Nhận thức, thái độ và hành vi liên quan đến sử dụng sản phẩm từ động vật hoang dã ở hà nội

32 Xfi hfi hoc (130), 2015 VNHAN THirC, THAI BO VA HANH VI LIEN QUAN DEN sir DUNG SAN PHAM Ttr DONG VAT HOANG DA HA Npi NGUYEN Dire VINH" NGUYEN HOAl SON" NGHIEM THI THUY"" Gioi thieu Trong vai thap ky gan day, buon ban va tieu thu dpng vat hoang da (DVHD) da tro mpt van de mang tinh toan cau, anh huong nghiem trpng den da dang sinh hpc, can bing moi truong sinh thai nhilu khu vuc tren the gioi Viet Nam von la noi co nguon dpng thuc vat hoang da rat phong phu vai khoang 10% tong so loai dpng thuc v^t hoang a Uen hanh tinh va ciing la noi co tinh trang sir diing san phim tii DVHD kha ph6 bien, dac biet la tir nhihig nam 1980 tro lai day {World Bank, 2005; Nguyin Manh Ha va cpng sv, 2007; UNEP-UNCTAD, 2008; Drury, 2009; Eurogroup for Animals, 2013) Nhfin thirc dupc van de nay, Vi?t Nam da co nhflng chu chuong, chinh sach cu thl nhim bao ve DVHD cCing nhu tai nguyen thien nhien noi chung' Viet Nam da tham gia nhElp Cong uoc ve thuong mai quoc \t cac loai dpng, thuc vat hoang da nguy cip (CITES) tir nam 1994 Gin day, sau cung hem 50 quic gia va mpt s6 t l chile lien chinh phu quic tl dua tuyen b l chung 3/2/2014 tai Hpi nghi London v l ching buon ban trii phep cac loai hoang da, Chinh phu da ban hanh Chi thi s6 03/CT-TTg, 20/02/2014, vl vi|c tang cuong ehi dao va thuc hien cac bien phap kilm soat, bao t i n cac loai DVHD nguy cap, quy, hilm Mpt s l t l chitc quic t l va t l chitc phi chinh phii cung co nhihig no l\rc dang ghi nhan viec bao ve DVHD o Viet Nam Mae d i vjy, tinh trang khai thac, bu6n ban va tieu thu DVHD a Vift Nam vin rit dang lo ngai Nhieu loai DVHD quy hilm Viet Nam co nguy co tuyet chung hojc co thl da tuyet chung (Nguyen Van Song, 2008) Tieu thu DVHD hay cac san phim tit DVHD phtic vu cho nhu ciu an uIng, chira benh, trang tri da tro mpt thoi quen cua khong it nguoi Viet Nam Ket qua tit cac nghien ciiu gin day chua hoan toan thing nhat vl cac s5 uoc lupng, nhung deu cho thiy mli quan ngai v l tinh trang tieu thu san phim tit DVHD o Viet Nam la cp co so, nhit la a cac p h i lon nhu Ha Noi va TP H i Chi Minh (Nguyin Phiic Bao Hoa, 2004; TRAFIC, 2007; Vu Thi Quyen, 2010; D l Thi Thanh Huyen va cpng sir, 2011; EVN, 2014a & 2014b) Mpt nghien ciiu giai doan 2002TS, Vi4n XS hgi hgc " CN, Vien Xdhgi hgc NCS, Viin Xdhgi hgc ^ ' S '"'S.nt.f^'SSf'x';*!" ^ P9/2004/QH11); Luat Bfio vf moi Buong (52/2005/QHl I); Lujl Badang sinh h9C (20/2008/QH12); Ngh| dinh 99/2009/ND-CP; BiSu 190, Bf Ml Hinh su (37/2009/QH12) Nguyen Due Vinh, Nguyen Hodi San, Nghiem Thi Thiiy 33 IQQl da u6c lugrng mdi nam co khoang 3500 d6n 4000 t i n DVHD bi buon ban trai phep qua bien gioi Viet Nam va khoang mpt niia s6 ducrc tieu thu npi dia, nhat la Ha Npi (Nguyen Van Song, 2008) Cac loai DVHD bi buon ban va ti6u thu kha da dang, tir cac loai trung den cdc l o ^ thii Ion, tii cac loai thong thucmg cho dkn nh&ng loai cue ky nguy d p dup'c phap luat bao ve nhu h6 Dong Ducfn& g4u ngua, d6i m6i (Corlett 2007; CITES, 2008; Shepherd va Nijman, 2008; EVN, 2010) Nhi^u loai s6 nim danh muc ciia Cong uoc Quoc t l ve buon ban cac loai dong thuc vat nguy cdp CITES (Yiming va Dianmo, 1998) Tuy nhien nhin chung, cac ngliien ciiu tmac day van chua phan tich day du ve tinh hinh su dung, each thiic tieu thu DVHD va cac san pham tii DVHD, nguySn nhan va cac yeu to tac dong din tieu thu cac san pham tu DVHD cung nhu van de niem tin va