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Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cốt lõi của hệ thống trường đại học tư thục: nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING LAC HONG UNIVERSITY THESIS SUMMARY FACTORS AFFECTING CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRIVATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM A CASE STUDY IN HO CHI MINH CITY THESIS OF DOCTOR OF BUSINESS.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING LAC HONG UNIVERSITY THESIS SUMMARY FACTORS AFFECTING CORE COMPETENCIES OF THE PRIVATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN HO CHI MINH CITY THESIS OF DOCTOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Dong Nai, 2022 The work was completed at: Lac Hong University Science instructor: HD1: Prof Dr Nguyen Trong Hoai HD2: Dr Nguyen Van Tan Respondent 1: …………………………………………………………………… Response 2: ……………………………………………………………………… Respondent 3: …………………………………………………………………… The thesis will be defended before the School-level Thesis Evaluation Council at …………………….…………………… ……………………………………… on hour day month Thesis can be found at the library: - Lac Hong University Library; - National Library 1 CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 Reason for choosing thesis topic Core Competency (NLL) is an organization's ability to optimally integrate its resources to create specific strengths compared to other organizations in the industry, which is the basic foundation for creating success difference for the organization and added value for stakeholders (Kawshala et al., 2017) NLLs are essential means of ensuring the long-term survival of an organization (Macmillan et al., 2000) NLLs are important mechanisms that enable an organization to gain a sustainable competitive advantage by improving its product and service-related activities (Shalash and Al-khafaji, 2014) An institution's NLL in the education sector is no different from the business sector in terms of performance, because core competence aspects play an important role in the process of creating added value for organizations and stakeholders (Kahwaji et al., 2020) 1.2 Research question On the basis of determining the research objectives as the author presented in section 1.2 above, in order to realize these research objectives, the thesis must answer the following questions: (1) What are the resource factors affecting the NLL of the universities in HCMC in the context of integration and innovation of higher education? (2) How these factors affect the NLL of CTU in HCMC? (3) How to improve the capacity of CTU in HCMC towards integration and innovation of higher education? 1.3 Object and scope of the study 1.3.1 Research subjects The object of this study is the NLL of the University of Information and Communication in HCMC, namely “Facilities”; "Capital"; “Management team, lecturers”; “Training and scientific research”; "Applied science and technology"; and “Students Quality and Number of Students” In addition, the subject is interested in management agencies such as the Ministry of Education and Training; People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City; Ho Chi Minh City Department of Education and Training; Enterprises using human resources are students of the University of Information in Ho Chi Minh City 1.3.2 Research scope 1.3.2.1 About content The topic studies the theoretical and practical issues of core competencies and improving human resources in Ho Chi Minh City; Assess the degree of influence of these factors on the NLL of CTU in HCMC; Determining the factors affecting the capacity of the University of Information Technology in Ho Chi Minh City; Determine the impact of these factors on the capacity of the universities; Proposing managerial implications on improving human resources for the universities of information technology in Ho Chi Minh City; The proposal has implications for the government in terms of appropriate and timely regulations, policies and support in order to create favorable conditions for universities to implement the necessary reforms and changes to improve their capacity in the direction of lasting 1.3.2.2 About space and time The topic is carried out on the scope of TTC universities in Ho Chi Minh City, some in-depth content will be surveyed at the representative universities of the industry The subjects of the survey are lecturers who are working at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The study was carried out from 2018 to 2020 The time range for this study was divided into periods of literature review in 2018, the author conducted qualitative research and quantitative research in 2019 and 2020 Scientific and practical significance of the thesis 1.3.3 Scientific significance of the thesis It is possible that the NLL analysis framework for CTU is a theoretical contribution (but that NLL analysis framework includes not only influencing factors but also stakeholders) This study contributes to expanding the existing scientific literature on the core competencies of CTU This study expands the theories related to the capacity of the CTUs, and at the same time clarifies the factors affecting the NLL of the CTUs in HCMC In addition, the study contributes to the development of research scales and research models on NLL of CTU in Ho Chi Minh City These scientifically significant contributions reinforce the novelty of this study 1.3.4 The practical significance of the thesis This study has important practical contributions to the administrators and managers of CTU in Ho Chi Minh City in particular and CTU in Vietnam in general in the context of international integration At the same time, this study also has practical value for scientific researchers because it is an updated reference on