Phân tích xác định lực hút và lực tiếp tuyến của động cơ đồng bộ tuyến tính

NGHIEN CUfU TRAO 06l PHAN TICH XAC O I N H Ll/C HUT VA LliC TIEP TUYEN CUA PQNG Cd OONC BO T U Y E N T I N H TS Khdng Cao Phong, TS Nguyin Dilc Khoat Trfldng Dai hpc Md - Dia chdt Ngfldi phdn bifo: TS Phan Minh Tao T M TAT Dgng cd tuyen tinh dd dUdc phdt minh ta thdi ky dau cua linh vtic mdy diln, nhang den nhHq ndm gdn ddy mdi bdt dau dadc ang dung rang rdi Vile phdn tick tinh toan cdc lac tdc dgng iren dmgct Id cdn thiet cho viec ang dung hieu qud loai dgng cd ndy Ngi dung bdi bdo lien hdnh phdn tich tinh tmii cho mgt doi tUdng cu the la dgng cd dong bg tuyen tinh Ket qud thu davc dudc kicm chdng bdngpMn mem mo phong vd ket qud thac nghiem ABSTRACT Linear motor was invented at the beginning of the electric machine era Iiowevcr they are widel)' applied in the last few years The analization, calculation forces acting on the machine are necessary jot using this type of machine with high effect In this paper, the forces of permanent magnet linear motor an analyzed and calculated Ther results were verified by simulation software and practical measurement MO DAU Dpng ca tuyen tinh, hieu mpt each dOn gian, la mpt dpng ccf dien c6 stator va rotor diJ(?c trai thang (hinh 1) Trai ngilpc vdi dpng ca quay thong thadng, dong cd tuyen tinh tao lUc day dpc theo chieu dat cua dpng ca Dieu co nghia la khong co mo-men hay chuyen dpng quay dUpc tao bdi sd ttlPng tac gifla tii trdcfng va dong dien d dpng ca tuyen tinh Vdi dac diem nhU vay, dpng cd tuyen tinh co mpt so iTu diem so vdi dpng cd quay viec tao chuyen dpng thang Dpng Cd tuyen tinh khac phuc dUOc cac nhifdc diem cua he thong truyen dpng thang truyen thong (dpng cd quay - true vit-me bi) d nhflng diem sau [1][2]: E TAP CHi CO KHf VlfiT NAM • rs ^ ^'•^ Hinh 1: Hinh anh tiirfng tiidng cua viec tao rad tuyen tinh [3] S6 (Tl^g4nam 2012) NGHIEN cau-TRAO D6| • Dpng cd cd ket cau ddn gian, de che tao • Khong can ca cau cd doi tfl chuyen dong quay sang chuyen dpng tinh tien • Cd dp tin cay va chinh xac cao, ddn gian va an toan van hanh cac thiet bi khoan bdm 16 gieng dau Them vao dd, dpng Cd tuyen tinh cung dflpc flng dung cho viec ddng md cac cfla trflpt tfl dpng tren tau dien, cfla budng thang may hay di chuyen ban may cua cac may gia cdng vat lieu cd yeu cau chuyen ddng theo he true X-Y (may cat laze, m^y sdn, han tfl dpng, may CNC ) • Co kha nang chuyen ddng tinh ti6i vdi toe dp cao - Thdi gian dap flng nhanh; toe dp dap flng cua thiet bi truyen dpng ddng cd tuyen tinh Idn hdn rat nhieu Ian so vdi cac bd truyen cd • It gay on lam viec, bao dfldng cung de dang hdn, tuoi thp trung binh dai hdn Dxiac phat minh tfl nhflng dau cua lich sfl dpng ca dien, ddng co tuyen tinh dfldc flng dung dau tien linh vflc giao thdng Dpng cd tuyen tinh dau tien dfldc sfl dung viec van tai la "Axial Engine", dfldc phat trien bdi Charles Grafton Page (1812-1868) [4]-[6] Cac nghien cflu phat trien tiep theo la cac phat minh cua Alfred Zehden (1905) [7], Hermann Kemper (1935) [8] va Eric Laithwaite (cuoi nhflng nam 1940) Ngay nay, cd nhieu he thdng van tai hanh khach flng dung dpng ca tuyen tinh nhU he thdng tau cao toe Maglev, he thdng tau dien tfl Linimo ciia Nhat Ban hay he thong tau cao toe Transrapid cua Dflc Mpt so flng dung van tai hanh khach sfl dung dgng ed tuyen tinh khac nhfl he thong tau nhanh cua cdng ty Bombardier, mdt sd he thong tau dien ngam mdi cua Nhat Ban hay cac tau dien tren cao (skytrain) d san bay Frankfurt, San Francisco B^n canh cac flng dung van tai cong cdng, dpng cd tuyen tinh cung dfldc flng dung nhieu linh vdc truyen