Hệ thống bsp và khả năng vận dụng chúng vào thanh toán quốc tế ở hãng hàng không quốc gia việt nam0001

294 LV-TI}§ DHKTQD BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TEQUOC DAN ' TRUING Ort l HOC I K i N H T £ G iJOC DAN I T»WGTAM ru vwttthJvjem HE THONG BSP VA KHA NANG VAN DUNG CHUNG VAO THANH TOAN QUOC TE HANG HANG KHONG QUOC GIA VIET NAM LUAN VAN THAC SY QTKD CHUYEN NGANH : QUAN TRI THUONG MAI GIAO VIEN HUONG DAN : PGS TS TRAN CHI THANH TRGMG UM TL.TT P SONG A* -l y,i|h W’1 HA NOI, 2000 Tdi xin chan cam on PGS TS Tran Chi Thanh-Truong Phong Dao tao, cac thay Hoi dong khoa hoc Khoa Thuong mai, cac thay Hoi dong chain luan van, cac thay cd Khoa Sau dai hoc Truong DH KTQD, da tan tinh giup do, huong dan, chi bao nhiet tinh, cu the, de tdi hoan thien noi dung cua Luan van Thac sy Quan tri kinh doanh Tdi xin vo cling cam on ngudi vo than yen cua tdi, borne va cac em cua chung tdi da thuong xuyen khuyen khich, dong vien, tao moi dieu kien tot nhdt de tdi hoan nhiem vu hoc tap cua minh Tdi xin cam on cac ban dong nghiep da co nhitng y kien dong gop quy bau ve cac noi dung thuc tien cua ban luan van Dinh Viet Cudng MUG LUC TRANG Phan md' dau Chirong :Nhtrng van dd ly luan co ban cua he thong toan BSP 1.1 Hiep hoi hang khong quoc te — sir hinh va phat trien 1.1.1 Khai quat lich su cua IATA va hoat dong kinh doanh van tai hang khong the gidi 1.1.2 Lich sir hinh va phat trien cua BSP 1.2 Khai niem, chuc nang, nhiem vu, noi dung cua hoat dong toan quoc te ve thu ban chung tir van chuySn hang khong 1.2.1 Chuc nang, nhiem vu cua toan quoc te hoat dong thu ban 1.2.2 Cac loai chung tir ap dung toan thu ban ve 1.2.2.1 Chung tir van chuyen 1.2.2.1.1 Ve hanh khach va hanh ly 1.2.2.1.2 Ve hanh ly qua mire 1.2.2.1.3 MCO 1.2.2.2 Hoa don truy thu, hoa don truy tra 1.2.2.2.1 Noi dung cua hoa don 1.2.2.22 Quy trinh surly 1.2.2.3 Bao cao ban 1.2.3 Cac quy dinh ap dung hoat dong toan thu ban 1.2.3.1 Cac cong udc quoc te co? ban vd kinh doanh van tai Hang khong 1.2.3.1.1 Cong irbc Chicago 1.2.3.1.2 Cong iron Warsaw 1.2.3.2 Cac quy dinh cu the ap dung hoat dong toan thu ban qua BSP 1.3 He thong BSP va vai tro cua no doi vdi Hang khong Viet nam 1.3.1 Dac didm kinh doanh van tai hang khong va nguyen nhan phat sinh hoat dong toan thu ban qua BSP 1.3.2 Dieu kien tham gia va quy trinh hoat dong cua BSP 1.3.2.1 Dieu kien tham gia 1.3.2.1.1 Difeu kien tham gia doi vdi Hang Hang khong 1.3.2.1.2 Di£u kien tham gia doi vdi Dai ly 1.3.2.2 Quy trinh hoat dong cua BSP 1.3.2.2.1 Thanh phan va trach nhiem cua vien tham gia vao quy trinh hoat dong BSP 1.3.2.2.1.1 Ban dieu hanh BSP 1.3.2.2.1.2 Nha in chung tir van chuyen 1.3.2.2.1.3 Hang Hang khong BSP 1.3.2.2.1.4 Daily BSP 1.3.2.2.1.5 Trung tarn xir ly so lieu 1.3.2.2.1.6 Ngan hang toan 1.3.2.2.2 Mo hinh hoat dong cua BSP 1.3.3 Yeu cau doi vdi HKVN tham gia BSP 1.3.4 Lpi ich cua HKVN tham gia BSP 4 8 9 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 20 24 24 24 25 26 26 26 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 31 MUC LUC TRANG Chtrong II : There trang hoat dong toan quoc te ve thu ban chung tir van chuyen hanh khach cua Hang khong Viet nam 2.1 Gidi thieu khai quat qua trinh hinh va phat triSn cua HKVN 36 Lich sir va qua trinh phat trien Pham vi hoat dong Co cau to chhc cua TCT HKVN Co cau to choc Ban Tai chfnh-Ke toan TCT HKVN 36 41 42 45 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2 