the factors affecting the NLL of CTU in HCMC and has implications for enhanced governance NLL of CTU in HCMC Specifically, the practical significance of this study is to provide in-depth knowledge about the factors affecting the NLL of CTU in HCMC The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding for administrators, school management levels related to how to improve the NLL of CTU in the context of integration while major trends in higher education Globally, it is likely to create opportunities for Vietnam to improve the relevance of Vietnamese higher education with higher education trends in the world (Parajuli et al., 2020) Accordingly, it helps to plan an appropriate strategy to develop human resources of CTU in a systematic way and most suitable to the context of integration and innovation of higher education This allows the organization's resources to be used optimally and efficiently Towards improving the capacity of CTU in a sustainable way More importantly, it is to enhance the contribution value of the private higher education system to Vietnam's socio-economic recovery and development in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic through "training and developing human resources" high-quality human resources” (Parajuli et al., 2020) Therefore, the results of this study can be of great interest to administrators in the field of education, especially higher education, administrators and lecturers of CTU, and state officials in the education sector education and government policy makers, etc This contribution reinforces the novelty of this study in terms of practical value 1.4 Objectives of the study On the basis of the assessment of the theoretical and practical contexts as described in Section 1.1, the research problem is determined to be the competence of the universities in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of integration and innovation of higher education Therefore, the focus of this study focuses on exploring the factors affecting the NLL of the CTUs in HCMC and the extent of their impact on the NLL of the CTU in the social context import and reform higher education From the research results and the actual situation, the author proposes the most appropriate management implications to improve the NLL of the universities of information technology in Ho Chi Minh City In addition, proposing recommendations to the government in terms of regulations, policies and appropriate and timely support to create favorable conditions for CTU to implement the necessary reforms and changes to improve the quality of life NLL towards sustainability The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the relationship between resource factors and core competencies of CTU In which, emphasis is placed on the relationship between the capacity of the management team, lecturers and the core competencies of CTU in the context of higher education integration and innovation To accomplish this goal, specific objectives are set as follows: (1) Determine the framework to analyze the resource factors affecting the core competencies of CTU 5 (2) Determine the relationship between resource factors and core competencies of CTU In particular, in-depth analysis of the relationship between the capacity of the management team, lecturers and the core competencies of CTU (3) Proposing governance implications and proposing solutions to improve the NLL of CTU in Ho Chi Minh City with a vision to 2030 In which, the first and second objectives are to meet the research gap about the need to comprehensively assess the resource factors that affect NLL and the relationship between them and NLL The third objective is to fill the research gap on the need for implications and solutions to improve the competence of CTU in the context of educational integration and innovation 1.5 Thesis structure The layout of this thesis in addition to the presented chapter 1, the remaining content will be presented in the next chapters with the following content: Chapter 2: Theoretical basis and research model The main objective of Chapter is to determine the factors affecting the NLL of CTU, to determine the theoretical basis related to the research topic and objectives On that basis, the research model and hypothesis are established Chapter 3: Research Design The main objectives of chapter are to define the research process, design the study, determine the appropriate sample size, develop and complete the questionnaire, determine the construction of the scale Chapter 4: Research results and discussion The main objective of chapter is to analyze research results and discuss research results, which are scales of capital, management team, lecturers, training and scientific research, and application of science and technology , student quality and number of students Chapter 5: Conclusion and managerial implications The main objective of chapter is to summarize the degree of completion of the research objectives set out, provide management implications along with appropriate solutions to improve the capacity of the university in HCMC At the same time, policy implications are also presented in chapter towards the necessary support of the government to help the universities in HCMC improve their capacity in the context of integration and innovation of higher education Chapter also outlines the specific limitations of this study and proposes future research CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH MODEL 2.1.1 Organizational core competencies: The concept of an organization's core competencies is mentioned a lot in the relevant literature as the basis for explaining the competitive advantage of the organization Accordingly, core competencies are conceptualized as the ability of a particular