thai dp cua nguoi tieu dung doi voi loai san phim dae thu Trong boi canh nhu vay, theo dh nghi cua Cue Bao tfin da dang sinh hpc (Tong cue M6i truong, Bp Tai nguyen va Moi trucmg), Vien Xa hgi hgc da ti6n hanh euge khao sat xa hpi hpe danh gia nhan thiic, thai d6 va hanh vi Uen quan din viec sii dung va tieu thu cac san phim DVHD nham eung cap thSm bang chiing va kiln thiic cho viec xay dung chinh sach va giai phap bao ve DVHD hieu q u i hon Dan s6 muc tieu cua nghien ciiu la nguoi tuoi tii 20 den 69 dang cu tni tai cac quEin ngi cua Ha N6i Phuang phap ehgn mau ngau nhiSn da giai doan duoc ap dung de chgn m phuong va tur chpn tiep 1000 ca nhan de phong van bang bang hoi dinh lugng khoang thai gian tir tiiang 11/2013 din dSu nam 2014 Bang hoi dugfc thi6t k l dl thutiiap th6ng tin kha chi tiet ve nhan thlic, thai dp va hanh vi lien quan d6n viee sii dung cac loai thuc phim, dupc pham va cac vdt trang tri duac lam tii DVHD; tinh trang, xu huong va cac yeu to nhan khau hpe, kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi va phdp ly ca ban co Hen quan Gia thiet nghien ciiu ehinh dupc dua la: sii dung DVHD la hanh vi mang tinh xa hpi cao, phu thupe nhieu vao dae fflem nhan khau, kinh t l va xa hgi, nhung nhein thiic va y thiie bao ve moi truong cung nhu sir nghiem minh eiia phap luat la nhung yeu to quan trgng de thay doi hanh vi Trong khuon kho nghien eiiu nay, sir dung va tieu thu DVHD dupc xem la hanh vi dung thlic an, d6 u6ng, thuoc, trang tri lam tii eae dgng vat sau: te te, hd, voi, te gidc, rita, Unh truang, gdu, ehim hoang dd, cdng, dai bdng, meo rimg, bdo, ho huang nai, rdn, trdn, cd sdu, bd sdt cd chdn khdc^ Viec xac dinh cac loai DVHD k l tren ehu ylu dua theo nhein thiic chii quan cua nguai dan tham gia tra loi phong van, khong phSn biet nguon goc la dpng vat moi trucmg hoang da hay dupc gay nuoi, va khong co xet nghiem xac dinh san pham la that hay gia ^ Nhung ket qua chfnh 2.1 Hdnh vi sir d^ng vd tieu thu cdc sdn pham DVHD Theo k i t qua trinh bay Hinh 1, viec sii dung va tieu thu san phim DVHD la ^ Theo khuyen nghj cua c4c chuyfin gia Cyc Bao t6n da dang sinh hpc ' C6 nghifin curu chi ring vi^c gSy nuoi DVHD khfing lim giam khai thdc bdt hgfp phdp DVHD mh trdi l^i, cd xu hirC\'HD Ngudn Khao sal cua de lai Trong sl nguoi da tieu thu thue phim lam tit DVHD, ty le sii dung rin/tran cao nhSl (49%); ty le sii d^ng huou cOng kha cao (29%) Co mpt ty le dang kl nhitng ngutri da timg tieu thu thuc phim lam tit dpng vSt co nguy co tuyet chung cao nhu te ti (7,6%), rua (12,4%) va cac loai lmh truong (5,7%) D6i vol thulc chua benh, cac loai nhu giu, hi va rin, uan dupc nhilu nguoi sir dung nhit (49%, 21% va 30%) D5i vol dl trang tri nha, cac loai chim va ca siu dupc sii dung kha phi biln (3,4% va 3%) b4n csuih ty' If nguoi dupc hoi da timg sir dimg san phim tit hi hay voi diu la 1,7% Phan tich vi$c sii dung tir goc dp nhan khiu hpc cho thiy, nam gioi co ty le sil dyng thuc pham tit DVHD cao hon nQ gioi nhung lai it co kha nSng sii dung dl trang tri tit DVHD Doi voi cac san phim thulc thi ty le su dung khong co su chenh lech lon theo gioi tinh, nu gioi chu ylu cac loai cao va bai thulc dong y nam gioi thudng xuyen uong cac loai ruou ngam va coi la thulc tang cuong siic khoe Nhom ntt co xac suat su dung cac vat trang tri tit DVHD cao hon so voi nhom nam gidi Xet 12 Nguyen Diec Vinh, Nguyen Hodi San, Nghiem Thi Thuy thang tmoc thoi diem khao sat, nhom tuoi cang cao (tii 50 tu6i