhan Day la hinh thuc cap tin dung cd rui ro thap phu hop vdi cho vay cac DNNVV nen VP Bank can khan truong dua vao thuc te de vira dap ung dupe nhu cau vay vdn cua khach hang va vira tang thu nhap, md rong tin dung cho VP Bank - Chiet khau giay td co gia: Trong hoat dong kinh doanh, cac doanh nghiep sd huu cac chung tir co gia nhu hoi phieu, trai phieu, tin phieu ngan hang chua den han toan nhung doanh nghiep lai co nhu cau dot xuat ve chi tieu, doanh nghiep co 87 the dem nhung chung tu den ngan hang xin chiet khau Day la mot hinh thuc cap tin dung gian tiep, giup doanh nghiep thoa man von luu dong khong thuong xuyen, nhanh, de dang gop phan day nhanh toe luan chuyen von -VS hoat dong cho vay thi: ngan hang nen linh hoat hoat dong cho vay doi voi tung doi tuong khach hang Van biet cho vay cac DNNVV la co nhieu rui ro song khong hdn tat ca cac DNNVV deu lam an kem hieu qua, deu dua nhung phuong an vay von khong thuyet phuc Phai manh dan danh gia xem xet muc tin nhiem cua DNNVV de co the cho vay tin chap doi vdi DNNVV Khong phai tat ca cac DNNVV deu co tai san the chap VP Bank nen can cu vao hieu qua cua phuong an vay vdn, ngudn chinh de tra no khoan vay la lqi nhuan mang lai tir phuong an san xuAt Ndu duqc VP Bank cd the tu van thiet lap phuong an, cung nhu thuc hien phuong an Dong thdi cd the gop chung vdn de cung thuc hien Nhu vay se tang mure tin nhiem giua VP Bank vdi khach hang, tang hieu qua sir dung vdn 3.2.1.5 Coi cong tac to chuc bdi duong trinh cho can bo tin dung ❖ Nang cao trinh nghiep vu - Trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu cua doi ngu can bo cd vai tro het sue quan ddi vdi ket qua hoat dong cua cac ngan hang thuong mai Sd di cac ngan hang can phai cd mot doi ngu chuyen mon gidi la yeu cau cua cong tac tarn dinh tin dung, chi cd nhung ngudi nang luc chuyen mon cao, cd kinh nghiem thuc tien va phai cd mot kien thuc tong hop mdi cd the thuc hien tot nghiep vu tham dinh cho vay Khong chi hoat dong tin dung, cac hoat dong khac cung rat can nhung nhan vien gidi Cac ngan hang thuong mai luon luon di dau urng dung cong nghe de dap ung nhu cau toan, de van hanh he thdng ky thuat ho can cd nhung nhung ngudi cd kha nang quan su dung tot cac thiet bi va cac san pham tin hoc Ngay cac ngan hang thuong mai coi cong nghe nhu linh hon cua ho - De nang cao kien thuc chuyen mon nghiep vu ddi vdi CBCNV thi Vpbank can ban hanh mot chinh sach ve quan ly nhan luc thdng nhat va chat che hon nua Chinh sach nhan luc phai khep kin tir khau tuyen dung, su dung, de bat, khen 88 thuang, ky luat, dao tao, tien lugng Khong chi ban hanh chinh sach ma to chuc thuc hien chinh sach phai thuc su nghiem tuc Thuc hien dao tao lai cac kien thuc co ban da dugc hgc tai nha truong Thuong xuyen cap nhat cac kien thuc moi cho dpi ngu Can bo, cong nhan vien chuc Song song dao tao ly thuyet la dao tao cac kien thuc thuc tien bang each due rut va bien kinh nghiep cong tac Khuyen khich dao tao nang cao nhu hoan chinh kien thuc dai hpc cho nhung Giao dich vien chua tot nghiep Dai hpc, dao tao tren dai hpc cho nhung can bo chu chot co ehieu hudng phat trien tot Chu y dao tao ddi vdi dpi ngu can bo tin dung Chu dao tao kien thuc thuc tien cho dpi ngu can bo tin dung Song song dao tao kien thuc chuyen mon can dao tao them ky nang giao tiep va dam phan vdi khach hang - Thuc hien dong vien, khen thudng kip thdi ddi