Thue trang hoat dong thu ban cua HKVN 47 2.2.1 Hoat dong toan thu ban cua HKVN 2.2.2 Cac quy dinh v6 quan ly tai chinh v£ thu ban chung tir van chuyen cua HKVN 2.2.2.1 Quy dinh v£ quan ly tai chinh ap dung cho Dai ly 2.2.2.2 Quy dinh ve quan ly tai chinh ap dung noi bo he thong quan ly cua HKVN 2.2.2.3 Quy dinh v& di£u kien va thu tuc hoan ddi 47 47 50 51 51 2.2.3 Quy trinh quan ly toan thu ban 5- 2.2.3.1 Nguon chung tir toan thu ban cua HKVN 2.2.3.2 Xu ly chung tir thu ban 2.2.3.3 Quan ly toan thu ban 2.2.4 Mot so dibm so sanh quy trinh thuc hien nhiem vu quan ly TTQT v£ thu ban chung tir van chuyen hanh khach giua Dai ly toan true tiep va Dai ly BSP 53 54 54 55 2.3 U'u die’m va tdn tai cua hoat dong toan thu ban cua B HKVN then gian qua cy 2.3.1 Uu diem 2.3.2 Mot so ton tai 57 60 MUC LUC Chuang III : Giai phap phat trien va hoan thien hoat dong toan quoc te ve thu ban chdng tu van chuyen hanh khach cua HKVN qua he thong BSP TRANG 67 3.1 Dinh hubng phat trien cua HKVN va he thong toan nhung nam tdi 67 3.2 Cac giai phap cua HKVN 70 3.2.1 Nhom giai phap ve quy trinh 70 3.2.1.1 Mo rong viec tham gia BSP 3.2.1.2 Quy trinh luan chuyen chung tu 3.2.1.3 Quy trinh lap hoa don truy thu 3.2.1.3 Quy trinh luu tru tai lieu va cap nhat thong tin 3.2.1.4 He thong cac quy dinh ve quan ly thu ban 3.2.1.5 Cac giai phap khac ve quy trinh 70 72 73 75 76 3.2.2 Nhom giai phap ve to chuc hanh chinh 3.2.3 Giai phap he thong chuong trinh quan ly bang may tinh 78 3.2.4 Nhom giai phap ve van de ngubi 3.2.4.1 Cong tac dao tao 3.2.4.2 Chinh sach luong, thuong va khuyen khich vat chat, tinh than cho ngubi lao dong 3.2.4.3 Cac chinh sach khuyen khich khac 80 81 3.3 Kien nghi vbi Ngan hang Nha nubc va Chinh phu 83 85 856 3.3.1 Chinh sach luong bOng va trq cap doi vbi ngubi lao dong 3.3.2 Kien nghi ve quy dinh quan ly ngoai hoi 856 857 3.4 Giai phap cho kha nang lap BSP Viet nam 858 Ket luan 91 PHAN MCJ DAU Tinh cap thiet cua viec nghien cun de tai : BSP (Biliing and Settlement Plan) la mot tb chuc cua Hiep hoi hang khong quoc te (IATA-International Air Transport Association) lap nham hb trp, tao didu kien cho cac Hang Hang khong va Dai ly viec ban ve va toan dung han Bat dau tir cuoi nam 1994, Hang Hang khong quoc gia Viet nam (HKVN) tham gia vao he thong ban ve cua BSP tai thi trubng Nhat ban Den HKVN da tham gia vao 14 BSP cua cac thi trubng Phap, Dire, Dai loan, Thai lan, Singapore, Malaysia, Philipines, Dubai, Hongkong, Han quoc, Trung quoc Australia Du kien thbi gian tdi se tiep tuc mb rong tham gia vao cac BSP cua cac thi trubng khac Viec tham gia vao cac he thong BSP cua HKVN da mang lai rat nhieu lpi fch va ket qua dang khich le Doanh so thu ban ve qua cac he thong cang dupe nang cao va ty chiem cang lbn hoat dong ban ve Hoat dong ban ve qua he thong BSP da gop phan khong nho da tang truong cua HKVN thbi gian qua vupt qua giai doan kho khan 1997-1998, tir nam 1999 den HKVN da tiep tuc kinh doanh co lai nam 1999 lai trubc thue tren 200 ty dong, nam 2000 ubc tinh lai trubc thue tren 310 ty dbng Trai qua mot thbi gian tham gia BSP tuong doi dai so vbi tien trinh hoi nhap cua HKVN vbi cac td chuc hang khong quoc te, den vln chua cd mot sir tbng ket, danh gia, rut kinh nghiem mot each day du hoat dong toan cua HKVN qua cac he thong BSP Qua trinh toan cua HKVN qua he thong BSP dupe danh gia la tuong doi tot song qua trinh thue hien tbn tai mot so vuong