78 Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trie''''n, sd 1 (78) 2010 MOI TRUClNG SINH T H A I QUAN DIEM VA MUC TIEU SU" DUNG TAI NGUYEN N\J6c VA MOI TRUOfNG LUtJ Vl/C SONG HU''''ONG D6 Nam*, Bui Thi Mai**, Nguyen Van C[.]
78 Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trie'n, sd (78) 2010 MOI TRUClNG - SINH T H A I QUAN DIEM VA MUC TIEU SU" DUNG TAI NGUYEN N\J6c VA MOI TRUOfNG LUtJ Vl/C SONG HU'ONG D6 Nam*, Bui Thi Mai**, Nguyen Van Cif" I T a i n g u y e n nv^dfc v a m o i trvCdng li:fu vx^c s o n g Hu'dng - do'i tlidng n g h i e n cu'u v a b a o v e Lffu vffc sdng Hffffng ndm ggn dia gidi hanh chinh eua tinh Thffa Thien Hue, theo phan loai lffu vffc sdng la lffu vffc sdng ngi tinh, vdi ddng ehinh la sdng Hffang va song Bd Theo so' lieu cap nhat ciia Ban Qudn ly Dff an song Hffang,'^' lffu vffe song Hffffng ed dien tich 3.223km2, ndm tren dia bdn 134 phffdng, xa tren tdng sd 152 phffdng, xa eua huyen, pho' Sdng Hffdng la doan song tff nga ba Tudn de'n effa sdng dd pha Tam Giang, ed nhanh Ta t r a c h va Hffu Trach bat ngudn tff day Trffdng San d cac huyen A Lffdi va Nam Dong Song Bd eung bdt ngudn tff day Trffdng San d huyen A Lffdi chay qua eac huyen Phong Dien, Hffffng Tra va Qudng Dien, rdi nhap vao ddng ehinh song Hffang d nga ba Sinh, xa Phu Mau, huyen Phu Vang Ngoai ede nhdnh sdng tff nhien, he thdng sdng Hffang edn bao gdm cac sdng dao ndi sdng Hffffng vdi sdng Bd, ndi sdng Bd vdi phd Tam Giang, ndi sdng Hffang vdi dam Cau Hai Nhff vay, ed the ndi lffu vffe song Hffffng bao gdm ed he dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai Tdng ehieu dai he thdng sdng chinh lffu vffe sdng Hffffng la 190km, chiem dien tich gdn S.OOOkm^ hay gdn 60% tdng dien tich tff nhien eua toan tinh Thffa Thien Hue Tdng lffu Iffqng ddng chdy nam cua lffu vffe sdng Hffffng kha ldn, nhffng tap trung chii yeu vao 3-4 thang mua mffa, vi vay thffdng xay lu, lut Vao mua kiet, lffu lffgng ddng chdy ra't nhd, chiem khoang 25-30% tdng lffu lffgng nam, ddn den han han va xam nhap man sau theo cae ddng sdng [1] Lffu vffe sdng Hffang ddng vai trd cffc ky quan trgng dd'i vdi sff phat t n e n kinh te-xa hdi cua tinh, vi nd cung cap nhieu ngudn Iffc tff nhidn eho eac nganh kinh te' ca ban eua tinh: nffdc nggt cho nong nghidp, edng nghiep va sinh hoat, cae loai khoang san eho edng nghiep khai khoang va che bien, tai nguyen rffng va da dang sinh hgc Trong lffu vffc cd phd Hue vdi quan the di tich lich sii dffgc UNESCO cdng n h a n la Di sdn van hda the gidl Ngoai ra, da sd eac khu bdo tdn thien nhien quan trgng cffa qude gia hoac eua tinh da dffge edng nhan hoac dang lap hd sa [2, 3] tap trung chu yeu d lffu vffc sdng Hffang lam eho lffu vffc sdng cang them quan trgng Tai nguyen nffdc va mdi trffdng lffu vffe sdng Hffffng la dd'i tffgng dffgc quan tam nghien cffu eiia nhieu td ehffe va ea nhan vi