vdi nhung CBCNV cd tich tot, nhung PGD cd hieu qua giao dich ve huy dong hay tin dung hieu qua cao, dong thdi thuc hiep phe binh, su ky ky luat thich dang ddi vdi nhung CBCNV vo y thuc, vi pham ky luat ❖ Ren luyen pham chat dao dice nghiep, van hod giao tiep Hau het cac hoat dong cua ngan hang deu lien quan den tai san vay can phai cd mot luc luong can bo cd dao due tot Dac biet ddi vdi can bo tin dung lam r i r > ban than ma quyet dinh cho vay sai khong chi gay ton that ve tai san ma lam anh hudng den thuong hieu cua ngan hang Trong nen te thi trudng, ma canh tranh quyet liet dien ra, tinh trang du cung la dieu khong hiem thay thi ky nang giao tiep va van minh kinh doanh cung la mot cong cu ma cac ngan hang su dung r r de canh tranh Ky nang dam phan, ky nang giao tiep, van hoa va ban sac ngan hang la nhung nhan td gian tiep anh hudng den md rong cho vay Noi dung nang cao dao due nghe nghiep, van hoa giao dich can tap trung vao mot sd van de nhu sau : ■ Boi dudng dao due ddi vdi Can bo la phan tich cho dpi ngu can bo thay dupe mdi trudng dac biet ma ho tac nghiep, thay dugc tac hai va nhung hau qua se den 89 ndu khong giu gin duoc dao due Pho bien guong nguoi tot viec tot doi voi doi ngu CBTD ■ Thuong xuyen kiem tra phat hien va xur ly kip thoi nhung hien tuong xam tieu tai san chung, nhtrng hien tuong an tien cua khach hang vay von Phe phan phong each lam viec cura quyen, thieu trach nhiem se xoi mon niem tin cua khach hang cung can duoc xu ly kip thoi Lanh dao phai la nguoi guong mau, la tam guong cho moi nguoi noi theo ■Ren luyen y chi la de tao quyet tam cao thi hanh cong viec Nguoi can bo co y chi cao giup cho ho co kha nang thuc hien nhung cong viec kho khan gian khd Trong hoat dong ngan hang va nhat la hoat dong tin dung co nhieu noi, nhieu luc cong viec gap kho khan, neu co doi ngu can bo co y chi cao thi moi viec giai quyet tro len de dang hon 3.2.1.6 To chuc tot cong tac huy dong cac nguon von dap ung nhu cau vay von cua khach hang, dac biet la nguon von trung va dai han Huy dong vdn la cong viec dau tien mot ngan hang phai thuc hien de tao dieu kien cho hoat dong kinh doanh cua ngan hang Ngudn vdn ngan hang phai ddi dao thi ngan hang moi dap ung duqc nhu cau vay vdn cua cac doanh nghiep va tang cudng kha nang khoan Vi vay td chuc tot cong tac huy dong vdn cung gop phan quan vao viec hd tro tin dung cho cac DNNVV Hoat dong tin dung cua Vpbank chu yeu la tin dung ngan han chiem den gan 80% nam 2010, cho vay trung va dai han Thuc te la cac DNNVV hien rat kho khan viec tim ngudn vdn tai tro trung va dai han Mat khac, VP Bank chu yeu la tin dung ngan han r y r (chiem gan 80%), trung va dai han chiem ty nhd tdng du nq Vi vay VP Bank phai day manh cho vay trung dai han de giup cac DNNVV co the dau tu tai san cd dinh, may moc thiet bi hien dai de san xuat nhtrng san phdm tang tinh nang cong dung phu hop voi yeu cau thi truong, tang kha nang canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Do do, de dap ung duqc nhu cau ngudn vdn dap ung hoat dong tin dung tren thi ngan hang can co nhtrng bien phap nham thu hut luong vdn trung va dai han tao 90 ca sa, dieu kien cho viec md rong cho vay trung dai han doi vai DNNVV De lam duoc dieu Ngan hang can thuc hien tot cong tac Marketing vai cac bien phap sau: Thunhtit Bien phap lien quan den lai suit D6 tang cudng huy dong von ngan hang can xay dung