Hỏi và đáp: về 30 năm chiến tranh giải phóng ở Việt Nam (1945 – 1975) - Phần 1

Ba mươi năm chiến tranh giải phóng là hơn 10.000 ngày đêm, mà suốt những năm tháng đó, trên đất nước Việt Nam không lúc nào ngớt tiếng súng. Bởi vậy, cuốn sách “Hỏi và đáp: về 30 năm chiến tranh giải phóng ở Việt Nam (1945 – 1975)” phản ánh phần nhỏ về 1 cuộc chiến tranh vệ quốc vĩ đại của dân tộc để góp phần giáo dục truyền thống dân tộc, bản lĩnh con người Việt Nam và giữ gìn bản sắc dân tộc trước sự giao thoa với các nền văn hóa thế giới. Cuốn sách được chia thành 2 phần ebook, ebook phần 1 hỏi đáp về cuộc kháng chiến chống Thực dân Pháp xâm lược. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.

NHA XUAT BAN MONO BANDOC 3^4 H P ' ^ GOP Y KIEN, P H E BINH GOP PHAN T I M H I E U VE 30 NAM CHIEN TRAl GIAI PHONG VIET NAM • (1945-1975) HOI VA DAP THO'VJ^NTiNHBWH THUAN /Aixm/ AO 355(V)(09)+9(V)2:(098) 132 - 0 QDND - 20i)9 NHA X U A T BAN QUAN DOI NHAN DAN Ha Noi - 2009 LOINOIDAU Nhom bien soan: CAO OAC TRUNG (Chu IRAN N G p C DOAN NGUYIN THUY cue bien) Dd hdn 30 nam ke tU ngdy dan toe Viet Nam gidnh diCdc doc lap vd thong nhat dd't niidc Til gidi phong den nay, dd c6 rat nhieu cuon sdch cua cdc tdc gid vd ngodi niCdc noi ve cuoc chien tranh 30 nam gidi phong cua dan toe Viet Nam Tuy nhien nhieu dieu kien khdch quan nen nhieu siC kien, nhdn vdt, van de chiCa diidc nhdc tdi, hodc nhdc tdi chita day du Tit hat dau cong cugc hod binh kien thiet dd't nitdc nam 1975 cho den nay, van de lich sit chien tranh cdch mang dd ditdc cdc nhd sit hoc, cdc nhd nghien ci2u quan sit, ngoai giao, cdc citu chien binh, nhitng ngitdi cuoc tie'p tuc lam sang to Titng c6 rat nhieu y kien, bdi vie't, hoi ky ditdc dang rdi rdc tren cdc sdch, bdo, tap chi chuyen di Tuy nhien, de tim vd hieu them nhitng sit kien can biet do, dot vdi ban doc, khong phdi Id mot viec de dang Nhdn dip ky niem 65 ndm ngdy thdnh lap Quan dgi nhdn dan Viet Nam, vdi y titdng situ tdm, tap hop vd bien sog,n nhitng sit kien it ditgc nhdc tdi hodc chita ditdc bien rgng rdi, Nhd xud't bdn Quan dgi nhdn dan xin trdn trgng gidi thieu vdi ban dgc cuon "G6p phdn nam chie'n tranh gidi phong d Viet Nam tint hieu ve 30 (1945-1975)-H6i vd ddp" Trong tuyen kien quan trgng, di/cfc trinh chgn, toi c6 iCu tien nhitng sU it ditdc nhac tdi, hoac can biet rd hctn vd bdy di/di dang thai gian diin chung Phan thvtnhi't "Hoi - ddp" sdp xep theo thvt tiC bien lich s^, nhdm Idm cho cdc si/ kien sinh dgng, ngdn ggn vd de nhd C U C K H A N G CHlfiN CH6NG THirc D A N PHAP XAM LLTOC Bo cue cuon sdch gom chUOng: Chuang I : Cage khdng chie'n chong thuc dan Chitcfng II: Cupc chie'n tranh chong de'quo'c My xdm Ba miCai ndm ngdy dem, chie'n tranh md suot nhUng gidi phong ndm thdng Id hon dnh phdn the gi6i, Bac H o da trinh bay lap trudng cua C h i n h 10.000 p h u ta ve cuoc chie'n tranh n h u the nao? do, tren dd't nitdc rat nhd euge tranh ve quo'c vi dg.i ciia ddn toe de gop phdn truyen thong ddn toe, bdn llnh eon ngiidi Viet Nam dung chie'n gido due vd giii 1: N a m 1946, t h U c d a n P h a p no s i i n g gay h a n of N a m Bo h o n g cxfdp nu6c ta mot I a n niia T r u d c d u l u a n liidc Viet Nam khong luc ndo ngdt tie'ng sung Bdi vgy, ngi cuon sdch chi ed the phdn Cau hoi Phdp Traldi: Triidc cau h o i cua H a n g t h o n g t a n M y Roi-td va bao N h a n dao t h a n g n a m 1947, Bac H o da t r a Idi gin bdn sac ddn toe trUde sU giao thoa vdi cdc nen vdn hod phong v a n cac phong v i e n , cho the gi6i biet ro lap trUdng the gidi cua C h i n h p h u t a ^ Mae nhitng dii nhiCng ngiidi bien sogn trinh dd c6 nhieu ed' gang c6 hg.n nen cuon sdch kho trdnh nhi/ng sai sot, chung toi rat mong khoi ban dgc li/cfng thi2 vd dong gop y kien Hoi: V i dieu k i e n nao t h i C h i n h p h u V i e t N a m chuan b i ngifng chie'n t r a n h va b i t d a u l a i n h i i n g biicic d a m p h a n v6i C h i n h p h u Phap? Tra Idi: N h a n d a n V i e t N a m c h i m o n g m u o n dUdc cong Xin trdn trgng gidi thieu cuo'n sdch ciing ban dgc! NHOM B I E N SOAN n h a n sU t h o n g n h a t d a n toe cua m i n h ( N a m Bo, T r u n g Bo Theo "Thi^n chi hoa giai cOa Viet Nam chie'n tranh Phap - Vi&t ft 946-1954;, Tap chf Ljch SLf quan SLf so 3-1994 Hoi: V i e t N a m c6 q u a n t a m den n h i i n g n g i i d i Phap b i va BSc bo) va doc lap - k h o n g mong muo'n gi h d n the nUk ' K h i nhijtng muc t i e u dat diJdc, c h u n g t o i skn b i t l a m t u b i n h khong? ngCfng ban va hoa hoan lap tile Hoi: sang ^ N e u n h i i n h f l n g dieu k i e n la k h o n g the chap n h a n dutdc doi vdi p h i a Phap t h i V i e t N a m se theo duoi diidng h a n h dong nao? Trd Idi: Co, ho dUdc doi xvi tot hdn n h i e u so vdi n h i i n g n g i i d i V i e t N a m nam t r o n g tay Phap bay gid C h u n g t o i da n h a n difdc r a t n h i e u t h i f cam dn cua t u b i n h Phap ^ T r a Idi: N e u nhxi n h i i n g dieu k h o a n cua c h u n g t o i Cau hoi2: Hay ke n h i i n g gi ban biet ve phong trao "Mua dong b i n h si" va chiec ao "tran thu"? k h o n g diidc p h i a Phap chap n h a n , t h i dvfdng h a n h dong n h a t de theo duoi la tiep tuc dau t r a n h if Trim- Hoi: T h a i cua V i e t N a m doi v6i viec t r o n g t a i p h a n T h a n g 10 n a m 1946, C h u t i c h Ho C h i M i n h p h a t dong x\i t r o n g cuoc x u n g dot r a sao? N e u n h i f yeu cau lap p h o n g trao may ao r e t cho chien si Ngay 25 t h a n g 10 n a m t r o n g t a i p h a n xxi t h i nxiSc nao hoac n h o m nU6c nao V i e t 1946, U y ban v a n dong " M u a dong b i n h si" d T r u n g Udng N a m coi la p h u hdp n h a t doi vdi n h i e m v u nay? va cac t i n h t h a n h pho" difdc t h a n h lap M d dau phong trao Trd Idi: N e u Phap k h o n g the giai quyet x u n g dot bang la le " M u a dong b i n h si" H o i l i e n hiep quoc d a n V i e t cac g i a i phap hoa b i n h t h i C h i n h p h u V i e t N a m se t h i n h N a m to chiic t a i N h a h a t L d n t h a n h H a N o i T r o n g cau t d i L i e n Hdp quoc Co le n h o m n a m nu6c la t h i c h hdp buoi le, C h u t i c h Ho C h i M i n h dem chiec ao sdi d u y n h a t n h a t doi vdi viec p h a n x i i ciia m i n h va bo q u a n ao mot hdp tac xa may mac bieu, Hoi: X u n g dot h i e n c6 