READING 1 Complete the following passage by choosing A, B, C or D to fill in each blank In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase into happiness The researchers have come up a number of fa[.]
READING Complete the following passage by choosing A, B, C or D to fill in each blank In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase into happiness The researchers have come up a number of factors which contribute to a definition of happiness First of all, there is, in some people, a moderate genetic predisposition to be happy, in other words, happiness (1) _ in families And happiness seems to correlate quite strongly with the main dimensions of personalities: extroverts are generally happier, neurotics are less so Second, people often report good social relations as a reason for their happiness In particular, friends are a great (2) of joy, partly because of the agreeable things they together, partly because of the way friends use positive non-verbal (3) such as caressing and touching, to affirm their friendship Marriage and similar (4) relationships can also form the basis of lasting happiness Third, job satisfaction undoubtedly (5) overall satisfaction, and vice versa - perhaps this is why some people are happy in boring jobs: it (6) both ways Job satisfaction is caused not only by the essential nature of the work, but (7) _ by social interactions with co-workers Unemployment, on the contrary, can be a serious cause of unhappiness Fourth, leisure is important because it is more under individual (8) than most other causes of happiness Activities (9) _ sport and music, and participation in voluntary work and social clubs of various kinds, can give great joy This is partly because of the (10) themselves, but also because of the social support of other group members – it is very strong in the case of religious groups A runs B arrives C goes D descends A source B origin C base D meaning A movements B signals C slogans D motions A near B tight C close D heavy A consists of B applies to C counts on D contributes to A works B effects C makes D turns A too B as well C also D plus A check B power C choice D control A so B such C like D thus 10 A facilities B activities C exercises D amenities Read the passage carefully then fill in the blank a suitable word As swimming became a popular recreation in England during the 1860s and 1870s, several (1) sports developed, roughly patterned after land sports (2) them were water football (or soccer), water rugby, water handball, and water polo, in which players rode on floating barrels, painted to look (3) horses, and struck the ball with a stick Water rugby became most popular of these sports, but somehow the water polo name became attached to it, and it's been attached (4) since As played in England, the object of the sport was for a player to touch the ball, with both (5) , at the goal end of the pool The goaltender stood on the pool deck, ready to dive on any opponent who was about to score Water polo quickly became a very rough sport, filled (6) underwater fights away from the ball, and it wasn't unusual for players to pass out for lack of air In 1877, the sport was tamed in Scotland by the addiction of goalposts The Scots also replaced (7) original small, hard rubber ball with a soccer ball and adopted (8) that prohibited taking the ball under the surface or, "tackling" a player unless he had the ball The Scottish game, which emphasized swimming speed, passing, and (9) work, spread to England during the early 1880s, to Hungary in 1889, to Austria and Germany in 1894, to France in 1895, and (10) Belgium in 1900 Water polo was the first team sport added to the Olympic program, in 1900 Read the passage then choose the correct word to fill in the blank (1 pt) For good or bad, computers are now part of our daily life Experts predict that before long all schools and busineses and most families in the rich part of the world will (1) a computer of some kind Among the general public, computer arouse strong feelings – people either love them (2) hate them The computer lovers talk about how useful computers can be in business, in education and (3) the home Apart (4) all the games, you can accounts on them, learn languages from them, write letters on them, and in some places even (5) your shopping with them Computers they say, bring leisure, as many, as many (6) jobs are taken over by computerized robots The haters, on the other hand, argue that computers bring not leisure but (7) They worry, too, that people (8) spend all the time talking to computers may forget (9) to talk to each other Their biggest fear is that computers may eventually take (10) from human beings altogether A own B C learn D make A to B but C and D or A at B on C in D to A for B from C with D to A B make C have D surf A interesting B skillful C pleasant D unpleasant A unemployed B employment C unemployment D employ A that B on who C who D whom A why B how C what D when 10 A over B in C place D Off 4: Read the text below and fill in each space with ONE suitable word 2pt THE OLD WOMAN There once was an old woman (1) ………………………….lived in a shoe This must have been very cramped and difficult (2) ………………………….living in a shoe is not very comfortable, I expect One day, she went out and there (3) ………………………….some children playing in the street nearby where she lived (4) ………………………….began shouting at her "You silly old woman, why you live in a shoe?", they shouted, and other things like that They were very insulting (5) ………………………….the old woman I don't know why the old woman had to live in a shoe, but she (6) ………………………… have been very poor, and it was not nice to (7)……………………… fun of the poor woman because she was so hard up that she had nowhere (8)………………………… to live But children can be very cruel sometimes (9) ………………………….this case wasn't an exception However, on this occasion the old woman didn't just think their insults meekly, but became very angry and shouting "I will teach you a (10) ………………………….", she chased them with a cane 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with to Celsius degrees of further warming The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral Scientists estimate that even Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems 61 Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to A die instantly B bloom earlier C become lighter D lose color 62 According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals tend to move A south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower elevations B north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher elevations C toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower elevations D toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations 63 The pronoun “those” in paragraph refers to A species B ecosystems C habitats D areas 64 The phrase “dwindling sea ice” in paragraph refers to A the frozen water in the Arctic B the violent Arctic Ocean C the melting ice in the Arctic D the cold ice in the Arctic 65 It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by or Celsius degrees, A half of the earth’s surface would be flooded B the sea level would rise by 20 centimeters C water supply would decrease by 50 percent D 20 to 50 percent of species could become extinct 66 If some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, A they may be endangered B they can begin to develop C they will certainly need water D they move to tropical forests 67 The word “fragile” in paragraph most probably means A very large B easily damaged C rather strong D pretty hard 68 The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph indicates A the water absorption of coral reefs B the quick growth of marine mammals C the blooming phase of sea weeds D the slow death of coral reefs 69 The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by A the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the ocean B the decrease of acidity of the pole waters C the extinction of species in coastal areas D the loss of acidity in the atmosphere around the earth 70 What does the passage mainly discuss? A Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles B Effects of global warming on animals and plants C Global warming and possible solutions D Global warming and species migration Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question (2.0 points - 0.2/ each) These days it is impossible to open the newspaper (71) reading about the damage we are doing to the environment The earth is being threatened (72) the future looks bad (73) can each of us do? We cannot clean (74) our polluted rivers and seas overnight Nor can we stop the (75) of plants and animals But we can stop adding to the problem (76) scientists look for answers It may not be easy to change your lifestyle (77) but some steps are easy to take: cut down the amount of driving you do, or use as little plastic as possible It is also easy to save (78) which also (79) household bills We must all make a personal decision to work for the future of our planet if we want to ensure a better world (80) our grandchildren 71 A with B without C and D but 72 A and B however C so D moreover 73 A Where B When C Why D What 74 A up B to C on D in 75 A appear B appearance C disappear D disappearance 76 A when B during C while D within 77 A complete B completeness C completely D to complete 78 A water B energy C money D health 79 A adds B decreases C reduces D supplies 80 A from B for C to D in 7: Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap (2.0 points- 0.2/ each) The African elephant is (81) …………………… largest animal in the world Both the African and the Indian elephant (82) …………………… to the group of animals which we (83) …………………… mammals The African elephant is larger (84) …………………… the Indian elephant and weighs as much as tons Elephants sleep (85) …………………… their feet and the strange thing is (86) …………………… they have bad dreams, they make (87) …………………… noise with their trunks They need great quantities of food every day and this is the reason (88) …………………… they move to places with rich vegetation They eat grass, leaves (89) …………………… fruit and they walk long distances to large family groups but the old males often live alone (90) …………………… they die Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life (56) human activities are making the planet less fit to live on As the western world carries on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population so (57) to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (58) resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper Everywhere fertile soil is (59) built on or washed into the sea Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (60) We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences As a (61) the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (62) increasingly heavy demands on it The Earth's (63) resources are there for us to use We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (64) us fed, comfortable, healthy and active If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will (65) indefinitely But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out and everyone will suffer 56 A still B despite C yet D although 57 A for B just C already D entirely 58 A lone B Individual C lonely D alone 59 A sooner B rather C either D neither 60 A completely B quite C greatly D utterly 61 A result B product C development D reaction 62 A having B doing C taking D making 63 A natural B real C living D genuine 64 A stay B keep C maintain D hold 65 A last B stand C remain D go 9.Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to our climate which are taking place Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our planet before For example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods These climatic changes, however, were different from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as far as we know, naturally The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly rapid The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up According to some experts, this warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years The implications for the planet are very serious Rising global temperatures could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts These in turn could have a harmful effect on agriculture It is thought that this unusual warming of the Earth has been caused by so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern industrial processes, for example Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped This leads to the warming up of the planet Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world’s industrialized countries Of these summits, the most important took place in Kyoto in Japan in 1997 There it was agreed that the most industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and were given targets for this reduction of emissions It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to absorb greenhouse gases At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by too drastic deforestation Sadly, the targets are not being met Even more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are often still being regarded as scaremongering 66 According to the passage, in what way did the climate changes in the ice ages differ from the modern ones? A They occurred naturally over a long period of time B They were partly intended C They were wholly the result of human activity D They were fully monitored by humans 67 The word “alarmingly” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A disapprovingly B disappointingly C surprisingly D worryingly 68 According to the passage, agriculture could A make the global warming more serious B be indirectly affected by the global temperature rises C give rise to many ecological disasters D be directly damaged by the rises in global temperature 69 Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they A are emitted by car engines B trap heat from the sun C not add to atmosphere pollution D are unusual gases 70 According to the passage, 1997 witnessed A the largest number of summits on the subject of climate change B the most important summit on climate change taking place in Kyoto, Japan C the highest attendance by representatives from 180 industrialized countries D widespread concern about climate change 71 It can be inferred from the passage that the countries which are mainly responsible for global warming are A countries with the warmest climate B developing countries C developed countries D the most industrialized countries 72 The word “There” in paragraph refers to A the world’s industrialized countries B regular summits on climate change C the most industrialized countries D the 1997 summit in Kyoto, Japan 73 Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that may cause the so-called greenhouse effect B The so-called sinks created by forests can absorb greenhouse gases C The problem of rapid climate change has been caused mainly by deforestation D Politicians are among those who are concerned about climate change 74 The word “drastic” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A hard B severe C widespread D obvious 75 What is probably the writer’s attitude toward global warning? A Optimistic B Pessimistic C Neutral D Positive 10 Read the text and fill in one word which best fits each gap SAVING THE TIGER In 1973, when the tiger appeared to be facing extinction, the World Wide Fund for nature and the Indian Government agreed to set (76) “Operation Tiger” – a campaign to save this threatened creature They started by creating nine special parks (77) that tigers could live in safety The first was at Ramthambhore , a region (78) was quickly turning into a desert (79) too much of the grass was being eaten by the local people’s cattle At the time there (80) just fourteen tigers left there The government had to clear twelve small villages, which means moving nearly 1,000 people and 10,000 cattle so the land could be handed back to nature Today, Ramthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall (81) for tigers to hide in, and There are now at (82) forty of them in the park, wandering freely about Other animals have also benefited For example, there are many (83) deer and monkeys than before The people (84) were moved are now living in better conditions They live in new villages away (85) the tiger park, with schools, temples and fresh water supplies There are now sixteen such tiger parks in India and the animals’ future looks a little safer 11 Read the passage below and choose the best option to complete each sentence Schools in the United States have not always had a large number of libraries As (56) as 1958 about half of the public schools in the United States had no libraries at all The number of public school libraries increased dramatically (57) the federal government passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, (58) provided funds for school districts to improve their education programs and facilities, including their libraries (59) , many educators claim that since the legislation was passed federal spending has not increased sufficiently to meet the rising (60) of new library technologies such as computer databases and Internet access Because the federal government provides only limited funds to schools, individual school districts (61) on funds from local property taxes to meet the vast majority of public school expenses Therefore, the libraries of the public schools tend to reflect the (62) capabilities of the communities in which they are located Districts in wealthy suburbs often have fully staffed libraries (63) abundant resources, spacious facilities, and curricular and instructional support In (64) , school districts in many poor areas house their libraries in ordinary classrooms or in small rooms The libraries in such areas are generally staffed by volunteers, who organize and (65) books that are often out-of-date, irrelevant, or damaged 56 A freshly B frequently C recently D newly 57 A though B with C during D when 58 A that B which C who D this 59 A Nevertheless B Consequently C Therefore D Otherwise 60 A fine B fee C cost D sum 61 A go B rely C come D stay 62 A educational B economical C political D financial 63 A with B for C on D by 64 A country B converse C contrast D conflict 65 A attain B obtain C contain D maintain 12 Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question Million of people are using cell phones today In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people They find that the phones are means of communication – having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss He couldn't remember even simple tasks He would often forget the name of his own son