chinh sach lai suat hop ly Cu thd lai suat phai phu hop vdi thdi han cua ngudn tien huy dong; vao ty le lam phat va thu nhap ky vong cua ngudi gui tien; phai co muc tieu diem tuc la nham vao doi tuong cu the nao nhu nhung ngudi cd thu nhap cao se cd nhung dieu khoan uu dai, hoac dua vao tong the mdi quan he cua khach hang vdi ngan hang Vi du khach hang su dung nhieu san pham dich vu cua ngan hang, cd mdi quan he lau dai, uy tin vdi ngan hang thi ngan hang se cd uu dai ve lai suat tien gui ddi vdi khach hang Viec xac dinh lai suat hop ly lam cho ngan hang tdi da hoa lgi nhuan va vao tung thdi ky ma ngan hang cd chinh sach lai suat cu the Thu- hai: Chinh sach san pham San pham co y nghia rat quan doi vdi A A hoat dong huy dong vdn Nhu cau cua cong chung cang phat trien va da dang vi vay san pham tien gui cung phai thuong xuyen thay ddi dap ung kip thdi cac nhu cau cua khach hang Mdi khoan tien nhan rdi nen kinh te deu cd nhung dac diem khac Can day manh nghien cuu phat trien cac san pham mdi tang lgi ich cho f r r r > khach hang Ban hanh cac san pham tiet kiem cd ky han ngan nhu tiet kiem tuan, tiet kiem ngay, tiet kiem cd lai suat linh hoat, tiet kiem nit goc linh hoat Tu tang thu hut cong chung gui tien tiet kiem Td chuc phat hanh phat hanh chung chi tien gui de tao ngudn vdn on dinh nham cai thien co cau ngudn vdn tao co sd de can ddi va co cau lai du ng cho phu hgp Thdi gian gan dau khach hang gui tien tiet kiem da quan tarn rat nhieu den tinh long cua tien gui tiet kiem, VPBank can phai nghien cuu phat trien cac san pham cd tinh linh hoat cac de dap ung nhu cau cua khach hang Tinh linh hoat the 91 mot san pham cd lai suat rut trudc Han va cd the duoc dieu chinh lai suat theo lai suat thi trudng se dap ung dupe nhu cau gui tien cua khach hang lam phat gia tang nhu hien Khong chi quan tam den huy dong tien gui cua dan cu ma phai thudng xuyen quan tam ddn tien gui toan cua cac to chuc kinh te Quan tam den viec tim kiem cac ngudn tien ldn cua cac to chuc kinh te va ca nhan de thuc hien san pham hop ddng tien gui nham tang nhanh ngudn vdn dap ung cho nhu cau md rong cho vay Thu ba: Chinh sach phan phoi Hien VP Bank cd mang ludi kenh phan phoi phu song d hau het d cac tinh, song sd luong PGD it vi vay thdi gian tdi VP Bank nen lap them mot sd chi nhanh va PGD mdi Tren mdi dia phuong VPBank can can tim hieu ro sd dan cu, thu nhap va nhu cau cac san pham dich vu nhu the nao, ddi thu canh tranh sao, vi mdi vung cd mot dac thu kinh te khac dd tir phan bo mang ludi giao dich hop ly chu khong phai chia deu cac chi nhanh d cac dia ban, giup cho khach hang tiep can vdi ngan hang dan dang hon Thuc te cac kenh phan phoi hien dai dang rat bien va mang lai hieu qua cao nhu thong qua cac ngan hang dien tu, dich vu ngan hang tai nha, dich vu ATM Ngan hang can nghien cuu va ung dung de dua cac kenh di vao thuc the d ngan hang minh nham thu hut khach hang ve phia minh Thu tu: Ngan hang phai khong ngimg nang cao trinh cong nghe, cai tien quy trinh giao dich vdi khach hang, don gian hoa thu tuc nham nang cao chat luong dich vu cung ung cho khach hang Di doi vdi viec ung dung cong nghe tien tien hien dai ngan hang phai nang cao trinh can bo ngan hang de tranh lang phi ngudn vdn dau tu, dac biet la nhung ung dung cua cong nghe thong tin Thu nam: Cac bien phap ve tam ly Theo tam ly thi khach hang ho tin tudng z r e