tra len) co ty le sit dimg thvrc phim tii DVHD thip (16,7%), nhung lai chilm ty 1? sii dung thu6e tii DVHD cao (28,8%), va dieu co the Uen quan den tinh trang sue khoe ciia hp Ngupc lai, nhom tu6i tre nhit (20-34) co ty 1? su dung thu6c tii DVHD thip nhit (22,5%) nhung lai la nhom c6 ty lg su dung thuc pham cao nhit (34%) Trong do, viee su dung cac san pham tij DVHD, nhat la thuc phim, ty le thuEin vol miic thu nhap va trinh dp hpc van H i n h Ty 1$ sir dung san p h i m t n D V H D 12 th&ng qna theo nhdm tahi Nguon: Khdo sdt cua de ldi Hlnh T ^ If su- dyng sSn pham tJirDVHD 12 thang qua theo trinh d$ hoc van Thyc ph4m Nguon: Khdo sal cua de tdi Thu6c Oo trang tri 35 36 Nhgn thuc thai do, lianh vt Nghien cihi cho thiy vice tieu thu cac san phim tit DVHD viec su dling thnc phim tit DVHD da tro nen binh dan hon chii khong la chii yeu chi de the hien djng cip, dia vi xa hpi Nguoi lam viec khu vuc nha nuoc, lien doanh co thl la hai s6 cac nhom c6 xac suit su dung cac san phim tir DVHD nhit Tuy nhien, nhiing ngudi kinli doanh, buon bto nho va nguoi cao tuli, ngudi vl huu lai chilm ty le lon nhSt nhdm da sii dung san phim tit DVHD 12 thang qua Hinh Ty 1^ sir dnng san pham tit gVHD 12 thdng qua chia theo nhdm thu nh^p Nguon Klwo sal aia de lai An thjt thli rimg va uIng cac loai rupu ngam vdi cac san phim tir DVHD la rngt hojt dpng mang tinh xa hpi cao, thudng theo nhdm Da sl ngudi tra ldi sii dtmg thvc pham tit DVHD vdi b?n be va chi s6 it sir dung ciing vdi ding nghidp hay cip tren Dik cho thiy mdi Sn thvc phim tit DVHD khong phai la mpt hmh thiie phi biln cdng vi?c, dam phdn hpp ding, kinh doanh Tuy nhien thu nhap va ddi sing cang dupc nang cao se la mli quan ngai ldn dli vdi tinh trang gia tang tteu dung cac san phim tit DVHD Xet vl dia dilm thi nha hang/ khach stin la nhfing noi phi biln nhit cua nguiii Ha Npi de tim kiem thuc phim DVHD, cac loai thulc thudng duoc sii dpig d nha hon la t^ cac hieu thuoc y hpc cl truyin 2.2 Bgng ca sir dtfng san phim tit cdc hfi BVHD Trong so nhfing ngudi da sit dving thuc phim t£r DVHD, 64% ndi ring ho sft dung vi dupc mot hojc dupc chp/bieu; tren 34% ngudi tra ldi ndi ring "mdi la" la ly dp khiln hp sil dvng thvc pham DVHD; 24% nghi ring nhung lo,i thvc phim ngon va chi cd 8% tut iJng nhflng thvc pham bd dudng cho sue khde cuahp Chi cd mpt ty 1? nhd ngudi ndi iing ho si dvng cac lo^ thvc pham tft DVHD dl chfia benh hojc vi nd la thdi thupng Day la mdt cM bio dtog chu y ve cac bien phap truyen thdng nang cao nhSn thiic cho ngudi dan Dli vdi san phim thulc, •'rauc tieu chua benh", "bli bd sftc khde", va "do dugc Nguyen Ddc Vinh, Nguyen Hodi San, Nghiem Thi Thiiy 37 :ho/bi6u/mdi" la ba ly chinh cua viec su dung loai san phim (71%, 27% va 21% uong ung) Muc tieu chua benh la ly bien va chu yeu nhat ciia hanh vi sii dung thuoc iir DVHD Dilu xuat phat tir nhan thuc duoc hinh va ciing cd bcri niem tin luu truyen dan gian ve cong dung ciia loai san jrfilm dac biet Do vay, ty le nguoi sii iung thudc tu DVHD vi lai khuyen ciia bac s^ hay theo cac tai lieu sach bao chilm ty le th^, ty le dtmg dira vao kinh nghiem dan gian hay theo loi khuyen tir ban be, dong n^iep lau kha cao (59% va 57%) Hai ly chii ylu khiln nguoi dan sir dung cac san phim trang tri tii DVHD la "thay dep, thich" va "dupc cho/bilu" Nhimg ylu to khac nhu "dem Iai su may man, thjnh vupng", "thu choi thai thupng, quyen luc" lai thuang khong phai la nhung ly chinh Hinh Ly snr dnng thgc plilm va