Luận văn giải pháp đẩy mạnh xuất khẩu hàng nông sản của việt nam sang thị trường châu phi

i NG DAI HQC KINH Tfi QUdC DaN PHAM XUAN THANH PHAP DAY MANH XUAT KHAl A.?, TH AC SY QUAN i'Rl KINH OOAn BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TROON G DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN PHAM XUAN THANH ■ GIAI PHAP DAY MANH XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN CUA VIET NAM SANG THI TRUONG CHAU PHI LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH ■ ■ ■ HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS.TS HOANG MINH DUONG DAI HOC KTQD TRUNGjlAM^ THdNGW^W^ HA NOI - 2005 Ldl CAM ON Trong qua trinh nghien cun va hoan thien luan van tot nghiep vdi de tai “Giai phap day manh xuat khau hang ndng san cua Viet Nam sang thi tritdng chau Phi”, toi da dupe su giup rat nhiet tinh cua nhieu thay cd giao, dong nghiep, ban be va ngudi than Trude het, toi muon gtri ldi cam on chan nhat tdi cac thay co giao cua Trudng dai hoc kinh te quoc dan, cac thay co giao va can bo Khoa thtrong mai va hoi dong khoa hoc cua khoa, dac biet la PGS - TS Hoang Minh Duong da tan tinh hudng dan, truydn dat nhung kien thuc va kinh nghiem cua minh qua trinh toi viet luan van thac sy Qua day, toi cung xin dupe cam on cac co chu, anh chi cua Vu Phi chau - Tay Nam A, Vu Ke hoach & Dau tu (Bo Thuong mai), Vu Thtrong mai va dich vu (Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu), Tong cue Hai quan, Vien nghien ctru thuong mai, Thu vien quoc gia, Thu vien kinh te the gidi da cung cap nhieu tu lieu quy bau, gop y thiet thuc va giup dd toi qua trinh tra ctru, tham khao tai lieu, viet chuyen de khoa hoc va den la luan van tot nghiep Tuy nhien, day la de tai rat mdi de cap den thi trudng rong 1cm, lien quan den nhieu nganh nhidu lmh vuc, thdi gian nghien ctru han che nen luan van khong tranh khdi nhung thieu sot, rat mong nhan dupe su dong gop y kien cua cac thay co giao, ban be, dong nghiep dd luan van dupe hoan thien hon, co y ngh'ia thuc tidn cao hon nua Xin chan cam on! L&I CAM DOAN Ho va ten cao hoc vien : Pham Xuan Thanh Lop : Cao hoc quan tri kinh doanh Khoa: KI Chuyen nganh : Quan tri kinh doanh thuong mai Trubng dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan Sau qua trinh hoc tap va nghien curu, duqc su dong y cua Nha truong va su giup nhiet tinh cua cac thay co giao Khoa Thuong mai, vdi tinh than lao dong khoa hoc nghiem tuc toi da tu nghien cum va viet ban luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh vdi de tai " Giai phap day manh xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi tric&ng chau Phi” De tai dupe hoan tren co so cac kien thde thu duqc th nha trudng, th thuc ti6n cong tac, tai lieu trung thuc va nhung phan tich khach quan tren quan diem ca nhan cua rieng minh Toi xin cam doan va chiu trach nhiem ve noi dung cua luan van thac sy MUC LUC NOIDUNG STT M() DAU Trang CHUONG : VAN Dl> XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN CUA VIET NAM SANG THI TRUONG CHAU PHI Hoat dong xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam 1.1.1 Khai niem va cac hlnh thdc xuat khau 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 Khai niem chung ve hang hoa nong san Dac diem san xu£t va xuat khau hang nong san Vi tri va vai tro cua xuat khau hang nong san Viet Nam 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 Khai quat ve thi trudng nong san chau Phi va nhung loi ich xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng chau Phi Khai quat ve thi trudng chau Phi Khai quat thi trudng hang nong san cua chau Phi Nhung lqi ich xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng chau Phi 10 13 13 20 23 Nhimg thuan loi va kho khan doi vol hoat dong xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng chau Phi 26 Nhung thuan loi 26 Nhung kho khan 30 Kinh