KHOA HOC CONG NGHE ANH Hl/CfNG CUA MOT SO YEU TO c A u TRUC vA Sir DUNG DEN c A c T H A N H PHAN LU^C C A N C A Y NGAM Doan Van T h u ' ZTOM TAT Khi canh tac tren da't lam nghiep, liTc can cay ngam chiu anh hirdng bdi rat nhiiu ye'uto, ngoai cac ye'u to ve dieu kien dia hinh va tinh chat da't dai, cac phan life can cay chiu anh hiTcing ra't ldn vao che sU dung, ke't ca'u va tinh trang ky thuat bo phan lam viec cua cay Ke't qua nghien cUu thiTc nghiem da xac dinh diTdc mifc anh hirdng ciia cay sau, van toe cay va ca'u Uric bo phan lam viec de'n lire can cay ngam: Khi tang sau cay tU 0,35 m len 0,45 m va 0,55 m life can cay tang len 118% va 135%; vdi cay^gam anh hiTdng ciia van toe cay de'n he so life can rieng Ko la khong ldn nhiT d cay lat, ke't ca'u va tinh trang ky thuat cay hdp ly cung giam he so life can rieng tU 15 - 20% De giam chi phi nang liTdng, nang cao hieu qua lam viec cua lien hdp may cay ngam can nghien citu toi \Xu hda ve ca'u Uijc va che' sii dung cho phu hdp vdi dieu kien lam viec TU khoa: He sdluc cdn rieng cdy ngdm, cay sdu, van tdc, cdu true bo phan ldm viec L DAT VAN DE Trong iam nghiep cay ngam la thiet bi tiiich hPp de lam da't udng rffng, so vdi cac may lam da't khac, cay ngam cd chi phi nang lUPng tha'p, dp sau lam da't Idn, ban che rUa Udi, xdi mdn va dam bao dupc cha't lUpng lam da't theo yeu cau canh tac De lien hpp may (LHM) Iam viec dat dUpc nang sua't va cha't lUPng cao can phai tdi Uu hoa day dii cac yeu td anh hudng tac dpng Uong he tiidng Da't - May cay - May keo Trong dd, lUc can cay la thdng sd quyet dinh mUc dp chi phi nang lUpng cay Cac yeu td cP ban anh hudng den lUc can cay ngam cd tiie ke den la: Ca'u Uuc va tinh Uang ky tiiuat cua mpt tiian cay, so than cay, dp cay sau, van td'c lam viec cua LHM, tinh cha't cP ly tinh va tinh Uang nen da't, dp dd'c dpc va ngang cua hien UUdng (Doan Van Thu, 1996) Bai bao gidi tiiieu ket qua nghien cdn thUc nghiem phan tich anh hudng cua mdt sd ye'u td ca'u Uiic va sU dung den cac tiianh phan lUc can cay lam cP sd khoa hpc cho cac nghien culi tiep theo ve tinh cha't boat ddng cung nhU tdi Uu boa LHM cay ngam n NOI DUNG VA FHlfdNG PHAP NGHIEN C t t j Ke't no'i thiet bj thi nghiem xac djnh cac thong so' ky thuat lien hgfp cay ngam Vien Khoa hpc Lam nghiep Viet Nam LHM dUdc lUa chpn nghien cfhi la cay ngam lien hpp vdi may keo Komatsu D65A, day la LHM Iam da't udng rffng cd nhieu Uu diem dUdc sU dung kha phd bien (Doan Van Thu, 1996) Ket nd'i cac thiet bi va tiuet lap be thd'ng (Bui Hai Trieu, Doan Van Thu 6/2009; Ngd Dien Tap, 2001): De xac dinh lUc can cay ngam va cac thdng sd ky thuat cd lien quan can thiet lap he thd'ng da kenh ket nd'i may tinh va phan mem Dasylab He thdng sU dung cac cam bien (sensor) lap dat len cac chi tiet, bd phan tUPng Ung de xac dinh cac thdng sd, cu the: Cam bien dien ud bien dang dUpc dan len cac Ueo cay ngam de lUc keo, nen (Pd, PT); Cam bien ap sua't dUdc lap Uen dudng dng dan dau cua xy lanh lUc tac ddng Ien xy lanh lUc (Pxl); Cam bien lUu lUpng dUdc ket