Chuyªn ®Ò 3 Passive voice Chuyªn ®Ò 3 Passive voice (C©u bÞ ®éng thêi gian 06 tiÕt) A Kh¸i qu¸t chung I Đị nh ngh ĩ a c©u b ị độ ng C©u bÞ ®éng ®îc dïng khi ngêi nãi kh«ng biÕt ai lµ ngêi t¹o ra hµnh[.]
Chuyên đề 3: Passive voice (Câu bị động-thời gian 06 tiết) A Khái quát chung I- nh ngha câu b ng - Câu bị động đợc dùng ngời nói ngời tạo hành động My dog was killed this morning - Câu bị động đợc dùng ngời nói muốn nhấn mạnh việc xảy hành động mà không ý tới ngời tạo hành động Your son will be looked after well - Thời câu bị động đợc thể qua thời TOBE - Câu chủ động muốn chuyển đợc sang câu bị động phải có tân ngữ CĐ: S + V + O BĐ : S + be + P2 + by + O II- Cấu tróc bị động c¸c thời tiếng Anh Active HTĐG HTTD QKĐG HTHT QKTD TLĐG TLG Passive S + am (is/are ) + P2 S + am (is/are ) + Being + P2 S + was/ were + P2 S + have/ has + Been + P2 S+ was/ were + Being + P2 S + will /shall + Be + P2 S + am (is/ are ) going to + Be + P2 ĐTKT S + ĐTKT + Be + P2 My mother buys this car This car is bought by my mother She is making a big cake A big cake is being made by her They will build a new school A new school will be built ( by them ) He can make many things from wood Many things can be made from wood by him III- Một số chó ý chuyển câu b ng Nếu câu chủ động sử dụng đại từ bất định( someone, somebody, people, they ) chuyển sang câu bị động ta bỏ tân ngữ giíi tõ" by" People have painted this wall This wall has been painted Nếu câu chủ động sử dụng từ mang nghĩa phủ định, chuyển sang câu bị động ta dùng động từ thể phủ dịnh Noone has cleaned this room This room hasn’t been cleaned Nếu câu chủ động có sử dụng trạng từ, trạng ngữ thời gian nơi chốn, chuyển sang câu bị động ta đặt tân ngữ giới từ "by" trớc thời gian sau nơi chốn My father will build a house in the garden next week A house will be built in the garden by my father next week Nếu câu chủ động có hai tân ngữ(trực tiếp gián tiếp) ta có hai cách chuyển sang câu bị động: a Nếu sử dụng tân ngữ gián tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ ta chuyển theo qui tắc(nh trên) bNếu lấy tân ngữ trực tiếp làm chủ ngữ trớc tân ngữ gián tiếp phải cã giíi tõ(thêng lµ"to"/"for") She gave me a book + I was given a book by her + A book was given to me by her IV- Một số cấu tróc bị động đặc biệt To have / get sb st = to have / get st done ( by sb ) She has a man repair her house = She has her house repaired (by a man ) People say ( think/ believe ) that + MĐ a It is said ( thought/ believed ) that + MĐ b S + be said ( thought / believed ) to + V * Khi M§P dïng ë thời thờng, tơng lai thờng chuyển sang bị động nguyên thể không xđ (to st) People say that she has many husbands +It is said that she has many husbands +She is said to have many husbands * Khi MĐP dùng thời tiếp diễn chuyển thành nguyên thể tiếp diễn(to be doing st) They think that he is living in a cottage + It is thought that he is living in a cottage + He is thought to be living in a cottage * Khi MĐP hoàn thành, khứ hoàn thành, chuyển thành nguyên thể hoàn thành People believed that she has killed her husband It was believed that she has killed her husband She was belived to have killed her husband * Must = have to, Can = to be able to Trong câu chủ động có sử dụng động từ nguyên thể không "to" chuyển câu bị động phải chuyển nguyên thể cã "to", trõ "to let" + She made me stand aside for hours I was made to stand aside for hours + I let her use my car on Sunday She is let use my car on Sunday Nếu câu chủ động có sử dụng tính động từ, chuyển sang câu bị động giữ nguyên tính động từ I saw her working in the garden She was seen working in the garden NÕu câu chủ động dùng thức mệnh lệnh, ta chuyển theo cÊu tróc sau: + Be ( not ) to be done / Must ( not ) be done + Don’t pick flowers in the garden Flowers in the garden aren’t to be picked Flowers in the garden mustn’t be picked Nếu câu chủ động sử dụng cấu trúc" It's possible/ impossible to st" chuyển sang bị động thµnh : St can ( can’t ) be done + It is possible to repair this watch This watch can be repaired + It is impossible to cure your husband Your husband cant be cured * Nếu câu chủ động có for , câu bị động chuyển thành by “ It is possible for you to the test The test can be done by you Chn c©u bị động cấu trúc sử dụng Advise a Advise doing st = Advise that st should be done She advised changing the car She advised that the car should be changed b Advise sb to st = Sb be advised to st Advise that st should be done + She advised him to buy a washing machine He was advised to buy a washing machine She advised that a washing machine should be bought