cae mue dieh khde Cd nhdm va'n de lien quan de'n tai nguyen nffdc va moi trffdng lffu •_ " Sd Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Thffa Thien Hue Vien Dja ly, Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam Tong eue Bien va Hai dao Viet Nam > M : i ,• , Tap chi Nghien cffu \-a Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 79 vffc sdng Hffffng dffpc eac nha khoa hgc dac biet quan tam la: (1) chien Iffge quy hoach sff dung; (2) mdi trffdng va chat lffgng nffdc; (3) hien tffgng Iff lut, nguyen nhan va eac gidi phap han ehe thiet hai Iff lut gay Neu xet den tdm dnh hffdng eua cac cong trinh lien quan de'n lffu vffc song Hffffng thi cae chien Iffgc, quy hoach hoac eac ca sd khoa hgc eho ehie^n Iffge, quy hoach la nhdm cdng trinh khoa hgc quan trpng nhat Dd la cae loai chien Iffpc, quy hoach: quy hoach thuy lgi [4, 5], quy hoach thuy dien [6], quy hoach tham dd, khai thac va sd dung eat, san, sdi ldng song [7], quy hoach ehinh tri nhdm dn dinh hai bd sdng [8], chie'n Iffge phat trien va bdo ve ngudn nffdc [9 10] ciia lffu vffc song Hffffng va cac lffu vffc s6ng khac cffa tinh Thffa Thien Hue Mac du da bdt dau quan tam den quy hoach thffy dien [6], nhffng da sd cae quy hoach va chien Iffge deu lien quan den van de khai thae, sff dung tai nguyen nffdc, vdi quan diem lffu vffc song eo chffc nang nhdt la cung cap ngudn nffdc eho nganh thiiy lgi, phuc vu sdn xuat n6ng nghiep Hdu nhff eac quy hoach va chien Iffge chffa sii dung tiep can qudn ly tdng hgp va phat trien ben vffng, chffa dat tai nguyen nffdc vao mgt chinh the kh6ng the tach rdi la mdi trffdng lffu vffc song de xem xet, chffa coi tai nguyen nffdc chi la mgt ye'u to' moi trffdng, mgt nhffng tai nguyen thien nhien cdn dffgc bdo ve va sd dung mgt each hgp ly, thong minh va ben vffng Nhdm cong trinh khoa hgc ed sd lffgng nhieu nhat la nhdm nghien cffu ve m6i trffdng va chat lffgng nffdc Tff nam 1994-1995, ca quan qudn ly m6i trffdng dia phffang dffgc lap, thi gdn nhff deu dan hang nam hoac nam, cff quan deu ed edng bd bao eao hien trang m6i trffdng ciia tinh, dd moi trffdng va chdt lffgng nffffe cffa cac ddng s6ng la mdt nhffng chffffng, muc quan trgng, khffng bao gid thieu [11-13] Can eff vao 10 thong sd quan trgng nhat dae trffng eho m6i trffdng va chat lffffng nffdc s6ng Hffffng, Pham Khde Lieu va cpng sff [14] danh gia chat lffgng nffdc song Hffffng la tdt den rat tdt Cae cong trinh nghien cffu khd nang d nhiem ndi ehung [15] vd d nhiem kim loai nang noi rieng [16] va sd lieu quan trdc chat lffgng nffdc song Hffffng gdn day [17] da khdng dinh lai rdng nguy ea nhiem song Hffffng va ede ddng song lffu vffc sdng Hffffng la CO thffc, nhffng cho de'n cae thong sd chat lffgng nffdc sdng Hffdng van dat tieu chuan Lu lut, cae van de lien quan den Iff lut, treng dd ed eac gidi phap gidm thieu thiet hai Iff lut gay la mdi