a n h hifdng n g h i e m t r o n g t d i n e n k i n h te dat nufdc n h u the nao? Trd Idi: X u n g dot c6 a n h h i i d n g n g h i e m t r o n g t d i nen gop vao quy v a n dong " M u a dong b i n h si" Xuc dong triidc t i n h t h i i d n g yeu chien si ciia Chia t i c h Ho C h i M i n h , n h i e u ngvfdi dan H a N o i deu m u o n m u a chiec ao de u n g ho each m a n g va l a m v a t k y n i e m G i a i quyet thoa dang k i n h te cua dat niidc So l i i d n g tong san p h a m bao gom ca nguyen vong ciia da so q u a n chung, U y b a n v a n dong san p h a m cong nghiep da g i a m xuong mot p h a n m i i d i so " M t i a dong b i n h si" T r u n g ifdng da t i e n h a n h h i n h t h i i c vdi trifdc chien t r a n h Dac biet, san p h a m t h a n da va san ban dau gia Cuoi cung ong T r i i d n g V a n T h i n 30 t u o i , mot x u a t Ilia gao da g i a m xuong n h i e u T h e m vao do, n h i e u c h u h i e u b a n h ngot, l a m can bo t u y e n t r u y e n d H a N o i da dan thUdng da b i giet h a i , n h i e u t h a n h pho, l a n g mac da t h d n g va m u a dUdc chiec ao sdi ciia Bac Ho vdi gia 3.500 b i bom dan Phap pha h u y dong Dong DUdng V d i so t i e n t i i d n g diidng gia 100 cay vang luc bay gid, Uy ban "Mua dong binh si" da mua vai va may dUdc hang tram ao am tang bo doi Trong phong trao "Mua dong binh s i " , Quan nhu Cue cCing vdi cac nha may ci pho" Hang Trorig (Ha Noi) nghien cijfu san xuat ao tran thii,mac mua dong, gian di am ap lai thuan tien k h i chien dau Kieu ao tran t h u ddi nhanh chong diidc bien rong r a i nhan dan va diidc can bo, chien si Ve quoc doan rat ifa chuong Phong Cung thdi gian, Quan nhu Cue da chu dong phoi hdp vdi Hoi nong dan cijfu quoc to chiic cac nhom may quan ao, dong giay, dep, san xuat mot so' mat hang bang da cho bo doi Nhieu cd sd may mac d Ha Noi dvfdc Quan nhu Cue dat thau de bao dam quan ao cho Ve quoc doan Den cuoi nam 1946, Quan nhu Cue da dat thau diidc 58.400 bo quan ao Ve quoc doan, 12.500 quan ao sooc, 11.000 chiec man, dac biet la 59.000 ao tran t h u trao toan dan may ao tran t h u ung ho bo doi d i l n soi Trong hai cuoc khang chien, ao tran t h u la mot phan noi, manh me va thiJc sU t r d mot cuoc van dong tieu chuan quan trang mua dong cho can bo, chien si Ao quan chung rong khSp d moi nganh, moi gidi Tai nhieu dia phiidng, cac tang Idp nhan dan, doan the Cilu quoc quyen gop diidc nhieu loai quan ao am, chan man, quan ao, vai bit tat, giay va tien Nhieu chi em phu n i i t i i tay dan ao va theu tren ao nhiJng Idi to long kinh men va dong may bling hai 16p vai, giiJa la bong, cac dufdng may kieu nhflng qua tram Ao khong c6 tay va co, khuy cai ben siidn va vai Bdi vay, ao tran t h u giQ am ngvic va liJng ma v&n khong anh hiidng den hai canh tay, thuan tien k h i lao dong va chien dau vien ngiidi chien si Hoi phu nQ keu goi chi em phu nQ hang hai tham gia Cau hoi 3: Thang n a m 1946, tai P h a p , mot b u o i tiep dai the tai n h a rieng cua Xanh-tof-ny, mot cai b3t cuoc van dong va coi la mot hoat dong yeu niidc cua tay k e m cau noi h a i h u c cua A n - b e Sa-ro da k h i e n hoi Chi tinh rieng hai 16 va 17 thang 11 nam Bac H o cxidi v u i ve, cau noi la gi? 1946, nhan dan Thvi Ha Noi da quyen gop diidc tren 30 van dong va mot so len, bong du lam tren 50.000 loi bong Tral&i: va v6 ao tran thu Nhieu hen doan thd may ciia An-be Sa-ro tCfng hai Ian la Toan quyen Dong Difdng, da xung phong dam nhan khau may hang van bo quan ao hai Ian lam Bo triidng thuoc dia, tiJCng rao riet truy na Bac va ao tran t h u khong lay tien Ao tran thu, mot san pham Ho, k h i Bac la chang nien each mang tre tuoi cua t r i tue tap the, rat phii hdp vdi dieu kien Viet Nam da Nguyen A i Quoc dang hoat dong t a i Phap Con An-be trd hinh anh dep ve anh "Bo doi Cu Ho" ciia mot Sa-ro, nam 1946 la Uy vien Cong hoa Phap tai Bac Viet thdi oanh liet chong thuc dan Phap Nam, la re cua Xanh-td-ny 10 T h a n g n a m 1946, Bac Ho c6 m a t t a i Phap de dam p h a n ve Hiep d i n h hoa b i n h d V i e t N a m T r o n g cuon sach (khac Ixia) M y che tao, bay c h i each m a t da't 150m, t h a y n h a u ban pha doc chiing H a n g Bong, H a n g G a i CO t e n Doi mat v6i Ho Chi Minh cua Xanh-td-ny, ong t a ke theo h i i d n g Ciia N a m , bang sung may 12,7 ly va t i e u phao ve buoi tiep dai do: 20 l y "Rat n h i e u n h a c h i n h t f i , d i i moi x u hifdng den d\i va Chap h a n h l e n h t r e n , mot to chien dau lap tiJtc mang an can von va x u n g q u a n h C h i i t i c h nUdc V i e t N a m D a n k h a u t r u n g l i e n Bd-rd-no c i i n g n a m b a n g dan, moi b a n g c h u Cong hoa K h i t o i gidi t h i e u Cu v6i An-be Sa-ro, ong 100 v i e n , chay len san thuldng ngoi n h a h a i t a n g so 18 giap bat t a y n g i i d i chien si lao t h a n h va noi: "A, cuoi cung p h i a sau L i i d n g V a n Can de don b i n may bay dich, la ong day M, ong " t i f d n g cu6p" gia K h i t o i n g h i r i n g m i n h mot dong c h i khac c i i n g vac k h a u Rd-manh-tong, mot loai da bo mot p h a n 16n cuoc ddi cua m i n h de chay theo dang Sling t r i f d n g M y nong dai, n a n g h d n 4kg, diidng d a n r a t sau ong day" L d i noi h o m h i n h ay h i n h n h i i da l a m cho v i cang, CO the sat t h i f d n g n g i i d i ci each 800m K h i ba ngifdi l a n h t u Bac V i e t v u i ve"' l e n san thiJdng t i m diidc bd t i f d n g de dat k h a u t r u n g hen t h i may bay dich da b i n xong loat d a n t h i i n h a t , dang Cau hoi 4: Chie'c may bay dau tien cua giac Phap bi bo doi ta b i n rofi or Ha Noi? vao d u n g t a m , k h a u t r u n g h e n b i n l i e n k h o a n g 20 vien Do chvfa CO k i n h n g h i e m , k h a u c i i n h i m vao d a u may Trildi: bay r o i bop c6 nen d a n c h i sUdt sau duoi may bay B i n I a n Do la chiec may bay Spitfire cua t h i i c dan Phap Sau Tet D i n h H d i 1947, dich bat dau d u n g may bay bay t h a p , ban pha cac k h u vilc noi t a chiem giQ L e n h cua T r u n g doan T h u cho bo doi dUdc dCing sung bo b i n h de ban t r a may bay dich H o i siing bo b i n h tot nha't ciia t a la t r u n g h e n ban dan 7,62 ly, sung t r i f d n g da so la cua T a u T u d n g va M y , ban d a n cd 7,9 ly Ngay t h a n g n a m 1947, dich d u n g h a i