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Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan van i Hien trang ki^n thirc, nhan thirc, thai va hanh vi cua hoc sinh trung hoc thong ve tieu diing ben virng Bang Thi Thanh LI'*, Nguyin Ky Phung^ To Thi Hiln^ Nguyen Thi Thu Hien^ Huynh Ngoc Thiiy An^ 'Trieang Dai hoc Khoa hQC Tu nhien, Bai hoc Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh -Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Tinh toan ^Trumg Dgi hoc Tdi nguyen vdMoi truong TP Ho Chi Mmh Ngay nhan bai 8/1/2020; chuygn phan bien 13/1/2020; nhan phan bien 20/2/2020; chap nhan dang 28/2/2020 Tom tdt: Sy phat trien kinh te da gay nhilu tac dong tieu eye den mdi truong, lam can Itien dSn cac nguQn tai nguyin Bilu da trd van de toan c5u, va tieu diing ben vung (TDBV) chinh la mdt nhirng bien phap tot nhat dl giai quyet van de dat Nghien ciiii da tien hanh khao sat danh gia doi voi 1102 hoc sinh tai 24 trudng trung hoc phd thong (THPT) thudc khu vuc noi hien huu, npi phat trien va ngoai TP H6 Chi Minh (TP HCM) nham danh gia hien trang kiln thuc, nhan thuc, thai dp va hanh vi ciia hpc sinh vl nhiing khia canh cua TDBV Kit qua nghien ciru cho thay kien thuc ciia hoc sinh ve TDBV van cdn nhieu han chi; nhan thirc, thdi dp, hanh vi cua hoc sinh d muc tuong doi tot chilm ty le cao Nhan thirc TDBV cua hpc sinh thuoc ba khu vuc u muc tirffng doi tot, da so hoc sinh khu vyc npi co nhan thirc chua tot chiem ty le cao hon khu vyc ngoai Kien thuc, thai dp cua hpc sinh khu vyc npi hien hiru ve TDBV tdt hon khu vyc npi phat trien va ngoai Tuy nhien, hanh vi tieu dung ciia hpc sinh khu vyc ngoai is muc tot chiem ty 11 cao nhat ba khu vyc Bin canh do, kit qua kiem dinh sy khac biet hanh vi tilu diing giira gim tinh cho thay gidi tinh cua hpc sinh THPT khdng anh hudng den hanh vi tieu diing Tie khoa: hanh vi tieu diing ben vung, hpc sinh trung hpc thong TP HCM, tieu dung ben vii'ng Chisd phan loai: 5.4 Gidi thieu Ngay nay, nhu cau tieu dung cua ngudi dang gia tang vdi toe dp rat nhanh Dieu da va dang gay nhieu van de: thieu hut ngudn nhien lieu, tang lugng rac phat thai va tang su dung dat Nhirng van de tac ddng rat Idn den mdi trudng, chiing ta can nhan thiic dupe nhiing hanh ddng tieu dimg, mua sam, sir dung tai nguyen ciing nhu phat thai hang cua minh Khi do, chiing ta se co trach nhiem hon vdi moi hanh ddng va quyet dinh ciia ban than Nhimg nghien ciiu gan day chi rang, hanh ddng cua ngudi la mot nhiing nguyen nhan true tiep gay nen cac van de mdi trudng, dac biet la cac hoat ddng san xuat va tieu diing Chinh vi vay, thdi gian vira qua, san xuat va TDBV la mot nhiing gjai phap quan nhan dugc sir quan tam sau sac tir cdng ddng Viet Nam va the gidi TDBV nghTa la viec mua nhung hang hda va djch vu khdng gay tdn hai den mdi trudng, xa hdi va kinh te [ I ] Hien tren the gidi cd rat nhieu nghien cifu ve TDBV, nhieu nghien cihi da dugc tien hanh nham xac dinh cac yeu td quyet dinh den hanh vi TDBV va mdi lien ket giira san xuat va TDBV Hanh vi cua ngudi tieu diing dai dien cho tac ddng ciia xa hoi ddi vdi mdi trudng, hieu dugc hanh vi cua ngudi tieu dung la dieu kien tien quyet de khuyen khich hanh vi tieu dimg than thien vdi mdi trudng vit thiic day hanh vi TDBV Viec thay ddi hanh vi cua ngudi tieu dimg la mot nhiem vu het siic phirc tap va khd khan [2] Cd mdt ket ndi quan trpng giiia cac dac diem kinh te - xa hdi, nhan khau hpc cita ngudi tieu diing va hanh vi tieu dung cd trach nhiem vdi xa hdi Mirc dp giao due se nang cao tinh than trach nhiem xa hoi ciia ngudi tieu dimg ma cudi ciing se nang cao hanh vi than thien vdi mdi trudng [3] Cd kha nhieu yeu td anh hudng den hanh vi tieu dimg ciing nhu tac ddng Ien y dinh TDBV