organization to perform a particular activity better than its competitors (Shieh et al., 2010) This is explained through the ability to optimize the value of the organization's strategic resources in the most consistent way by all parts of the organization (Collis et al., 1995) In addition, Long and Vickers-Koch (1996) argue that core competencies include skills, knowledge, techniques, and know-how that are superior to specific points of the value chain Furthermore, Hamel (1994) argues that an organization's core competencies should be defined as a category of ability to combine many individual techniques, not financial attributes, into a particular set of techniques Kahwaji et al (2020) argue that the ability to build, maintain and deploy NLL varies widely between organizations because the resources and skills of organizations are not the same In essence, however, an organization's NLL should be unique, allowing the organization to deliver differentiated value to their customers by leveraging their resources effectively while creating an advantage competition compared to competitors Gaining a sustainable competitive advantage is closely related to an organization's ability to identify, improve, and expand its NLLs, as well as the continued development of new NLLs 7 2.1.2 Core competencies of CTU In view of expansion, universities as educational institutions, like other institutions, are always “seeking ways to survive and develop in the market”, and “are making constant efforts” to improve the quality of life capacity building towards enhancing competitiveness (Mahdi et al., 2021) A recent study by Shin et al (2021) suggests that improving the university's capacity should necessarily be prioritized to create optimal conditions for the governance environment to contribute to improving the quality of higher education and improving efficiency performance of the university In addition, according to Doan (2020), in the current volatile context, the mission of higher education in general is to prepare "high-qualified human resources" to meet the market's demand for high-quality human resources labor for the present and for the future, and at the same time participate in the process of restructuring the labor market Accordingly, the capacity of universities and colleges reflects the ability to carry out the above mission Meanwhile, according to Suleiman et al (2017), the development of private higher education is the trend of the world and this trend confirms the importance of private higher education in the world higher education Many studies have been conducted with the aim of “explaining differences in performance” across universities, but the results show no consistency (Rasmussen et al., 2015) However, conceptually, the "difference in performance" of universities and colleges can be explained from the point of view of competence based on competitive resources On that basis, the capacity of the universities is perceived as the ability to react promptly to changes in society, changes in the "labor market" and "institutional changes" , towards "improving the quality of teaching and learning" From a broader perspective, the capacity of CTU is closely linked with the success of university management, which is most specifically reflected in the quality of output human resources assessed on the basis of comprehensive competence of human resources including professional capacity, innovative thinking capacity, personality, etc (Krishnaswamy et al., 2019) 2.1.3 Proposed Analytical Framework for Research Theory: Tangible resources / intangible resources (1) Core Competency Theory (2) Resource-based theory (3) Competency-based theory of competition Factors affecting the improvement of core competencies of CTU (1) Facilities (2) Source of capital (3) Management team, lecturers (4) Training and scientific research Internal and external factors: Legal documents, tangible and intangible resources, capabilities, etc (5) Application of science and technology (6) Student quality and number of students Core Competencies of CTU in Ho Chi Minh City Figure 2.1 : Analytical framework Source: Author's recommendation 2.1.4 “Proposed research model” The research model in this project is developed on the basis of the above discussion on the factors affecting the capacity of CTU and the relationship of these factors with the NLL of CTU Figure 2.2 below shows the proposed research model that has been verified by the results of qualitative research, including six relationships according to the six hypotheses discussed above Accordingly, the model “Analysis of the relationship between the capacity of management staff, lecturers and core competencies of private universities in the context of integration and innovation of higher education: a case study in the city Ho Chi Minh City” as follows: Infrastructure Capital Management team, lecturers H1(+) H2 (+) H3 (+) H4 (+) Core competencies of CTU Training and scientific research H5 (+) Applied science and technology H6 (+) Student quality and number of students Figure 2.2 Proposed research model Source: Author's recommendation 10 CHAPTER 3: STUDY DESIGN 3.1 "Research process" Scientific research involves a systematic process that focuses on research goals and collects documents, data, and information relevant to the research topic to analyze and answer research questions , in order to meet the identified research objectives The scientific process is a multi-step process in which these steps relate to each other and to other steps in the process If changes are made in one step of the process, the researcher must consider all the other steps to ensure that the changes are consistently reflected throughout the study Quantitative research to determine the factors affecting the