may bay k h u t r u e chien dau l i i d n vong t r d l a i de b i n tiep loat khac D d i cho may bay Spitfire h a i , sung n g i m don dau t d i t h a n may bay, dUdng dan l a i d i trvfdc canh quat mot quang D e n ddt liJdn vong thijf tiJ, k h i chiec d i dau v i i a t d i dau H a n g Bong t h i diidng dan diidc c h i n h l a i , chi n g i m don dau t h a n r o i n h a dan, k h a u Bd-rd-no r u n g len b a n bat T h a n may bay toe l i i a , p h u t k h o i den ngom va b i t d a u boc chay rUc Theo da, no loang choang lao r a p h i a bd song Hong, t h a p d a n r o i m a t h u t Luc ay khoang gid chieu Horn sau, t h a n g n a m 1947, cap t r e n t h o n g bao Theo "Doi mSt vdi Ho Chi Minh" J Xanh-td-ny, Tap chi Ljch suf quan sir so 5-1988 12 chiec k h u t r u e Spitfire da r d i xuong mot b a i eat d giQa song Hong, doi dien v6i ben Pha Den, la cang H a N o i 13 Ngay 11, nhCfng chiec t a u chien dich d i dau lot vao k h u Cau hoi 5: Tran danh dau tien tren song L6 vao Thu - Dong phuc k i c h ciia T r u n g doi 175 Tiep do, t i i 18, nam 1947, ly nao khien phao binh ta phai dat vxic phao sat mep niidc? chung tiep tuc d i qua cac t r a n dia phuc k i c h cua cac t r u n g doi 175, 200 v a 225 ci P h a n D i i , L a Hoang, Doan H u n g , Tri Idi: T h a n g 10 n a m 1947, B i n h Ca, K h o a n Bo, ta't ca n a m I a n T r o n g n a m Ian do, q u a n Phap md cuoc h a n h q u a n ch6p nhoang bang diidng t h u y , difdng bo va n h a y du diJdng khong, t a n cong len Bic Can, hong "bat song Bo c h i phao b i n h t a da no sung, the n h i i n g doan t a u dich v&n an toan, c h u n g den difdc dich la T u y e n Q u a n g va cac bai bo, d u n g theo ke hoach d i n h trUdc h u y V i e t M i n h " Bo c h i h u y K h u 10 c6 n h i e m v u d u n g T i n dich lot qua l u d i phao b i n h t r e n song L6 cua bo doi phao b i n h d a n h chan dich t r e n song L6 L i i c l i i d n g phao t a t a l a m ca m a t t r a n xon xao Theo T r u n g doi t r i i d n g T r u n g gom ba t r u n g doi, bo t r i cd dong ven song t r e n doan tvL doi 175 t r i n h bay t h i n g u y e n n h a n la k h i p h a t M e n t a u V i e t T r i den B i n h Ca: dich sap t d i t r a n dia, a n h em m d i bat d a u x u a t k i c h bd - T r u n g doi 175 c6 mot k h a u sdn phao 75 l y va mot k h a u 25 l y - T r u n g doi 200 c6 mot k h a u phao n g u y e n la loai cao xa 75 l y song N h i f n g chiia lap xong h a i k h a u phao t h i dich da vao chdm t r a n dia, bo doi h o i hop m a t b i n h t i n h nen t a u dich da d i n g a n g qua t r a n dia, phao c h i k i p b a n h a i p h a t v u o t duoi Con T r u n g doi 200 dat phao t r e n doi L a Hoang, each - T r u n g doi 225 c6 mot k h a u t h u y phao 75 l y (loai phao song k m , bcii vay k h i t a u dich qua phao ta p h a i chuc nong gan t r e n t a u chien) v a m o t k h a u phao t e n la "Luc T i n h " , x u o n g de ban H a i p h a t d a n d a u t i e n no sat t h a n t a u , den bcii cac c h i t i e t cua k h a u phao la chien Idi p h a m tijf p h a t t h U ba t h i d a n hoc Chiec thiJt n h a t chay t h i n g , den sau t i n h don ghep l a i Bo doi phao b i n h m a n g vac phao tu: Phuc Yen, X u a n chiec thvt h a i t h i dich p h a t h i e n t r a n dia ta, t a u c h u n g lap tdc t a t n g a n g cap bd va quan T r u n g doi t r i i d n g lo dich ciidp phao nen l e n h thao phao, chon nong D i c h n h a y l e n Canh, H a Dong h a n h q u a n len, cac t r a n dia da sSn sang bd, nhUng sd d u n g p h a i m i n cua d u k i c h nen c h i ban v u vd chien dau Ngay t h a n g 10 n a m 1947, t h u y q u a n Phap chijf k h o n g d a m t i e n sau vao gom 40 t a u cac loai r d i ben H a N o i , Sdn Tay ngiidc song T r o n g t r a n d a n h cua T r u n g doi 225 t a i B i n h Ca, k h i H o n g len V i e t T r i L e n h cua Bo c h i h u y K h u 10: p h a i be k h a u t h i i y phao b a n diidc mot p h a t t h i nong guc xuong, gay bang difdc "gong k i m " cua dich t r e n song L6 n g u y e n n h a n la h a i banh cua k h a u phao t a tvt che tao, 14 k h i ban k h o n g c h i u n o i siic giat nen gay gap Con k h a u chiec t a u dich c h i b i thUdng nang, k h o n g c h i m b a n Q u a n phao "Luc T i n h " , a n h e m d i lay dan chifa k i p ve nen t a het dan nen thao phao r u t k h o i t r a n dia k h o n g ban diidc P h a i den t r a n sau, 24 t h a n g 10 n a m 1947 t a i ben V i n h i i n g t r a n d a n h k h o n g t h a n h cong nay, can bo va Doan HCing, v6i nhiJng b a i hoc k i n h n g h i e m c6 dUdc tii b i n h SI da hop n i t k i n h n g h i e m Sau n h i e u cuoc hop, a n h tran danh vd Igng K h o a n Bo nay, phao b i n h t a da co difdc em ban bac thao l u a n va di den n h a t t r i : p h a i dat phao sat mot t r a n t h a n g 16n, ma cae h a n g t h o n g t a n PhUdng Tay bd song va T r u n g doi 175 se d a n h mot t r a n t h i diem De de goi l a Thdm hoa song L6 phong dich p h a n l i n g bo cifdp phao, m o t t i e u doan bo b i n h cung 30 d u k i c h dia p h i i d n g phoi hdp bo t r i gan t r a n Cau hoi 6: T r u n g doan nao k h a u phao dat each n h a u 100m, t a i r i a l a n g K h o a n Bo ven song D i a h i n h n d i day la b a i p h u sa, hoa m a u x a n h tvfdi, k h o a n g each tH phao den giiia song c h i chCfng 800m B u o i t r i f a , may bay dich t r i n h sat doc song, sau k h o a n g gid t h i tie xa, h a i chiec t a u v a n tai-do bo L C T lot vao t r a n dia phuc k i c h cua t a K h i dich each t r a n d i a k h o a n g 1.000m, k h a u doi phao 25 l y cua t a voi v a n g no sung tru6c, nen k h a u 75 ly buoc p h a i quay nong b a m theo de no sung H a i t a u dich t r u n g dan, l i e n cap ben sang ben k i a song la l a n g A n Lao, T r a n g Xa C h u n g n h a y vao lang, vvfa l a t r a n h dan vijfa t h i n g t a y cii6p pha, giet choc K h a u phao Trung doan SongLffl dia T r a n d a n h phuc k i c h diidc d a n theo t h e t r a n m i : h a i d U d c m a n g ten Traldi: Ngay t h a n g n a m 1947, T r u n g doan 112 diide l e n h cd dong ve T u y e n Q u a n g d a n h dich Cae t i e u doan cua t r u n g doan dildc bo sung q u a n so", t r a n g b i , r o i doi p h i e n h i e u t h a n h T r u n g doan 87 T r o n g cuoc h a n h q u a n 16n d a n h len V i