tfan6c tir DVHD Ngudn: Khdo sal cua de lm Nhung ly bien nhat eiia viec chua tung sii dui^ thuc phim la "chua co ca hpi" (36%) Ly tilp iheo la "khong thich" (34%), "ghe sa" (25%) va "qua dit" (23%) Nhu v|.y, kha nhilu nguai co the se bit diu sii dung mot hp co co hpi hoac co du tiln Chi CO khoang 8% noi rang hp khong an thit thii rung la "so pham phap" va 5,5% \i e ngai "Iam hai din moi tnrcmg sinh thai tu nhien" 2.3 Ngitdn cttng cap cdc son pham DVHD Ngudn cung cap chii yeu thuc phim DVHD cua nguoi tra lai la cac nha hang, khach san va tu ban be, nguai than Voi san phim tfauoc, trai vdi du doan ngudn cung chu ylu tii cac hieu thudc y hpc cd truyen, nghien ciiu cho thiy thuoc den vdi ngucri dan chu yeu thdng qua ban be va ngucri than Trong do, ngudn cung cua cac san pham trang tri chu ylu tii ban be, o^nin than (36%) va cac ciia hang luu nian (35%) Kboang 9% ngucri dupc phong van cho biet da tiing cho, bilu hay ban thudc Iam tu DVHD, nhung chi duoi 2% d3 tung cho, bieu hay ban thuc phim hay dd 38 Nhdn thlic, thdi do, hanh vi trang tri tft DVHD Dli vdi nhung ngudi da tftng cho, bieu hoSc ban cac san phain tii BVHD thi ngudi than gia dinh la dli tupng phd bien nhat dupe hp cho,^bieu hoac ban sau dd la ban be hang xdm Nhttng phat hien ch rang, san pham ti, DVHD khong nhit thilt phai la mpt mdn qua thdi thupng de bieu xen, ma thuong la loai qua tang cd thl chia se hay mdi giua cac vien g.a dinh, nguin than va ban be 2.4 Ngudn thdngtin viBVHD Tivi la kenh thdng tin quan trpng nhit vl DVHD, vdi ty le ngudi tra ldi gin 95% va cac dac dilm nhan Idiiu hoc nhu gidi tinh, tuli,ft-inhdp hpc van va fliu nhap ciing co nhan dinh Wong tu Cac kenh tilp theo la Intemet, ngudiflian/ban be va bao chi Nhung ngudi tre tuli cd xu hudng tilp c$n thdng tin vl DVHD flidng qua Intemet va sacWbao, dd ngudi cao mdi cd nhilu kha ntog nhan dupc flidng tm tft bao/chi, ban be/ngudi flian Tuy nhien, thdng tin dupc cung cip bdi ban be va ngudi than cd anh hudng manh nhit va tnrc tilp nhit vl quylt djnh sft dung ya tieu fliu san pham_ DVHD, Ban be vi ngudi than cung la nguin cung cipflidngtin phi biln nhat va true tiep ve san pliam DVHD Phat hi$n chofliaytim quanti-pngcua cac mangtiTiy6nflidngxa hgi ciing nhu dai chungti-ongviec tiuyin dat, chia se thdng tin va nang cao nhan thftc ve bao ve DVHD 2.5 Nh^n thiirc va Ihdi ddi v&i vi^c lieu thtf BVHD Theo y kiln cia da sl ngudi tia ldi, viec sft dung san phim tft DVDH lam thirc phim hay fliulc la kha phi biln d Viet Nam, va viec bao vd DVHD la vin dl cip bach hi?n nhSmti-anhkhdi sv tuyet chung bdi chung cd gia tii da d ^ g sinh hpc, can bang sinh thai khdng thl fliay thl Trong sl cac DVHD nghidn cuu dua thi ty 1? NTL cho ring hi, te giac la hai ddng v^t dang difn nguy cip cin dupc bao ve cao nhat (94%), tilp din la voi (87%), giu (85%), va khoang tft 40% din 80% cho cac d^ng vtit lai Cd thl thiy, thupc vao tftng loai ddng vat ma cd mftc dp nhan dinh khac vS 45 nguy cip cin dupc bap ve Cac DVHD khd nudi mdi trudng nh&i tao thudng dum ngudi dan nhan thftc la nhimg loai dang dien nguy cap can dupc bao v? hon nhfing loai DVHD dang dupc nudi kha phd bien Theo y kiln cfta da sl ngudi tra ldi, nguyen nhan trvc tiep nhat dan den tinh trang suy giam DVHD d Viet Nam la vi$c "san bin, budn ban" (85%) Tuy nhien ty 1? ngudi dua cac ly lien quan den viec tieu dftng san pham tft DVHD "an, uong", "su dung lam thudc", "lam thu canh, dd trang tri" lai thap hon nhieu (lin lupt la 43%, 