quan tam thffdng trffc cua eac nha khoa hgc [18-23], tff viee mo ta lai qud trinh ngap lut mdi quan he vdi cdc dac trffng vat ly cua lffu vffc [18], ffng dung cae mo hinh tinh toan de xay dffng mo hinh ngap lut [19-21], hoac xay dffng cac bdn d6 ngap lut va phffdng an cdnh bdd, dff bao [22] de'n phat trien cffng nghe dff bdo Iff cd the ffng dung thffc te phdng tranh Iff lut may nam qua cua tinh [23] Ngoai ra, cdn hang tram edng trinh nghien cffu khoa hgc ciia cae td chffc va ed nhan d trung ffffng va dia phffffng da dffgc edng bd, de cap den mgi khia canh, linh vffe lien quan den tai nguyen va mdi trffdng nffdc lffu vffc song Hffffng, ma ehung tdi khong the liet ke he't day Chinh vi lffu vffc song Hffffng ed sff khac biet, cd vai trd quan trgng va dffge quan tam nhff vay, ma UBND tinh Thffa Thien Hue da phdi hgp vdi 80 Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 ede td chffc qude te' va ede bd, nganh to ehffe hdi thao "The Development Plan of Huong River Basin" tai Ha Ndi vdo thdng 5/1997 [24] Diem lai ede cdng trinh nghien cffu ve tai nguyen nffdc va mdi trffdng lffu vffc sdng Hffffng, chung tdi nhan thay rdng, hau he't cae edng trinh da edng bd deu ddi bd^i cdnh tai nguyen nffdc Iffu vffe ehi cd mdt mue tieu sii dung nha't la thuy lgi phuc vu ndng nghiep Han nffa, muc tieu sii dung da dffge xae dinh mgt each mac nhien Nay mue tieu siif dung nffdc da thay ddi, mdt phan tai nguyen nffdc da hoac dang dffgc quy hoaeh cho muc tieu khai thac thuy dien'^' va cac nhu edu cap nffdc khac Ro rang la, qua trinh phdt trien kinh te'-xa hgi eua dia phffang dang keo theo nhieu van de, cd ve mdi trffdng va xa hgi, dat eho lffu vffc sdng Hffffng nhieu thdch thffc: ede ngudn thai khdng dffgc kiem soat la nguy ea gay nhiem cac ngudn nffdc lffu vffe, dae biet la ddng ehinh sdng Hffffng; tai nguyen thien nhien dang dffge sd dung chffa hgp ly, ed nguy ca can kiet (tai nguyen rffng tff nhien, da dang sinh hgc, nguon lgi thuy sinh sdng, dam pha ), mdi trffdng chffa dffge quan tam bao ve, nhieu ye'u to' moi trffdng ed nguy ea suy thoai (da't, nffdc), ede tae ddng tieu effc cua thien tai van chffa dffge han ehe ; hoat ddng quan ly moi trffdng cdn nhieu bat cap Ve xa hgi, ty le ddi ngheo van edn cao, ty le lao ddng qua dao tao cdn thap, ngudn nhan Iffe chffa trd ngudn Iffe ca bdn eho phat trien Cd nghia la sff phdt trien cua lffu vffe sdng Hffffng chffa ben vffng Ly luan ehung ve quan ly lffu vffe sdng [25, 26] ehi rdng, mud'n giai quyet dffge nhffng thach thffc ma lffu vffe sdng Hffang dang phai do'i mat can phdi ffng dung thffc hanh tie'p can quan ly tdng hgp lffu vffc song, ma ea sd quan trgng de trien khai thffc hien quan ly tdng hgp la eac quan diem, mue tieu sd dung tdi nguyen nffdc va mdi trffdng ciia dia phffffng Bai dat muc tieu phan tich cae quan diem, mue tieu sd dung nffdc va bao ve mdi trffdng eua