e t Bac, quan Phap cho mot canh theo d i i d n g bo t i e n len L a n g Sdn, Cao Bang, mot canh theo d i i d n g t h u y ngiidc song H o n g , song L6; mot canh khae n h a y dvi chiem t h i x a Bac Can, Chd M i , Chd Don Bo T u l e n h L i e n k h u 10 giao n h i e m v u cho T r u n g doan 87 cung eac ddn v i b a n c h a n d a n h canh q u a n diidng t h u y cua dich t r e n song L6 T r u n g doan Lao H a m m ban dUdc 30 v i e n t r i i n g t a u , chiec t a u sap c h i m t h i cung q u a n d a n Lao Cai, H a G i a n g chan d a n h canh q u a n phao t a cung vC(a het dan D a n cong lap tile tiep v i e n dUdc dUdng bo L i e n k h u 3, T i e u doan 11 v a cae d a i doi doc v i e n dan cuoi ciing, n h i i n g l a loai d a n no t r e n k h o n g , lap difdc l e n h cua Bo, len phoi hdp chien dau v i eac ddn v i phao t h u cat ngoi no cho tarn no i l n g vcii giay v a ban b a n chan dich d M a t t r a n T h a i N g u y e n , Bac Can Cong tiep D a n no g i o n t r e n bopng, diet t h e m mot so dich H a i viec c h u a n b i chien ^-.rif^ng VP ^"^g h r r i n g pJia THi; V»|N TINHSINHTHUAN cae ddn v i r a t k h a n t r i f d n g , quan t a t r a n h t h u t i i n g gid t t o g dan d a n h giac c6 \\ic Iiidng via t r a n g l a m nong cot cua ta p h u t de c h u a n b i chien dau, n h a t la bam nkm dich, t r i n h da pha t a n cuoc t i e n cong T h u - D o n g n a m 1947 cua giac sat dia h i n h , chon k h u quyet chien Sau k h i cxi doan can Phap Dxing n a m sau T o a n quoc k h a n g chien, dem bo d i t r i n h sat dia h i n h ven song L6, T r u n g doan 87 quyet 19 t h a n g 12 n a m 1947, quan Phap p h a i r u t k h o i chien d i n h chon k h u v\ic Ben T h e n , D o a n H u n g , K h e L a u de t r i i d n g V i e t Bkc phuc k i c h t a u chien, ca-no q u a n stf cua dich Sang 24 t h a n g 10 n a m 1947, t a u chien Phap Cauh6j7:Tai lung danh, gay tieng vang 16n nUdc va chan ngUdc song L6 len Doan H u n g Vvfa t i e n c h i i n g vula xa dong ca dxi luan nUdc Phap, la tran danh nao? Sling ban nhxi v a i dan sang h a i ben bd song Phoi hdp v6i ddn v i sdn phao 75 ly, cac chien si T r u n g doan 87 phuc k i c h bin c h i m ca-no, t a u chien, diet 350 t e n dich Tiep do, 10 t h a n g 11, T r u n g doan 87 l a i t h i i c h i e n t h a n h cong t r a n phuc k i c h dich d K h e L a u (nga ba song Gam), b a n c h i m t a u chien, diet 400 t e n dich Chien khu D n3m 1948 c6 mot tran danh phuc kich TramDo la t r a n L a Nga, mot t r o n g ba t r a n d a n h giao t h o n g dien h i n h t r o n g cuoc k h a n g chien chong thiJc dan Phap T a i Chien k h u D, t\i cuoi n a m 1947, Chi doi 10 da N g a y 15 t h a n g 11, mot canh q u a n dich t i e n l e n T u y e n h i n h t h a n h y tu^dng v a n dong til xa den DUdng 20 de danh Q u a n g b i T i e u doan 420 cua T r u n g doan 87 phuc k i c h d mot t r a n phuc k i c h Difdng 20 la diidng noi t u D a u Giay ki-16-met , diet h d n 100 t e n T r u n g doan phoi hdp den D a L a t , t r e n c6 cau L a Nga, t h i t r a n D i n h Quan v6i dan quan d u k i c h chon m i n dia l o i , bin t i a , to chiic cac t r a n tap k i c h vao Ngoc Chuc, A n Dao, l a m cho b i n h doan C o m - m u y - n a n n h i e u phen k i n h hoang V d i n h i e u chien cong x u a t s^c t r e n song L6, 20 t h a n g 12 n a m 1947, k h i t r u n g doan ve l a i v u n g n u i To Sdn de t o n g ket chien dich, D a i txidng Vo N g u y e n Giap da den t h a m , trao H u a n chudng Q u a n cong h a n g Ba cho t r u n g doan va bao t i n v u i : Bac Ho va T r u n g l i d n g D a n g da quyet D e m 25 r a n g 26 t h a n g n a m 1948, t a i Chien k h u D , cac t r a m gac p h i a m a t song Dong N a i v a n hoat dong b i n h thUdng de t r a n h siJ chu y cua dich, dong t h d i toan bo C h i doi 10 va L i e n q u a n 17 b i m a t r d i k h o i can cvL, viidt song Be, b a n g qua hdn k m difdng r i i n g den doan dutdng L a Nga - D i n h Q u a n N g a y t h a n g 3, q u a n Phap gom mot doan 70 xe txX Sai Trung Gon d i D a L a t Doan xe c6 xe t h i e t giap hp tong, chd h a n g d o a n 87 H a i sau, le mCfng chien thSng va don d a n h hoa phifdng t i e n chien t r a n h t r o n g doan xe c6 cac si q u a n h i e u " T r u n g doan Song L " diidc to chiic t r o n g the t a i t h i cao cap Phap d i hop K h i doan xe lot vao t r a n dia phuc xa T u y e n Quang V i the t r a n chien t r a n h n h a n dan, toan k i c h ciia ta keo dai k m givLa cau L a Nga va t h i t r a n D i n h d i n h t a n g d a n h h i e u " T r u n g doan Song L " cho 18 Q u a n , t r a n d a n h b a t dau Theo ke hoach p h o i hdp tac chien, d u k i c h L o n g K h a n h l a m v a t can, d a n h le te l a m cham toe doan xe D e n 15 gid 15 p h u t , mot qua dia l o i no t r i i n g chiec xe d i d a u , k h i e n no n a m chSn giiJa diJdng Ngay l a p tiic, bo p h a n c h a n d a u cua q u a n t a no sung m a n h l i e t r o i x u n g phong, bat song v a diet gon n h i e u t o a n dich C u n g luc, bo p h a n d a n h c h i n h dien n a t r u n g l i e n , t i e u l i e n , n e m \\iu d a n vao gifla doi h i n h , n e m cac chai x a n g dot chay cac xe t a i T a l a m c h u t r a n dia, pha h u y 16 xe Bo p h a n khoa duoi chd nhijfng chiec xe d i sau cung l o t vao t r a n d i a m i no sung D i c h thao chay ve L a Nga, ten b i t i e u diet T a i mot doan khac, L i e n q u a n 17 v a cong n h a n q u a n gidi dong loat x u n g phong, diet 26 xe cung v d i 56 t e n dich T r a n d a n h k e t t h i i c luc 18 gid T r e n suot quang difdng dai k m , t a pha h u y 59 xe cd gidi, diet n h i e u l i n h le difdng chiem da so' t r o n g 10 d a n toe a n h e m d chau D d n g V a n K h i Cach m a n g t h a n g T a m n d r a , t h i x a H a G i a n g v a cac chau, ke ca Dong V a n , bon Quoc dan dang cua H o a n g M i n h C h i n h tijf T r u n g Quoc keo ve gay cd sd, b d n T a u Tifdng k h i ked qua cai cac si q u a n dac v u l a i , r o i thiJc dan Phap \xL T r u n g Quoc quay t r d l a i deu d u n g ke " l y gian", de loi ked nhiJng ngifdi cam dau cac dan tdc t h i e u sd' chdhg t a "sau l i f n g " Dd cd sd cua t a yeu, liJc lufdng chUa d u sijtc, n e n chau D d n g V a n c i i n g nhif n h i e u v u n g cd b a n v l n n a m difdi sii l a m