nghiem xuat khau hang nong san sang chau Phi cua mot so nude 35 CHUONG : THUC TRANG XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN CUA VIET NAM SANG THI TRUING CHAU PHI 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 Gidi thieu khai quat tinh hinh san xuat, che bien va xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam Tong quan quan he thuong mai Viet Nam vdi cac nude chau Phi tir nam 1990 den Kim ngach xuat nhSp khau hang hoa 41 47 48 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3 Thi trucmg xuat nhap khau Mat hang xua't nhap khau Quan he thuong mai dich vu - dau tu - so huu trf tue 49 50 51 Thue trang xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trirdng chau Phi (giai doan 2000 - 2004) 2.3.1 Kim ngach xuat khau 51 2.3.2 Mat hang va co cau xuat khau 53 2.3.3 Thi trucmg nong san xua't khau 58 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 Chat lucmg nong san xuat khau 67 Gia xua't khau nong san Hinh thdc xua't khau 70 73 Phan tich kha nang canh tranh cua mot so mat hang nong san cua Viet Nam tren thi trucmg chau Phi 75 Mat hang gao Mat hang ca phe va che Mat hang cao su va hat tieu 75 76 77 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 Danh gia ket qua hoat dong xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trucmg chau Phi Nhung ket qua dat duoc Nhung ton tai chu yeu 79 82 CHUONG : PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP DAY MANH XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN CUA VlfiT NAM SANG THI TRUONG CHAU PHI 3.1 Phuong hudng phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam chau Phi va muc tieu xuat khau nong san cua Viet Nam sang cua thi trucmg chau Phi 3.1.1 Phuong hudng phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam chau Phi 3.1.2 Muc tieu xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trucmg ch&u Phi den nam 2010 91 3.2.1 Giai phap day manh xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trucmg chau Phi Quan diem xay dung cac giai phap 97 3.2.2 3.2.2.1 Nhung giai phap vi mo Tiep tuc cung co va phat trien quan he thuong mai vdi chau Phi 100 100 Xay dung he thong thong tin va day manh cong tac nghien cun thi trudng ch^u Phi Giai phap hd trq ve dau tu , tai chfnh va tin dung 105 Phat huy vai tro cua hiep hoi nganh hang 108 Nhung giai phap vi mo Theo sat bien dong cua thi trudng de to chtrc nguon cung phu hop Nang cao chat luqng va gia nong san xuat khau Day manh cong tac quang ba va tiep can thi trudng chau Phi Da dang hoa mat hang nong san xua't khau di doi vdi viec xay dung thuong hieu san pham Ap dung nhieu phuong there kinh doanh nong san khac de tham nhap thi trudng chau Phi Dau tu xay hoac thue kho ngoai quan tien tdi md chi nhanh hoac van phong dai dien 110 110 112 114 3.2 3.2.2.2 3.2.2.3 3.2.2.4 3.2.3 3.2.3.1 3.2.3.2 3.2.3.3 3.2.3.4 3.2.3.5 3.2.3.6 3.2.3.7 3.2.3.8 Nang cao nang luc trinh quan ly va nghe thuat kinh doanh cua nguon nhan luc Tang cudng quan he vdi Viet kieu } 121 3.3 Dieu kien thuc hien cac giai phap day manh xuat khau hang nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trucmg chau Phi ^2 3.3.1 3.3.2 Tao lap quan he tot dep giua Viet Nam va cac nucrc chau Phi Doi mdi va hoan thien co che chinh sach vi mo cua Nha nude 3.3.3 Chmh sach thu hut ddu tu va hd tro dau tu 122 124 125 3.3.4 3.3.5 Xay dung nguon cung nude on dinh, timg budc chuyen dich co ca'u, nang cao nang suat, chat luqng cua hang nong san Day manh hoat dong xue tien thuong mai 127 KET LUAN 129 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 131 Phu luc ^7 CAC TUT VIET TAT TRONG LUAN VAN APEC DiOn dan kinh te chau A - Thai Binh Duong ASEM DiOn dan hop tac kinh te A - Au ASEAN Hiep hoi cac nude Dong Nam A Bo NN&PTNT Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon Bo TM Bo Thuong mai COMESA Khoi thi trudng chung