30%val5%) Ty le ngudi dan biet ten cac van ban phap lu^t quan trpng lien quan den van de bao ve cac Ipai DVHD va mdi trudng sdng ciia chiing la khdng cao, va ciing it ngudi hi6u tB ndi dung cac van ban Cd tdi hom 1/3 ngudi tia ldi cho ring theo quy dinh cua phip luat Vi?t Nam thi hanh vi tieu thu DVHD khdng bi xft ph^t Cung flieo cam nhan cua il« sl ngudi dan, quy dinh phap lujt, hoSc vi$c hiyen truyin phi biln phap luiit, chua du miic dl ran detiongkhi viec thvc thi phap luat lai chua dupc nghidm mmh va dilu dd cd thl U Nguyen Ddc Vinh, Nguyen Hodi San, Nghiem Thi Thuy 39 mpt nhiing nguyen nhan chu yeu ciia tinh trgng tieu thu, su dung DVHD kha phd biln d Viet Nam 2.6 Gia cd, niem tin vd sdn phdm thay thi C6 le gia ca khdng phai la yeu td quan trpng nhit quylt dinh viec nguai dan co su dung san phim tu DVHD hay khdng bdi da sd nguai da timg su dung diu cho ring gia san phim tir DVHD la dit hoac rit dit (62%), va chi co rit it nguai danh gia cac mat hang la re Nguai dan van chap nhan su dung co le bdi nilm tin vao cong dung ciia san pham tvr DVHD, nhit la ddi vdi san phim thudc Mac du khd co ca sd khing dinh, da sd ngudi da timg su dung eho biet hp hoan toan tin tuong ddi vai chit luong san phim tir DVHD (khoang 70%).Ndi each khac, nilm tin vl edng dung ma cac san pham tir DVHD mang lai la rat lan ciia mpt bp phan khong nhd nhihig ngudi da sii dung cac san phim tii DVHD Khoang 76% nguai da tiing su dung thudc tir DVHD sin sang su dyng cac san pham thay the neu cd Ty le khdng khae biet dang kl theo gidi tinh hay dp tudi, nhung tang len kha rd theo trinh dp hpc van cua NTL Tuy nhien long tin vao chit lupng san phim cd vai tro quan trpng viec quylt djnh viec mua va sii dung san phim, vi v4y cac san pham thay the can phai cd chat lupng cao, chiing minh cd hieu qua, mdt thi trucmg an toan de quy8t dinh yeu td 2.7 Cdc yeu to anh hudng din vifc tieu thfi DVHD NhGng phat hien tir nghien ciiu cho thay bdn nhdm yeu td eo anh hudng Idn den viec sii dung va tieu thu DVHD ciia ngudi dan Thii nhat la nhan thirc, thai dp va niem tin vao cdng dung ciia cac san pham tu DVHD, dac biet la cac san pham chQa benh va tang cudng siic khde Trong nhdm cac yeu to nay, niem tin chi phdi manh nhit din hanh vi sOr dung va quyet dinh six dung eua ngudi tieu dung Niem tin sir dung eae san phim tir DVHD mang l?i siie khde, tham chi chua dupc nhieu benh nan y duge luu truyin qua nhilu thl he khiln ngudi tieu dimg tim den cac san pham tii DVHD Day ciing la ly giai thieh tai dii ngudi dan nh^n thirc vS su can thilt bao ve DVHD va co thai dd phan ddi vdi hanh vi sir dung, song viec su dung cac Ioai thuc pham, thudc, dd trang tri tir DVHD vln dien kha phd bien tren dia ban phd Ha Npi Thir hai la nhan thiic vl bao ve mdi trudng va DVHD Nhin chung, nhan thiic eua ngudi dan vl cac DVHD thudc dien nguy cap va can dupc bao ve khdng phai la qua thip Tuy nhifin, mirc dp nh$n thuc la chua dii de cd th^ ngan c h ^ tinh trang khai thac va sOr dung DVHD kha phd bien d Viet Nam hien Thli ba la ngudn eung cap san pham tii DVHD Mac du cd gia khdng re va khdng thl bao dam chit Iupng, san phim tir DVHD vln thudng dupc cung d p tren thi trudng mpt each da dang, phong phii va cdng khai B?in be va cac mang ludi xa hdi dua h^n nin tang gia dinh cd tac dpng rat lan den viec cung cap thdng tin ciing nhu phat triln ngudn cung san phim tii DVHD Viec tiep can ngudn cung mdt each kha de dang da va dang gdp phin v^o tinh trang sii dung san phim tir