NLL of the CTU in HCMC and the degree of influence of these factors The quantitative research process begins with a formal survey using the questionnaire agreed upon in step The survey was conducted for months from October 2020 to February 2021 Subjects The target of the survey is the lecturers who are working at the universities of information technology in Ho Chi Minh City The questionnaire was printed out and sent directly to the survey participants After screening, the data collected from this survey will be analyzed using the descriptive statistics software SPSS 20.0 by the following methods: a) Cronbach's Alpha test, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) b) Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) c) Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis d) Bootstrap analysis Presentation of results: This step presents the statistical results obtained from the above methods and analyzes these results in accordance with the requirements and aspects of the study 11 Research problem Objectives of the study Qualitative research Overview of previous studies, theoretical basis Determine the research model Building a scale Discussion groups Official scale Initial questionnaire survey Official Questionnaire Quantitative research Data collection Cronbach's Alpha Review EFA Reviews CFA Reviews Check the SEM linear structure model Bootstrap Analysis Research results Conclusion Management Implications 12 3.2 “Quality research results and research scales” a) Confirm the factors affecting the capacity of CTU as the author suggested in chapter These factors include (a) “Facilities”; (b) “Source of Funds”; (c) “Management team, lecturers”; (d) “Scientific training and research”; (e) “Application of science and technology”; and (f) “Students Quality and Number of Students” b) Develop a scale of research concepts based on a draft scale built by the author on the basis of reference to previous studies and adjusted to suit the research context and the purpose of the study 3.2.1 Scale "Facilities" Table 3.1 “CSVC” Scale Encode The scale CSVC1 Full school teaching equipment CSVC2 The school's classrooms are airy and comfortable CSVC3 Modern, user-friendly learning aids CSVC4 The campus is large, airy and has many facilities (Source: Author's interview results, 2020) 3.2.2 Scale “Capital resources” Table 3.2 “NV” scale Encode The scale NV1 Funding from stable tuition fees NV2 Stable source of funding from lecturers NV3 Stable source of capital from shareholders NV4 Capital from undistributed profits NV5 Stable source of funds from joint training activities (Source: Author's interview results, 2020) 13 3.2.3 Scale "Management team, lecturers" Table 3.3 “Teacher” scale Encode The scale GV1 Experienced management team, lecturers GV2 Management team, lecturers with high academic titles and degrees GV3 Dynamic management team, lecturers with a sense of innovation and creativity GV4 Management team, lecturers with quality scientific works are regularly published GV5 Management team, lecturers have modern educational thinking and are enthusiastic in education (Source: Author's interview results, 2020) 3.2.4 Scale “Training and scientific research” Table 3.4 Scale of “Scientific Research” Encode The scale NCKH1 The training program is updated annually in accordance with the regulations and trends of higher education innovation NCKH2 Training activities in the direction of learner-centered NCKH3 The training program is evaluated and accredited according to regulations NCKH4 Scientific research works published by prestigious publishers in the world increase every year (Source: Author's interview results, 2020) 14 3.2.5 Scale "Application of science and technology" Table 3.5 Scale “KH” Encode The scale KH1 The school has applied information technology to management KH2 Does the school apply information technology in teaching? KH3 The school has application of science & technology in learning KH4 Does the school contribute to scientific and technological progress? (Source: Author's interview results, 2020) 3.2.6 Scale “Students quality and number of students” Table 3.6 Scale “SV” Encode The scale SV1 The incoming students have the correct matriculation scores SV2 The number of graduates with good jobs and in line with expectations increases every year SV3 Students who have been admitted to the school have met the set enrollment targets SV4 Students have a high sense of learning and scientific research (Source: Author's interview results, 2020) 15 3.2.7 Scale "Core competencies of CTU" Table 3.7 Scale “NL” Encod e The scale NL1 The ability to supply high-quality labor for the society NL2 The ability to innovate, create, connect training with practice NL3 Scientific research capacity NL4 Capacity to develop startup ecosystem among students, alumni and businesses in society (Source: Author's interview results, 2020) 3.3 Confirmatory factor analysis CFA The results of the confirmatory factor analysis CFA show the following indexes: GFI = 0.942 > 0.9; TLI = 0.982 > 0.9; CFI = 0.985 > 0.9; RMSEA = 0.022 < 0.08; PCLOSE = 1,000 > 0.05; Chi-square/df = 1,228 < as shown in Figure 4.2 below This result confirms that the model fits the data (Hair et al., 2019; Hu & Bentler, 1999) In addition, the analysis results for p-values are all less than 0.05 Thus, all observed variables are significant in the model (Mohanty et al., 2015 3.4 Discussing research results 3.4.1 Discuss the “Facilities” factor The infrastructure factor was generally assessed at a moderate level in this study Statistical results show that the physical conditions at the university they are working for still need to be improved The following table 4.18 presents the statistical results of the facilities factor, thereby showing that