nd'i Uen dUdng dan nhien Heu den bPm cao ap de chi phi nhien lieu (G); Cam bien van tdc LHM lap Uen khung may (V); Cam bien sd vdng quay ddng cd, banh chu dpng dupc lap Uen khung may (udc, n^) S P dd he thdng dUpc md phdng tren hinh 1, cac tin hieu dUpc tmyen qua cac cdng tUPng Ung cua tiiiet bi chuyen ddi Analog - Digital (gpi la Card A/D) den may tinh cd cai dat phan mem tiiu nhan va xU ly NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 8/2009 57 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE sd lieu Dasylab He thdng thiet bi cho phep xac dinh ddng thdi nhieu thdng so cd lien quan vdi dp chinh xac cao Khuech dai cdng gom tinhieu fA i Sd than cay n = 1,2,3; Loai mui cay: Mui cay cai tien cd be rpng b va gdc nang nbU sau: i) b = 0,23 m, a^ 23"; ii) b = 0,30 m, a^ 23°; iii) b = 0,12 m, a^23"; Mui cay nguyen ban cd b = 0,12 m, a = 27°; mui da mdn 1/3 chieu dai, b =0,12 m, a = 30"; MAY TINH /? /: ^ !/ D Phan mem \ DASYLAB i -A-.«-V Bo chuyen doi tin hieu A/D Van tdc cay: cay vdi cac sd truyen i = I, 2, 3; Dp cay sau he = 0,35, 0,45, 0,55 (m) Mdi thi nghiem dUdc ky hieu tiieo thU UT TNOl, TN02 , kem theo cac tham so tiiUc nghiem: ve ket ca'u cay n, b , ; dp cay sau he; so tmyen i = 1, 2, 3 Ke't qua thi nghiem va nhan xet Ket qua thi nghiem thutiiapdUdc IitU d dang cac file dff lieu cua phan mem Dasylab, tin bieu dUdc hien till theo dang ddtiii(hinh 3) hoac bang so theo thdi gian Hinh Sd dd lien ke't cac phan tuf he thong Worksheet (gia'y ghi cdng viec dang tien banh) chUdng trinh thi nghiem de thu thap va xU ly tin hieu dupc lap Uen cd sd cac modun (sua't) cd san ctia phan mem Dasylab va ket nd'i Iai chudi cac md dun theo yeu cau cua thi nghiem (hinh 2) Ke^t qua thi nghiem dUdc hien thi trUc tiep d dang dd tiii hoac bang sd tren man hinh may tinh (hinh 3), vay cd the quan sat dupc ke't qua qua Uinh t m sr•^S3X o a, D 3I n /^ mAjjfMjlMiU^flLAUA^^ Hinh Ket qua cac thong sd^: V, m-, Pd, Ptr, pxl, M«c d phUdng an thi nghiem TN04 (n=2, b=0,12 m, hc=0,55 m) Ket qua thi nghiem cbo tha'y: i) LUc phan Uen cac Ueo Uen p„ ludn cd gia tri am cdn lUc D^fi Uen Ueo dUdi Pj ludn cd gia tri dUdng, cd nghia Hinh Worksheet chUdng trinh thi nghiem la Uong sudt qua trinh Iam viec Uen mdi dUdng cay Ueo Uen ludn chiu nen cdn tiianh Ueo dUdi ludn To chiirc thi nghiem chiu keo; ii) Do tinh khdng ddng nha't cua da't dai Uen - Thi nghiem dUdctiiUchien tai Tmng tam Khoa mdi dudng cay nen tin hieu cua cac thdng sd thay hpc San xua't Lam nghiep Ddng Bac bd, Ngpc Thanh, ddi vdi bien dp kha Idn Phiic Yen, Vinh Phuc; hien trUdng thi nghiem cd dieu HL TONG H0P VA PHAN TICH KET QUA kien lap dia dien hinh cua da't udng rUng tai khu vUc: Dp ddc ddi tU -r- 8%, da't cd dp a'm: 17%, dp cUng NGHIEN ClfU Uung binh d dp sau 0,35 - 0,55 m: 35 kg/cm",tiiUcbi Tong hgfp, tinh toan lUc can cay ngam la cay bui sim mua va gd'c bach dan sau khai tiiac cd Thuat toan xac dinh cac phan lUc can cay mat dp khoang 700 -r 800 cay/ha dUdc thUc hien Uen cac modun ciia chUdng Uinh - Cac phUPng an thi nghiem