chu t h i i c siJ cua ngifdi cam dau cac dan toe h t i f n g v t m g O n g V i i d n g C h i S i n h (tiie V i i d n g C h i T h a n h ) l a ngvfdi d i i n g dau r a t cd u y t i n eua ngifdi M o n g d v u n g r o n g 16n giap b i e n gidi O n g V i f d n g v d n l a ngUdi yeu nifdc, Cd q u a n he g i u p dd V i e t M i n h , k h i H d a n g M i n h C h i n h t i m each Idi ked, d n g k h d n g thed N h i i n g d n g ciing k h d n g t r a n h k h d i cdn cd n h i i n g "dd d i i " v a ca Idi i c h g i a i cap, ddng hp n i u ked, v d i t r o n g dd Cd m6t sd' si q u a n cad cap Bd dpi t a t h u diidc r a t nhiJng t d a n t i n h r i e n g K h i diidc t i n C h i n h p h i i each m a n g n h i e u v u k h i t r a n g b i , p h i i d n g t i e n chien t r a n h Sd t u dd C u H d l a m C h u t i c h diidc t h a n h l a p d H a N d i , d n g h a n g b i n h cung v d i t h i f d n g dan d i t r d n g doan xe diidc t a quyet d i n h d i gap C u H d l a de x e m thiie h i i r a sad, b a t g i a i t h i c h c h i n h sach k h d a n hdng v a p h d n g t h i c h t a i chd chap b d n Qudc d a n dang H d a n g M i n h C h i n h n g a n can K h i den Bac Quang, d n g diidc h a i ddng c h i V i e t M i n h l a Cau hoi 8: Bac H o da ttfng ket nghia vdi ong " V u a Meo", va gui Quang; ixi d6 d i H a N d i cdn cd V d K h a i Ca, mdt can bo cua quoc Bat thu no li\n biet gi ve sv( k i e n nay? T u y e n Quang Traldi: N a m 1945, chau D d n g V a n Cdn gdm ca h u y e n M e d Vac, h u y e n Y e n M i n h nay, ngifdi M d n g (cdn gdi l a Med) 20 T h a n h Phdng v a M a i T r u n g L a m d a n diidng ve T u y e n t3ng ong mot giiofm c6 ten la " Tan trung bao C h u y e n d i ay ong V i f d n g k h d n g n h i i n g diidc C u H d tiep ddn m a cdn k e t n g h i a a n h em v d i Cu, n e n dng diJdc ddi h d t e n l a H d C h i T h a n h (ngUdi cd c h i se t h a n h cdng), diidc 21 va Sau Ciidng, ngUdi v a n chuyen thuoc no vao t h a n h p h r , dUdc t a n g t h i f d n g H u a n chifdng Chien cong g i a i phon^j h a n g Ba, ngoai r a n h i e u b i n g k h e n cho cac chien ,si biet dong khac T r a n d a n h t a u Ca-dd diidc xep vao loai mot t r o n ^ n h f l n g t r a n d a n h x u a t sic n h a t cua Biet dong Sai Gon, vi c h i s\i d u n g mot Itfc lifdng r a t nho n h i f n g l a i t i e u diet lon s i n h liJc va v a t chat cua dich, bao toan diidc liic l i i d n g va giiJ hi m a t each danh Cau hoi 78: C h i v6i hai chien si biet dong nhiTng tran danh vao nha hang My Canh da tieu diet duoc nhieu sinh Ivfc dich Cho biet dien bien tran danh xuat s^c nay? Trildi: ; N h a h a n g m a n g t e n M y Canh diidc t h i e t ke t r e n mot chiec t a u t h u y c6 k i c h thiidc: d a i 75m, ngang 25m, chiia dude lufdng khach 250 n g i i d i T a u neo dau d ben Bach Dang each k e n h Ben Nghe 150m, ben canh cot cd Thu NgQ N h a h a n g noi v6i diidng Bach D^ng bSng chiec can go dai 20m, la n d i an chdi cua q u a n M y , quan chijtc chinh p h i f d n g phap d a n h ciia ta la d u n g m i n d i n h hifdng p I ^ l O d a n h t h a n g vao muc t i e u V u k h i dUdc ba n f l chien gi chd bang difdng song den, tap k e t d mot dia diem each ^6 khoang 800m T r a n d a n h dien r a vao t o i 23 t h a n g xiam 1965, h a i qua D H l O diJdc h a i chien si dac cong jjguy t r a n g t r e n xe mo-bi-let va xe dap D o a n diidng tvf diem x u a t p h a t den muc t i e u , dich k i e m soat r a t chat che nhieu chang va xet hoi tCfng ngiJdi, chi can sd hd la hi bat L d i d u n g liic dong n g i i d i , h a i chien dau v i e n m i f u t r i , binh t i n h dat xe qua cau quay, tiep can muc t i e u Chiec xe mo-bi-let dat d t i f the m a t 16m qua m i n quay vao t r u n g t a m n h a h a n g n d i , cdn qua m i n t r e n chiec xe dap t h i quay vao "cau doc moc" D u n g 20 gid 20 p h u t , qua p h a t hda chup ngang n h a h a n g M y Canh Sau t i e n g no k i n h hoang, bon dich song hoang loan dap len n h a u chay qua cau vao dat l i e n hong t h o a t chet t h i qua m i n t h i l hai no h a t c h u n g x u o n g song K e t qua t r a n d a n h , dich chet va hi t h i i d n g n h i e u ten, t r o n g mot n i i a la l i n h M y , gom nhieu quan chijfc q u a n doi, an n i n h cua c h i n h quyen M y va Viet N a m cong hoa Cau hoi 79: Trong chien tranh O Viet Nam, dich s i dung mot loai xe c6 biet danh la "ndi dong" Loai xe nhu quyen V i e t N a m c6ng hoa, h'nh dong m i n h C h u n h a hang the nao? Chiec cudi cung bi tieu diet h dau? la dac v u n m t r o n g to chufc g i a n diep C I A cua M y V i the ngoai viec an chdi t h i day la n d i h o i hop b a n bac cua bon g i a n diep t i n h bao, co' v a n M y TrUdc n h a thUdng c6 ba t e n canh sat canh gac va ba t e n m a t v u theo doi khach vao Dildi song c6 ca-no canh sat t u a n t r a NhiJng cuoc hop quan t r o n g , c h i i n g t a n g ciidng canh sat bao ve 198 Trildi: Vao dau n h i i n g n a m 1960, hi q u a n v a n h a n dan t a ^anh pha m a n h t r e n dUdng s i t x u y e n V i e t , M y - nguy Phai d u n g xe " n d i dong" de ho tong cac doan t a u quan sU 199 Day la loai xe boc thep b a n h hdi k h i dxia sang V i e i sang no sung t h i chiec xe "noi dong" d i dau da l u l u n g a y N a m , M y cai t i e n lap b a n h s i t vao va cho no chay t r e n irxidc m a t M u c t i e u vao d u n g " n d i quy d i n h " , Txi lap tiic dUdng r a y xe l i i a D i c h thufdng s\i d u n g doi h i n h chier diem hoa M o t b u n g k h o i b u n g l e n bao t r u m lay chiec xe chay t u a n t r a p h i a triidc doan t a u v a n t a i quan svf T r e n diu moi xe c6 t e n l i n h , v6i t r a n g b i m a n h , cd dong n h a n h , dong n u i r i f n g Chiec xe thijf t i e n len, n h t f n g den doan "noi dong" cua dich da gay cho t a n h i e u kho k h a n T u difdng s i t b i m i n pha t u n g , xe b i t r a t b a n h n i m yen t a i t h a n g den t h a n g n a m 1962, can bo, chien si D a i do] ch6 Ch6p thdi cd, dong c h i H a i L i n h cho no l i e n p h a t 486, T r u n g doi 430 da I a n phuc d a n h , n h U n g chifa diei D K Z r a t t r u n g dich, chiec "noi dong" thiif da b i e n t h a n h gon diidc ca top "quan t a i thep" Chiec t h i i k h o n g dam t i e n l e n , n h i f n g Quyet t a m be gay "chien t h