mbe, tbn tai Xu the mb rong viec tham gia BSP cua HKVN la mot cac chien lupc phat trien ban va toan cua HKVN Viec nghien ciru db tai “He thong BSP va kha nang van dung chung vao toan quoc te b Hang Hang khong quoc gia Viet nam” cd y nghTa quan : He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Viet Cirong - Lop Cao hoc QTKD Thirang mai Khoa VI Trang s6': - Giup cho hoat dong toan quoc te v£ thu ban cua HKVN dtrpc hoan thien - Hoc tap va rut kinh nghiem de ap dung cho viec quan ly cac he thong thu ban khac cua HKVN - Hd trp va tao di£u kien thuc day cho cac hoat dong ban ve cua HKVN - Gop phan sang to viec van dung hinh thiic toan Clearing hoat dong toan quoc te v& thu ban cua HKVN Muc dich nghien cuu : De xuat nhung giai phap can thiet dS hoan thien viec van dung qui trinh toan thong qua he thong BSP hien tai cua HKVN Doi tupng va pham vi nghien cuu - Doi tupng nghien cuu : Hang Hang khong quoc gia Viet nam - Pham vi nghien cuu : Luan van tap trung nghien ciru he thong toan quoc te ve thu ban chung tir van chuyen hanh khach - Giai han thai gian : 1994-2000 Phuong phap nghien cuu : Tac gia van dung tong hop cac phuong phap: Phuong phap thong ke phan tfch tong hop va so sanh; Phuong phap di&n giai mo ta doi tupng nghien cuu Nhung dong gop khoa hoc cua ban luan van Qua trinh nghien cun luan van co nhung kho khan nhu thbi gian nghien cuu tuong doi ng^n, cac tai lieu tham khao ddu la tai lieu tieng Anh, nen su su diSn dat doi han che, mo hinh toan clearing thuc su rat moi me doi voi cac doanh nghiep Viet nam noi chung cung nhu HKVN noi rieng, kinh nghiem va tai lieu tham khao rat thieu Vupt qua kho khan, viec nghien cuu mot each nghiem tuc, luan van da thu dupe mot so ket qua : He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh ViSt Cuong - Ldp Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang s6': - Dua mot each nhin nhan tdng the vS hoat dong toan quoc te vd thu ban chung tir van chuy&n hanh khach cua HKVN - Phan tfch cu the thuc trang hoat dong toan quoc te v£ thu ban chung tir van chuyen hanh khach cua HKVN - Dua nhung giai phap khlc phuc kho khan, gop phan cho qua trinh hoa nhap cua HKVN vao cac t6 chuc toan quoc te ltnh vuc hang khong dat dupe ket qua tot dep - Nghien cuu tinh kha thi ve tao lap mot mo hinh toan moi lmh vuc hang khong b nude ta Ket cau cua luan van : - Ten cua luan van : “He thong BSP va kha nang van dung chung vao toan quoc te b Hang Hang khong quoc gia Viet nam” - Luan van gom : Phan mb dau, Ket luan, Danh muc tai lieu tham khao va chuong : Chuong I: Nhung van de ly luan co ban cua he thong toan BSP Chuong II : Thue trang hoat dong toan quoc te vb thu ban chung tu van chuydn hanh khach cua Hang khong Viet nam Chuong III : Giai phap phat tribn va hoan thien hoat dong toan quoc te ve thu ban chirng tir van chuyen hanh khach cua HKVN qua he thong BSP Ket luan He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Viet Ctrong - Lap Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang s6 : CHUONG I : NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN CO BAN CUA HE THONG THANH TOAN BSP 1.1 Hiep hoi hang khong quoc te (IATA) - su hinh va phat trien 1.1.1 Khai quat lich su cua IATA va su phat trien cua hoat dong kinh doanh van tai Hang khong dan dung the gidi : IATA (The International Air Transport Association) - Hiep hoi van chuyen hang khong quoc te la mot to chile cua cac hang hang khong tren