DVHD kha phd biln d Ha Npi ciing nhu d Viet Nam hifn ndi chung 40 Nhdn thuc, thdi dg, hanh vi Thu hi la ylu tl phap luat Nhin chung, nhan thftc vl phap luat bao v? DVHD d Ha Ndi cdn kha ban chl Tuy da sd ngudi dan bilt viec san ban, budn ban DVHD li phi phap, nhung vln cd gin 35% cbo ring, phap luat khdng quy dinh xft phat ngudi tieu thn san phim tft DVHD Viec flivc flii phap luat khdng nghiem mmh iien cd tdi 62% cho ting, ttong thvc tl khdng cd bi xft phat vl hanh vi tieu div san pham tii DVHD Dilu cd le cung la mdt nguyen nhan quan ttpng dan din cia tinh tiang tieu fliu, sft dung DVHD phd biln d Viet Nam 2.8 Xu hit&ng tiiu thtf sdn phim tit BVHD Khoang 19% ngudi dupc phdng vin cd y djnh bit diu hoac tilp tuc sft dung thitc phim lam tft DVHD, 34% sft dung fliulc, 17% sft dung dl tiang tti Nhfing ty 1$ ttong nhdm da tiing su dung cao hon bin so voi nhdm chua tiing sft dvng Dieu dang luu y la ty 1$ tra ldi "chua bilt se ding hay khdng" la kha cao bdi dilu dd phy thudc vao nhu ciu tuong lai va co hpi tiep can Y dinh sft dung DVHD cua NTL ttong tuong lai chi ylu la cac loai bd sat, ca sau, hd, huou nai, ran, tian va cac loai chim Cd thl nh?n thiy la "tilm nang" tieu thu va sft dung san phim tft DVHD d thi trudng Ha Npi la rit ldn, nhit la ddi vdi hai loai thvc phim va thulc Khuyen nghi chinh sacb Nghien cftu cho thiy hanh vi tidu thu cac san pham tu DVHD phvc vy cho nhu cau an udng, chfia b?nh, trang tii d Ha Npi la khii phd bien Ket qua phan tich gpi ^ ring, chien lupc co ban de ngan ehan hieu qua tinh trang la day m^uih truyen thong nham thay ddi nhan thftc hanh vi cftng vdi viec tang cudng thuc thi nghidm minh cac quy dinh phap luat lien quan den bao v? DVHD Cde bi4n phdp truyen Ihong nhdm thay ddi nhdn thtic, hdnh vi - Diy manh tuydn truyin cac quy dinh cia phap luat vl vi?c sSn bit, budn ban, van chuyin, tieu thv va sft dyng DVHD va cac san phim tft DVHD, djc bi?t nhin manh vi$c sft dvng, tieu thy DVHD cung 14 mpt hanh vi trai phap luSt vi si bj xft IJ nghiem khic - Day manh tuyen tiuyin, vl gia tij da dang sinh hpc khdng thl thay thl cia cdc loai DVHD, cjp nhatflidngtin lien tuc qua cac phuong tifn truyin thdng dai ching vl sv suy giam,flnhhinh nguy cip cia cac loai DVHD nan sSn bit va hanh vi tidu ding d Vijt Nam va thl gidi - Truyenflidngcan phd biln rd mli lien he gifia vi$c tieu thy san phim tft DVHD vdi sv suy giam cia chung, dl ngudi dan hilu hau qua cua hanh vi cua hp - Mot trpng nhfing yen td chi phii manh nhit ddn hanh vi tieu ding cac san pham tft DVHD dd la nilm tin vap cdng dyng cfta chung dli vdi sftc khde va ddi sing ngudi da bam re chjt, dupe truyin tft nhilu thl hd, dd cac thdng di$p truyin thong can phai nhan msinh din vide chua cd bing chftng khoa hpc nao chftng minh dupc cdng dyng chfta b$nh cia cac san phim tft DVHD, cd flil mdi cae bdc s% chuyto Nguyen Bdc Vinh, Nguyen Hodi San, Nghiem Thi Thuy 41 ?ia uy tin ndi ve llnh vuc Ben canh do, can day manh tuyen truyen ve nhirng tac long tieu cue ciia san phim tu DVHD den ban than nguai sir dung - Ket qua nghien ciiu da eho thay nhung ngudi kinh doanh/buon ban nhd va agudi cao tudi/hmi tri ehiem ty ie cao nhit nhdm da su dung san phSm tii DVHD 12 thang qua Nhdm ngudi tre, cd hpc van cao cd ty le su dung thuc phim tu DVHD ldm hon ty le chung toan bd dan sd Cac chien lupc truyen thdng can tap trung vao cac ddi tupng - Do hanh vi mua ban, gicri thieu, chia se san phim tir DVHD phd bien nhat gifta ngudi than, ban be