Dong Nam Phi ECOWAS Cong dong kinh te cac nude TSy Phi EU Cong dong chau Au FAO To chiic nong luong cua Lien Hop quoc HTPT HO tro phat trien ICO Hoi dong ca phe quoc te INRO To chiic cao su thien nhien quoc te OAU To chiic thong nhat chau Phi SADC Cong dong phat trien mien Nam chau Phi TBCN Tu ban chii nghia TNHH Trach nhiem huu han UEMOA Lien minh kinh te tien te Tay Phi UMA Lien minh Maghrep Arap VICOFA Hiep hdi ca phe ca cao Viet Nam VINACAS Hiep hoi cay dieu Viet Nam VPA Hiep hoi ho tieu Viet Nam VITAS Hiep hoi che Viet Nam VRA Hiep hoi cao su Viet Nam VuKH&DT Vu Ke hoach va dau tu XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia XNK Xuat nhap khau WB Ngan hang the gidi WTO To chiic thuong mai the gidi DANH MUC CAC BANG BIEU CUA LU AN VAN TT so hi£u 1.1 Kim ngach xuat khau mot so mat hang nong san chu luc 12 1.2 Nang luc san xuat va nhap khau mot so mat hang nong san cua Chau Phi nam 2003 20 2.1 Tang trudng san xuat nong nghiep 41 2.2 Thi trucmg gao xuat khau Viet Nam nam 2003 43 2.3 Xuat nhap khau Viet Nam - Chau Phi giai doan 1991-2004 49 2.4 Kim ngach xuat khau nong san cua Viet Nam sang Chau Phi 52 2.5 So sanh toe tang trudng xuat khau nong san sang Chau Phi 53 2.6 Co ca'u mat hang nong san xuat khau nam 2003 54 2.7 Bieu xuat khau gao sang Chau Phi (2000-2004) 55 10 2.8 Kim ngach xuat khau hat tieu (2000-2003) 56 11 2.9 Co cau thi trucmg xua't khau hat tieu nam 2003 (%gia tri) 59 12 2.10 Thi trucmg xua't khau gao sang Chau Phi (nam 2003) 61 13 2.11 Co cau thi trucmg xua't khau ca phe sang Chau Phi (nam 2003) 64 14 2.12 Ty cac loai gao xua't khau sang Chau Phi 68 15 2.13 Cha't lucmg ca phe xua't khau sang Chau Phi 69 16 2.14 Ty cac loai hat tieu xua't khau sang Chau Phi 70 17 2.15 Bieu gia mot so mat hang nong san xua't khau 73 18 3.1 Du bao xua't khau nong san sang Chau Phi nam 2010 93 NOIDUNG TRANG M0 DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Cung vdi chien lucre hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, thuong mai quoc te la mot bo phan quan trong, gSn lien vdi tien trinh hoi nhap va co vai tro quyet dinh den loti the cua quoc gia tren thi trudng khu vuc va the gidi Do do, viec day manh giao luu thuong mai quoc te noi chung va thuc day xuat khau hang hoa noi rieng la uu tien hang dau cua nhieu quoc gia dac biet la cac nude dang phat trien nhu Viet Nam Trong su nghiep cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa dat nude, Dang va nha nude ta da xac dinh xuat khau la budc dot pha chuyen dich co cau kinh te, on dinh va nang cao ddi song nhan dan, gop phan thuc hien thang led cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te xa hoi Vdi nhung lcri the s&n cd ve dieu kien tu nhien, xa hoi cung cac chfnh sach day manh xuat khau hieu qua, Viet Nam da cd nhung budc phat trien kha hoat dong xuat khau noi chung dac biet la xuat khau nong san - mat hang ma nude ta cd nhieu the manh Mac du kim ngach xuat khau hang nong san khong ngung tang, co cau mat hang, thi trudng, ty le che bien da cd nhung chuyen bien tfch cue song cung xu the toan cau hoa thuong mai, hang nong san cua Viet Nam dang vap phai su canh tranh khoc liet tren cac thi trudng, ddi mat vdi nhieu nguy co mat dan thi trudng tieu thu Do vay lam the nao de giu vung cac thi trudng truyen thong, dong thdi tim kiem va md rong cac thi trudng mdi dam bao dau on dinh cho hang nong san di ddi vdi nang cao hieu qua la van de khong chi duqc cac cap quan ly vi mo quan tarn ma cung duqc nong dan, cac doanh nghiep tham gia xuat khau nong san mong muon Trong do, Chau Phi - luc dia “den” - dang cd nhung budc chuyen minh manh me nhung nam gan day ve kinh te- xa hoi Vdi dien tich tren 30 trieu km2 bao gom 54 quoc gia, tat ca deu la cac nude dang phat trien, vdi dan so 815 trieu ngudi (2003) va nhu cau hang nam ve nhap khau hang nong manh nhung