the gidi, dupe lap tai HAVANA, Cuba, thang nam 1945 Tru sb chinh cua IATA hien dupe dat tai Geneve(Thuy sy) Muc dich cua IATA la co quan trung gian cho hoat dong hpp tac hang khong quoc te, trp giup cac Hang Hang khong vien viec nang cao tinh an toan-an ninh, tinh kinh te, cua van chuyen hang khong dan dung, thuc day su hpp tac giua cac Hang Hang khong, dam bao lpi ich cho hanh khach cung nhu su phat trien cua nganh cong nghiep van chuvdn hang khong the gidi Khong co bat cu hang hang khong nao tren the gidi cd the hoat dong phat tridn mot each nang dong ma khong dua vao cac quy trinh, cac dieu le dupe chu£n hoa cua IATA Khi lap, IATA cd 57 vien dai dien cho 31 quo'c gia khac nhau, chit yeu la cac nude Chau Au va BSc My Ngay nay, IATA da cd su trudng vupt bac vdi so vien len tdi tren 300 Hang hang khong, dai dien cho hon 130 quoc gia tren tat ca cac khu vuc cua the gidi IATA da nghien cuu va bb xung noi dung cho Didu le van chuyen, dua mot he thong tieu chuan hoa doi vdi chung tir van chuydn hang khong, qui dinh cac thu tuc can thiet cho hoat dong hpp tac van chuydn va toan giua cac Hang Hang khong Mot vai quy dinh quan hien cua IATA dupe ap dung la: - MITA (The Multilateral Interline Traffic Agrreements)-Hiep dinh van chuyen quoc te da phuong : day la cac co sb cho hoat dong toan quoc He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Viet Cuong - Ldp Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang so : De cac chuong trinh may tinh thuc str huu ich va giup cho cong tac quan ly, mot so giai phap co the dat la : Dinh hudng thuc su chuong trinh may tinh lau dai la he thdng GAS, RAS Hoan thien cac he chuong trinh va dac biet luu y tdi viec sir dung cac he thdng canh bao Cac chuong trinh phan mdm khac phai dam bao hd trp cho cac he thdng GAS-RAS muon thuc hien yeu cdu phai thdng nhat trudc het vd yeu cdu dau vao cua GAS-RAS dd cac don vi phai cung cap sd lieu theo mau chuan Vdi Van phong khu vuc nudc, cd doi ngu can bo tin hoc rat hau nen viec tu dam duong dupe phan chuong trinh tin hoc la hoan toan thuc hien dupe, mat khac vd lau dai co thd trien khai GAS-RAS cho cac van phong nay, vay, trudc mat chi can dua cac yeu cau thdng nhat cho dau vao cua GAS-RAS la du Vdi cac Chi nhanh Hang khong Viet nam tai nudc ngoai, nhin nhan mot each khach quan thi neu chi yeu cau cac don vi cung cap sd lieu thdng tin dau vao cho GAS-RAS thi cac don vi rat kho thuc hien Do vay neu chi yeu cau va ep don vi thuc hien thi se dan tdi tinh trang la cac quy dinh se chi tdn tai tren giay to ma khdng cd y nghia tridn khai Viec hd trp va thdng nhat vd chuong trinh quan ly thu ban cho cac Chi nhanh la rat can thiet Nhin thing vao mot thuc te hien la : neu chi yeu cau Ban Cong nghe thdng tin xay dung chuong trinh thdng nhat va trien khai cho cac Chi nhanh thi rat phai cho dpi rat lau cho viec viet va hoan thien chuong trinh, thuc te thdi gian qua da chung to van dd Ben canh dd, hien tai Hang khdng Viet nam dang tap trung cho viec hoan thien he thdng GAS-RAS nen can tap trung yeu cau cho Ban Cong nghe thong tin vd he thdng GAS-RAS Cac chuong trinh may tinh hien mot sd Chi nhanh dang ap dung la mdt sd can bo cua Ban Tai chinh-Ke toan viet Didu dd cho thay kha nang luc lupng can bd cua Ban Tai chinh-Ke toan cd the xay dung, phan tich, viet va tridn khai chuong trinh la hoan toan thuc hien dupe Viec cd the giao cho luc lupng tre (Doan men) nhu mot dd tai