vao he thong ngan hang thuong mai qudc doanh hon cac ngan hang thuong mai cd phan Vi the ngan hang can tao lap va cung cd uy tin vdi khach hang - Ngan hang phai thuc hien tot khau tuyen dung va dao tao nhan vien bao gom trinh nhan vien va phong each giao dich vdi khach hang 92 - Cung co xay dung co so vat chat ky thuat khang trang, an toan, day du tien nghi - Ngan hang phai xay dung chinh sach kinh doanh hop ly tuc la phai ket hop hai hoa muc tieu: loi nhuan, an toan va kinh doanh lanh manh Neu qua chu loi nhuan se mat an toan hoac kinh doanh khong lanh manh se lam giam uy tin cua ngan hang Ben canh viec tao lap uy tin vdi khach hang ngan hang can tang cudng tuyen truyen quang cao, xay dung hinh anh tot vdi khach hang Ngoai VP Bank cd the ap dung phuong phap chon mau dieu tra nhu cau khach hang nham thoa man tot nhat nhu cau cua khach Tuy tung giai doan tung thdi ky ma VP Bank lua chon va dua cac bien phap cho phu hop 3.2.2 Cac gidi phap tic cac DNNVV Ben canh nhung giai phap, co che ho tro tir phia ngan hang cho doanh nghiep mot each tich cue thi dieu quan trong, chu yeu de ngudn von ngan hang co the de dang tiep can vdi doanh nghiep la nhung nd luc tir ban than doanh nghiep Mot thuc te het sue bat cap la doanh nghiep thi thieu von ngan hang dang cd von khong cho vay duoc, khong phai la ngan hang khong muon cho cac doanh nghiep vay ma ngan hang e ngai doanh nghiep khong co kha nang tra no Vi the de khai thong rao can gay ach tac quan he tin dung giua ngan hang vdi doanh nghiep > r r \ thi cac doanh nghiep can phai chu y giai quyet cac van de saur 3.2.2.1 Doanh nghiep can phai xay dung he thong quan ly, theo doi ve tai chinh ke toan minh bach De tiep can von vay ngan hang thi cac doanh nghiep can phai xay dung he trung thuc, dang bao nhieu cang tot bay nhieu, vi trudc quyet dinh cho vay cac nha ngan hang thuong kiem tra, tham dinh de danh gia tin cay cua minh ddi vdi doanh nghiep thong qua cac bao cao, sd lieu tai chinh ma doanh nghiep cung cap Cac DNNVV can quan tam dau tu dung muc xay dung he thong kiem soat noi bo cd hieu qua, td chuc he thong thong tin tai chinh trung thuc, khach quan va minh 93 bach Ngoai viec van dung bao cao tai chinh, mot nhung phuong an kha thi la xay dung he thdng bao cao nhanh bao gom cac chi tieu the hien rd kha nang toan cua cac doanh nghiep Nhung chi tieu co the dua tren mot pham vi hep tren co sd danh gia kha nang sinh ldi, cac tai san kinh doanh va tai san ca nhan 3.2.2.2 Doanh nghiep can phai co cac tai san dam bao; phuong an kinh doanh kha thi Cac doanh nghiep can phai cd cac tai san dam bao, mot ddi hoi tat yeu la khoan tien cho vay can duoc dam bao bdi tai san hop phap cua cong ty, hoat dong kinh doanh cd trien vong cung nhu thi trudng ma doanh nghiep ban dang chiem huu Phuong an kinh doanh kha thi la yeu td quyet dinh den viec cho vay vdn cua ngan hang Vi vay doanh nghiep can phai thuc su dua duoc phuong an cd hieu qua, cd tinh thuyet phuc Muon vay doanh nghiep can nang cao kha nang lap du an vi nhieu doanh nghiep cd co hoi tot, cd y tudng nhung khong lap duoc du an Doanh nghiep cung can chu dong nghien cuu thi trudng, mdi trudng kinh doanh, nhung rui ro cd the xay tao dieu kien cho hoat dong su dung vdn vay ngan hang duoc an toan, hieu qua 3.2.2.3 Tao dung va nang cao dupe uy tin, thuong hieu kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep minh r r •> r r Trong bdi canh suy thoai kinh te, de tiep can duoc vdi vdn vay cua cac ngan hang thi cac doanh nghiep can chung minh cho nha cho vay thay uy tin cua minh kinh doanh, chinh nhung gia tri vo hinh nhu gia tri thuong hieu, thi phan, kenh phan phoi la co sd, can cu quan dd ngan hang quyet dinh lua chon cho vay 3.2.2.4 Doanh nghiep can can doi ngudn vdn tu cd va vdn vay NH hop ly Hien nay, co cau vdn cua nhieu doanh nghiep chua hop ly, ty ngudn vdn di vay tir ben ngoai, tir ngan hang tong ngudn vdn kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep, ke ca Nha nudc va ngoai quoc doanh noi chung cao Dieu dan den: Doanh nghiep bi qua phu thuoc vao ngudn vdn ngan hang, vay duoc vdn ngan hang 94 thi hoat dong duoc, khong vay duoc von ngan hang thi khong hoac kho hoat dong Cac DNNVV phat trien theo can ddi ngudn von tu cd va vay ngan hang d muc hop ly de hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, khong dua hoan toan hoac chu yeu vao von vay thuang mai ngan hang Phai coi von vay ngan hang la von vay bo sung, can thiet cac dieu kien tinh toan da duoc xac lap qua trinh dau tu (Thong thuang chi chiem 30% tdng ngudn von) Doanh nghiep cd the huy dong, tao lap ngudn von khac ngudn von ngan hang nhu von tu co cua chu doanh nghiep; von co phan, von lien doanh lien ket; von huy dong tu noi bo, von tu huy dong qua phat hanh trai phieu Doanh nghiep phai nd luc nang cao nang luc cua minh nhu bo sung von chu sd huu bang nhieu hinh thuc nhu: keu goi vien tang von gop, tich luy von tu lgi nhuan hang nam, cac DNNVV can cd chien luge kinh doanh chu dong viec xay dung du an dau tu phu hgp vdi nang luc ve von, cong nghe va ngudi Dac biet chu den phuong an lua chon dam bao tinh tien tien hien dai, tu dong hoa san pham cd tinh canh tranh,chat lugng san Cd dugc nhu vay doanh nghiep se chu dong hoat dong va tu chiu trach nhiem trudc cac rui ro hoat dong kinh doanh cua minh Ngudn von tu cd se la co sd bao lanh cho doanh nghiep vay nen kha nang tiep can von tin dung se de dang hon 3.2.2.5 Doi mdi thiet bi cong nghe Do han che ve quy md va ngudn tai chinh nen doi vdi DNNVV van de trudc mat chua phai la cong nghe hien dai ma phai chon cong nghe phu hgp, cong nghe da dung xuat phat tu nhu cau thi trudng ve san pham de lua chon cong nghe ,nam bat thong tin, chu trgng cac san pham hang hoa lam phai cd tinh canh tranh cao va cd thi trudng tieu thu, phai phoi hgp vdi cac ngan hang tuan thu nghiem ngat cac che tai ve tin dung trudc, va sau vay von Tuy nhien, qua trinh su dung phai quan tam cai tien ky thuat de nang cao nang luc cong nghe hien cd Cac doanh nghiep nang cao chat lugng san pham Trong chu trgng ap dung he thong quan ly chat lugng theo cac tieu chuan chat lugng quoc te Ben canh viec cai tien ky thuat cong 95 nghe cdn phai dao tao, nang cao tay nghe cua nguoi lao dong de theo kip su hien dai cua may moc, nang cao hieu qua su dung may, han che hien tuong lang phi nguon luc 3.3 Kien nghi 3.3.1 Doi vffi Ngan hang Nhanut/c ■ Mot la: Hoan thien he thong van ban, quy che cho vay, thong nhat, binh ddng, tranh tinh trang phan biet giua cac loai hinh DN, gay kho khan cho DNNVV, giup cac DNNVV tiep can vdi nguon von tin dung mot cach hieu qua nhat Day la dong luc thuc day hoat dong cua DNNVV va tao mot hanh lang phap ly cho hoat dong cua NHTM ■ Hai la: Hoan chinh he thong thong tin lien quan den cac hoat dong cua NHTM