nam gan day Thanh qua ay xuat phat tu cong cuoc doi mdi dat nudc, chu truong “Viet Nam muon lam ban vdi ta't ca cac nudc tren the gidi”, qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va su nd luc tu phfa Nha nudc, chinh phu cung nhu cac doanh nghiep Xay dung cung co va phat trien quan he huu nghi vdi cac nudc chau Phi la quan diem chi dao xuyen suot cua Dang va Nha nudc ta nham tao lap moi trudng chinh tri, ngoai giao, van hoa than thien, gan gui tren co sd ton chu quyen va binh dang tu phat trien quan he quan he kinh te, trao doi thuong mai, dau tu giua Viet Nam va chau Phi, dong thdi tranh thu nang cao vi the cua Viet Nam mat ban be chau Phi va the gidi Quan he tot dep, hop tac chat che la dieu kien tien quyet de phat trien quan he thuong mai, tang cudng trao doi hang hoa dich vu, bo sung nhung han che cua Day manh trao doi thuong mai hai chieu la dieu rat quan trong thuc day xuat khau TU trudc tdi nay, Viet Nam hau het la xuat sieu sang cac nudc chau Phi nen nhieu nudc khong coi Viet Nam la doi tac chien luoc trao doi thuong mai nen gay ft nhieu kho khan cho hoat dong xu£t khau cua ta Qua bang so lieu xua't nhap khau Viet Nam va chau Phi (1991-2004) cd the de dang nhan thay kim ngach nhap khau thap thi keo theo kim ngach xua't khau cua Viet Nam cung khong the tang cao Nam 1998 kim ngach nhap khau dat 15,9 trieu USD thi kim ngach xua't khau chi dat 55,8 trieu USD, nam 2003 kim ngach nhap khau tanglen 143,2 trieu USD thi xuat khau cung dat so ky luc 230 trieu USD Do thdi gian tdi ben canh viec day manh xuat khau thi nudc ta cung can nghien cUu can bang can can thuong mai vdi nhieu nudc chau Phi tranh tinh trang “chenh lech” giua xuat khau va nhap khau nhu hien Tham gia cac dien dan hop tac kinh te' cua khu vuc va the' gidi giup chung ta hoi nhap kinh te' nhanh hon dong thdi cung tranh thu duoc su ung ho va giup cua cac cudng quoc va to chuc quoc te' doi vdi hoat dong kinh doanh cua Viet Nam tai thi trudng chau Phi Mot diem thuan loi doi vdi Viet Nam quan he thuong mai vdi chau Phi la su tuong dong trinh 123 phat trien kinh te, Viet Nam va nhieu nude chau Phi nam Cong dong Phap ngu nen chung ta co co hoi va dieu kien de that chat va cu the hoa quan he vdi cac nudc chau Phi bang nhieu hoat dong kinh te co trao doi thuong mai giua hai ben Thang 11/2004, Thu tudng Phan Van Khai dan dau doan dai bieu cap cao nudc ta sang tham du “Hoi nghi cac nudc su dung tieng Phap (goi tat la Cong dong Phap ngu)” to chdc tai Siera Leon dong thdi tham chfnh thuc nudc chau Phi la Maroc, Algeria va Cong hoa Nam Phi Thap tung Thu tudng co gan 100 doan doanh nghiep sang khao sat thi trudng, tim kiem co hoi kinh doanh tai thi trudng day tiem nang Doi vdi hoat dong xua't kh^u nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng chau Phi cung khong nam ngoai ma bao ham va gan bo huu co vdi quan he chfnh tri, ngoai giao, van hoa, dau tu khac Chfnh cac quan he tren tao dieu kien moi trudng cuc ky thuan lqi cho hoat dong xuat kh^u nong san cua Viet Nam Ra soat lai he thong cac luat de dieu chinh cac quy dinh khong phu hqp hoac chua duqc ro, trudc h£t la Luat thuong mai, Luat canh tranh, Luat dau tu nudc ngoai, Luat khuyen khfch dau tu nudc, Luat doanh nghiep Ve Luat thuong mai can bo sung cac quy dinh ro rang hon ve quan ly nha nudc linh vuc xuat nhap khau Dieu chinh va tiep tuc ban hanh cac van ban dudi luat de xU ly linh hoat cac hoat dong kinh doanh cang trd nen phuc tap nhung chua du khung phap ly nhu xuat khau tai chd, ban nong san nguyen lieu cho cac khu cong nghiep nudc, tam nhap, che bien lai va xuat khau, quy dinh ve buon ban bien gidi Cham dut tinh trang qua nhieu co quan quan ly va chi phoi hoat dong xuat khau cua doanh nghiep khong theo dung Luat thuong mai Day manh cai cach hanh chfnh linh vuc thuong mai theo hudng xoa bo cac thu tuc phien