nghien cuu ma cd kha nang van dung thuc te, nd ddng thbi mang lai nhieu hieu qua khac He thong BSP va kha nang vSn dung Dinh Vi6t Cuong - Lcrp Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang so : 79 Cac sd lieu may tinh cac don vi guri ve duoc tap hop hang thang, doc lap tuong doi vdi GAS-RAS (sir dung phan tich, theo doi bang chuong trinh da vife't cho cac Chi nhanh noi tren) Sau kifem tra ky luong, so lieu thu ban se dupc chuyfen vao RAS-GAS bang chuong trinh may tinh Sd lieu trfen GASRAS la sd lieu chinh thuc cuoi cung Mot vai uu diem cua giai phap nfeu trfen : Giai quyet dupc kho khan truoc mat van dfe toe xir ly cua GAS-RAS; Sd lieu dupc cap nhat thuong xuyfen se nang cao kha nang giam sat vdi tinh hinh thuc te quan ly thu ban cua don vi Viec quyet toan vdi don vi se thuan lpi, dfe dang hon Can bo quan ly cd the nhanh chong nam bat dupc cac thong tin canh bao, tir dd dfe cac bifen phap chi dao kip thdi 3.2.4 Nhom giai phap ve van de ngudi Cho du may moc, chuong trinh may tfnh cd hoan hao den dau chang nua, cung khdng thfe thay the hoan toan dupc vi tri cua ngudi Hoat dong toan quoc te vfe thu ban chung tir van chuyfen cua Hang khdng Viet nam cd dupc thuc hien mot each chuan muc, dam bao thu du, thu dung hay khdng? Phu thuoc mot phan rat ldn vao hoat dong cua dpi ngu nhan vifen lam cong tac toan, cong tac xir ly, cong tac thong kfe va luan chuyfen chtrng tir Bat oil mot hanh dong vd tinh hoac cd y lam trai nguyfen tac hoac thieu nang luc cua bat cu mot nhan vifen thuoc khau nao, cung dan den hau qua nghifem trong, lam anh hudng den cong tac toan, lam thiet hai vfe vat chat cho Hang khdng Viet nam Larn the nao de xay dung duqc dpi ngu can bo cong nhan vifen co tinh than trach nhiem cao, nhifet tinh cong tac, cd y thuc ky luat cung nhu kife'n thiic chuyfen mon vung vang, day thuc su la van dfe ma moi cap lanh dao deu phai dac biet quan tam Con ngudi la yeu to quyet dinh cho viec cong cua moi giai phap, moi quy trinh Xuat phat tir nhung can cu dd, dudi day la mot vai van dfe chu yeu dupc dfe cap giai phap vfe van dfe ngudi He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Viet Cuong - Lop Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang sd': 80 3.2.4.I Cdng tac dao tao Khong cd dao tao thi khdng thd lam viec mdt each bai ban, chuain mire theo tieu chuan qud'c te dugc ma yeu cau la dac biet quan ddi vdi Hang khdng Viet nam noi chung, viec quan ly toan quoc te ve thu ban noi rieng, viec thuc hien muc tieu chien luge dd Dd cd mot doi ngu chuydn vien cd trinh do, cd nang luc dam bao thuc hien tdt nhung cdng viec dugc giao vdi yeu ciu chat lugng cao thi can phai dao tao, Hang khdng Viet nam da chu y tdi cdng tac dao tao luc lugng lao ddng cua minh Hang khdng Viet nam da td chuc cac khoa hgc nudc vdi ddi ngu giao vien dugc mdi la cac giao vien cua Hiep hdi hang khdng qud'c te'—IATA, cua cac td chuc Hang khdng qud'c te va cac chuyen gia cua Viet nam to chuc cac khoa hgc va ngoai nudc Hang nam, Hang khdng Viet nam cu chuyen vien cua minh tham du cac khoa hgc nghiep vu; cac hoi nghi chuyen mon, cac hoi nghi thuong nien IATA td chuc de ndm Mt kip thdi nhung kien thuc mdi, nhung van dd mdi phat sinh hoat dong van chuydn Hang khdng quoc te Viec quan tam tdi cdng tac dao tao cua Hang khdng Viet nam la mot quyet dinh dung ddn, no giup cho Hang khdng Viet nam cd kha nang thu dune nhung thdng tin mdi, ndm bdt dugc ro rang nhung