He thong thong tin hien chua thuc su day du, thieu chinh xac va chua mang tinh thoi su Thong tin tin dung la mot van de thiet yeu khong the thieu doi vdi moi NHTM Vi vay nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua trung tam thong tin tin dung (CIC) nham tro giup dac luc cho cac NHTM viec thu thap thong tin, dua quyet dinh chinh xac, phu hop, tranh tinh trang mot du an nhiiu ngan hang cung cho vay hoac DN vay de dao no ( vay ngan hang tra no cho ngan hang khac), de kip thoi ngan chan va phong ngua rui ro tin dung ■ Ba la: Nang cao vai tro giam sat cua tra ngan hang: Cong tac tra phai co co che giam sat chat che va khoa hoc dam bao cac NHTM thuc hien nghiem tuc cac quy dinh hoat dong tin dung 3.3.2 Ve phia VPBank ■ Ra soat va co cau lai bo may theo hudng phu hop vdi quy mo cang ldn cua he thong VPBank hien Hai nam gan day 2009-2010 quy mo hoat dong cua Vpbank tang len nhanh chong Den da co hon 163 phOng giao dich va cOn dang co ke hoach md rong Quy mo tang nhat thiet keo theo bo may quan tri phai thay doi cho phu hop Khong chi co cau lai bo may quan ly cho phu hop ma phai thay doi cong nghe quan ly Mot cdng nghe quan ly phu hop la vua dat duoc muc tieu quan ly chat che rui ro vua dam bao tinh linh hoat hoat dong va phat trien 96 VPBank can phai nghien cuu cac md hinh quan ly cua cac ngan hang co quy md tuong tu de ap dung cho phu hop ■ Ra soat chinh sua lai quy che cho vay ddi voi khach hang cu che bao dam tien vay, muc phan quyet cho vay theo huong coi md hon ■ Quy che cho vay ddi vdi khach hang cua VPBank the hien d quyet dinh sd 467QD-HDQT 6/6/2002, co che dam bao tien vay khong co van ban rieng ma nam quy che cho vay va mot sd van ban khac ■ Cac van ban cua VPBank thdi gian ddi da lau tham chi tir nam nhtrng nam 2002 van co mot sd bat cap can phai chinh sua, xem xet mot sd van de dong thdi lien quan den nhieu van ban chinh sura gay len hien tuong kho khan cho nghien curu van ban ■ VPBank chua chu xay dung nhung van ban mang tinh can ban cho tung nghiep vu ldn nhu: quy che cho vay ddi vdi khach hang quy che dam bao tien vay, quy che bao lanh ma nghieng theo hudng xay dung nhung san pham dac thu nhu cho vay oto mdi, cho vay oto cu, cho vay mua nha tra gop, cho vay tin chap doi vdi CBCNV tinh he thdng cua cac van ban khong cao ■ Md rong quyen phan quyet cho vay ddi vdi cac chi nhanh de md rong cho vay Chinh sura each tinh lai theo sd du thuc te cho vay tra gop ■ Cai tien chinh sach tien luong theo hudng tra luong theo san pham va trao quyen chu dong tra luong cho cac chi nhanh ■ Chinh sach tien luong co vai tro rat quan ddi vdi viec tao dong lire cho ngudi lao dong Hinh thuc tra luong bien hien la ket hop tra luong cd dinh va tra luong theo san pham Theo ngudi lao dong co hai loai tien luong Luong cd dinh, va luong kinh doanh Tai VPBank da thuc hien tra luong theo hai loai tien luong nhung ty luong cd dinh va luong kinh doanh la chua hop ly Luong kinh doanh thap, khong tao dong lure thuc day ngudi lao dong Can phai gia tang luong kinh doanh, giam but luong cd dinh 97 3.3.3 Vephia Chinh phu: Chinh phu can dua cac giaiphap ve cac chinh sach vi md nhu' ■ Chinh phu nen nghien cuu xay dung cac chinh sach ho tro khoi DNNVV tren tat ca cac phuong dien nang cao nang luc quan tri dieu hanh, xay dung du an keu goi von dau tu, dinh hudng thi trudng, xuc tien thuong mai, dinh hudng linh vuc nghe