ha, phan dau on dinh moi trudng phap ly tao tam ly tin tudng cho cac doanh nghiep, khuyen khfch ho bo von, kinh doanh lau dai, khuyen khfch moi phan kinh te tham gia, hd tro cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira (md hinh san xua't nong san chu yeu cua Viet Nam) Giam dan tien tdi ngirng ap dung cac lenh cam, lenh ngimg xuat nhap khau mang tinh tam thdi Tang cudng tinh dong bo cua cac co che chinh sach nha't la cac chfnh sach hd tro tin dung cho cac doanh nghiep xua't khau nong san thong qua Quy Hd tro tin dung xuat khau de cap tin dung tru dai va bao lanh tin dung cho hoat dong xua't khdu Hd trq bang cac giai phap gian tiep thay the cho viec bo sung ngan sach true tiep cho cac doanh nghiep san xua't, che bien va xua't khau nong san Hien nay, tin dung uu dai danh cho xuat khau la 5,28%/nam bang 80% mdc lai sua't von dau tu uu dai cua nha nudc (6,6%/nam) va Quy Hd trq phat trien dung cho cac doanh nghiep vay theo danh muc uu dai cua Bo Thuong mai quy dinh hang nam Tuy nhien, danh muc xuat khau cua Bo Thuong mai ban hanh hang nam van chi ap dung chung cho cac mat hang tren tat ca cac thi trudng ma chua tfnh tdi dac thu va tfnh chat kho khan cua timg thi trudng Do'i vdi xuat khau nong san sang chau Phi can dieu chinh tin dung cho vay theo hudng uu dai hon (lai suat tha'p, quy md cho vay tang, thdi gian cho vay keo dai hon ) cung nhu cac hoat dong dau tu khac Xuc tien lap quy bao hiem xua't khau de chu dong chi cho ngudi san xua't nong san, cac doanh nghiep xua't khau gap kho khan va rui ro Ve chfnh sach gia: tiep tuc doi mdi chfnh sach gia va co che dieu hanh gia do'i vdi vat tu phuc vu san xua't nong nghiep va vdi gia cac loai nong san theo hudng tien den phu hop vdi gia ca thi trudng khu vuc va the gidi Thuc hien triet de co che gia thoa thuan giua ngudi mua va ngudi ban, gia vat tu nong nghiep va gia cac san pham nong san phai phu hop vdi co che gia thi trudng cd su quan ly cua nha nudc 3.3.3 Chinh sach thu hut dau tit va ho tro dau tit Nha nudc can sdm xay dung cac chien luoc va quy hoach cho san xuat nong nghiep cung nhu uu tien ve vo'n cho khau giai quyet dau cho xua't khau nong san nudc ta Trong dieu kien ngan sach nha nudc khong du kha nang, 125 tiem luc tai chinh cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam han che thi viec huy dong von nhan rdi dan va von dau tu nudc ngoai la can thiet Tiep tuc day nhanh tien trinh cd phan hoa cac doanh nghiep nha nudc ben canh tich cue gop phan nang cao hieu qua hoat dong ma bien phap thu hut manh me cac nguon von tir can can bo cong nhan vien va ben ngoai de dau tu doi mdi trang thiet bi, cong nghe, cong tac quan ly cac doanh nghiep nha nudc nganh nong nghiep nudc nha Cd chmh sach uu dai va khuyen khfch dau tu hop ly ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep, cac ho dan va cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai muon bo von dau tu lmh vuc san xuat nong nghiep, che bien nong san hoac cung cap cac dich vu tu van hd trq nganh nong nghiep Tuy nhien, can phai nhan tha'y dau tu tap trung theo hudng phat trien vung nguyen lieu, khau san xuat giong cay trong, cong nghe che bien la dau tu dai han nen can cd trq giup bang nhung khuyen khfch manh me horn nua qua nhung uu dai ve thue da't, giai phong mat bang, ve thue hay tieu thu san pham Cu the linh vuc dua gio'ng mdi nang suat cao vao san xuat thi giai doan dau nha nudc can hd trq cho nong dan toan bo chi phi gio'ng va cu can bo hudng dan ky thuat canh tac; linh vuc dau tu xay dung nha may che bien nong san thi nha nudc gidi thieu dia diem, hd trq chi phf giai phong mat bang, dau tu cor sd tang dien, dudng giao thong va nudc tdi tan chan cong trinh ngoai cd uu dai midn giam thue dat, thue thu nhap doanh nghiep nhung nam dau du an di vao san xuat; linh vuc dau tu cong nghe mot mat nha nudc can