in the four criteria for measuring the facilities factor, the criterion "The school's teaching equipment is adequate" is evaluated highest with an average value of 4.02 Next is “Cool and comfortable classrooms of the school” with an average value of 3.36 Next is “Modern, user-friendly learning aids” with an average value of 3.34, and finally “Large, airy and convenient campus” with an average value of 3.34 average is 3.32 Comparing these average values with the above values shows that the majority of lecturers at CTU in HCMC agree that teaching equipment is fully equipped by the school, while there is a neutral opinion established for the remaining criteria including classrooms, learning aids and school campus 16 3.4.2 Discussing the element “Capital resources” The capital factor is generally assessed at an average level in this study Statistical results show that most of the lecturers of CTU in HCMC not appreciate the financial resources at the CTU that they are working for The following table 4.19 presents the statistical results of the capital factor, thereby showing that among the four criteria for measuring the capital factor, the criterion "Stable tuition funding" is the most appreciated with the highest value average is 3.91 Next is “Capital from undistributed earnings” with an average value of 3.24 Next is “Capital from stable joint training activities” with an average value of 3.21, and finally “Capital from stable contributors” with an average value of 3.20 Comparing these mean values with the range of values mentioned above shows that the majority of lecturers at CTU in HCMC agree that funding is stable from tuition fees, while having a neutral opinion on with the remaining criteria of stable capital from other sources including undistributed profits, from joint training activities and from shareholders Thereby showing that the financial resources of the CTUs in Ho Chi Minh City, the statistical results show that the revenue from tuition fees has the most important contribution in the capital structure of the CTUs in HCMC today , which plays an essential role in stabilizing the operating capital of schools This conclusion supports the findings of the previous study by Vo et al (2019) Next, the statistical results show that the criteria for capital structure from undistributed profits, from joint training activities, and from capital contributing shareholders are only average, therefore, they cannot be determined identify the essential role of these three sources in the current capital structure of the universities of information technology in Ho Chi Minh City The above discussion shows that the current capital structure of the universities in HCMC is highly dependent on the revenue from tuition fees, thereby reflecting potential risks that may affect the maintenance operation of the school in the condition that the revenue from tuition fees is unstable for a certain period of time 3.4.3 Discussing the element “Management team, lecturers” The factors of management team and lecturers are generally assessed at a good level in this study Statistical results show that most of the lecturers of CTU in Ho Chi Minh City consider that the management team and lecturers at the CTU they are working with are quite good The following table 4.20 presents the statistical results of the management team and lecturers, thereby showing that in the criteria for measuring the factors of the management team and lecturers, the criterion "The management team and lecturers have a modern educational thinking and enthusiasm in education” was rated the highest with an average value of 4.16 Next is “Experienced management team and lecturers” with an average value of 4.12 Next is “A dynamic, innovative and creative management team and lecturers” with an average value of 3.63; “Management team, lecturers with high academic titles and degrees” with an average value of 3.60; and finally, “The management team, lecturers with quality scientific works are regularly published” with the average value of 17 3.57 Comparing these average values with the above values shows that the majority of lecturers at CTU in Ho Chi Minh City agree that universities in HCMC now have management and teaching staff have modern educational thinking and enthusiasm in education; experienced; dynamic, conscious of innovation and creativity; have academic titles, high degrees; and have quality scientific works published regularly 3.4.4 Discussing the element “Training and scientific research” The factors of training and scientific research were generally assessed at a fairly average level in this study Statistical results show that training and scientific research at CTU is only moderately good The following table 4.21 presents the statistical results of training and scientific research, thereby showing that in the four criteria for measuring the training and scientific research factors, the criterion "Training activities in the direction of people-oriented learning-centered” was rated the highest with a mean value of 3.83 Next is “Scientific research works published by prestigious publishers in the world increase every year” with an average value of 3.43 Next is “The training program is updated annually in accordance with the regulations and trends of higher education innovation” with the average value of 3.41; and finally, “Training program assessed and tested according to regulations” with the mean value of 3.40 Comparing these average values with the above values shows that the majority of lecturers at the universities in Ho Chi Minh City agree that the training activities of the schools currently follow the learnercentered trend center, while having a neutral opinion on the criteria of scientific research published by prestigious