ddng khac Dong ca tuyen tinh dildc flng dung de tao gia toe cho xe gddng eac trd chdi mao hiem (roller coaster) Ddng Cd tuyen tinh dat thang dflng phii hdp vdi nhflng I flng dung cd gidi han khdng gian nhd hep va yeu ' cau dp eao Idn vi dii nhfl thang may cua cac toa nha chpc trdi, cho cae gieng dflng cd dp sau Idn cong nghiep khai thac md hay flng dung cho Hinh 2: Phan loai dpng co tuyen tinh Vdi lich sfl phat trien lau ddi ciing nhfl dfldc flng dung rdng rai vao nhieu linh vflc, dpng cd tuyen tinh cung cd rat nhieu loai flng dung thflc te Neu phan loai theo cau trflc hinh hoe [9], ddng co tuyen tinh dflpc phan loai nhfl tren Hinh Dfla vao hinh dang cua phSn sd cap va thfl cap cua ddng ca, ngfldi ta cd ddng cd tuyen tinh dng (tubular linear motor) neu rotor va stator dflpc cupn trdn lai thay vi de phang nhfl d ddng ed tuyen tinh phSng (flat linear motor) Trong mdi nhdm, ddng cd tuyen tinh lai dfldc che tao dfldi dang ddng ca tuyen tinh stator dai (long primary) va ddng co tuyen tinh stator ngan (short primary) Ddng ca cd stator dai cd phan sd cap, bao gom loi sat tfl va cupn day sd cap, dai hdn so vdi phan thfl cap cua ddng ca Va ngUde lai, d dpng cd stator ngan cd phan thfl cap dai hdn phan sd c^p Trong Idai dpng cd tuy^n tinh phang, ngfldi ta lai chia ddng ed tuyen tinh mot mat (single side) neu ddng cd cd mpt mat tfldng tac gifla stator va rotor va dpng cd tuyen tinh hai mat (double side) neu dpng cd cd hai mat tfldng tac Neu phan loai theo dae diem ve dien, dpng ca tuyen tinh cung dfldc phan loai nhfl dpng ed dien thdng thfldng khac Vdi so Ifldng va chung loai dpng cd tuy^n tinh dfldc flng dung rdng rai nhfl hien nay, viec'^ TAP CHI C O KHI VIET NAM V Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO D G I nghien cflu phdn tich dac di^m cua cac loai ildng CO tuyfo tinh Id can thiet de phuc vu cho cdc iiiig /(„(.Vv) = fi,„-sin (^,.,.,-,„,) dung difo khifo chiing Trong ndi dung bid I'.io nay, tdc gia dfla nhflng tinh tndn ly thuyft chp Trong dd, S^/^ 1^ mat dp tfl thdng cii viec xdc dinh cdc Ifle tfldng tdc gifla statpr vd rptpr nam cham vinh cflu tr^ i l h i i c a C cua di ng CO cua ddng eP ddng bd tuyfo tinh (bap gdm lUc ti Jp tuyfo vd Ifle hut) Mi,ie dich cua cdc tinh toan ndy Id ii xdc dinh dUpc md hinh todn hpc ciia ddng CP ddng bp tuyfo tinh Di,ia vdp dd ed th^ tinh tpan thiet ke bd difo khifo flng dung trpng vi^e difo khifo khe hd khdng chp ddng ca tuytfn tinh hai mat tupng tdc, khdng can phan tfl php trp Ket qud tren cung ed the dung cho trUdng hpp difo khifo cdc h? thdng truyen dpng thdng khdng dung bac Idt, d bi (sfl dpng d?m tfl trUdng) M O HlNH NGHlfeN C U Md hinh nghien cflu day la mot dpng ca ddng bp tuyen tinh cd phan sd cap va thfl cap bieu dien nhfl tren Hinh Tren hinh ve, he true tpa dp Xs y^ A dfldc gan vdi phan sd cap va he tpa dp x„ y„ dfldc gan vdi phan thfl cap cua ddng ca Khoang each gifla Hinh 3; Mat dp phan bo lii trudng va dong dien gdc tpa dp cua hai he tpa la XQ Gia thiet day Vdi eac gia thiet d iron lu\: tiep tuyen va quan phan sd cap ditdc phan bd deu va dfldc bieu dien thay the tfldng dfldng b^ng bieu thflc phan li^c hap dan gifla sd cap va thfl cap ciia dongcd bd mat dp ddng dien Phfldng trinh phan bo mat dflpc phan tieh va tinh loan nhu phu luc, dp ddng dien tren he triic tpa dp sd cap (he tpa dp Ket qua thu dflpc la liic da\' F, va Iflc hap dan tinh) la: F\ phu thupc khdng luyen linh vdi ddng dien phan sd cap (i^) cua dong ca, khe hd khong Mxs)= ^-^cos| •f") (1) gifla sd cap va thfl cap ( d ) va gdc lech pha (0o) tao bdi khoang each gifla hai goc tpa dp Trong dd, /'„ \k bien dp cua ddng dien, la