quan ly chat che cac thiet bi cong nghe nhap khau tranh tinh trang nhap khau cong nghe cu lac hau mat khac khuyen khfch va midn thue nhap khau do'i vdi cac may moc tien tien ma nudc chua san xua't duqc Chi cd nhu vay, hieu qua vo'n dau tu mdi phat huy tac dung, gop phan dua nganh nong nghiep theo hudng hien dai hoa, trd nganh kinh te manh cua ca nudc 126 3.3.4 Xay dung nguon cung nude on dinh, timg budc chuyen dich co cdu, ndng cao ndng suat, chat luong cua hang ndng san xuat khau Quy hoach cac vung chuyen canh, san xua't tap trung quy mo ldn do'i vdi timg loai cay nhu lua gao (vung ddng bang song Ciru Long, ddng bang song Hong), ca phe (Tay Nguyen), hat tieu (Ddng Nam BO), cao su (Tay Nguyen, Ddng Nam BO), che (vung trung du mien nui phfa Bac) timg budc hinh cac vung cay dac san, tap trung vao mot hoac mOt so gio'ng de dam bao cha't luqng ddng deu va on dinh Day manh cong tac nghien cdu, lai tao gio'ng cay cd nang suat cao, cha't luqng tot cd kha nang thfch trng va chong chiu vdi nhieu loai sau benh, loai bo dan cac giong cay da thoai hoa, cha't luqng xa'u, khOng ddng deu Trong giai doan dau nha nudc can hd trq chi phi gio'ng, khuyen khfch va tuyen truyen sir dung cac gio'ng mdi cd nang suat va chat luqng thuong pham cao, nhung gio'ng cay ma nhu cau tren the gidi tang manh Tang cudng ap dung tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat cac khau thu hoach, che bien va ton tr£r nham nang cao cha't luqng ndng san xua't khdu cua Viet Nam Hudng dan cac ky thuat cho ndng dan di ddi vdi doi mdi cdng nghe che bien tai cac co sd, doanh nghiep timg budc thong nhat he thong quan ly chat luqng ndng san lam co sd cho xay dung thuong hieu cho ndng san nudc ta tren thi trudng the gidi 3.3.5 Bay manh hoat dong xue tien thuong mai Nang cao vai trd va hieu qua doi mdi hoat dong cua cac co quan dai dien, cac thuong vu Viet Nam tai nudc ngoai cung nhu cac Vu chuyen nganh, Cue xue tien thuong mai va cac Hiep hoi nganh nghe Gan ket chat che trach nhiem va lqi ich cua cac co quan tren vdi hieu qua xuat khau cua doanh nghiep, co nhu vay mdi thuc su dua cac co quan don vi vao hoat dong cu the cua qua trinh tham nhap, xue tien thuong mai ddi vdi thi trudng chau Phi 127 Thanh lap va mo rong hoat dong cua cac co quan xuc tien thuong mai, Cac co quan ngoai vai tro trq giup cho cac co quan quan ly nha nude va doanh nghiep la cau noi dua hang hoa cua Viet Nam tiep can va chiem linh thi trudng Hien nay, tai thi trudng chau Phi chung ta co qua it cac co quan xuc tien thuong mai, chi la mot vai thuong vu hoat dong kiem nhiem cong dong ngudi Viet Nam d chau Phi hau nhu rat it nen cac doanh nghiep nudc ta gap rat nhieu kho khan xuat khdu sang thi trudng Ngoai de xuc tien cac quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va chau Phi, nang cao uy tin thuong hieu cho hang hoa Viet Nam xuat khdu sang thi trudng thi Nha nudc edn cd chinh sach thue cac cong ty tu van, xuc tien thuong mai chuyen nghiep hang dau cua nudc ngoai dang hoat dong tai day vi nhung cong ty cd kinh nghiem, quy md ldn, kha nang tai chinh manh, cd chuyen mon cao va am hieu ro ve thi trudng chau Phi 128 KET LUAN Trong nhung nam qua, xuat kh^u nong san cua Viet Nam da dat duqc muc tang trudng nhanh chong va vung chac, co su dong gop cang tang cua kim ngach xuat khau nong san sang thi trudng chau Phi Mac du gia tri kim ngach xua't khau hang nam va co cau mat hang co kha khiem ton, nhung chau Phi hua hen la thi trudng day tiem nang tuong lai do'i vdi nong san cua Viet Nam Cung vdi xu the hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va tien trinh gia nhap To chuc thuong mai the gidi (WTO) (du kien cuo'i nam 2005) da tao nhieu co hoi mdi cho xua't khau cua nudc ta, nhung kho khan va thach thuc mdi cung da khong nghng xua't hien Viec giu vung va nang cao suc canh tranh cung nhu