PHAN TlCH D I TRUYEN MOT SO TfNH TRANG CHAT Ll/ONG CUA GIONG D l/A CH U0T DIA PHl/ONG Dl/CNG THANH Nguyen TrUOng Giang1, Vu Van Khue1, Ly Nfl Cam Duyen1, Le BUc Dung1 TOM TAT O Viet Nam difa chuot co lich sit trdng trot tit lau ddi Nhieu giong dita chuot dia phitctng ditdc gieo va giCf giong tit bao ddi mang nhieu dac diem quy Tai Binh Dinh hien gieo giong dtla chuot thdm De sit dong nguon gen thorn phuc vu nghien cdu chon tao giong dita chuot c6 huong vi cua cac giong dia phuong, khac pfaoc nhitdc diem vi dang d qua thi can phai hieu ro ban chat di truyen cua cac tinh trang tren Hai dong b6 me naog cap tilth trang titOng phan nhau: Dong thdm co la mam dang (Duong Thanh) va dong kh6ng thorn vdi la mam kbdng dang (S20), duqc sit dung lam vat lieu tao cac the he F , F2, BCr Ket qua phan tich di truyen dUa tren kiem d n h Q ti-binh phuong (y2) cho thay, mui thorn d ca la va qua cua giong dUa chuot dia phuong Duong Thanh mot gtn b n qoy dinh Vi dang la mam phan ly theo quy luat troi hoan toan gen quy dinh Tinh trang vi dang la mam n n n i tfacfm d qua cua giong dUa chuot dia phuong Duong Thanh di truyen doc lap vdi T i U n c Di truyen, dUa chupt, miii thorn, vi dang la mam l i t * Khna hoc Ky thuat Nong nghiep Duyen hai Nam Trung bo Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 I DAT VAN DE d Viet Nam dtfa chuot co lich sP trot tit lau ddi Khu vpc mien nui phia Bac Viet Nam la ncri phat sinh cay dila chuot (Nguyen Van Hien, 2000), hien van dang ton tai loai hoang dai (C hardwickii) diipc coi la to tien cua dPa chuot Nhieu giong diia chuot dia phtfdng diipc gieo va giuf giong tii bao ddi nhii diia chuot ban dia cua dan toe H’Mong (diia chuot H’Mong), diia Man cua dan toe Dao, diia Tay, diia Nirng Tai Binh Dinh hien gieo giong diia chuot thctm Giong diia chuot dia phiiPng co dac tinh thich nghi cao, kha nang sinh triiPng phat trien va chong chiu sau benh hai tot, dac biet qua co mui thorn va hiiong vi dac triing Nhiing nang suat thap, kha nang bao quan kem, qua thiiPng bi dang dieu kien canh tac khong thuan lpi nen dien tich giong dac san dia phiidng cung dan thu hep Chi tieu quan nhat cua chat liipng qua diia chuot la khong co vi dang Chat gay dang Cucurbitacin diipc tim thay d hau het cac cay thuoc ho bau bi (Cucurbitaceae) Do dang cua dUa chuot phu thuoc vao dac diem di truyen cua giong cung nhii dieu kien trot (Yasutaka and Hideyuki, 2003; Bienz and Thornton, 1989) Ket qua nghien cPu cua Andeweg va Bruyn (1959) cho thay, vi dang gen troi Bi (Bitter) kiem soat, co mat gen bi la va qua dUa chuot khong co vi dang ke ca dieu kien bat thuan Mac du diia chuot la mot loai cay quan trong, nhiing gen quy dinh mui thorn diia chuot la kha hiem gap La va qua cua diia chuot co the co hiiong thorn cua diia dai (Pandanus amaryllifolius L), hoac hiiong nep (Oryza sativa L.), hay mui thorn cua dau nanh (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) va doi gap ca giong co miii hiiong cua cay cao liiong (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Mui hiiong tren la sp ket hop gifla cac hop chat hoa hoc de bay hoi 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2AP) Khi nghien ciiu di truyen cua giong diia chuot thorn PKT cua Thai Lan, Pramnoi va cong tac vien (2013) da di den ket luan rang tinh trang mui thorn cua giong diia chuot tren mot gen lan qui dinh va de xuat ky hieu la ^ r Mui thorn d cay la dac diem dac biet va co gia tri ldn Vi the viec tao cac giong thorn chat hipng la mot muc tieu chinh cac chiiOng trinh chon tao giong De sP dung nguon gen thorn phuc vu nghien cdu chon tao cac giong dPa chuot co hPOng vi cua cac giong dia phiiong, khac phuc nhiipc diem vi dang d qua thi can phai hieu ro ban chat di truyen cua cac tinh trang tren Xuat phat tP thpc te tren, chung toi tien hanh nghien cPu di truyen hPOng thorn va vi dang tren giong dPa chuot dia phPOng de lam co sd cho lai tao giong diia chuot chat