u a t xe noi dong" cua chung, sau k h i r u t k i n h n g h i e m cac t r a n d a n h tru6c va k i e n t n n g h i e n ciiu, n a m vi3ng quy l u a t boat dong cua dich, ban q u a n s U t i n h da difdc sxi d u n g liic liidng gom cac d a i doi 486, 489, , t r u n g doi cong b i n h , triidng q u a n sxi, cony b i n h xiidng Cao T h i n g va h d n 5.000 dan cong xa H a m T h a n h phuc v u t r a n d a n h T r a n dia phuc k i c h diJdc chon t a i diem dUdng vong t u suoi V a n den suoi L a n h , xa H a m T h a n h , h u y e n H a r n T h u a n , B i n h T h u a n Hoa luc c h i n h cua t r a n d a n h gom co qua m i n chan dau va la t i e n g no p h a t l e n h cho t r a n danh dong chi T\i, mot can bo ciia xUdng cong b i n h Cao T h i n g p h u t r a c h K h i ' u D K Z n h a t d a n h xe boc thep dan tiep theo la mot t i e n g no long trdi Id dat v a n g Cling k h o n g dUdng l u i l a i v i doan t a u p h i a sau da i m i m lao t i Bon c h i buy cho xe dijfng l a i Hoa \xic c h u n g chiia k i p b i n r a t h i da b i a n d a n D K Z cua t a va b i e n t h a n h "gian hoa" t h i e u song bon l i n h t r e n xe T e n l a i t a u va bon l i n h ap t a i bo ca doan t a u de thao chay Sau 30 p h i i t chien dau, t i e u diet t o a n bo bon dich d i t r e n cac xe, pha h i i y xe "noi dong", dot mot dau may xe Itia, t h u diidc d a i lien, t r u n g l i e n , t i e u lien Tu: ve sau, loai xe boc thep k i e u " n o i dong" v i n g bong t r e n quang difdng s i t x u y e n qua m i e n cxic N a m T r u n g Bo Cau hoi 80: D i c h tvTng su( d u n g loai xe l u a c6 cac toa hoc thep de ho tong cac doan tau q u a n sU, v d i cai ten la dong c h i H a i L i n h , t r u n g doi trUdng c h i b u y Vao 23 giri "Ra-pha-no" Ta da doi v d i loai xe n h u the t h a n g n a m 1962, Ixic liidng cua t a da vao v i t r i nao? san sang chd l e n h Sang 22 t h a n g 6, doan t a u v a n t a i q u a n sxi Tri lai: xe "noi dong" d i n dau txi Sai Gon r a , t i e n gan vao t r a n dia Day la loai t a u c6 tvf den toa, d a i n h a t l a toa, nen v6i toe r a t n h a n h M o i ngiidi vtfa n h a n dUdc l e n h san J^han dan va bo doi t a goi la "xe Itfa mot" N g o a i v6 thep 200 201 boc dxidi day va xung quanh, ben c6 mot Idp be tong chSc, khong c6 mot loai vu k h i nao ciia ta liic pha buy difdc; can bo, chien si Trung doan 812 da nhieu Ian phuc danh ma danh bat Ivfc, nen suot thdi gian dai "xe lua mot" gay bao nhieu kho khan cho ta Nhan nhiem vu cua Ban quan sU tinh, can bo chi huy cac ddn v i tham gia tran danh von la can bo, chien si Trung doan 812 trifdc day da tiing cham tran vdi Ra-phano khong khoi ban khoan suy nghi: Ta khong the nao khong danh diidc no? Neu khong danh diidc no t h i c6 nghia la bo dpi ta khong kha nang tac chien tren doan diidng sat nay, phong trao dau tranh nhan dan dia phifdng cung bi ngvfng tre Va neu danh t h i danh bang each nao, liic v i i k h i cua ta luc chi c6 tvl tao, dinh hii6ng DHIO, phao khong giat DKZ-57, ma xe t h i dan DKZ-57 ban khong thung, day xe t h i t t i tao, dinh hu6ng DHIO thdi ciing khong xuyen qua Loai xe moi toa chung bo' t r i dai lien, trung lien, coi 60 ly, tieu lien, sung triidng Ngoai chung bo t r i toa, moi toa trang bi mot khau phao 40 ly, khau lien 12,8 ly va coi 81 ly Bdi vay moi toa la mot d de khang c6 kha nang chien dau doc lap chong tra ca bori mat, vijfa ngan chan ta tiep can vtfa chi vien cho Sau k h i xem xet, nghien cilu ky, moi ngiidi deu nhan thay: mat noc toa xe la ndi thiet bi yeu nhat, bdi vo thep mong, khong c6 be tong cot thep ben Do vay muo'n diet diidc toa xe hoc thep, bo doi phai dung boc pha 202 t jjay danh chup tii ben tren xuong mat noc toa, chinh la each danh "Thien l6i gidng ha" va ndi phuc kich phai la ndi c6 ta-luy cao hdn hay g^n ngang bSng vdi noc toa boc thep Ket luan chinh xac la can cii cho bp doi ta lam phudng an tac chien, va Ban quan sU tinh da nhanh chong thong qua A , Dia diem diidc chpn nam diidng sat ttf ga Suoi Van den ga Song Phan, quyet chien diem la ndi c6 ta-luy cao gan 3m, dai khoang 100m, each ga Suoi Van 4km ve phia tay Thdi gian danh vao budi chieu k h i "xe lUa mot" t i i ga Mifdng Man trd ve Sai Gon Qua mot thdi gian luyen tap theo phiJdng an, cac ddn v i tham gia tran danh gdm cac Doi 486, Doi 489, cac ddn v i phuc vu, dan cong ^ Toan bo doi hinh c6 mat tai v i t r i vao liic 12 gid 30 thang 10 nam 1963 Liic tren difdng sat c6 bon doan tau chb khach, tau chci hang va "xe liia mot" noi duoi chay tu! Sai Gon Tren trdi c6 may bay L-19, may bay AD-6 bay doc theo dvfdng sat ho torig WL Liic 14 gid 30 phut, k h i cac doan tau hang t i i ga Mudng " M a n trd vao Sai Gon vvfa ludt qua tran dia doi phuc kich, thi chiec "xe liia mot" ciing viia lot vao "quyet chien diem" Ngay lap tiic, ddng chi T i i , can bo Xiidng quan gidi Cao T h i n g cho nd lam diit tung diidng tau, toa boc thep thii nhat triing min, ca doan tau khiing lai Tiic khac cac qua t h i i 2, thii 3, thii cac dong chi Don, Hiing va Day phuc triidc ciing dong loat cho nd lam cho toa thii boc chay, toa thii bi diit moc keo l i i i lai mot doan roi ^iing yen tai cho Bon dich song sot d cac toa va toa 203 thii 4, sau p h u t k i n h hoang da hoan hon, chong t r a quyet Ichien quan giac v6 c i i n g k h i e p dam T r o n g ca don l i n h het, nhUng d a n c h u n g bin dan ve t r o n g dia b a n xa, l i n h don nao c u n g t t f n g h i a n h r a deu g h i m vao h a i ben t h a n h t a - l u y doc dUdng t a u b i n chet va b i t h i i d n g Cach d a n h cua a n h r a t ddn g i a n , L a p tilc cac to " t h i e n l o i " cac dong chi M i n h , KhvL, Ldi •con bon giac t h i l u o n h i bat ngd: I d i d u n g dem t o i , n g i i d i va Sdn d i n dau lao ra, dung tre d dau c6 buoc qua boc du k i c h mot m i n h den gan ciia don, t i m cho an nap pha loai 2,5kg dat vao giiia noc toa va diem hoa, lap tile bon chd ddi R a n g sang k h i bon l i n h bat d a u r a cuta, hoac x u a t b u n g k h o i b u n g len va d i theo la bon t i e n g no nhxi "set hien t r e n 16-cot, a n h no mot p h a t r o i r u t ngay, mac danh" l a m chan dong ca mot vung G i i i a k h o i Ixia m i t mu, bon l i n h p h a n k i c h long Ion L a n nao b a n a n h c i i n g t h a n h cac to t h a n g n h