qui dinh va nhung thay doi cua nd vd van chuydn hang khdng quoc te dd ung dung vao didu kien cu thd cua Hang khdng Viet nam Tuy nhien cdng tac dao tao cua Hang khong Viet nam cung mdt so thieu sot va thdi gian vira qua lo ro mot sd' diem yeu nhu sau: Chi phi dao tao Ion, hieu qua thuc su mang lai khdng cao : Hang khdng Viet nam da chu trgng nang cao chat lugng doi ngu nhan vien mot each ddng deu, song vdi bien phap thuc hien la hgc theo chuong trinh va giao vien nudc ngoai thi hieu qua rat han che Cac khoa hoc dugc td chuc tai nudc ngoai, cung nhu cac khoa hgc cac chuyen gia Hang khong quoc te td chirc tai Viet nam la nhung khoa hgc rat dlt tidn (khoang 1000-2000 ddla My cho mot ngubi mot khoa hgc tir 7-10 ngay) nhung hieu qua mang lai chua thuc su tuong xiing vdi chi phi bo Cac khoa hgc thuong theo cac chuong trinh chung cua IATA vdi nhung kien there chuyen sau chung nhat vd mot linh vuc cu thd, cac chuong trinh khdng dd cap tdi cac dac diem rieng biet cua hoat dong He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Vidt Cirdng - Lcrp Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang s6 : 81 kinh doanh cua tung hang Hang khong, ma chinh nhung dac diem, quy dinh rieng biet mdi thuc su sinh cac van de tranh chap qua trinh thuc hien Ben canh do, yeu cau cua ngudi tham gia khoa hoc phai am hieu chuyen mon linh vuc duqc dao tao, thong thao ngoai ngu, thuc te rat it trudng hop dap ung duqc cac yeu cau noi tren va nguqc vdi su dan uai hinh thuc cu nhan su di hoc la ty le nghich cua luqng kien thuc thuc su tiep thu duqc Kien thuc duqc hoc hoi tai cac khoa hoc doi bi lang quen hoac trd kien thuc rieng cua mot ngudi: Khi cu chuyen vien tham gia cac khoa dao tao chac chan muc dich cua Hang khong Viet nam khong phai la bien tien cua Hang khdng Viet nam kien thuc rieng cua mdt vai ngudi ma van de quan tam la cho kien thuc ho thu nhan duqc tai cac khoa hoc phai trd kien thuc chung huu ich cho hoat dong cua Hang khdng Viet nam, phai la tai san cua doanh nghiep Thuc te cho thay, cac chuyen vien duqc cu di hoc cac khoa dao tao ngan va dai deu chua bao gid td chuc cac cuoc hoi thao trinh bay lai nhung van de mdi tiep thu cho cac chuyen vien va cac bo phan lien quan, tham chi tai lieu duqc cung cap qua trinh hoc tap cung duqc xem nhu tai san rieng, dieu tat yeu lam cong tac dao tao trd nen lang phi Chua chu y tdi viec dao tao cu the cong viec thuc tien : Cong viec cua cac chuyen vien kiem soat va quan ly toan thu ban la tuong doi tdng hqp va phuc tap Hau nhu cac chuyen vien dang theo doi va quan ly thu 'ban chua duqc trai qua cac khoa hoc huan luyen day du ve nghiep vu cua minh Cac cong viec lam hang chu yeu la thong qua hudng din mieng va hoi han lin nhau, dieu co the din tdi su khong thong nhat, khong chuan xac cung mot quy trinh, cach thuc giai quyet cong viec Cac quy dinh ve quan ly thu ban la rat nhieu, cac thong le quoc te linh vuc cung thudng xuyen co su thay ddi, dac biet la cac quy dinh cua BSP cac thi trudng Ngoai mot so nguyen tac chung cua BSP, tung thi trudng khac thi co cac quy dinh khac cua cac BSP thi trudng Mdi BSP co cac quy dinh rieng ve thdi han bao cao, hinh thuc xu ly ve ban qua han bao cao, quy trinh ve xu ly dai ly pha san Muon quan ly tot thi phai nam vung va hieu biet sau sac cac quy dinh cu the nay, song hau nhu cac chuyen vien chuyen quan truc tiep deu hieu biet rat chung chung Giai phap vdi cong tac dao tao cua