This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation High – tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often Use your regular phone of you want to talk for a long time Use your mobile phone only when you really need it Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often 66 According to the passage, cell phones are especially popular with young people because A they are indispensable in everyday communication B they make them look more stylish C they keep the users alert all the time D they cannot be replaced by regular phones 67 The changes possible caused by the cell phones are mainly concerned with A the mobility of the mind and the body B the smallest units of brain C the arteries of the brain D the resident memory 68 The word "means" in the passage most closely means A meanings B expression C method D transmission 69 The word "potentially" in the passage most closely means A obviously B possibly C certainly D privately 70 "Negative publicity" in the passage most likely means A information on the lethal effects of cell phones B widespread opinion about bad effects of cell phones C the negative public use of cell phones D poor ideas about the effects of cell phones 71 Doctors have tentatively concluded that cell phones may A damage their users' emotions B cause some mental malfunction C change their users' temperament D change their users' social behavior 72 The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cell phone too often A suffered serious loss of mental ability B could no longer think lucidly C abandoned his family D had a problem with memory 73 According to the passage, what makes mobile phones potentially harmful is A their radiant light B their power of attraction C their raiding power D their invisible rays 74 According to the writer, people should A only use mobile phones in urgent cases B only use mobile phones in medical emergencies C keep off mobile phones regularly D never used mobile phones in all cases 75 The most suitable title for the passage could be A "The reasons why mobile phones are regular" B "Technological Innovation and their price" C "They way mobile phones work" D "Mobile phones – a must of our time" 13 Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap A Success Story At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire and one of a growing number of teenagers (76) have made their fortune through the Internet (77) makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers (78) his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly "I wanted to prove them wrong", says Ben, creator and director of Way search, a net search engine which can be used to find goods (79) online shopping malls When he was eight, his local authorities provided him (80) a PC to help with schoolwork Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural (81) with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people E10 an hour for his knowledge and skills At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, two years later he left school (82) devote all his time to business "By this time the company had grown and I needed to take (83) a couple of employees to help me," says Ben “That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was his ability to consistently (84) difficult challenges that led him to win the You Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Way search, and he has recently signed a deal worth £25 million with a private investment company, which will finance (85) search engine 14 Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question CAREERS Work should be a meaningful and (56) part of one’s life The (57) _ of a career is, therefore, one of the most serious decision anyone can (58) It is important to take in consideration your (59) _ and personal preferences For instance, adventurous people who enjoy an outdoor life shouldn’t choose a (60) _ in an office If you like to work alone, you shouldn’t look for employment which requires working with the public If you enjoy working with people, you may like a career in a (61) such as human resources You should (62) about finding out as much as possible about intended career before you finish your education It may take time to (63) for the career you want Don’t accept a job if you haven’t got a clue what your working conditions will be or how much you can expect to (64) Future disappointment can be avoided by talking to professionals with (65) in the career you are interested in as well as visiting different companies and institutions 56 A comfortable B productive C exported D efficient 57 A thought B advice C choice D interest 58 A B set C have D make 59 A facilities B skills C references D contracts 60 A work B job C pension D business 61 A branch B department C workplace D firm 62 A set B work C look D find 63 A run B practise C train D learn 64 A bring B earn C obtain D win 65 A reputation B employment C experience D experiment 15 Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question One of the factors contributing to the intense nature of twenty-first-century stress is our continual exposure to media – particularly to an over abundance of news If you feel stressed out by the news, you are far from alone Yet somehow many of us seem unable to prevent ourselves from tuning in to an extreme degree The further back we go in human history, the longer news took to travel from place to place, and the less news we had of distant people and lands altogether The printing press obviously changed all that, as did every subsequent development in transportation and telecommunication When television came along, it proliferated like a population of rabbits In 1950, there were 100,000 television sets in North American homes; one year later there were more then a million Today, it’s not unusual for a home to have three or more television sets, each with cable access to perhaps over a hundred channels News is the subject of many of those channels, and on several of them it runs 24 hours a day What’s more, after the traumatic events of September 11, 2001, live newscasts were paired with perennial text crawls across the bottom of the screen – so that viewers could stay abreast of every story all the time Needless to say, the news that is