TRANSLATION PROCESS AND METHODS MODULE 2 CHAPTER 3 TRANSLATION PROCESS 3 1 THE APPROACH • (1) start by translating part of the work (paragraph / chapter) to get the feel and the feeling tone of the te[.]
MODULE TRANSLATION PROCESS AND METHODS CHAPTER TRANSLATION PROCESS 3.1 THE APPROACH • (1) start by translating part of the work (paragraph / chapter) to get the feel and the feeling tone of the text, and then review the position, and read the rest of the SL text; • (2) start by reading the SL text two or three times, and find the intention, register, tone, mark the difficult words and passages and translate Which way to choose depend on temperament, intuition, analysis power, etc 3.2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION a The Textual level: • transpose SL grammar into their “ready” TL equivalents, translate the lexical units into sense that appears immediately appropriate in the context of the sentence • translation is based on the text: level of the literal translation of the source language into the target language, the level of the translationese you have to eliminate, but it also acts as corrective of paraphrase and the parer-down of synonyms 3.2.1 TEXTUAL LEVEL • Competent managers know how to position their brand in relation to the competition, in terms of factors like price and quality of the product Managers should relate the brand’s values in a meaningful way to the consumers they have targeted With worldwide brands, this may mean changing your message from country to country 3.2.2 THE REFERENTIAL LEVEL b The Referential Level • analyze the text: what is it about, what is it in aid for, what is the writer‟s slant on it, etc • when there is an ambiguity, when the writing is abstract or figurative, when the text is unclear, supplement the text level with the referential level, the factual level with the necessary additional information from this level of reality, the facts of the matter 3.2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION • Về hợp tác đào tạo, triển khai chương trình 2+2 với số trường đại học Trung Quốc, Đài Loan Pháp 3.2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION c The Cohesive level: • follow the structure and the moods of the text • Structure: connective words (conjunctions, enumeration, reiterations, definite article, general words, referential synonyms, punctuation marks) linking the sentences, usually proceeding from known information (theme) to new information (rheme) • Mood: moving between positive and negative, emotive and neutral 3.2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION • A job for life has become a thing of the past Long-term unemployment waits for those whose skills are outdated On the other hand, people who have retrained or have more flexible skills can find a position in new hi-tech industries or services • The company considers the downloading of game information as serious abuse of company property and may regard this as grounds for dismissal 3.2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION d The Level of Naturalness • Ensure: (a) that translation makes sense; (b) that it reads naturally • Tips for checking: temporarily disengaging from the SL text, by reading translation as though no original existed Ask yourself: Would you ever see this in The Times, The Economist, in a textbook ? Is it common usage in that kind of writing? How frequent is it? • Check and crosscheck words and expressions in an up-to-date dictionary Note any word in suspect 3.2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION • More efforts should be made to improve the education quality to meet the increasingly high demand of the society • The country is unlikely to meet the target of sending 85,000 guest workers abroad this year due to several problems facing the labor market, including reducing demand 3.3 UNITS OF TRANSLATING • Word • Sentence • Paragraph • Passage CHAPTER TRANSLATION METHODS TRANSLATION METHOD V-DIAGRAM SL emphasis Word-for-word translation Literal translation Faithful translation Semantic translation TL emphasis Adaptation Free translation Idiomatic translation Communicative translation WORD-FOR-WORD TRANSLATION Featur e Used for E.g - Word order preserved - Words translated out of context - Non - grammatical - Cultural words translated literally - Information about SL - Language learning - Pre-translation process of difficult text He is a big liar LITERAL TRANSLATION Featur e Used for E.g - Grammar converted to „nearest‟ TL equivalent - Words translated singly out of context - Pre-translation process to identify problems - Basis of poetry translation for poets who don‟t understand SL He is a big liar FAITHFUL TRANSLATION Featur e Used for E.g - Words translated in context but uncompromising to target language - Cultural words transferred - Grammatical and lexical „abnormality‟ preserved - Literary translation - Authoritative texts - Drafts He is as fast as a kangaroo SEMANTIC TRANSLATION Feature Used for - Like faithful translation but take into account aesthetic value of SL text (beautiful and natural) - More emphasis on naturalness, cultural words converted into neutral equivalence in TL Flexible, focus on aesthetic of SL (at expense of meaning if necessary) - Texts that have high status (religious texts, legal texts politicians‟ speeches) - Expressive texts (literature) SEMANTIC TRANSLATION • May what come, you will always be in my mind • Right in the centre of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake is an enchanting body of water, a peaceful oasis away from all the hustle and bustle of the city ... level of reality, the facts of the matter 3 .2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION • Về hợp tác đào tạo, chúng tơi triển khai chương trình 2+ 2 với số trường đại học Trung Quốc, Đài Loan Pháp 3 .2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION. .. downloading of game information as serious abuse of company property and may regard this as grounds for dismissal 3 .2 LEVELS OF TRANSLATION d The Level of Naturalness • Ensure: (a) that translation. .. appropriate in the context of the sentence • translation is based on the text: level of the literal translation of the source language into the target language, the level of the translationese you have