ChuyÓn sang câu bị động với động từ urge / beg / order sb to st “ chuyển giống “ to advise “ She urged him to help them He was urged to help them 9.Chun cÊu tróc : It is your duty to st = Be supposed to It is your duty to clean the board You are supposed to clean the board B Mét sè dạng tập câu bị động *Bài tập theo động từ loại câu I Simple present 1.People use milk to make butter and cheese 2.Hoi An attracts a lot of foreign tourists 3.Does Egypt export cotton to many coutries? People speak English and French in Canada 5.How people cook this kind of food? 6.They pay designers a lot of money 7.How people pronounce this word? 8.They export bananas to Europe 9.People don't use this road very often 10.How people learn language? 11.The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a week 12.We don't use this kind of cloth to make skirts 13.Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and fashionable aodai 14.People plant rice in those fields 15.She teaches us grammar and writing 16.She makes coffee for her parents every day 17.People call this dog "Lucky" 18.They send two million books to America every year 19.The school junitor cleans the classrooms every day 20.Today a large number of people speak English II.Past simple 1.He hurt his leg in an accident 2.My brother lent me this book 3.The librarian didn't allow Tom to take those books home 4.Did all students attend first-aid course last year? 5.Did Jack London write the novel "Martin Idon"? 6.Bell invented the telephone in 1876 7.They made the fire in the traditional way 8.Irving Berlin wrote the famous song"White Christmas" 9.People didn't organize this festival some years ago 10.They cancelled all flights because of fog 11.When did they decorate your kitchen? 12.People advised us not to go out alone 13.Did the noise of the children disturb you? 14.My sister gave me a new pair of jeans on my fifteenth birthday 15.Did people make jeans two hundred years ago? 16.He finished his exercises on time 17.Why didn't you learn this lesson? 18.Did you your test perfectly? 19.This boy broke my windows yesterday 20.Mary and Tom invited three hundred people to the wedding III Simple future 1.They will send you a bill at the end of the month 2.The teachers won't teach knowledge on recycling tomorrow 3.They will laugh at you if you wear that silly hat 4.The police will tow away cars left here 5.The factory will produce10.000 cars next year 6.We will meet him at the stadium 7.The workers will complete that bridge next year 8.Will the school distribute the textbooks? 9.That company will publish a new text book next year 10.The government will rebuild the Memorial Monument IV Present continuous 1.The children are redecorating the sitting-room 2.Look! They are pulling down the old theater 3.Ba is using the computer at the moment 4.The workers are building a supermarket on our street 5.My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me 6.The commitee is considering that proposal right now 7.The students are discussing about their new plan 8.They are translating the novel in English V.Past continuous 1.Sombody was recording our conversations 2.When we came, they were testing the new drug 3.Someone was cleaning the windows while I was there 4.They were questioning us and searching our vehicle at the same time 5.They were taking the refugees to a camp outside the village VI.Present perfect 1.A local advertising company has offered Maria a good job 2.They have just built a new church near my house 3.Have you tidied the kitchen? They have just given the children some gifts 5.Somebody has cleaned the room 6.They have postponed the concert 7.Has your father repaired the car? 8.They have sold their car to pay their debt 9.How long have they done their work? 10.Bad weather has delayed the fright from Hanoi VII Modal verbs 1.You must write the answers on one side of the paper only 2.Somebody must something for these poor men 3.Nam can answer most of the questions 4.You must collect four bottles of water 5.You should open the wine about an hour before you use it 6.You mustn't use this machine after 5.30 pm 7.No one could help him 8.They can't sell food on the sidewalk 9.The IBM company may offer my sister a job soon 10.They should announce that news as soon as possible 11.People must repair that old buiding 12.The students may elect Phong their leader 13.The athletes might visit some interesting places after SeaGames 14.They can solve the problem in just minutes 15.You should finish your homework before you go to bed VIII Causative form 1.They have just