Một số vấn đề mới trong thiết kế và xây dựng âu tàu

iett:'bal DitN B A N KHOfl HQC • C N G NGHfi lOT S6 VAN DE MGI TRONGJ|_||g'j KE V A XAY D J N G A U TAU • * PGS TS N G U Y I N HQU DAU Ldi din : Trong khodng 25 ndm qua ke tCC PIANC (Hiep hoi Quoc ti' Thudng true cdc Hoi nghi Hang hdi) cong bo Bdo cdo PIANC 1986: "Bdo cdo cuoi ciing cua Uy Ban Quoc te ve nghien ciiu du tdu" cho den ndm 2009 PIANC cong bo Bdo cdo so 106 - 2009: "Cdc sdng tao mdi thiet ke du hdnh thuy " ehung ta dd duac ehvtng kien rdt nhieu thdnh tuu moi ve khoa hgc cong nghe thiet ke vd xdy dung du tdu Bdi viet dudi day nham gidi thieu tdm tat cde thdnh tuu do, ddng thdi ciing Id mot phdn ket qud nghien ciiu khudn khd Be mue 3.3 " Thiet ke sd bo cdng trinh vUctt de (du tdu)" Be tdi Nghien ciiu: "Bdnh gid tdc dong eua Bu dn Be bien Vi^ng Tdu - Go Cong den Giao thong Van tdi (DTTL20II - G/61)" Hdi Cdng - Budng thuy - Them luc dia Viet Nam thuc hien I TRIET LY THIET KE AU MCti /./ Nguyen tdc thiS't ke: Phan n^y triinh bay nhffng nguy6n l^c thie'i k^'chinh v& dac biet tap trung vSo nhu'ng thay ddi 25 nSm qua k^ tir bdo c^o loSn di6n ve au cua PIANC nSm 1986 Ngay nhffng du* dn Idn nhff §u cin dffdc th^m dinh bdi nhilu nghidn cu\i khdc Khdng chi nghien cffu ky thuat (vS'n de thiet k^') m& ca chi phi cua chiing cung la nhffng dilm chinh nghidn cffu khd thi Mpt loat cdc nghidn cffu v& xem xdt khdc da dffdc yeu cau: $ Tdc ddng m6i trffftng: d6ng chay sdng, khdng khi, tifi'ng dn, cd, chim v& cdc dpng vSt khdc, thffc vat v& nffdc ngam ® PhSn tich nii ro: Trong phdn tich dffa trdn rui ro, nli ro dffdc xem nhff h$u qud cda pha hoai theo t^n suSt xuat hidn cua sff kidn CAE.C MX^ CO the gay hff hong Cdc sff kien tai nan Idn can dffdc xem xdt vk ddnh gid Mffe dp cua mpi bidn phdp giam nhe se dffdc dffa tren cac nghidn cffu n&y Vi du nhff: cin thid't cd mdt cdng khan cap dffdc cung cd'p ndng Iffdng du" ph5ng hay dai gia cff&ng dd chd'ng ngap lut, v.v O Thao luan vdi cpng ddng v& eff dan dja phffdng: Ngay dff ludn cdng cpng co anh hffdng chinh dd'n Iffa chpn thid't ke' va cac giai phdp ky thudt cua he thd'ng du Phffdng dn dffdc ffa thich hdn ve ky thudt hay kinh te* cd th^ bi loai cdc \-^ mdi trffdng, dff ludn cdng cdng hay khdc nffa Do dd thao ludn vdi cdng ddng va eff ddn dia phffdng giai doan thid't kd' ban dau cd vai tro sd'ng cdn qud trinh quy hoach , can td chffc mpt nhdm cdc ngffdi dffdc uy nhidm chinh O Phdn tich kinh td' vd tdi chinh: Chi phi 39 Biei£:'bd D I £ N D A N K H O A HQC • C N G N G H ^ dff dn van 1^ quan trpng vd eln ih^m dinh chd'p nh$n dd dat dffdc mffe dd ydu clu nhdfl vide dlu tff Cdc dff dn cd ldi nhu^n cao nhd't dinh vd ndng Iffc kd't cd'u dffa trdn cdc chu k^ trdn tl sd'chi phi cin dffdc xem xdi nghidn cffu Ird lai tid'p lheo Trong thffc Id' d My, dd dinh nghia cdc O Nhilu qud'c gia cd cdc ngudn sd^ li$u chu k)' trd lai cho mOt loai ldi Irpng da cho rd't id't vd thid't kd' Su nhff Trung Qu^c, Phdp, ngffdi ta sff dung ba cd'p hang didu ki$n tdi Dffc vd Hd lan My Cue Cdng binh My cd trpng nhff sau : EM 1110-2-2602, "Quy hoach vd Thi^tkd'Su Thffdng xuydn - Trffdng hdp ndy Id hdnh thOy" (Trong nffdc ta, cdc chi d§n thi^t didu ki$n khai thdc binh thffifng vd cin linh kd' thffdng sff dung cdc tdi li^u hffdng d§n dd^n nhidu tdi trpng nhd't mdt chu k>' au thid't kd" du tiu cOa Lidn Xd cu vd Nga hi^n dly dd vd cdc ydu clu dn dinh cao nhSt xay nay) cdc didu kidn binh thffdng Cdc tdi I.I.I "TiS'p c4n bdn