tri da tang trudng cho hang nong san noi chung va hoat dong xuat khau nong san sang chau Phi noi rieng doi hoi su nd luc rat ldn cua toan nganh, th nhung ngudi nong dan cho tdi cac co sd, doanh nghiep che bien, kinh doanh xua't khau cung nhu su hd trq kip thdi cua cac co quan chuc nang De nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua hanh nong san Viet Nam, cac doanh nghiep can tien nhanh hon cac doi thu canh tranh khac, phat huy uu tjie, nang dong hon nua, cai tien cong nghe, nang cao nang suat va chat luqng san pham xua't khau cung nhu kha nang tiep thi va nghien cuu thi trudng Vdi mong muon dong gop mot phan vao nd luc cua nganh nong nghiep nudc nha, luan van da tap trung nghien cuu, phan tich danh gia thi trudng chau Phi, nhu cau nhap khau nong san cua chau Phi, cac quan he cung cau, gia ca, xu hudng phat trien thi trudng, nhung va'n de trd ngai doi vdi viec xuat khau nong san sang thi trudng nay, dong thdi phan tich thuc trang xuat khau nong san cua nudc ta sang chau Phi thdi gian qua va danh gia kha nang canh tranh cua mat hang nong san tren thi trudng chau Phi th dua cac giai phap d ca hai cap (nha nudc va doanh nghiep) cung nhu dieu kien de thuc hien giai phap nham day manh hon nua xuat khau nong san cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng chau Phi 129 Cac giai phap dua tren ca sd phan tich va danh gia dieu kien thuc te cua Viet Nam va khong chi bo hep xuat khau nong san sang chau Phi ma huu ich cho tat ca cac doanh nghiep da, dang va se lam an vdi thi trudng mdi me Tuy nhien, du cho cac giai phap co kha thi va sat thuc den dau thi vai tro quyet dinh van thuoc ve nha nudc, cong dong cac doanh nghiep va cac hiep hoi nganh hang Do day la mot de tai phdc tap, de cap den thi trudng rat mdi me va rong ldn, noi dung de cap lien quan den nhieu nganh, nhieu linh vuc cua nen kinh te thdi gian nghien cdu co han nen de tai khong tranh khoi nhung diem thieu sot va han che, vi vay rat mong nhan duqc cac y kien dong gop de de tai hoan thien hon ' Xin chan cam on! 130 TAI li£u tham khao Tieng Viet Bo Thtrong mai (2001) “Ky yeu xuat nhap khau nam 2001 - San pham nao cua Viet Nam co the canh tranh ”, Ha Noi Bo thtrong mai (2001) “Ky yeu 55 nam thuong mai Viet Nam (19462001), Ha Noi Bo Thtrong mai (2001) “Chien luoc phat trien xuat nhap khdu thdi ky 2001-2010”, Ha Noi PGS.TS Nguyen Duy Bot (1997) Giao trinh “Thuong mai quoc te" - NXB Thong ke 1997, Ha Ndi PGS.TS Nguyen Duy Bot (2000) Giao trinh “Giao dich va toan quoc te” - NXB Thong ke 2000, Ha Noi Dai sur quan Cong hoa Nam Phi tai Viet Nam (2004) “Cam nang thuong mai Nam Phi ”, Ha Noi Hiep hoi ho tieu Viet Nam (VPA) (1/2004) “Ho tieu Viet Nam 2003 nhung budc dot pha ”, TS Nguyen Dinh Long (1999) “Phat huy loi the, nang cao canh tranh cua nong san xuat khdu Viet Nam - NXB Nong nghiep, Ha Noi Doan Trieu Nhan va Hoang Thanh Tiem (1998) “Cay cd phe d Viet Nam ”, Ha Ndi 10 Vu Ba Phu (2004) “Thuc trang va mot vdi de xuat ddi vdi su phat trien cua nganh che ”, Ha Noi 11 GS.TS Hoang Due Than, PGS.TS Dang Dinh Dao (2001) Giao trinh “Kinh te thuong mai ” - Trucmg dai hoc kinh te quoc dan - NXB Thong ke2001 12 PGS.TS Tran Chi Thanh (1997) Giao trinh “Quan tri kinh doanh thuong mai quoc te” - Trudng dai hoc kinh te quoc dan - NXB giao due 1997 13 Vu Huu Tiru “Ky thuat nghiep vu ngoai thuong” — Trudng dai hoc Ngoai thuong - NXB Giao due 131 14 Nguyen Huy Van (2000) “Mot so van de ve chink sack phat trien xuat khau nong san d Viet Nam den nam 2005 ” - Vu Thuong mai va dich vu Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu 15 Dang Dinh Vinh (2000) “100 nam cao su d Viet Nam”- NXB Nong nghiep Luat thuong mai - NXB Chinh tri quoc gia 16 Vien Nghien cuu Thuong mai (6/2003) “Du an nang cao nang luc nghien cuu chinh sach SIDA tai trd (Bao cao nghien cuu thi trudng gao) 17 Vien quy