repaired my car 2.They will build her house next month 3.Lan is going to cut my hair 4.They are servicing my car 5.They are testing her eyes today IX Yes – No question: Do they teach English here? Will you invite her to your wedding party? Did the teacher give some exercises? Is she going to write a poem? Have they changed the window of the laboratory? Is she making big cakes for the party? Has Tom finished the work? Are the police making inquires about the thief? Must we finish the test before ten? 10 Will buses bring the children home? X Wh – questions: Why didn’t they help him? How many games has the team played? Where people speak English? Who are they keeping in the kitchen? How can they open this safe? What books are people reading this year? How did the police find the lost man? Who looked after the children for you? How long have they waited for the doctor? What time can the boys hand in their papers? XI Sentences with two objects: The teacher gave each of us two exercise books Someone will tell him that news They have sent enough money to these poor boys They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote 5 They paid me a lot of money to the job XII.Sentences with verbs of reporting: People believe that 13 is an unlucky number They declared that she won the competition They know that English is an international language People think that Jack London’s life and writings represent the American love of adventure They say that John is the brightest student in class They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack They reported that the troops were coming People believed that the earth stood still XIII Sentences with verbs “Continue and Begin” We’ll continue to use this computer They began to plant rubber trees in big plantations People can continue to enjoy natural resources People will continue to drink Coca – Cola in the 21 st century American people begin to love football XIV Sentences with Phrasal verbs: They gave up the research after three hours Someone should look into the matter Don’t speak until someone speaks to you A neighbor is looking after the children Your story brings back pleasant memories XV Sentences with verbs of perception: I have heard her sing this song several times People saw him steal your car The teacher is watching them work He won’t let you that silly thing again People don’t make the children work hard They made him work all day The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag The terrorists made the hostages lie down Police advise drivers to use an alternative route 10 She helps me to all these difficult exercises XVI Sentences of order: Open your book Take off your hat Don’t that silly thing again Let’s tell them about it Don’t let the other see you XVII Sentences with “Advise, Beg, Order, Urge, Agree, Decide, …” She advised me to sell that house They begged us to help him 3 He orders us to clean the floor He recommends me to the job She urged him to visit her parents as soon as possible * Một số tập tham khảo thêm I Complete the following sentences with the correct form/ tense of the verb in the bracket 1.That proposal (cosider) by the members right now 2.Not much (say) about the matter since that time 3.Less than half of the cans of paint (use) up to now 4.More classes in English (list) in the catalogue next fall 5.A second coat of paint (spread) over that surface tomorrow 6.At this time, much attention (devote) to that problem 7.Only 25 new students (admit) into the department in 2003 8.We (treat) very kinly by our hosts last Saturday 9.A new textbook (publish) by that company next year 10.Coffee (serve) to the guests about 10 minutes from now 11.The report ( not examine) by a committee of experts yet 12.One of the first flying machines (design) (1) by Leonardo da Vinci The first real plane (build) (2) by the Wright brothers in 1903 Planes soon (become) (3) more common, and they (use) (4) in World War I In 1919 letters (fly) (5) across the Atlantic for the first time Other ways of using planes (find) (6) too Passengers (carry) (7) on regular flights, also in 1919 in the same year, the first international passenger flights (begin) (8) between London and Paris Airline service developed fast In 1925 the first hot meals for passengers (provide) (9) by a French airline The first stewardess (employ) (10) by an American airline in 1937 II.Rewrite each of the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same You must this exercise carefully This exercise 2.Has anybody told you what to do? Have you ? 