a n h chong hie cau cho liic lifdng x u n g kich cong ' tif t h a n h t a - l u y sang danh chiem cac loa bang \\iu dan, thu phao Sau 27 p h u t chien dau, quan t a l a m chu t r a n dia, diet gon mot dai doi, bat song 10 ten, t h u dai lien, t r u n g lien, sung col 60 ly, may v6 t u y e n dien 15W Day la t r a n d a n h t a u hoa ma t a t h u n h i e u chien Idi p h a m v u k h i n h a t so v6i bat ky t r a n nao trifdc H d n 500 dan cong cung ca doan v a n cong t i n h cung k h o n g m a n g het difdc "Xe Ixia mot" b i t i e u diet, k h o n g g i de ho to'ng cac doan t a u quan sxi, bon dich p h a i bo cho M o t l a n , h a i t e n l i n h don E a c h Chiec (Tich Thien) d i r a cong rao, a n h b i n chet mot thSng, t h S n g k i a sd qua te xuong h a m chong cua chung, b i chong dam ruot chet theo D a n k h e n a n h c h i mot v i e n d a n ma l a m chet t d i h a i t e n l i n h T i e n g t a m cua a n h liJfng l i y den miic bon l i n h r a t i t d a m 16 m a t r a k h o i don Vao n a m 1962, ddn v i ciia T i n h doi ve xa, yeu cau a n h hin ban chet mot t e n l i n h t a i don Rach Chiec de t a u s^t dich doan diidng sat B i n h T h u a n - L o n g E l i a n h cho den ta xuong lay xac, Mc t a se d a n h chiec t a u Chap h a n h g i a n h toan t h S n g - 30 t h a n g n a m 1975 lenh, dem a n h den sat h a n g rao t h i i n h a t , chd ddi M a i den hdn gid sang ma k h o n g c6 mot bong nao x u a t h i e n Cau hoi 81: Tai huyen Tra O n , tinh V i n h Long c6 mot du kich noi tieng vdi biet tai ban tia Anh ban chinh xac den b9n dich khie'p sd phai mang ten anh de hu d9a, the nguyen vdi Anh la ai? Traldi: Do l a a n h H a i Nho, n g i i d i d u k i c h xa T i c h T h i e n Veil k h a u sung t r i f d n g t r o n g tay, a n h t u n g h o a n h k h a p ndi 204 A n h lien men theo me song vao t a n c\ia don Nghe t i e n g dong, mot t e n l i n h 16 dau r a q u a n sat, a n h b a n mot phat Khong biet v i m a i den h a i sau, t a u sat m d i mo Xuong lay xac Luc nay, ddn v i cua t i n h da r u t d i triidc vai gid Thien xa Hai Nho k h o n g c h i b a n l i n h t r o n g dia p h i i d n g ^ha, ma chay x6 den cac xa l a n can b a n theo ddn dat 205 hang Cac xa Luc Si T h a n h , T h i e n M y , V i n h X u a n , T r a Cau hoi Con , a n h deu t h a m gia ban t i a c6 k e t qua N a m 1963, xa 82: N g a y s a u tran phao k i c h s a n bay B i e n H o a , bao Nhan dan, so 12 thang 11 n a m 1964 c6 bai T a n M y yeu cau a n h sang b i n ho t e n canh sat ac on, ten b i n h l u a n C h u tich H o C h i M i n h viet C h o biet t i f n g c6 n h i e u nd m a u v6i dong bao T r e n difdng d i vao ve y n g h i a cua tran phao k i c h l i c h sxL nay? t r a n dia, a n h n o i vdi d u k i c h dan diidng: "Toi d xa den, Traldi: k h o n g biet m a t , a n h c h i t h a n g nao t o i ban t h a n g do" H a i ngUdi b i m a t dot n h a p vao n h a may cha l u a , each don k h o n g day 100m Ho cung n h a u keo nhQng bao l i i a tan P g, San bay B i e n Hoa la san bay chien liidc cap cua M y rong k m ^ c6 k h u viic chiia may bay, k h u viJc chtia l a m cong sii Vvfa chuan b i xong t h i cung la luc bon l i n h bom dan va k h u vvfc n h a d cua 1.500 l i n h M y De bao ve xua't h i e n Do c h i k h o n g dung, a n h ban mot t e n l i n h chet, can cil nay, vong t r o n g la he t h o n g day dac t h a p canh c6 t e n canh sat va bon l i n h l a i chay t a n loan Nghe bon dUdng xe t u a n t r a l i e n tuc V o n g ngoai la he t h o n g b a i t r u n g dan k e u l a , bon t r o n g don nong long r a i l n g c i i u , anh m i n , day thep gai, v6i mot t i e u doan l i n h V i e t N a m cong b i n h t i n h n h a m tvfng t e n mot m i k h i c6 mot t e n chen r a hoa va 100 cho bec-gie canh giui X u n g q u a n h san bay c6 cxia don T r a n do, a n h b a n chet va b i t h i i d n g t o n g cong 17 86 c h i h u y Q u a n doan V i e t N a m cong hoa, cac don hot, t e n dich chi k h u q u a n siJ, v.v H a i N h o trci t h a n h n i e m t u hao cua xa T i c h T h i e n va ca De c h u a n b i t r a n d a n h , q u a n g i a i phong t i n h toan k y h u y e n T r a O n , bon l i n h don t h i lay t e n a n h de h i i doa cac p h a n t i i ban cho phao, chon v a t chuan, d a i q u a n sat, l a n n h a u : "May dam the Hai Nho ban may khong?", t r a n dia phao t r o n g vong t u a n D u d n g t i e n q u a n va r u t "Coi chitng Hai Nho go be mo dc hoac may" quan cua phao b i n h p h a i qua dia h i n h phiic t a p n h i i song A n h H a i N h o t h a m gia d u k i c h tvf nhutng Dong Dong N a i , d a m lay, v i i n g dong q u a n cua dich, ap chien Khcii n a m 1960 T r o n g nhijtng n a m chien t r a n h ay, a n h da lUdc, dac biet kho k h a n nha't l a c6 10km qua t r a n g t r o n g t h a m gia ngot 30 t r a n d a n h 16n nho d t r o n g va ngoai xa ngoai v i san bay Viec v a n chuyen dan diJdc dd T i e u doan r i e n g a n h da b a n chet va b i t h i i d n g 75 t e n dich A n h noi bo b i n h d a m n h a n , viec v i i d t song bo doi dia p h i i d n g t i e n g la tay t h i e n xa chuyen ban dich theo dcfn dat hang- Ngvfdi d u k i c h T i c h T h i e n da t i f n g l a m k h i e p v i a bon l i n h dan ve h u y e n T r a O n t r o n g ca mot t h d i g i a n daiT r o n g bao cao t h a n h t i c h d a n h giac t r o n g k h a n g chien cua xa, t e n a n h difdc t r a n t r o n g dat d h a n g dau ?06 t i n h Phiidc T h a n h va h u y e n T a n U y e n cho m i i d n ghe xuong, viec dan diidng vao r a d u k i c h cac xa v i i n g Chien k h u D d i n dUdng Dem 31 t h a n g 10 n a m 1964, k h a u doi D K Z , k h a u ^ioi coi 82 ly va k h a u doi phao 70 ly b i m a t chiem Hnh 207 t r a n dia Do san bay r o n g t d i 40km^ ma hoa liic va dan yiy t r e n chien t r U d n g m i e n N a m , no d a n h dau stf t h a t b a i diidc cua t a c6 h a n , nen muc t i e u chon \\ia l a h a i k h u vuc, \)\idc dau cua q u a n c h i e n dau M y ' ' v6i yeu cau d a m bao v i e n nao cung t n i n g D u n g 23 gio 20 De cilu v a n t i n h the va k i e m che sq p h a t t r i e n phong p h u t , cac loai phao dong loat no V d i h a i ddt b a n dvL doi, trao each m a n g cua n h a n dan t a t r e n khSp' m i e n N a m , m o i ddt keo d a i 10 p h u t , toan