Nhan thirc, thai dp, chuan muc xa hdi la nhung tac nhan cliinh anh hudng den hanh vi tieu diing ciia ddi tugng men dp tudi tir ISIS, ngoai sir giao due tir gia dinh dugc coi la yeu td quan va quyet dinh nhat ddi vdi nhan thii'c va thai dp TDBV cua ddi tuong tieu diing tre tudi [4] Thai dp la nhiing yen td du doan tdt hon ve hanh vi than thien mdi trudng so vdi cac bien sd khac [5, 6] Niem tin ciia ngudi tieu dimg hinh thai sir dung san pham va thiic day hanh vi tieu dung [7], ben canh dd, suy nghi, cam xiic cua ngudi tieu diing ciing se anh hudng den hanh vi [8] Ve mdi quan he giiia gidi tinh va thai dd tieu dimg ''tacgid lien he- Emad: dllle@licmiis edu vi HOA HOC , 62(4) 4.2020 BM6ii6HiVifflNam 23 Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan van Current status of knowledge, awareness, attitudes and behaviours of liigh school students on sustainable consumption khong CO su phan biet gidi tinh thai dp ddi vdi moi tnidng va mua sam san ph4m xanh [9, 10] Cac yiu td anh hudng den thai dp va hanh vi tieu dimg cac san pham xanh cua fhg he tudi tij 18-25 gdm ca ygu td (xa hoi, nhan thiic vg mdi trudng, gia ca) va cd su khac biet hanh vi tieu diing cac san phim xanh giiia nam va nir (nam cd xu hudng it than thien mdi truong hon nir) [11] Viet Nam da xay dung k^ hoach hanh ddng qudc gia ve san xuat va TDBV (SX&TDBV), vdi muc tieu tdng quat la giam cudng sir dung nguyen vat lieu va nang lugng 'University of Science, Vielnam National University Ho Chi Minh city he thdng san xuat va tieu diing (bang each nang cao hieu qua 'Institute for Computational Science and Technology ^University ofNatural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Mmh city sir dung) Tdi uu hda be thdng san xuat va tieu dung (thay the nguyen lieu dau vao, quy trinh, san pham, djch vu va Received January 2020; accepteci 28 February 2020 nhu cau) de khdng ngirng cai thien chat lugng cude sdng Xay dung ke hoach dao tao, cac chinh sach dieu phdi va cac Abstract: boat ddng thuc day qua trinh chuyen dich sang SX&TDBV, The development of the economy has caused many gdp phan phat trien ben vung dSt nude O nhirng khu vuc dd Fnegative impacts on the environment Environmental thi Idn, TDBV dang la mdi quan tam hang dau cua cac nha pollution is increasingly severe, the resources are hoach dinh chinh sach, dac biet la TP HCM - trung tam kinh Igradually exhausted, and energy is increasingly te cua ca nude, cd toe tang trudng kinh te cao, dang phai pcarce These have become a global issue in which ddi mat vdi ap lire Idn ve d nhiem mdi tnrdng, can kiet tai "sustainable consumption is one of the best measures nguyen thien nhien, bien doi hau toan cau to solve that problem The research has conducted a survey to assess the status quo (knowledge, awareness, Viec nghien ciru cac hanh vi tac ddng den y dinh tieu ^attitudes, behaviours) of 1102 students from 24 high diing cita ngudi da dugc thuc hien rong rai tren the gidi, [ schools in urban and suburban areas in Ho Chi Minh d Viet Nam ciing da cd nhieu chuyen gia thuc hien cac de ' city by multiple choice and self-eentered questions tai hen quan Tuy nhien, hau het cac nghien ciiu deu about sustainable consumption Assessment results dugc thuc hien tren nhiing ngudi da trudng thanh, da cd thu Pshowed that, the awareness, attitudes and behaviours nhap ma rat it de tai nghien ciru ve hanh vi tac dong cua Fof sustainable consumption of students were at a hpc sinh - the he tuong lai ciia dat nude Dac biet, hpc sinh Relatively good level with high results Awareness of trung hpc lit ddi tugng tre, nang ddng, sang tao, co kha nang sustainable consumption of students in three areas was tim tdi, tiep nhan va lan toa thong tin tdt den