3.There has been a considerable improvement in industry recently A considerable improvement 4.They haven't decided the exact time of the match yet The exact time 5.These books were published a long time ago They 6.The flight has been canceled because of the bad weather The bad weather 7.How long have they done their work? How long has ? 8.Did you your homework perfectly? Was ? 9.The council leader awarded the first prize to the Mekong team The first prize 10.Was this symphony written by Mozart? Did ? 11.My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few days ago Someone 12.Ba invited Liz to the rice-cooking festival Liz 13.They didn't show the design to anyone The design 14.Rice isn't planted in that country People 15.Shakespeare is known as the most famous English playwright They 16.Mr Tan may be elected the President of the company They 17.When was this car bought? When did ? 18.The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front door They 19.The studium is being reconstructed for the next Olympic Games They 20.They have proved that there is no life on the moon It 21.They owe a lot of money to the bank A lot of 22.People said that he was a spy in World War II He 23.They say that there is plenty of oil off own coast There 24.They are opening the case again because they're not satisfied with the verdict The case 25.Someone has to write the history of the European Community The history 26.Only men were allowed to compete in the ancient Olympic Games They 27.When we arrived home, we found that someone had broken one of our windows One of 28.Someone was cleaning the windows while I was there The windows 29.They cleaned her best skirt yesterday She 30.Lan was accepted as a member of the Y & Y club in the last meeting They 31 They can’t make tea with cold water Tea 32 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant All the workers 33 Somebody has taken some of my books away Some of my books 34 They will hold the meeting before May Day The meeting 35 They have to repair the engine of the car The engine of the car 36 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures The window 37 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday A lot of money 38 They may use this room for the classroom This room 39 The teacher is going to tell a story A story 40 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife The cake 41 The children looked at the women with a red hat The women 42 They have provided the victims with food and clothing The victims 43 People speak English in almost every corner of the world English 44 You mustn’t use this machine after 5:00 p.m This machine 45 Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name Lucky 46 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board After 47 You must clean the wall before you paint it The wall 48 They told the new pupil where to sit The new pupil 49 I knew that they had told him of the meeting I knew 50 Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness I 51 No one believes his story His story 52 We can never find him at home for he is always on the move He 53 Science and Technology have completely changed human life Human life 54 John used to visit Mr Cole at weekends Mr Cole 55 Smoke filled the room The room 56 These exercises were done well They 57 This dress must be washed in cold water You 58 No mistakes have been made in his composition They 59 His painting will be exhibited for the first time by New Arts gallery New Arts gallery 60 This house was built 100 years ago They 61 These artificial flowers are made of silk They 62 The lessons are being written by the students now The students 63 This job has to be done at once You 64 These animals at the zoo are fed twice a day They 65 The operation is going to be performed by French doctors French doctors 66 All the arrangements have been made They 67 When was this radio manufactured? When 68 They couldn’t be found anywhere People 69 Is mathematics taught in this school? Do 70 Please wait here while your luggage is being examined Please 71 How are candles made? How 72 For a long time the earth was believed to be flat They 73 Were you taught how to apply this theory by your teacher? Did 74 Apples are said to be good for our health People 75 Don’t let the dog be teased by the children Don't 76 It is believed that red is the symbol of luck People 77 What have been done to help the poor in this city? What ? 78 The jewelry must have been stolen while she was out Someone 79 Where did the treasure use to be hidden by pirates in the old time? Where ? 80.Noone has done the work The work The end