publishers in the world increases every year; training programs are updated annually in accordance with regulations and trends of higher education innovation; and training programs are evaluated and accredited according to regulations The neutral opinion reflects the concerns of the lecturers in the assessment of the quality and quantity of the university's scientific research works, the updated training programs according to regulations and trends in higher education innovation, and the Accreditation of training programs according to regulations and criteria for improving the quality of higher education Thereby reflecting that the universities in Ho Chi Minh City are following the trend of educational innovation in the world which is learner-centered, this needs to be maintained and promoted to improve the quality of higher education in the direction of development comprehensive capacity development for students based on the needs of students and society's needs for human resources for the future Besides this advantage, the above discussion shows that lecturers are still concerned about the assessment of the university's research productivity and the updating of the training program and the accreditation of the training program Thereby, it shows that, from the perspective of lecturers, the school's training program may not be updated in time compared to the innovation trend of higher education in the region and in the world In addition, the training program may not be completely tested according to the regulations, and moreover, to raise the quality standards towards improving the quality of higher education in general 18 In addition, universities may not have a plan to develop scientific research in depth and have no specific budget to develop scientific research, not have a team to focus on developing scientific research, etc., influence the research productivity of the university The results show that these three issues are of equal importance Therefore, from the perspective of lecturers, these issues need to be planned specifically and comprehensively, with a clear implementation roadmap, towards improving the professional training and scientific research capacity of the university 3.4.5 Discussing the element "Application of science and technology" The element of science and technology application is generally assessed at a fairly average level in this study Statistical results show that the application of science and technology at CTU is only moderately good The following table 4.22 presents the statistical results of the application of science and technology, thereby showing that in the four criteria for measuring the application of science and technology, the criterion "Is the school applying information technology in teaching” was rated the highest with a mean value of 3.94 Next is “Schools that apply science & technology in learning” with an average value of 3.54 Next is “The school has applied information technology to management” with the average value of 3.49; and finally “The school has contributed to scientific and technological progress” with the average value of 3.48 Comparing these average values with the above values shows that the majority of lecturers at the universities in HCMC agree that the school has applied information technology in teaching and the school has applied information technology in teaching use science and technology in learning Meanwhile, the remaining two criteria related to the application of information technology in management and contribution to scientific and technological progress were considered neutral The neutral opinion reflects the reluctance of the lecturers in whether the school will apply information technology in management and contribute to scientific and technological progress 3.4.6 Discuss the factor “Student quality and number of students” The factors of student quality and the number of students are generally assessed at a fairly average level in this study Statistical results show that the quality of students and the number of students at CTU are only moderately good The following table 4.23 presents the statistical results of student quality and number of students, thereby showing that of the four criteria for measuring student quality and number of students, the criterion “Incoming students” having the correct matriculation score” is rated the highest with an average value of 3.98 Next is “Students who are admitted to the school meet the set enrollment targets” with an average value of 3.29 Next is “Students have a high sense of learning and scientific research” with an average value of 3.27; and finally “The number of graduates with good jobs and in line with expectations increases every year” with an average value of 3.25 Comparing these average values with the above values shows that the majority of lecturers at the universities in Ho Chi Minh City agree that the incoming students have the correct matriculation scores, reflecting the quality of students Admissions officers to the school meet the prescribed entrance criteria Meanwhile, the remaining criteria are related to the completion of the 19 enrollment target in terms of the number of students, the sense of learning and scientific research of students during the study process, and the number of graduates have good jobs and live up to expectations of annual growth, are assessed as neutral The neutral opinion reflects the hesitation of the lecturers whether the annual enrollment activities will achieve the set targets, the students' sense of learning and scientific research during the study period is high and whether the number of graduates with good jobs and in line with expectations increases every year The results of the entrance students of the Universities of