gdc pha cua ddng dien, A^i la sd vong day tren K^ + Kj il + K2 i.i C05(e - TI-Yy I) F'^ = mpt pha cua mot efle tfl, x va la bflde cflc Gia thiet tfl trfldng ciia phan thfl cap cung cd phan bo hinh sin, mat dp phan bd tfl thdng cua nam cham vinh cflu khe hd khdng se dfldc bieu di^n nhfl sau: A'4/aSin(8-JtXo T ) (/t+^w Trong dd: I S TAP CHi CO KHi VlfiTNAM S6 (Thang nam 2012) # NGHIEN Cflu TRAO D6| di Id chifo ddy khe hd khdng khi, d^ la dp ddy cua nam cham vinh cflu, Ki,K2,Ki,K.i la cdc hang sd cua ddng cP dflpc xdc dinh nhu trpng phu luc De cd the sfl dung phUPng phdp dieu vecto tfl trfldng (field-priented), (3) vd (4) dflpc bifo difo lai thep ddng dq: i llinh Mu hmh kitin JiiJng FTL - f^i FjR - Kt (12) du + > ' o - (13) ^M+Jo + S Ket qua md phdng va thflc nghiem dilflc so sanh vdi ket qua tinh toan dfldc the hien tren Hinh 6-Hinh Bang 1: Tham so chinh cua dpng cd tuyen tinh d day: Fj-^ la Iflc tiep tuyen d ben trai va phai cua ddng cd Phan so* cap Kich thuoc ;'- x h x w 504x65x42 mm Tuyen tinh hda hai phfldng trinh d tr^n ket qua thu dfldc: V+7 du+y« ;rVo {du+yo) (14) Chieu dai cue Buoc rang Chieu roiig ranh So ranh tren mot stator Phan thir cap Kich thiKJc i'j X /?_ X11 T T, b, y 36 mm 12 mm mm 42 168x60x12 ?nm Ki du+yt, Ki •^5 (15) {du+y„) D^ ki^m tra dd chinh xac cua cac phfldng trinh d tren, cae thi nghiem tr^n ehfldng trinh md phdng dfla tren tinh toan phan tfl hflu han (FEM) va md hinh thi nghiem thflc te dfldc thi^t ke nhfl trenh Hinh Vdi thdng sd eiia dpng cd cho bans TAP CHl CO KHl VlfiT NAM • Kich thuoc nam cham Chieu dav nam cham So nam cham tren mot mat Du heu chuDg Khe ho khong khi = Dong dien dinh muc Dong dien cue dai Luc day djnh miic Khoi luong phan di chuyen Sd (Thdng nam 2012) 30x34 mm / d mm V 1.2mm_^ }\ i, 2.9 Amis I^^ 21.3 Anns F _ N _ _ ^ m 5-7 Kg ^ ^ NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D | Dau tien, dp lech cua phan thfl cap ddng cd dflpc thay ddi gia tri va lUe hut dfldc xac dinh bang tinh toan, md phdng va tren md hinh Ket qua dfldc the hien tren hinh x.a va b Cf dfldng mau xanh dfldng la ket qua tinh toan, dfldng mau xanh la cay la ket qua md phdng va mau dd la ket qua tren md hinh - \-~- u y JJKM '.iiid a Ket qud trin mo hinh mo phong (FEM) U- \ / Hmh 7: Ket qua mo phong lflc hiit tfldng flng vdi gia tri goc phafij b Kit qud trin mo hinh thUc nghiem Hinh 6: Bien thien ciia lflc hiit dp lech thay doi Sau do, dp lech va dong dien phan flng dong cd dfldc cd dinh d nhflng gia tri xac dinh, gia tri ddng dien dq dfldc thay ddi bang each thay doi gdc pha 9^ Ket qua thu dfldc la cac dfldng cong bieu dien sfl phu thupc cua lflc hut vao gdc pha tfldng flng Tren hinh x la ket qua tinh toan va md phdng Tren hinh x, la ket qua tinh toan va Ifldng tren md hinh Hinh 8: K^t qua thflc nghiem lflc hiit tfldng flng vdi gia tri gdc pha 0^ TAP CHI C O KHf V l £ T NAM Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO DOI KET LUAN Bang vi?e phan tich tinh todn ly thuyet, bdi bdo dd neu dflpc phfldng trinh tinh todn lflc hut vd lflc tiep tuyfo gifla stator vd rotor cua dpng cP ddng bd tuyfo tinh Kft qud tinh tpdn ly thuyet dii dupc kiem ehflng bdng ket qud md phdng vd md hinh thflc nghiem Kft qud so sdnh cho thay sfl diing ddn cua viec phdn tich vd cdc gid thift {di don gidn hda vi?c phdn tich) cd dnh hfldng khdng nhilu de'n gid tri tinh todn Kft qud phdn tich thu dUpe d trpng bdi bao cd the dflpc sfl dung ii: - Tinh tpdn thift ki chp cdc co cau mdy dung d?m tfl trfldng (khdng dung d bi, bac Idt) - Tinh todn bp dieu khifo vi tri phan thfl cap dpng ddng bd tuyfo tinh hai mat tdc dpng khdng dung dfo CP cdu gifl ca