cdng ddng ''relatively good; meanwhile, the majority of students Viec cung cap cho hpc sinh trung hpc nhirng kien thirc ca in urban areas who did not have a good awareness, ban cd lien quan den TDBV, ciing nhu mdi quan he tac ddng accounted for a higher proportion than in suburban qua lai giu'a thoi quen tieu dimg, mdi trudng va sire khde areas Current students' knowledge and attitudes in sinh hoat hang se gdp phan hinh d hp y urban areas about sustainable consumption were better thiic, thai va hanh vi diing dan ve TDBV Vi vay viec than those in developed and suburban areas However, tuyen truyen, giao due nang cao nhan thirc ve TDBV cho the consumption behaviour of students in the suburban ddi tugng la van de cap thiet, cd tac dung rpng Idn, sau areas at a good level accounted for the highest rate sac va ben viing De dua cac giai phap giao due hieu qua, among the three areas In addition, the results of testing chiing ta can biet dugc hien trang kien thirc, nhan thiic, thai the consumption behaviour difference between sexes dd, hanh vi tieu dimg cua hgc sinh Dd chinh la muc tieu ciia showed that students' gender did not affect consumption nghien cim nity behaviour Pliiloing phap nghien ciiti Keywords: high school students in Ho Chi Minh Ddi tieffng vdpham vi nghien cmi city, sustainable consumer behaviour, sustainable Ddi tugng nghien ciiu la kien thuc, nhan thii'c, thai dp consumption va hanh vi ciia hpc sinh THPT tai cac trudng tren dia ban Classification number: 5.4 TP HCM Thi Thanh Le Dang'*, Ky Phung Nguyen^, Thi Hien To', Thi Thu Hien Nguyen^, Ngoc Thuy An Huynh^ Pham vi nghien ciru: de tai da tiSn hanh khao sat 24 trudng THPT tren dia ban TP HCM, vi tri cac tnrdng dugc tha hien ban dd hinh csNG NGHE Viet Nam 62(4) 4.2020 24 Khoa hoc Xa hgi va Nhan van i tien qua trinh xii ly cung nhu phuc vu cho viec danh gia kien thirc, nhan thiic, thai dp, hanh vi, nghien ciiu se tien hanh chuan hda (cho diem) cho mdi van de trpng tam Moi cau hoi cd mdt dac tnmg dap an dung, sai khac nhau, dua vao cau tra ldl ciia mdi hpc sinh ta cd the xac dinh va phan biet dugc kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp va hanh vi ciiatimgddi hrpng Ket qua khao sat duoc thdng ke phuc vu cho viec danh gia hien trang kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp, hanh vi cua hpc sinh Ket qua nghien cuU Ddnh gid kiin thiec vi TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT Kien thuc ciia hpc sinh dugc danh gia thdng qua phieu khao sat, sau chuan hda va phan chia miic do: tdt, tuong ddi tdt va chua tdt Trong pham vi bai nghien cim, kien thiic dugc hdi phieu khao sat danh cho hgc sinh dugc tien hitnh dudi gdc dpkien thiic chung vh TDBV, nang lugng, san pham xanh, du lich ben vung, dd thi ben vimg va han che phat thai Hinh Ban the hien vj tri cac truing THPT nghien cuu Ket qua khao sat ve kien thiic lien quan den cac khia canh TDBV ciia hpc sinh THPT dupe th6 hien d hinh Phuong phap nghien cim Phuang phap dieu tra xa hoi hpc duoc thuc hien thdng qua phiSu kliao sat tham y kign hoc smh tai cac trudng THPT d TP HCM Viec khao sat hien trang dugc thuc hien thdng qua bp cau hdi trac nghiem vdi ngi dung theo md hinh KAP (kien thiic, thai dp va hanh vi) Cau hdi thiet ke dupe van dung linh hoat de phii hgp vdi ndi dung hdi va phuong phap thong ke, bao gdm cau hdi ddng mot lira chpn, cau hdi ddng nhieu lira chpn, cau hdi md, cau hdi nira ddng niia md, cau hdi phan ddi, cau hdi nhieu lira chgn va cau hdi thang bac [12] Ndi dung xoay quanh cac van de ve TDBV Nghien ciiu ap dung phuang phap ngau nhien phan tang de tinh toan kich thudc mau Mau nghien cim dugc xac dinh thdng qua viec phan tang dua vao hai tieu chi: vanh dai khu vuc phan ngi