Information Technology in Ho Chi Minh City meet the prescribed standards Although students meet the entry requirements, the difference between the entry criteria and the defined output standards is very large This difference is mainly due to changes in the needs of society in general and the labor market in particular In the context of international integration, the demand for high-quality human resources increases in both quantity and quality, so meeting this demand means solving the society's need for human resources high-quality human resources to serve the implementation of socio-economic development goals in the new context From the lecturer's point of view, the quality of the incoming students is a necessary condition for the input resources of CTU and the quality of the output students is the goal that must be achieved to realize the mission of CTU In addition, with neutral opinions on the sense of learning and scientific research, the implementation of enrollment targets and the quality of student outputs, reflects the concerns of the lecturers about these issues 3.4.7 Discussing the element "Core competencies of CTU" The NLL factor of the universities is generally assessed at an average level in this study Statistical results show that most of the lecturers of the CTUs in Ho Chi Minh City consider that the NLL of the CTUs they are working for is only average The following table 4.24 presents the statistical results of the capacity of the universities, thereby showing that in the four criteria for measuring the competency factor of the universities, the criterion "The capacity for innovation, creativity, and connection to training is closely related to the criteria for measuring the capacity of the universities with practice” was rated the highest with a mean value of 3.51 Next is “Capability to develop the startup ecosystem among students, alumni and businesses in society” with the average value of 3.48 Next are “Capacity to supply high quality labor for society, stability and growth” and “Professional scientific research capacity” with the same average value of 3.46 Comparing these average values with the above values shows that the majority of lecturers at CTUs in HCMC agree that the CTUs in HCMC have the capacity to innovate, create and connect training linked to practice This capacity is very important in the current international integration context because only by being proactive in innovation and creativity can we survive in the context of many fluctuations and only by attaching training to practice can we achieve success Be successful in higher education because the world's higher education trend is towards developing comprehensive competencies for students, building global citizens 20 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS 4.1 Conclusion NLL approach for this thesis is the result of optimally integrating, manipulating and organizing important resources to create competitive values These resources belong to three groups of resources according to the resource-based view of Barney (1991) which are physical resources, human resources, and competitive organizational resources The new point of NLL approach in this thesis is not only enhancing competitive advantage for CTU but also creating practical value for society through high quality (comprehensive) and willing labor resources work, develop the startup ecosystem The research results address the need for a comprehensive assessment of resource factors that affect NLL and their relationship with NLL In addition, the research results address the need for implications and solutions to improve the capacity of CTU in the context of educational integration and innovation The results of this study fulfilled the research objectives set out initially Firstly, the research results have identified resource factors affecting the capacity of CTU in Ho Chi Minh City, including "facilities", "capital", "training and scientific research", " management staff and lecturers", "application of science and technology" and "student quality and number of students", which previous studies have not covered Second: the research results have determined the impact relationship between resource factors and NLL Thirdly: based on the research results, the author gives the managerial implications along with the proposed solutions to improve the NLL of the universities in Ho Chi Minh City as presented in the following section 5.2 This study uses a combination of quantitative research methods and qualitative research methods to achieve optimal results The application of this combined method allows the author to exploit the advantages of each method Accordingly, the qualitative research method was carried out through group discussions and in-depth interviews with experts through open-ended questions, allowing the author to delve deeply into the factors affecting the capacity of universities in Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City today Meanwhile, the quantitative research method using questionnaires to collect data allows the author to collect primary data suitable for the purpose of the study and the research object in this thesis Qualitative research was carried out with a group of 20 experts and quantitative research using a survey questionnaire with an initial number of 485 votes The survey subjects were lecturers at universities in HCMC The selected survey method is to send paper questionnaires to survey participants in person or by post The total number of survey questionnaires collected was 478 votes, after screening to eliminate incomplete survey questionnaires, the results obtained 465 satisfactory votes The results of the reliability assessment using Cronbach's Alpha show that all the independent and dependent variables