dUdc tiiay ddi tiieo Dasylab va ke't nd'i chudi cac modun thU tu cac yeu td thUc nghiem sau: (Worksheet) de tinh toan va hien thi ket qua (hinh 4) 58 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 8/2009 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE V ting vdi mUc dp sau cay khac (hinh 6) Dd thi cua cac ham sd Fl, F2 va F3 bieu dien mdi quan he giffa Ko vdi V Ung vdi mdi dp sau cay he = 0,35 m, 0,45 m, 0,55 m cd he sd tUPng quan R- = 0,63, 0,77, 0,71 chUng td mUc dp phan tan cac gia tri lUc can dupc la kha Idn, day la sU anh hUdng cua tinh chat khdng ddng nha't cua dja hinh, da't dai iam nghiep Hinh Worksheet tdng h ^ , tinh toan life can cay ngam Phan tich anh hUofng cua mpt so'ye'u to'de'n cac phan lUc can cay ngam Cac tiianh phan lUc can cay ngam Pcx, Pcz theo phUdng chuyen dpng va phUPng vudng gdc vdi true may keo dUdc tdng bdp tff cac tin hieu lUc Pd, Pir, pxi, tiiuat toan cai dat Uong mddun fx - Pcx, Pcz (hinh I) Gia tri Pcx va Pcz dupc bieu dien d dang tbi hoac bang sd ciing vdi van td'c Vi, nbs va chi phi nhien lieu gid G de thuan tien cho viec phan tich tiep theo (hinh 5) Ket qua cac phUdng an thi nghiem Uen bang va dd thi cho tha'y: J\fJll?4ll*lMA^VYAU*^A/!L^^^ :-^£3, - Khi tang dp sau cay, he sd lUc can rieng ciia cay tang dang ke, Uen cac dUdng dd thi FI, F2 va F3 d van td'c cay V - 2,0 km/h: tang he tff 0,35 m Ien 0,45 m gia Ui Ko tang tff 99 kN/m2 Ien 117 kN/m2, tffPng ffng 118%; he tang tff 0,35 m Ien 0,55 m thi Ko= 134 kN/m', tUdng Ung 135% dieu dd chUng td Idp da't d tang dUdi cd phan cd gidi va dp chat cao hPn nhieu so vdi ldp da't Uen mat; - Khi cay d mdi dp sau nha't dinh, tang van td'c LHM thi he sd lUc can rieng Ko cung tang nhUng vdi mUc dp it hPn Tren dUdng dd thi F3, V tang tff 1,5 km/h len 2,5 km/h (= 66%) tiii Ko tang tff 112 kN/m2 i VnA^-v-'*^'^'^^ Ien 140 kN/m^ (= 25%), nhU vay vdi cay ngam anh hudng cua van tdc de'n lUc can la khdng Idn, day la diem khac cd ban giffa cay ngam va cay lat Hinh Do thi PCX, PCZ, V, Gt, nbs cT phUdng NhUng tang van td'c cay thi nang sua't LHM cung an thf nghiem 04 tang va se giam dUdc chi phi nang lUpng Uen mpt ddn Ket qua do, tinh toan gia tri tmng binh cua Pcz, vi dien tich cay Pcx, he sd can K,, tUPng Ung vdi van tdc cay d mdt sd - Vdi cac mui cay cd kich thudc ca'u true khac nhau, phupng an thi nghiem dUdc ghi Uong bang I he sd lUc can rieng Ko cung thay ddi dang ke, d cac Tap hpp cac gia tri K,, tUdng Ung vdi V d mdi dp sau phUdng antiiinghiem mui cay caitienvdi gdc nang = 23" cay he = 0,35 m, 0,45 m, 0,55 m cd the dUdc hdi qui toan cd be sd' lUc can rieng Ko tmng binb nhd hdn so vdi mui hpc theo cac phUPng trinh Fi, F2 va FJ DO tbi bieu diin cay nguyen ban (da mdn 1/3 chieu dai, gdc nang = 30°) mdi quan he giffa he sd lUc can rieng Ko vdi van tdc cay khoang 15% den 20% tiiy tiiudc vao dieu kien mdi Ko(kN/m2) phUdng an thi nghiem cu the NhU vay, de giam lUc can 200 cay, khdng nen sU dung mui cay da mai mdn qua 1/3 ISO 160 chieu dai va cd gdc nang Idn Uen 30" -14.012»(^ + 82.767)( + 21.92^ I1D 140 120 100 80 ^ 60 0-1 R* = 0.7117 • • ^X F i = - J x i 113.07X * - ^ « * R ' ^ 0.778 • ^ = -i6.5e6x^+los.sax-ii.9oe Fl - Ko kN/m2) hc=0,35m F2-Ko.kN/r'2i hc=0.45m F3- Kd M-ihr\2\ hc-0.55m -Poly.iFI - KoiHt,'in2), hc=0.35m) -Pot/.