liipng cao II VAT LIEU VA PHUCfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Vat lieu nghien cPu Vat lieu phuc vu cho nghien cPu di truyen tinh trang mui thorn va vi dang cua giong diia chuot dia phPOng bao gom: Giong dPa chuot thorn dia phiiong Diiong Thanh (thu thap tai thon DPOng Thanh - PhiiPc Thang - Tuy Phiidc - Binh Dinh) co la mam dang, dong diia chuot thuan S20 khong co mui thorn va la mam khong dang, to hop lai ($ Diiong Thanh x ^ S20), quan the F2 (DPcfng Thanh x S20)l, BCj $ (Diiong Thanh x S20) x $ DPOng Thanh Giong diia chuot thorn dia phPOng DPOng Thanh dPpc lam thuan bang tii thu bat buoc vu hen tiep trUdc lai tao hat F 2.2 PhPOng phap nghien cPu Thi nghiem dupe bo tri tuan tP khong nhac lai Khoang each trong: Hang each hang 75 cm, cay each cay 40 cm U cay dPa chudt, vi dang the hien ro nhat o la mam, co phan yeu hon P cac bo phan khac Do do, viec danh gia cay khong co vi dang dPpc thpc hien theo phPOng phap cam quan tren cac la mam PhPOng phap danh gia mui thorn: Lay g la (qua) tPOi ngoai ruong (tai thdi diem 30, 50 sau trong) cua tPng cay Cat nho tPng mau la (qua) nhPng doan dai mm, cho vao ong nghiem, ngam vcfi 10 mL dung dich KOH 1,7% Day kin ong nghiem bang giay nhom de P nhiet d6 phong vong 15 phut Sau danh gia mui thorn bang cam quan (Pramnoi et al., 2013) PhPOng phap xP ly so lieu: XP ly thong ke bang phan mem Excel 5.0 Danh gia ty le phan ly cac tinh trang bang phPOng phap Chi-binh phPOng (y2) cua Pearson (1900) 2.3 ThPi gian va dia diem nghien cPu Cac ca the cua cac dong bo me, F|5 F2 va BC, dPpc trong, danh gia vu Dong Xuan nam 2017 -2018 dieu kien nha lPdi thuoc Vien KHKT Nong nghiep Duyen hai Nam Trung bo III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Phan tich di truyen tin h trang vi dang la m i n cua giong dPa chuot dia phPOng DPOng Thanh Ty le phan ly theo tinh trang vi dang la mam cua cac quan the Fj, F2va BC] dPOc trinh bay tai bong 25 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 giong mang la mam dang thu dupe quan the BCj co la mam dang NhU vay vi dang la mam la gen troi quy dinh Khi lai giong difa chuot co la mam dang vdi dong bo co la mam khong dang cho ket qua toan bo lai vcfi la mam dang Ket qua lai hoi giao gifla F vdi Bang Phan tich phan ly tinh trang vi dang la mam cua cac quan the dUa chuot XT Bo (me)/Quan the So cay phan tich SU phan ly theo vi dang la mam Ty le phan ly ly thuyet Dang Khdng dang Dang: Khdng dang r P Duong Thanh 9 :0 - - S20 9 :1 - - Fj (DUOng Thanh x S20) 9 :0 - - F2 (DUOng Thanh x S20) 410 304 106 3:1 0,16 0,5 < P < 0,7 BCj (DUOng Thanh x S20) x DUOng Thanh 18 18 1:0 - - Quan the F2 thu diipc sau tU thu phan cay Fj cho ket qua phan ly nhii sau: 304 cay co la mam dang: 106 cay co la mam khong dang (Ty le phan ly 2,87 dang: khong dang) tiiPng diiPng vdi ty le phan ly ly thuyet la dang : khong dang Vcfi bac df = 1, tri so x2thpc te tinh diipc la 0,16 vdi mdc xac suat sai lam la 0,5 < P < 0,7 nho hon nhieu so vdi tri so X2005tra bang la 3,84 Vi vay gia thuyet dUa hoan toan dppc chap nhan Dieu co nghia, vi dang la mam d giong diia chuot dia phUOng Diiong Thanh gen troi quy dinh 3.2 Phan tich di truyen tin h trang m ui thorn cua giong diia chuot dia phPOng DUOng Thanh La va qua cua giong diia chuot dia phppng DPdng Thanh deu co mui thdm, la va qua cua dong dUa chuot S20 khong co mui thorn Khi lai giong dUa chuot dia phuong co mui thorn vdi dong S20 khong co mui thorn d la va qua thu dupe 100% cay F khong co mui thorn d ca la va qua, chPng to gen quy dinh mui thorn la gen lan Bang Phan tich phan ly tinh trang mui thorn d la va qua cua cac quan the dUa chuot TT Quan the So cay phan tich SU phan ly theo mPc thorn d la SU phan ly theo mPc thorn of qua Ty le phan ly ly thuyet Thdm Khdng thdm Thdm Khdng thdm Thdm; Khdng thdm t P Duong Thanh 9 1:0 - - S20 9 :1 - - F, (Duong Thanh x S20) 9 :1 - - F, (DUcfng Thanh x S20) BC (Duong Thanh x S20) x Du