hien huu, ngi phat trien, ngoai vit xep hang trudng dua vao diem tuyen sinh nam gan nhat Cdng thiic Linus Yamane ap dung chung cho viec tinh quy mo mau [13]: N n— — + A' * e ' Trong do: n la quy md mau dieu tra; N la sd lugng hoc sinh ciia cac trudng; e la miic sai lech (e=0,I) Hinh Kien thuc ve TDBV cua hoc sinh Ve kien thiic TDBV ciia cac em hpc smh, cd den 77,40% hpc sinh d mirc chua tdt, 20,33% d miic tuong ddi tdt va chi 2,27% cd kien thuc tdt Ket qua chi rang, kien thiic ve TDBV ciia hpc sinh cdn nhieu han che, nhung han che ve kien tliiic ciia hgc sinh phan \an nam d van de hen quan den kiSn thirc ve khai niem TDBV, san pham xanh, du lich ben viing, tang tnrdng xanh, thi ben vung Ket qua cung tuong ddng vdi ket qua nghien ciiu ciia SharifahA Haron va cs [14], nhung ngudi tham gia khao sat tra Idi ve nhung kien thiic mdi tru'dng CO ban hoac van de chung thi cd ty le cao, nhien duoc hdi ve cac thuat ngii hen khoa hpc khac nhau, phan Idn nhirng ngudi dugc hdi cdn xa la vdi hau het nhung thuat ngCr dugc dua khao sat Phuang phap xie ly so lieu Ddnh gid nhan thu'c ve TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT Sir dung phan mem MS-Excel va SPSS 20 (Chi - square, T - test) de xu ly so lieu thu thap dupe thdng qua phieu khao sat Ket qua dieu tra se dugc thdng ke phuc vu danh gia kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai do, hanh vi TDBV cua hgc sinli THPT De thuan De danh gia dugc nhan thiic ciia hgc sinh ve van de TDBV, nghien cim da tien hanh khao sat dua tren sir nhan dinh ciia hgc sinh ve vai tro ciia TDBV; nhiing mdi quan tam hien va van de mdi truong tai noi sinh sdng ciia hpc sinh bao gdm KHOA HOC 25 IWNGR , 62(4) 4.2020 I Khoa hgc Xa hoi va Nhan van siic khde, van hda, dao diic xa hdi, giao due, mdi trudng, kinh te - thu nhap ca nhan; va nhiing quan diem ciia hpc sinh ve cac nhan dinh lien quan den hanh vi tieu dung Ket qua khao sat nhan thiic ciia hoc sinh dugc the hien d hinh thiic v6 TDBV ciia cac em hoc smh tuong ddi tdt chimin, ly le cao da tac ddng tich cue dgn thai dp ciia cac em vk vSn de Banh gid hanh vi vi TDBV cua hoc sir THFT Bk biet vS hanh vi ciia hpc sinh ddi v - ' '^' ^'"^ TDBV, de tai da dua cac hanh vi thudc linh vuc, iiha a - nang lugng; phuang tien; hang tieu dimg - mua sSm; tieu diing thuc pham; thdi gian ranh Cac hanh vi se dupe hpc sinli lira chpn vdi miic sau: thudng xuyen lam, thinh thoang lani, khdng lam HSu het cac ylu td anh hudng dSn hanh vi cd the dugc phan hai loai khac - cac y6u td lien quan den ca nhan va lien quan dSn bdi canh/tinh hudng Cac yk\x td ca nhan bao g6m thai dp, gia tri, dac diem nhan khau hpc va cac bien sd khac anh hudng den viec quyit dinh va hanh vi ciia ngudi tieu dimg; cac yeu td bdi canh/tiidi hudng lien quan den cac yeu td ben ngoai cd the anh hudng d6n TDBV theo hudng tich circ hoac tieu cue [16] Ddi vdi hpc smh THPT, viec tieu dung ciia cac em cdn phu thuoc vao gia dinh ciing nhu bdi canh ca nhan, Hinh Nhan thuc v l TDBV cua hoc sinh dugc hdi ve viec ti§u dung hang xoay quanh cac chii de i nang lugng, thuc pham, hang tieu dung, phuang tien va nang Ket qua khao sat nhan thtic ve TDBV ciia hpc sinh cho thay lugng, da sd cac em deu cd khuynh hudng tieu diing d miic 77,5% CO nhan thitc draitctuong ddi tot, 13,43% co mirc nhan tuong ddi tdt, cu the 29,67% hgc sinh o miic dp tdt, 66,79% thuc tdt va 9,07% cd nhan thiic chua tdt, ben canh van de ma d miic dg tuong doi tdt va 3,54% d miic dp chua tdt (hinh 5) cac em quan tam nhieu nhat hien la sire khde va theo sau la van de mdi tnrdng •T6t JLDdnh gid thdi vi TDBV ciia hoc sinh THPT De tun hieu thai dp cua hpc sinh tren dia ban TP HCM • Tiroiig doi tot ddi vdi TDBV, de tai da dua cac van de, sir kien lien