(F2-Koiktl'in2), hc»0.4Sm» -Pot/.{F3- Ko(kH/m2), hc-«,55m V(km/h) Hinh Do thi quan he giii'a Ko - V Ung vdihc= 035 m, 0,45 m, 0,55 m - So lieu chi phi nhien lieu d cac phUdng an thi nghiem vdi dp sau he = 0,55 m, tang lUc can cay (tang be rdng mui cay, sd tiian cay) chi phi nhien lieu gid Gt cung tang Ien nhuhg khdng tiieo d le tiiuan vdi lUc can So sanh gia Ui cactiianhphan lUc can cay va chi phi nhien lieu d phUdng an TN14 (nhd nha't) va TNI9 (ldn nha't): TN14: Pcx = 36,4 kN, Pcz= 9,4 kN, Gt = 16,2 i/h; NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 8/2009 59 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Bang 1, Cac gia trj V, Gi, Pcz, Pcx, Ko cua cac phUcfng an thi nghiem vdi mUc dp cay sau he = 0,35 m, 0,45 m va 0,55 m SoTN TN07 TN08 TN13 TN12 TNll TN03 TNOl TN21 I Vdi he = 0,35 m n = 2,b = 0,23m, a = 23'',i=l n ^ , b = 0,23m, i=3 n=:l,b=0,30m,a = 23°,i = n = l , b = 30m, a = 23°,i = n = l , b = 30m, a = 23°,i=l n = 2,b=0,12m,a = 30°,i = n = 2,b = 0,12m, a = 27°,30°,i==l n.Vdih, = 0,45in n = 2, b = 0,23 m, a = 23°,i=l,2 TN13 n = l , b = 0,30m, a = 23^,1 =1,2 TN02 n = 2,b = 0,12m, a = 27,30°,i = TN09 TN19 TN20 TN14 TN15 TN16 TN04 TN05 TN06 TN23 TN24 60 Phufcfng an thi nghiem HI Vai h, = 0,55 m n = 2,b = 0,23m, a = 23°,i=l n = 2,b = 0,23m, a = 23'',i = n = 2,b = 0,23m a = 23°,i = n = l , b = 0,30m, a = 23°,i=l n = l , b = 0,30m a = 23°,i = n=l,b = 030m,a = 23°,i = n = 2,b = 0,12m a = 30°,i=l n = 2,b = 0,12m a = 30°,i = n = 2,b = 0,12m a = 30°,i = n = 2,b = 0,12m,a=:23°,i=l n = 2,b = 0,12m,a = 23°i = V(km/h) Gdm P„,(kN) Pcx(kN) K«(kN/m^) 1,8 1,7 2,9 3,1 3,4 2,5 2,2 1,9 1,8 3,1 2,1 2,2 16,3 16,5 17,1 17,5 15,7 15,5 15,5 15,5 15,1 17,1 16,5 17,2 6,1 6,7 7,5 7,6 3,17 3,9 3,56 3,6 3,3 4,1 3,8 5,39 28,6 31,6 35,3 42,6 24,5 24,5 23,3 22,3 21,5 32,1 23,6 33,2 84,74 93,70 104,68 125,52 102,93 103,37 98,21 94,12 90,63 120,86 89,28 125,62 1,8 2,3 1,8 1,7 2,4 1,6 1,9 2,7 2,9 2,5 2,3 2,6 17,1 16,8 16,7 16,3 16,5 16,1 16,5 17,2 17,1 17,4 17,0 16,5 9,0 9,5 8,1 4,2 4,95 4,6 4,3 9,1 9,4 9,3 9,5 8,9 56,6 57,4 52,4 26,5 30,1 28,1 27,7 53,5 53,6 53,7 52,4 48,5 112,21 113,91 103,81 93,53 106,33 99,26 97,71 131,80 132,16 132,36 129,34 119,76 1,7 1,4 2,1 2,2 1,8 1,9 1,3 1,3 1,6 1,9 2,1 1,5 1,4 2,3 2,3 2,6 2, 2,1 2,2 18,5 18,9 19,5 19,3 18,1 18,7 16,2 16,3 16,4 16,5 17,0 17,5 17,5 18,2 18,9 18,2 18,5 17,6 17,5 36,6 33,7 43,8 43,7 31,3 36,9 9,4 12,0 14,0 14,0 18,5 17,1 17,7 26,9 28,5 22,5 30,5 25,5 24,8 95,0 97,6 113,3 112,0 79,7 95,5 36,4 42,2 46,6 45,3 49,9 63,8 62,5 74,2 85,4 75,1 82,6 64,8 63,0 124,76 126,54 148,86 147,33 121,15 125,47 95,93 111,96 124,17 120,99 135,81 112,76 110,90 134,74 153,64 133,84 150,32 108,17 115,59 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 8/2009 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE TNI 9: Pcx = 112,3 kN, Pcz=43,7 kN, Gt= 19,3 Vh Gia tri cac pban lUc can tang ga'p - lan nhUng chi phi nhien lieu Gt chi tang khoang 1,2 lan Nhu vay, de LHM cay lam viec dat hieu qua cao can tinh toan lUa chpn be rdng b, so than cay va van tdc lam viec de chi phi nhien lieu Uen mdt ddn vi dien tich cay la nhd nha't IV KET LUAN TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1) Nguydn Can (2005) Nghien ctiu mdt sd thdng sd dn dinh ngang cua lien hpp may keo xich - cay ngam Iam viec Uen da't ddi mien Bac Viet Nam Luan an TS KT, Ha Ndi 2) Pham Thupng Han va cac cdng sU (1996) Ky thuat ludng cac dai lUpng vat ly Tap 2, Nha xua't ban Giao due He sd lUc can rieng ciia cay ngam tang kha Idn 3) Ngd Dien Tap (2001) Do lUdng va dieu khien tang dp sau cay, d dieu kien Iam viec cua thi nghiem, dp sau cay tang tff 0,35 m Ien 0,45 m va 0,55 m bang may tinh Nxb Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Ha Ndi lUc can cay tang Ien 118% va 135% mpt sd 4) Doan Van Thu (1996) Nghien culi mdt sd tinh phUdng an thi nghiem, he so lUc can rieng Ko len tdi cha't sU dung cua lien hdp may cay lam da't Uong rffng u-en 150 kN/m- d tinb Vinh Phu Luan van thac sy Dai bpc Ndng Khi tang van td'c Iam viec cua LHM, he sd lUc can ngbiep 1, Ha Ndi rieng cua cay cung tang nhUUg d mUc dp khdng ldn, 5) Bui Hai Trieu, Doan Van Thu (6/2009) Nghien d van tdc Uen 2,5 km/h be so lUc can rieng Kotang cUu xac dinh lUc can cay ngam canh tac Uen dat khdng dang ke Iam nghiep Tap cbi Ndng nghiep va PTNT ca'u true va linh trang ky tiiuat cua mui cay cd anh hudng kha ldn de'n lUc can cay ngam, he sdlUc can rieng Kocua cay vdi mui mdi cai tien nhd hdn so vdi mtii cay nguyen ban da mdn 1/3 chieu dai tff 15 den 20% IMPACT OF STRUCTURE OF WORKING COMPONENTS AND USES OF THE RIPPING MACHINE ON RESISTANT FORCES Doan Van Thu Summary While operating on forest land, resisUint force of ripping machine is affected by not only tiie natural characteristics of the land and terrain, but also tiie uses, sUucture and technical status of the working components of tiie machine The reseach results have determined tiie impact of tiie depth, speed, and sUucture of the working components on tiie resistant force of tiie ripping machine When tiie depth of ripping increases from 0.35 m to 0.45 m and 0.55 m, tbe value of the resistant force coefficient (Ko) will increase to 118%, and 135%, respectively The impact of ripping speed on its own Ko is much smaller tiian that of ploughing over tiie surface SUucture and technical of working components of tiie machine also decreases Ko from 15 - 20% Therefore, in order to decrease energy, but increase tiie effectiveness of ripping machine combine, it is necessary to study tiie optimal uses and the best sUucture tiiat are consistent witii the conditions Keywords: Resistant force coefficient, depth of ripping, speed, structure of working components NgUdi phan bien: GS, TSKH Pham Van Lang NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - S6 - THANG 8/2009 61