in the proposed research model are reliable However, for the NV scale, the first Cronbach's Alpha results show that the observed variable NV2 does not reach the reliability because the correlation coefficient Variable - Total adjusted is less than 0.3 The results of the second Cronbach's Alpha test for the NV scale, after removing NV2, 21 determine the reliability of the NV scale Therefore, a total of 29 valid observed variables were included in the EFA exploratory factor analysis The results of EFA analysis show that factors affecting the capacity of CTU remain unchanged Research results show that factors include (1) “Facilities”; (2) “Capital source”; (3) “Management team, lecturers”; (4) “Training and scientific research”; (5) “Application of science and technology”; and (6) “Student quality and number of students”, which have a positive impact on the capacity of the University of Technology in HCMC Statistical results show that the factor “quality of students and number of students” has the strongest impact on the capacity of CTU, followed by “facilities” respectively; “training and scientific research”; "capital"; “management team, lecturers”; and finally "application of science and technology" In addition, all proposed research hypotheses about the relationship between these factors and the capacity of information universities are accepted with existing data The capacity factor of the organization in general always receives special attention by entrepreneurs, investors, management levels, business executives, etc., because of its importance to the existence and organizational development Therefore, the organization's NLL is more interested in today's changing context In this study, organizational capacity is concretized into the capacity of universities in HCMC With that importance, it is urgent to have a deep understanding of the mechanism to improve the capacity of CTU in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of international integration The results of this study provide novel theoretical and practical contributions Theoretically, firstly, most of the research related to this topic is approached by qualitative method Therefore, this study can contribute to solving the problem of the scarcity of scientific literature on the capacity of the quantitative universities Second, this study contributes to the completion of the scale of capacity and factors to improve the capacity of CTUs in Ho Chi Minh City that previous studies have not covered In practical terms, the novelty of this study is the provision of in-depth knowledge on the factors affecting the capacity of the CTUs in HCMC and the mechanism to improve the NLL of the CTUs in HCMC that the CTUs in Ho Chi Minh City have Previous research has not been comprehensive Specifically, the practical significance of this study is to provide in-depth knowledge about the factors affecting the capacity of CTUs in HCMC The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding for administrators and school management levels related to how to improve the university's NLL in the context of integration while major trends in higher education Globally, it is likely to create opportunities for Vietnam to improve the relevance of Vietnamese higher education with higher education trends in the world (Parajuli et al., 2020) Accordingly, it helps to plan an appropriate strategy to develop the school's capacity in a systematic way and most suitable to the current context This allows the organization's resources to be used optimally and effectively, aiming to improve the school's NLL in a sustainable way 22 4.2 Management Implications The focus of this section presents the managerial implications of improving the NLL of CTU in HCMC on the basis of improving and developing the "resources" and "capabilities" of the university In addition, the author gives implications for the government related to institutional issues, policies and regulations, which affect the existence and development of CTUs in Ho Chi Minh City This section is especially important for leaders of CTUs in HCMC, managers and lecturers of CTUs in HCMC, and government policy makers 4.3 Limitations of the study and suggestions for research directions The first limitation of this study is the scope of application of the results Because this study only focuses on the Ho Chi Minh City area, the results of this study may not be completely applicable in other contexts with differences in economy, society, culture, mechanism , policy, competition, etc The second limitation of this study is the sample size Because this study surveyed a number of 465 samples, according to the convenience sampling method, the results of this study may differ from other studies conducted on a smaller or more sample, or the perform differently The third limitation of this study is that it has not deeply assessed the relationship between the age of the lecturer, the number of years of experience of the lecturer, the qualifications of the lecturer, the number of years of operation of the school, the size of the school, etc., with the capacity of universities in HCMC Therefore, research results may differ if research is conducted from a different perspective, for example, a student perspective, a school leadership perspective, or an independent school entity, etc LIST OF WORKS ANNOUNCED Domestic magazine Circuit Tran Huy, Nguyen Van Tan, (2019) Factors affecting capacity building of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh, No 21, July (703), Journal of Economics & Forecasting Circuit Tran Huy (2021) What competencies are needed for the integrated development of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City: Survey of lecturers, No 17, July (136), Industry and Trade magazine