xdc sud't" vd "Ti&'p trpng ndy cd thd dff kid'n x^y thffdng xuydn tudi thp cda cdng trinh vd khdng dff cdn tiin djnh " Trong "Tid'p cdn tidn dinh" cd hai ydu kid'n x^y hff hdng My loai ndy tffdng clu (tdi trpng) vd khd nSng (dd bdn) dffdc ffng vdi 50% khd ndng bi vffdt qud Irong bat thid't lap lheo cdc tidu chu^n vd thffc id" dd k$' ndm da cho trffdc - Khdng thffdng xuydn - Trong cdc didu dffdc ghi nhdn Sff dung mdt hd sd' an todn dd kidm tra ndu cdc dnh hffdng (ffng su^t thffdng kidn ndy, thid't kd' cin tinh dd'n cdc tdi trpng xuyen vd/hodc chuyen vi) gay b5i cdc tdi khdng thffdng xuydn md cd thd x^y tai cdc vi tri du binh thffdng, nhff va tau, cdc mffe bao trpng Id nho hdnffngsud't cho phdp Ngdy nay, cdch ti^p cdn tidn dinh dang hda khdng thffdng xuydn, nit bd dinh kj, cdc dffdc thay thd'bdi cdch tid'p cdn bdn xdc suat mffe nffdc thap, tdi trpng gid vd d^ng d^t cd (nhff da xem xdt Eurocodes) dd dp sd khai thdc Didu kidn thdo nffdc Su eung dung cdc he sd'an lodn ridng phln cho cdc lai dffdc xem xdi trffdng hcfp ndy vdi cdc trpng (cdc hd sd* tdng thdm) vd cho dO bdn tdi trpng tffdng ffng vdi mffe nffdc dff kid'n vd (cdc hd sd^ giam di) Thay ddi cdc hd sd' ndy cdc didu kidn dly ndi Cung cin xem xdt cdc tudn theo trang thdi gidi han dang xem xdt didu ki$n thi cdng nhff mdt trff^ng hdp tdi (ydu clu vd ndng Iffc cila cdng trinh), loai tdi trpng khdng IhffCfng xuydn Trong didu kien nhtf vdy, lodn bO tdi trpng ddTt ndn, Im ffdt trpng vd cdc kidu phd hoai Ndn tdng ciia cdch li^p cdn bdn xdc suS'l hay bao hda cd hay khdng cd dly ndi, (tudn Id m5iffng\vi vdt 1^ cda cdc tai Irpng vd cdc lheo cde ydu clu thi^t kd' vd thi cdng), khd dac trffng cd hpc Id bd't dinh (ffng xd cd tinh ndng sd dung nhff m OMO Bient^bd Dlfat B A N KHOA Hpc - CdNG NGHfi Bang 2.3 Kich thffdc cic cang bfin ngoii cd cic bfi'n mfit bfin Cip CEMT B(m) S(lTl) B,K (m) 5,1 6,0 3,0 U 6,6 7,5 3,5 11 8,2 9,0 4,5 IV 9,5 10,5 5,0 11,4 Va 12.5 6,0 Vb 11,4 12.5 7,0 C h i J : Xem HiiUi ? v / y nghTa cua cdc Icy iii^u •IL.,ld chiiu ddi cua hudng du Trong cdc dffdng thdy cd cffdng dO giao thdng cao cin xdy dffng hai hay nhidu budng Su, bd'tri mdt blng cdng bdn ngodi cd thd nhff trdn Hinh 2.4 Khi cdc cffdng dd giao thdng qud thip dd xdy dffng edc budng Su ddnh ridng, khdng chi B,(m) 5,0 6,0 7,5 8,5 10,5 11,5 Ln/L,H(m) 1,0-1,2 1,0-1,2 1,0-1,2 1.0- 1,2 1,0-1,2 1,0-1,2 budng Su dd md cd cdng bdn ngodi cung can san xd cho cdc loai tiu khdc Hinh 2,5 Ihd hidn mdt blng cho cdng bdn ngodi cd mpt sd' cdc cdng trinh cdp tiu md cd thd ddng cho ca hai loai thffdng mai vd du thuydn vd van giff sff ridng bidl giffa chdng vdi Hinh 4- Cang bdn ngoai cho du kep vd ben tren cd hai bdn 50 IGOtn ' L ! - td Intam] ndwtg«tk>n "Wid^acS Hinh 2.5: Gang bdn ngoai co cac ben cho' cho du thuydn Snti.Lti.tJam onto 51 Bieit:'bd Diiav D A N KHOA H Q C - C N G NOHt Khi dffdng thdy Id sdng vd xd bi khd'ng chd'bdi ddp ngdn, thtfdng Su vd dSp ngSn bd' tri canh trdn mdt vj tri Da chffc ndng phd'i hdp mOl td hdp, dffa dd'n m0t sd' ydu clu thdm vdo dd'i vdi mdt blng cda cdng bdn ngodi Su, hay ndi cdch khdc cdc ydu clu dd'i vdi kdnh vdo vd kdnh cda dSp, nhff sd 1MIH ill«r*Mg» ihwUMl i.' A\.: dd trinh bIy trdn Hinh 2.6 Cin ri't cin th$n dd cdc xody nffdc hay ddng chdy ngang giff dd xa khdi cdc vdng md vide vSn hdnh rlt phffc tap, vi du nhff gin cdc khu vtfc vdo du Cdc tffdng din cd thd dffdc ddng dd gidm nhe dnh hffdng cda ddng chdy bS't ldi »umbtUiUiHI iiimriiitttttt