Hang khong Viet nam : He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Viet Cuong - Ldp Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang so : 82 De’ cong tac dao tao thuc su hieu qua, Hang khong Viet nam nen to chuc dao tao theo mot dinh hudng cu the, phu hop; lap cac nhom nho tu 1-2 vien la cac chuyen vien xuat sac, co trinh chuyen mon, trinh ngoai ngu cung nhu y thUc to chuc ky luat tot Nhung vien vua lam cong tac chuyen mon, vua chiu trach nhiem tham gia cac khoa dao tao cua Hang khong Viet nam co yeu cau dong thdi chiu trach nhiem bien lai kien thuc ho da tiep thu duoc tai cac khoa hoc cho dong nghiep va cac bo phan lien quan Viec to chuc nhom dao tao co loi ich thiet thuc vi: Mot mat no dam bao tiep thu day du luong kien thuc tai cac khoa hoc va md rong cac doi tuong khac, tranh bi lang quen Mat khac no lam cho cong tac dao tao cua Hang khong Viet nam duoc thuc hien tap trung, dat hieu qua cao va phu hop vdi muc tieu de TO chuc hoi thao, hoi nghi khoa hoc de cac chuyen vien co the hoc hoi lin nhau; thuc te cong viec cua tung chuyen vien lam cong tac xu ly, cong tac toan rat phuc tap vi no co su lien quan tdi nhieu thi trudng, nhieu doi tac va mOi nhiem vu lai co nhung dac diem rieng co cua no Viec to chdc hoi thao hoi nghi khoa hoc se mang lai cho cac chuyen vien, cac nha quan ly co mot cach nhin tong the ve toan bo cong viec, giup ho nhan ro duoc nhung vudng mac, khiem khuye't cung nhu cac mat tot cua dong nghiep va cac nguyen nhan phat sinh, qua rut duoc nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem cho ban than He thong hoa nghiep vu, tong hop kinh nghiem, kien thuc mdi, trien khai tdi tung 'nhan vien, coi day nhu mot tieu thuc bat buoc vdi moi vien Hang nam ngoai viec danh gia ket qua cong tac thuc te phai kiem tra va danh gia duoc nghiep vu cua tung nhan vien th co can cu dao tao hop ly Nam 1995, tham quan hoc tap tai bo phan dao tao tai chinh cua Singapore Airlines, ban cho biet mOi nhan vien hang nam bat buoc phai duoc dao tao tai chO it nhat tuan, day thuc su la mot kinh nghiem tot 3.2.4.2, Chinh sach luong, thukrng vat khuyen khichvatchat, tinh than cho uykdi lao douy: Trong mot thdi gian dai, Hang khong Viet nam la mot doanh nghiep Nha nudc co muc thu nhap binh quan tinh tren dau ngudi ludn d muc tuong doi He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Viet Cuong - Lop Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang so : 83 cao Mure thu nhap cao cung la mol loi the de’ Hang khong Viet nam thu hut luc luong lao dong cd trinh vao doanh nghiep cua minh Tuy nhien chfnh sach luong cua Hang khdng Viet nam cung bdc 16 nhung didm bat hpp ly can phai xem xet dd cd the’ khuyen khich dupc linh than lao dong, phan dau cua ngubi lao dong Van de can quan tam cua Hang khdng Viet nam chinh la van de lien quan tcfi su phan cdng cdng viec theo chile nang nhiem vu va he sd lucmg duqc hudng: He thdng thang bac luong cua Hang khdng Viet nam gdm hai muc (luong co ban va luong nang suat theo he sd) Ddi voi luong co ban, ngubi lao dong se dupc hubng theo qui dinh cua Bo lao dong va thuong binh xa hoi Rieng ddi vdi mure luong nang suat, se phuc thuoc vao he sd cua timg ngubi, he sd dupc tinh can cur vao: tham men nganh, thang bac luong dupc hubng, he sd churc vu trach nhiem Su bat hop iy xay cd hai ngubi vdi hai mure luong khac nhung lai lam cung mot loai cdng viec VD: Mot Chuydn vien vdi he sd 1,7 