nghiep, kiem toan, thue, von, bao lanh ■ Day nhanh tien cai each thu tuc hanh chinh; tang cudng cong tac truyen thong ve cac chinh sach ho tro cua Nha nudc ddi vdi DN ■ Tang cudng vai tro quan ly Nha nudc linh vuc hoat dong tien te - tin dung - ngan hang; dac biet la kiem soat chat che va cd che tai du manh de ngan chan cac hien tuong thu them cac khoan phi ngoai quy dinh (mac du hien NHNN da cho phep cac NHTM ap dung lai suat thoa thuan theo co che thi trudng) dan den viec nang lai suat cho vay thuc te cua cac NHTMCP ■ Tung budc nang cao tinh minh bach qua cac bao cao tai chinh cua DN thong r •> r t qua he thong kiem toan va cd che tai du manh de ngan chan hien tuong bao cao khong trung thuc cua cac DN 98 KET LUAN DNNVV co vai trd quan va chiem uu the nen kinh te thi truong cua Viet Nam hien Vi the viec phat trien tin dung ngan hang cho cac doanh nghiep la chien luge cho cac ngan hang thuong mai noi chung va cua VPBank noi rieng Thay duoc dieu VP Bank da co nhieu chu y den cac doanh nghiep Tuy nhien thuc te mdi quan he cua VP Bank voi cac DNNVV nhieu bat cap, nhieu chua tim duoc tieng noi chung Vi the viec tim cac giai phap tin dung ngan hang nham phat trien cac DNNVV tai VP Bank la mot van de vd cung can thiet Vdi mong muon dua mot sd giai phap de giai quyet van de neu tren luan van da hoan noi dung co ban sau: Khai quat van de ly luan chung ve DNNVV va tin dung ngan hang nen kinh te thi trudng Vai trd cua ngan hang viec phat trien DNNVV Tren co sd kinh nghiem cua mot ngan hang viec hd tro vdn tin dung cho DNNVV de rut ba hoc cho VPbank Trinh bay va phan tich thuc trang hoat dong tin dung cua VP Bank ddi vdi cac DNNVV may nam gan day tu neu nhung mat cdn ton tai can giai quyet va nguyen nhan cua ton tai Manh dan de suat mot sd giai phap true tiep, gian tiep nham nang cao hieu qua ddu tu tin dung phat trien DNNVV Dong thdi ban luan van cung neu mot sd kidn nghi vdi Chinh phu, VP Bank nham tao thuan loi cho cac doanh nghiep de dang tiep can vdi cac ngudn vdn tin dung ngan hang hon nua Tuy nhien viec phat trien DNNVV hieu qua dau tu tin dung cho DNNVV la mot van de ldn, can cd he thdng cac giai phap va cac dieu kien thuc hien dong bo Do ban luan van nay, em chi mong muon dong gop nhd tong the cac giai phap phat trien cac DNNVV De giai phap duoc thuc thi va phat huy tac dung thi can cd su nd luc tir ban than cac DNNVV, cd su quan tarn phoi hop hd tro cua Chinh phu va cac NHTM cung nhu cac cap, cac nganh cd lien quan Do hidu biet ban than va thdi gian nghien cuu cd han nen ban khoa luan khong the tranh khoi mot sd khiem khuyet, em rat mong nhan duoc nhieu y kien dong gop cua cac thay cd giao cung nhu ban doc quan tarn den de tai de ban khoa luan cua em duoc hoan thien hon r r r r r yr 99 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Tai chinh tien te ngan hang cua Miskin Quan tri ngan hang thuang mai cua Perterose Quan tri ngan hang thuang mai PGS.TS Phan Thi Thu Ha chu bien Bao cao ket qua kinh doanh cua VPBank qua cac nam Bao cao thuang nien cua VPBank qua cac nam Chinh sach h6 trg DNNVV a Viet Nam - PGS, PTS Nguyen Cue; PGS, PTS H6 Van Vinh Nghe thuat dieu hanh DNNVV -Phuong Ha - NXB Ho Chi Minh 1976 Ngan hang vai viec ho tra phat trien DNNVV - PTS Duong Thu Huang Giai phap phat trien DNNVV a Viet Nam (Nha xuat ban chinh tri quoc gia GS, TS Nguyen Dinh Huang) 10 Mot so trang bao mang khac