hoach va thiet ke nong nghiep, Bo Nong nghiep va phat trien nong thon(1998) “Tong quan phat trien cay ca phe Viet Nam ”,Ha Noi 18 Cac nudc va mot so lanh tho tren the' gidi trudc ngudng cua the' ky 21 19 Van kien Dai hoi Dang cong san Viet Nam lan thu VIII; IX 20 Nghi dinh so 33, 46, 57, 64, 114 ND-CP cua Chinh phu 21 Cac bao cao mat hang thudng ky cua Bo Thuong mai 22 Tai lieu Hoi thao “ Viet Nam — chau Phi nhung cd hoi hdp tac va phat trien the ky 21” thang 5/2003 va Hoi thao “Hdp tac phat trien thudng mai, dau tu Viet Nam — chau Phi.” thang 10/2004 Phong thuong mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI) to chuc 23 Cac bao: Thdi bao kinh te, Bao dau tu, Bao nong thon nay, Bao thudng mai, Ban tin thi trudng gia ca, Bao dien dan doanh nghiep 24 Cac tap chi: Tap chi thudng mai, Tap chi kinh te va du bao, Tap chi Ngoai thudng, Tap chi ngan hang, Tao chi Nghien cuu kinh te, Tap chi nghien cdu kinh te 25 Cac trang web: http://www.agroviet.gov.vn (Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon) http://www.mot gov.vn (Bo Thuong mai) http://www.exim - pro.com (Mang hd tro xuc tien XNK Viet Nam) 132 Tieng Anh 26 ICEM (2002) “ The global Rubber Industry Report “ 27 Smitl H.P (2003) “Natural Rubber in the New Millennium” 28 UNDP (2001) “Good Govemmance and Economic Development New Foundation for Growth in Africa” 29 US Department of commerce (2003) “Country commercial guides 2003” 30 World Bank (WB)(2001, 2003) “Asia and Africa Legacies and Opportunities in Development” 31 Cac trang web : http: //www.fao.org (Food and Agriculture Organizaton of the United State) http://www.worldbank.org (World Bank) http://www.wto.org (World trade Organization) http://www.riceweb.org http://www.riceworld.org http://www.irri.org (International Rice Rearseach Institute) http://www.inro.org (International Natural Rubber Organization) http://www.rubberworldtrade.com 133 Hanh chinh - Chinh tri :ADACX7lAN/'‘^0‘b/ BANG NGA' ANGARA tAy ban nha đtÊhÊran RABAT, O.eca"8'', AP XEUT\^1^/ / ã RAIA mOritani ( I I RNVACs&r /s (CMt « L MmiC Khactum/Bari OmdudcmancAO khactum^A / daca(^X£n£GAN\J-> i M r A’^.v ghineS BITXAC un E).X6c6tra Cando. ' Maklugurio (YtMENf h ^nigiSria/ PHRrrAoo) Ro V XiELaO ODimma MONROVIA^ CEEnanh -•—■./ / / oBamenda LIBI ^_^>CAMORUN GHINE xao tOm£ VA prinxipE^ 'ictoria \BRAOAV1N®, Poanh Noa'Q-r ^zt« ?> DCHDC Hindu NGO \ j.cc,n'"9* L™, NAIROBI %EN VICTORIA OWombaxa A D Pemba JpD.Dandiba 40a et Xalam D.Axenxidn (anh) • L6bit6, Benghdla^j mOrOni qcOmo Chrngfla^TM 'AxJ ' KitulTb ^ ,V DAMBIA I OCapu3y>^LUXACA® flCDd? » May6tt6 f (PHAP) D Xanh H6len • Jto Cariha, (ANH) -ã NAMIBIA I âHARARE DIMBABLlfe' ^Bulavaid ;axca J / Vanvit Ba) / J Xanh Doni Q D.R&uynibng (PHAP) LDILEN Po Elidabet CAC NLTOC VA LANH THO DANH SO TREN BAN DO ACMfiNIA GHINfi XfCH DAO ADECBAIGIAN MAXfeDONIA APGANIXTAN bOxnla-hecxEgOvina GAMBIA 10 Oman UCRAINA XECBI & MON'TSNEGRO Lanh tno ArSp Palextin Chdu Phi Id chdu luc ldn thd ba tren the gidi sau chdu A' va chdu MT ndm d hai ben dbdng xich dao Diem cue Bcic cua luc dia Phi la mui Bldng (37°20‘B) thudc Tuynidi, di£m ci/c Nam Id mui Kim (34°52’N) thuoc Nam Phi diem cue Tdy la mui Anmadi (17°33’T) thudc Xenegan, diem ci/c Ddng Id mui Haphun (51°23*D) thuoc Xomali Dien tich chdu Phi la 30.335.000 km2 Phan ldn chdu Phi cd hau nong kho Hoang mac Xaiiara Id hoang mac ldn nhdt the gidi Ddn cu phan ldn la ngudi Negroit, co nude da mdu s5m Dau the ki XX, hau het cac quer gia d chdu luc van la thudc dia cua cac nudc de quoc Cho den giua the ki XX cudc dd'u tranh vi ddc idp ddn toc cua cac nude chdu Phi mdi gianh dugc thdng loi hoan toan Hien chdu Phi co 54 qudc gia doc Idp CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO ldp ' Picdo ~ Hanh phuc TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN — *** — — 0O0 — Sd:.Z