reported to us is not good news, but rather disturbing images and sound bytes alluding to disaster (natural and man-made), upheaval, crime, scandal, war, and the like Compounding the problem is that when actual breaking news is scarce, most broadcasts fill in with waistline, hairline, or very existence in the future This variety of story tends to treat with equal alarm a potentially lethal flu outbreak and the bogus claims of a wrinkle cream that over promises smooth skin Are humans meant to be able to process so much trauma – not to mention so much overblown anticipation of potential trauma – at once? The human brain, remember, is programmed to slip into alarm mode when danger looms Danger looms for someone, somewhere at every moment Exposing ourselves to such input without respite and without perspective cannot be anything other than a source of chronic stress 66 According to the passage, which of the following has contributed to the intense nature of twenty-first-century stress? A An overabundance of special news B The degree to which stress affects our life C Our inability to control ourselves D Our continual exposure to the media 67 In the past, we had less news of distant people and lands because A means of communication and transprotation were not yet invented B the printing press changed the situation to slowly C printing, transportation, and telecommunications were not developed D most people lived in distant towns and villages 68 The pronoun “them” in paragraph refers to _ A TV channels B television sets C TV news D cable access 69 The word “traumatic” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A boring B fascinating C upsetting D exciting 70 According to the passage, when there is not enough actual breaking news, broadcasts _ A are full of dangerous diseases such as flu B send out live newscasts paired with text across the screen C send out frightening stories about potential dangers D are forced to publicize an alarming increase in crime 71 As stated in the passage, a flu outbreak and the bogus claims of a wrinkle cream tend to A involve natural and man-made disasters B be treated with equal alarm C be scarce breaking news D be warmly welcomed by the public 72 Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A The news that is reported to us is not good news B Many people are under stress caused by the media C Many TV channels supply the public with breaking news D The only source of stress in our modern life is the media 73 The word “slip” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A release B bring C fail D fall 74 According to the passage, our continual exposure to bad news without perspective is obviously A the result of human brain’s switch to alarm mode B a source of chronic stress C the result of an overabundance of good news D a source of defects in human brain 75 What is probably the best title for this passage? A Effective Ways to Beat Stress B More Modern Life - More Stress C The Media - A Major Cause of Stress D Developments in Telecommunications 16 Read the text and fill in one word which best fits each gap The honey bee is a very unusual kind of insect. (76) …………………… other insects which live alone, the honey bee lives as a member of a community These bees live (77) …………………… in what is known as a bee colony The head of the colony is called the (78) …………………… bee She is larger than the rest of the bees Her main task in the colony is to (79) …………………… eggs Most of the other bees are the worker bees These bees collect nectar and pollen (80) …………………… flowers The nectar thatis carried by the worker bees is deposited on the hive and then converted into honey The worker bees also help look (81) …………………… the young bees as soon as the eggs are hatched, the worker bees feed the young bees (82) …………………… pollen and nectar The third (83) …………………… of bee found in the colony is the drone or male bee The main task of such a bee is to mate with a new queen The queen bee has a life span of about three years During this period, she would have laid more than (84) …………………… a million eggs. When the queen bee is dying, a new queen would be groomed This new queen would eventually take (85) …………………… the 'duties' of the old queen when the latter dies 17: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits each blank space in the following passage As computers have become (1) _ tools for the rapid and economic production of pictures, computer graphics has Emerged as one of the most rapidly growing fields in computer science It is used routinely in such (2) _areas business, industry, art, government, education, research, training, and medicine One of the initial uses of computer graphics, and ultimately its greatest use, has been as an aid to design, generally (3) _to as computer aided design (CAD) One of its greatest advantages is (4) _ designers can see how an object will look after construction and make changes freely and much more quickly than (5) _ hand drafting For three-dimensional (6) _of machine parts, engineers now rely heavily on CAD Automobile, spacecraft, aerospace, and ship designers use CAD techniques to design vehicles and (7) _ their performance Building designs are also created with computer graphics systems Architects can design a building (8) _, create a three-dimensional model, and even go for a simulated “walk” through the rooms or around the outside of the building Business graphics is another rapidly growing area of computer graphics, where it is used to create graphs, charts and cost models to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, and economic data As an educational aid, computer graphics can be used to create weather maps and cartographic materials Computer art also has creative and commercial art applications, where it is used in advertising, publishing, and film productions, (9) _for computer animation, which is achieved by a (10) _ process A handful B overbearing C controlling D.powerful A widening B diverse C versatile D.variant A resorted B inferred C implied D.referred A whether B as C that D.then A for B with C of D.over A rendering B severing C hindering D.pondering A try B test C experiment D.challenge A fallout B layout C breakout D.workout A specifically B specially C particularly D.definitely 