quan den TDBV vao khao sat Ket qua cho thay hpc sinh cd thai Chua tdt • dO d mure tuong ddi tdt la 63,34%, tdt la 22,87%, chua tdt la 13,79%! Dii heu ket qua danh gia thai dp ve TDBV ciia hgc sinh dugc the hien d hinh • Tuang doi tot Hinh S Hanh vi ve TDBV cua hoc sinh • Chua tdt Moi lien he giira kien thiec, nhan thirc, thai dp va hanh vi TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT Di Iam tien de cho viec nang cao nhan thiic vit hanh vi TDBV ciia hgc sinh THPT, dl tai darienhanh kilm tra moi li6n he giiia cac yeu td kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp ddi vdi hanh vi ciia hpc sinh THPT vl TDBV Hinh Thai ve TDBV cua hoc sinh Thai dp cd the hi anh hudng bdi nhan thiic ciia ngudi, ben canh dd thai ciia ngudi dupe khao sat bi tac ddng nhieu bdi nhan thiic ciia hg, neu mirc dp nhan thiic cao cdng vdi kien thiic mdi trudng cao se cho mot thai dp tich cue ciia ngudi dugc hdi, va dieu co the cd dugc la tir gia dinh, giao vien, phuong tien tniyen thdng va giao trinh hpc ve mdi trudng cua hgc sinh tai tmdng [15] Trong pham vi nghien ciru, nhan KHOA HOC &NGNGHEVK , 62(4) 4.2020 Ket qua kiem dinh Chi hmh phuong giua kiln thiic vl TDBV va hanh vi JDBV cho thIy p-value (sig.)=0,006), hanh vi tieu dung ciia cac em la tucmg ddi tdt (66,79%) Haiih virieudimg ciia hoc sinh THPT bi anh hudng bdi nhan thitc va thai do, khdng bi anh hudng bdi kien thirc Ben canh dd nghien cihi cung chi rang, khdng cd su khac biSt giiia gidi tinh ddi vdi hanh vi tieu dung Viec phan tich, danh gia hien trang kien thirc, nhan thiic, thai dd, hanh vi ve TDBV ciia hgc sinh se la bang chiing cho nhiing nghien ciiu ve cac yen td anh hudng den hanh vi tieu dung cita hoc sinh, ddng thdi la co sd cho viec xay dung cac giai phap nham nang cao nhan thiic cua hgc smh THPT vl TDBV KHOA HOC Lifestyles , 62(4) 4.2020 [14] Shanfah A Haron, Laily Paim and Nunzan Yahaya (2005), "Towards susfamable consumption: an examination of environmental knowledge among Mala3^ians", Internationa! Journal of Consumer Studies, 5(29), pp 426-436, [15] Zamntaj Aminrad (2005), "Relationship between awareness, knowledge and attimdes towards environmental education among secondary school students mMalaysia", World Applied Sciences Journal, 9(22), pp 1326-1333 [16] Elena Kostadmova (2016), "Sustainable consumer behavior Literature overview", Economic Alternatives, University of National and Woild Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria 2, pp.224-234 [17] P Schultz (2002), "Envuormiental attitudes and behaviors across cultures", Online Readings in Psychology and Culture httpsV/doi org/10 9707/2307-0919-1070 [18] D J Dahab, J W Gentry, W Su (1995), "New way to reach non recyclers' an extension of the model of reasoned action recyclmg behaviors", Advances in Consumer Research, pp 251-256 [19] T Ramayah, L W C Lee, S Lim (2012), "Sustainmg the environment through recyclmg an empmcal study", / fiiviron A&nage, 102, pp.7-141 27 ... Hanh vi ve TDBV cua hoc sinh • Chua tdt Moi lien he giira kien thiec, nhan thirc, thai dp va hanh vi TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT Di Iam tien de cho viec nang cao nhan thiic vit hanh vi TDBV ciia hgc sinh. .. thai dp ciia cac em vk vSn de Banh gid hanh vi vi TDBV cua hoc sir THFT Bk biet vS hanh vi ciia hpc sinh ddi v - ' '^' ^'"^ TDBV, de tai da dua cac hanh vi thudc linh vuc, iiha a - nang lugng; phuang... hien trang kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp, hanh vi cua hpc sinh Ket qua nghien cuU Ddnh gid kiin thiec vi TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT Kien thuc ciia hpc sinh dugc danh gia thdng qua phieu khao sat, sau
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