chii khdng phai qua giao dich thucmg mai cdng khai, sir tang cudng vai tro cua truyen thdng dai ehiing la rat quan trpng de thay ddi hanh vi cua mang ludi xa hdi - Cac chuang trinh truyen thdng ciing ean phai truyin tai manh me ve cae vu viec vi pham da bi phap luat xu ly nghiem minh, nang eao tinh chat giao due va ran de, dac biet la hudng den ddi tupng ngudi tieu diing - Cac san pham thay the can dupe de cap, tuyen truyen, thiic day va khuyen khich nhieu hom, tao dieu kien cho ngudi cd nhu cau dung thir Hau het ngudi dan nghe theo tu van gia dinh va ban be ve cae loai thudc lam tu DVHD Vi vay, can thdng qua mang luai xa hdi de truyen tai thdng diep truyen thdng khuyen khich, quang ba san pham thay the va thao luan cac van de lien quan Tdng cuang vai tro cde phuang tien truyen thdng - Truyin hinh van la kenh nhan thdng tin noi chung va thdng tin ve DVHD ndi rieng phd biln nhit cua nguoi tra Idi tham gia cuoc nghien eiiu Tuy nhien, van hau nhu chua cd thong diep vl phdng chdng viec san bat, budn ban, van chuyen, tieu thu, su dung cae san phim tvr DVHD tren cac chuang trmh truyen hirih hien (ke ca quang cao) Do vay, cin dly manh hon nua cac bien phap truyen thdng ke tren thdng qua phucmg tien - Intemet la mpt phuomg tien rat tiem nang can dupc khai thac cho cac chien dich truyin thdng vl bao ve DVHD, dac biet la cac mang xa hpi Cd the trinh bay chi tilt vl tinh trang suy giam quan the Ioai, nguy cap hoac tuyet chimg ciia mdt sd loai, giai thich vl vai trd da dang sinh hpe cua DVHD, niem tin sai Iam ve cdng dung ciia san phim tu DVHD Nen dang tai rpng rai tren cac trang tin, dien dan, mang xa hpi Mat khac, cin nghiem cam mpi gioi thieu, quang ba ve viee sii dung san pham tu DVHD tren cac phuang tien truyin thdng dai ehiing - Mpt nhirag phat hien rat quan trpng cua nghien ciiu la vai trd cua nhom ban be, ngudi than viec cung cap cac thdng tin ve san pham DVHD dong thdi la ngudn cung true tiep phd bien cac loai san pham ddi vdi nhiing ngucri tieu dung Cin CO cac hinh thiic truyen thdng sang tao nhu truyen thdng tai cpng ddng, cac 42 Nhan thic thdi do, hanh vi can lac bd, cac buli mit tinh, tuin hanh tai khu dan cv v l bao ton DVH, thu hit s/ tham gia cua ngudi dan Tdng cuang thtfc thiphdp ludt - Nghien cuu cho t h i y vide tilp can nhilu san p h i m tft DVHD d Ha Npi la kha de dang Dilu chftng td vide ngdn ehan tinh trang m u a ban cac san phim td BVHD d Ha Ndi cdn chua c h | t che D l thay ddi dupc tinh trang hien theo hudng tich cyc, d i l u uu tien hang diu la cdng tac thuc thi phap luat nghiem minh, khdng chi vdi hanh vi san bit, budn ban ma ca viec sft dung va tieu thy san phim tft DVHD - Nhilu quang cao thudc hien cfta Viet Nam van gdp phan tri va cing co nhan thftc v l tac dung cua cac san pham tft DVHD Do dd, can phai ed bien phap quan ly chat chd vin d l bdi day la hinh thftc gian tilp diy manh vide tieu dung cac san phim tft DVHD c i n tang cudng hpp tac gifia cac co quan chftc nang nudc Cac co quan thyc thi phap luat nen trao ddi thdng tin va phdi hpp chat chd hon vdi cac co quan truyen thdng de cdng bd cdng khai rdng rai cac kdt qua c i a cac chidn dich thyc thi phap luat, bao ve DVHD, truy td tdi pbam xam hai DVHD, giup nang cao nhan th6c ve phap luat va thyc thi phap luat Ben c^nh dd, vi?c day manh hpp tdc gifta cdc co quan chuc nang vdi cae td chftc phi chinh phft vd khu vuc tu nhan la rit quan nham tdng cudng quy md va cdc bien phap ngan ehan va giam thidu hanh vi mua