10 A consecutive B connective C sequential D successive 18: Fill in each of the blank spaces with one suitable word Energy is one of the (1) _ that many people are interested in It is not an unfamiliar word It is heard, said, discussed day after day It is close to everyone’s (2) _ life You turn on the lamp and it is (3) _ that gives you light You turn on a TV and it is energy that gives you pictures and sound You ride a motorcycle and it is energy that gives you (4) _ You cook your meals and it is energy that gives you heat to boil rice The problem is that the demand for energy is rising and that the price of energy is getting (5) _ and higher The supply of energy on earth is limited It cannot provide us all forever The (6) _ of energy in the future is inevitable Therefore, saving energy is a must if we want to (7) _ to live in a safe and sound world If we save energy, the (8) _ will be less polluted and our health will be better and we will live a more meaningful life and more happily Perhaps the best (9) _ to the problem of energy is a source of clean energy coming from the sun: solar energy This kind of energy is easily available, free, and inexhaustible Furthermore, it does not cause (10) _ 19: Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question The air above our head is becoming cleaner A breath of fresh air has been running right round the planet for the past five years The planet is apparently purging itself of pollution Paul Novell of the University of Colorado, the co-author of a report on this phenomenon says, “It seems as if the planet’s own cleansing service has suddenly got a new lease of life Suddenly, there are a lot of changes going on up there.” Estimates of the death toll from urban smog have been steadily rising, so the new cleaner trend could have significant consequences for life expectancy in cities as well as for the planet itself The sudden and unexpected reversal of several decades of worsening pollution extends from the air in city streets to the remotest mid-Pacific Ocean and Antarctica Among the pollutants which have begun to disappear from the atmosphere are carbon monoxide, from car exhausts and burning rain forests, and methane from the guts of cattle, paddy fields, and gas fields Even carbon dioxide, the main gas behind global warming, has fallen slightly There are two theories about why pollution is disappearing First, that there is less pollution to start with due to laws to cut down urban smog and acid rain starting to have a global impact Second, that the planet may be becoming more efficient at cleaning up The main planetary cleanup agent ¡is a chemical called hydroxyl It is present throughout the atmosphere in tiny quantities and removes most pollutants from the air by oxidizing them The amount of hydroxyl in the air had fallen by a quarter in the 1980s Now, it may be reviving for two reasons: ironically, because the ozone hole has expanded, letting in more ultraviolet radiation into the lower atmosphere, where it manufactures hydroxyl Then the stricter controls on vehicle exhausts in America and Europe may have cut global carbon monoxide emissions, thereby allowing more hydroxyl to clean up other pollutants What is the main topic of the passage? A The decreasing pollution of the atmosphere B The changing pollutants in the atmosphere C Hydroxyl’s influence on the atmosphere D The oxygenation of the atmosphere The word ‘purging’ is closest in meaning to _ A destroying B refining C filtering D ridding According to the passage, life expectancy partly depends on people having _ A access to details about atmospheric pollution B recommendations from university research C improvement in atmospheric conditions D changes in their lifestyle The word ‘toll’ could best be replaced by A costs B count C damage D loss What does the author suggest is the main cause of pollution reduction? A Less impact from burning forests B A smaller number of cars C A curtailment of chemicals D Fewer cattle and gas fields 6.The word ‘it’ refers to A urban smog B a clean-up agent C acid rain D the ozone hole It can be inferred from the passage that the new cleaner trend is _ A inexplicable B confusing C surprising D predictable Based on information in the passage, all of the following information referring to hydroxyl is true EXCEPT A the reduction in the ozone layer is beneficial to hydroxyl B oxidization of pollutants is carried out by hydroxyl C there is difficulty in destroying carbon dioxide by hydroxyl D ultraviolet radiation increases production of hydroxyl The word ‘reviving’ is closest in meaning to A reappearing B refreshing C reproducing D repeating 10 The passage supports which of the following conclusions? A The decrease of methane has enabled ultraviolet radiation to enter the atmosphere B An expansion in hydroxyl has enlarged the ozone hole C The reduction in carbon dioxide has produced a cleaner atmosphere D The beneficial effect of hydroxyl has aided the cleaning process 20 Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question Interpreting the feelings of other people is not always easy, as we all know, and we (56) as much on what they seem to be telling us, as on the actual words they say Facial (57) and tone of voice are obvious ways of showing our (58) to something, and it may well be that we unconsciously express views that we are trying to hide The art of being (59) lies in picking up these signals, realizing what the other person is trying to say, and acting so that they are not embarrassed in any way For example, we may understand that they are in fact (60) to answer our question, and so we stop pressing them Body movements in general may also indicate feelings, and interviewers often pay particular attention to the way a candidate for a job walks into the room and sits down However it is not difficult to present the right kind of ... day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer''s doctor didn''t agree What is it that makes mobile phones potentially... explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of... phones C the negative public use of cell phones D poor ideas about the effects of cell phones 71 Doctors have tentatively concluded that cell phones may A damage their users'' emotions B cause