bo so' dan 136 v i e n difdc bdn thang n a m 1965, de quoc M y at q u a n chien d a u vao het vao muc t i e u San bay B i e n Hoa c h i m ngap t r o n g bien triic tiep t h a m chien t a i m i e n N a m V i e t N a m Trii6c t i n h liJa Ngay sau t r a n phao k i c h , t o a n ddn v i t a p k e t ve hau h i n h mdi, Bo T u l e n h Q u a n k h u n g h i e n ciiu each d a n h cii a n toan tieu diet gon t v t o g ddn v i q u a n chien d a u M y D a y la v a n K e t qua t r a n d a n h , t a pha h u y may bay n e m bom B-57, 11 may bay ciidng k i c h A l , gay no kho dan 105 ly, (Je quan t r o n g , k h o n g c h i c6 y n g h i a chien liidc, k h o n g chi doi v6i chien t r a n h V i e t N a m ma c6 y n g h i a quoc te pha sap mot d a i q u a n sat va 18 can t r a i , loai k h o i vong Ngay t h a n g n a m 1965, q u a n M y tiep tuc at bo chien dau n h i e u l i n h M y , t r o n g h a u het la p h i cong va len K y L i e n , K y H a (nay la cac x a T a m N g h i a , T a m n h a n v i e n k y t h u a t Nghe t i n nay, Tong t h o n g Gion-xdn Quang) Bo chi h u y cac Iqc l i i d n g via t r a n g Q u a n k h u dang d i v a n dong t r a n h cii l i e n bo dci chuyen d i , ve n h a n h chong dat v a n de: p h a i to chiic mot t r a n d a n h t i e u O a - s i n h - t d n b a n each doi Con t i f n g M y Tay-lo, cha diet quan M y n h S m u y the, t i n h t h a n q u a n M y tvL de cua chien Ivfdc "Chien t r a n h dac biet" k h i den xem hien dau, l a m cd sci t i e n de tao n i e m t i n xay d q n g quyet t a m t r i f d n g t a n hoang t h i k e u : "R6 r a n g V i e t cong da l a m mot danh M y , m a t khac ciing de g i a i quyet v a n de t i f t i f d n g va viec m a trifdc day ho chifa he l a m " kha n a n g d a n h t i e u diet M y t r e n chien t r i i d n g K h u cho Dang bo, q u a n dan toan q u a n k h u Cau hoi 83: N g a y m u n g thang n a m 1965, M y at d o q u a n Da N a n g , q u a n M y vao s6m n h i i n g da h i d u k i c h Hoa c h i e n d a u vao m i e n N a m V i e t N a m , mof d a u chien Vang, D i e n B a n d a n h n h i e u t r a n nen c h i i n g se de phong liiofc Chien tranh cue bp, tiic la l i n h M y trUc tiep ky Ivfdng O C h u L a i , q u a n M y m i vao, bo' phong sd sai, tran T r a n d a n h d a u tien tieu diet gon mot d O n vi chu quan Phong t r a o d u k i c h chien t r a n h d day k h a l i n h M y d i e n O dau? ttianh, l a i gan sii c h i dao cua q u a n k h u N e u d i i n g c h i i Iqc quan k h u de d a n h , t a k h o bien cho Iqc l U d n g bo doi Traldi: t i n h va d u k i c h TvL do, q u a n k h u quyet d i n h chon mot ddn T r a n N i i i T h a n h dem 25 r a n g 26 t h a n g nam ^? bo doi t i n h Q u a n g N a m thqc h i e n d a n h t i e u diet mot 1965 la t r a n d a n h dau t i e n t i e u diet gon mot dai doi quan ^ai doi quan M y ci k h u vqc C h u L a i l a m t h i d i e m de thqc 208 14 (;PTH 209 h i e n cac muc dich, yeu cau da de r a V i vay, sau k h i can bang l ^ ^ i le, bang siing Ba't ngd, choang v a n g tru6c don Bo T u l e n h Q u a n k h u chon chien t r i f d n g C h u L a i a phii dau, dich k h o n g k i p p h a n i l n g C h i sau 30 p h i i t chien Q u a n g N a m de t h i i c h i e n y d i n h T r o n g so' cac can cu „ ^au a n h d i i n g , l i n h boat, t a d a cd ban t i e u diet gon mot Q u a n g N a m t h i T i n h doi quyet d i n h chon muc t i e u N u i dai doi q u a n M y Den gid sang bo doi t a r i i t k h o i t r a n T h a n h D a y l a diem cao nho, nam t r o n g he t h o n g c i i diem dia nhkc, bao ve can c i i C h u L a i , giap r a n h v i v u n g g i a i phong, t a i day l i n h M y m d i den chiem dong, cong sii v a t can chua vQng chac, l i n h M y chi c6 mot d a i doi, dong q u a n t r e n m o m CO lap, kho chi v i e n cho can cxi GiiJa t h a n g n a m 1965, q u a n k h u c h i n h t h i i c giao cho D a i doi 2, thuoc T i e u doan 70 bo doi dia phifdng t i n h T r a n d a n h N i i i T h a n h k h o n g Idn, so' l i i d n g dich b i diet khong n h i e u , n h u n g c6 y n g h i a to 16n ve c h i n h t r i T r a n danh k h a n g d i n h y c h i k i e n cvfdng ba't khua't, k h o n g he sd My, k h o n g b i dong doi n h u ke t h u l a m t i i d n g , gop phan g i a i toa n h i i n g t i i t i f d n g ban k h o a n , lo l a n g t r o n g mot so' can bo, chien si Q u a n g N a m , phoi hdp v i m u i dac cong t a n g cifdng, nhiem v u dat r a la t i e u diet m o t d a i doi l i n h t h u y d a n h bo M y d Cau hoi 84: T r a n V a n Tifcfng la tran d a n h d a u tien, ta t h i n g Q u a n so'tham gia t r a n d a n h la 63 can bo, chien si M y d i e u k i e n c h i i n g c h u dong tan cong T r o n g dieu k i e n q u a n so, t r a n g b i , t r i n h k h a n a n g ciia ta T r a n d a n h n a y d i e n b i e n sao? bo doi dia p h i i d n g t i n h liic do, c h u n g t a chon each danh "dac cong hoa" la t h i c h hdp n h a t C h i e n t h u a t tac chien la Idi d u n g dia h i n h , b i m a t t i e p can muc t i e u , h i n h t h a n h the bao vay r o i bat ngd t i e n cong t i e u diet dich D e m 25 t h a n g n a m 1965, bo doi t a v i i d t qua he thong Tri Idi: V a n T i f d n g l a mot l a n g ven b i e n r o n g k h o a n g 4km^ thuoc xa B i n h T h i e n , h u y e n B i n h Sdn, t i n h Q u a n g N g a i Van Tiidng each phia dong q u a n l y B i n h Sdn khoang bo phong ngoai v i , t i e n ve p h i a N u i T h a n h Mac d i i tren 10km, cacl; can ctf C h u L a i k h o a n g k m ve p h i a dong - diJdng h a n h q u a n gap t r d i m i i a to, bo doi v a n t a p k e t dung nam V a n T i f d n g n a m t r o n g v u n g g i a i phong, diidc xay dia d i e m T a i day t o a n bo q u a n t\i t r a n g de l a i , a n h em chi dUng t h a n h l a n g chien da'u va difdc t h i i t h a c h t r o n g suo't m a n g vu k h i dan diJdc, t o a n t h a n nguy t r a n g bang each cuoc chien t r a n h cho'ng M y boi dat set t r o n b t m Q u a n t a chia l a m h a i m i i i , b i m a t tiep D a u t h a n g n a m 1965, Li3 doan l i n h t h u y d a n h bo so can l i n h M y dong t r e n D o i 49 va D o i 50 Vao liic gid 30 cua M y d e n C h u L a i , t h i 26 t h a n g c h u n g b i diet p h u t 26 t h a n g 5, boc pha l e n h no a m vang, toan bo 8