va mot Can su cd mure luong an theo he sd 1,4 cung lam cdng viec vdi sd luong va chat luong phai dam bao nhu Nhung ngubi can su se thac mac tai ngubi chuydn vien an luong cao hon nhung cdng viec lai lam gidng het ho, tham chi neu la chuydn vien mdi thi chai luong cdng viec kho cd kha nang ngang bang ho Su khuyen khich ngubi lao dong nang cao chat luong cdng viec cua minh b diem la rat han che neu khdng muon noi la cd tac dong ngupc lai Van de lien quan tdi chinh sach thudng, phat : Khi ngubi lao dong cd sang kien cai tien cdng viec lam tang nang suat lao dong thi viec thuong la rat han huu neu khdng muon noi la khong cd, nhung nhung ngubi lao dong cd sai pham thi lai bi phat bi ky luat va phai den bu thiet hai bang vat chat Chinh sach dd lam cho ngubi lao dong cam giac chinh sach thuong phat cua Hang khdng Viet nam chua dupc cong minh va kho khuyen khich ngubi lao dong cd gang sang tao cdng tac Bien phap gidi quyet Ddi vdi chinh sach luong: Ve he thdng thang bac luong hien cua Hang khdng Viet nam thi khdng cd van d6 gi can ban cai them, vi nd cd nhung He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Viet Ctrcrng - Lap Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang so : 84 dac tnmg cua nganh va duoc xSy dung tren co' so hudng din cua Bo lao dong va Thuong binh xa hoi Van dd can giai quyet d day la viec sip xep doi ngu chuyen vien nhan vien cua Hang khdng Viet nam cho hop ly, tranh tinh trang bat hpp ly ngudi nhan luong thap phai lam cong viec tuong duong vdi ngudi nhan luong cao Mudn giai quyet dupc van dd tren Hang khdng Viet nam phai thuc hien cong tac tieu chuan hoa cong viec De tieu chuan hoa cong viec Hang khdng Viet nam phai thuc hien cong tac danh gia lai tinh phuc tap, yeu cau ve sd lupng cung nhu chat lupng cua tirng nhiem vu, qua dd lap he thdng cac tieu chuan cdn thiet ngudi lao dong phai dam bao dd thuc hien nhiem vu dd * Doi voi chinh sach thuong: dd tranh tinh trang thuong phat khdng cong bang, doi hoi ben canh hinh thuc phat vat chat doi vdi nhung trudng hpp sai pham, Hang khong Vidt nam cung phai cd chinh sach thuong, chinh sach khuyen khich ngudi lao dong nang cao tinh sang tao cong viec Doi vdi nhung trudng hpp sang kien mang lai loi ich cho Hang khong Viet nam, phai thuc hien chinh sach thuong bang vat chat cung nhu tinh than de khuyen khich ngudi sang tao cung nhu cac vien khac nang cao linh sang tao 3.2.43 Cac chinh sach khuyen khich khac : Phong trao the due the thao: De cai thien sue khoe ngudi lao dong thdng qua cac hoat dong thd thao, Hang khdng Viet nam can phai giao cho Cong doan Doan men pho'i hpp td chuc cho ngudi lao dong luyen tap mol each thuong xuyen ddng thdi tai trp cho cac giai noi bd dupc to chuc thi dau hang nam giua cac don vi Viec td chuc mot each qui cu se khuyen khich ngudi lao dong hang say hon cac hoat dong thd due the thao, nang cao sure khoe Chinh sach doi vdi can bo cong nhan vien va than nhan: Vi hoat dong linh vuc van tai Hang khdng, nen rat co thuan loi viec di lai tdi cac dia diem xa nudc va quoc te Nam bat dupc diem thuan loi cua minh so vdi cac nganh khac, Cac Hang hang khdng tren the gidi ddu rat quan tam tdi quyen loi cua ngudi lao dong va than nhan cua ho va cd chinh sach giam gia cudc van chuydn, tao didu kien thuan loi cho viec di lai He thong BSP va kha nang van dung Dinh Vifet Cuong - Lap Cao hoc QTKD Thuong mai Khoa VI Trang so : 85 Hang khong Viet nam phai x