ban, su dyng DVHD bit hpp phdp Tai lieu tham khao CITES 2008 Report on the Review of Vietnam's Wildlife Trade Policy Corlett, Richard T 2007 The impact of hunting on the mammalian fauna of tropical Asian forests Biotropica, Vol.39(3):292-303 D5 Thi Thanh HuySn, Biii Huu Manh, Hoang Diic Huy v4 D5 Thi H6ng Hoa 2011 Sii- dyng san pllk dgng vqt hoang da a Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh - Kit qua litiao sat ngudi dan va HQC sinh To chdc Bao ve D?ng vjl Hoang da (WAR), TP H Chi Minh Druiy, R.C 2009 Reducing urban demand for wild animals in Vietnam: examining the potential of wildlife farming as a conservation tool Conservation Letters, No.2:263-270 Eurogroup for Animals 2013 Report oflhe Mission lo Vietnam EVN 2010 B4o cio phSn lich thii d? va hjnh vi doi v6i vi?c sil dung mJt gau it V i | l Nam EVN 2014a Evaluation Report: Effectiveness in addressing effectiveness in addressing consumer wildlife crime in Hanoi EVN 2014b Evaluation Repon; Effectiveness in addressing effectiveness in addressing consumer wildlife crime m Ho Chi Minh City Nguyen Manh Ha, Vu Van Dung, Nguyen Van Song, Hoang Van Thang, Nguyen Huu Dung, Pham Ngoc Tuan, -Than Thi Hoa vd Doan Canh 2007 Report on the review of Vietnam's wildlifl trade policy CRES/FPD/UNEP/CITES/IUED, Hanoi, Vietnam Nguyen Due Vinh, Nguyen Hodi San, Nghiem Thi Thuy 43 Nguyen Phiic Bao H6a, Julia C Shaw, va Nguyen Vu Khoi 2004 Bao cao tflng ket ve Dii an Khao sat tinh hlnh kinh doanh dpng vat hoang da nha hteg, q u ^ Sn tai Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh Wildlife At Risk, Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, Vift Nam Nguyen Van Song 2008 Wildlife trading in Vietnam: situation, causes, and solutions The Journal of Environment & Development, Vol 17 (2) Shepherd, C vi Vincent, N J2008 Elephant and Ivory Trade in Myanmar TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia TRAFFIC 2007 A matter of attitude: The consumption of wild animal products in Hanoi.Vietnam, (compiled by Bina Venkataraman).TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Greater Mekong Programme, Ha Noi, Viet Nam UNEP-UNCTAD 2008 Wildlife Trade Policy Reviews: Synthesis Report For the initiative entitied "Enhancing National Capacities to Assess Wildlife Trade Policies in Support of the Convention on Intemational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora" Vu Thi Quyen 2010 B4o cio phan tich thai dO vh hanh vi d6i voi vi|c su dyng mSt giu cr Viet Nam Trung tam Gido due Thifin nhien Vi?t Nam - ENV, Ha Npi World Bank, 2005 Vietnam Environment Monitor 2005: Biodivertsity, World Bank Yiming, L.& Li, D.M 1998 The dynamics of trade in live wildlife across the Guangxi border between China and Vietnam during 1993-1996 and its control strategies Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol.7(7): 895-914  ... B4o cio phan tich thai dO vh hanh vi d6i voi vi| c su dyng mSt giu cr Viet Nam Trung tam Gido due Thifin nhien Vi? t Nam - ENV, Ha Npi World Bank, 2005 Vietnam Environment Monitor 2005: Biodivertsity,... ed bien phap quan ly chat chd vin d l bdi day la hinh thftc gian tilp diy manh vide tieu dung cac san phim tft DVHD c i n tang cudng hpp tac gifia cac co quan chftc nang nudc Cac co quan thyc thi... ph6 H6 Chi Minh, Vift Nam Nguyen Van Song 2008 Wildlife trading in Vietnam: situation, causes, and solutions The Journal of Environment & Development, Vol 17 (2) Shepherd, C vi Vincent, N J2008