qude te', qud'c gia, eac dieu kien tff nhien va xa hgi, quy hoaeh phat trien 10 nam, 20 nam tdi eua dia phffffng de dffa cae quan diem, mue tieu siif dung tai nguyen nffdc va moi trffdng lffu vffe sdng Hffffng II Quan d i e m ve si3f d u n g tai n g u y e n nv^dfc k e t hcfp vdri bao v^ moi tru'cfng lu'u vxic s o n g c u a quoc gia va q u o c te Hdi nghi quo'c te' ve nffdic va phdt trien ben vffng hgp tai Dublin, nam 1992, da dffa nguyen tde ve tai nguyen nffdc va phat trien ben vffng [27], ma de'n vdn giff nguyen gid tri Nguyen tde thff nha't nhan manh den vai tro cffe ky quan trgng cua tai nguyen nffdc do'i vdi euge sdng va tinh hffu ban ve so lffgng, tinh de tdn thffpng ve cha't lffgng eua nd: "Nddc nggt Id tdi nguyen cd hgn vd de suy thodi, cdn thiet de tri sU sdng, phdt tried vd mdi trudng" Nguyen tde thff hai la nguyen tde dam bdo cho sff tham gia eiia cae nhdm ddi tffgng lien quan de'n nffdc quan ly tai nguyen nffdc: "Phdt trien vd qudn ly nUdc cdn dUa tren nguyen tde cung tham gia cua ngudi dung nudc, ngudi lap ke hogch vd hogch ditih chinh sdch a mgi cdp" Nguyen tae thff ba n h a n manh vai tro quan trgng cua phu nff viec bao ve nguon nffde; "Phu nd cd vai trd trung tdm viec dd trd, qudn ly vd bdo ve nguon nudc" Nguyen tde thff tff khang dinh gia tri hang hda va tinh Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trie'n, sd (78) 2010 81 canh tranh sd dung ngudn nffdc: "Nudc cd gid tri kinh te mgi sd dung cgnh tranh vd cdn dUgc thUa nhdn Id mdt hdng hda kinh te" Chinh nguyen tde thff tff da lam thay ddi nhieu nhan thffc va chinh saeh, phap luat ve tai nguyen nffde cua chung ta thdi gian qua Tren ca sd nguyen tde Dublin, nam 2001, Ngan hang Phat trien chau A (ADB) da dffa chinh sach ve nffdc cua chau A lam cff sd eho qudn ly, bdo ve, chia se cac ngudn nffdc va ve ffu tien hd trg eua ADB linh vffe nffde [28], dac biet la cae ngudn nffdc thudc cac lffu vffc song xuyen qude gia Cae ehinh saeh khuyen khich ffu tien qude gia ve cdi each nganh nffde, eai thien va thue ddy cac dieh vu lien quan den tai nguyen nffde, thffc day bdo tdn cac ngudn nffdc va nang eao hieu suat eac he tho'ng khai thdc va SLf dung nffde, thue day qudn ly tdng hgp tai nguyen nffdc d tffng qude gia va khuyen khich hgp tac khu vffe sff dung cffng cd lgi cac ngudn nffde tff cac lffu vffc xuyen bien gidi va tao dieu kien eho trao ddi thong tin, kinh nghiem cua nganh nffde va tang cffdng qudn ly nha nffde Tiep sau "Ke hoach qude gia ve moi trffdng va phat trien lau ben 1991-2000" [29], "Chie'n Iffge (2001-2010) va ke hoach hanh ddng (2001-2005) qude gia ve bdo ve moi trffdng" [30] da dffge cong bd Trong cae ngi dung chu yeu ciia chien Iffge nay, ngi dung "bdo ve mdi trUdng vd sd dung ben vdng tdi nguyen nUdc" dffgc coi la nhiem vu ffff tien hang ddu Thffc hien chffong trinh hdnh ddng Johannesburg ve moi trffdng va phat trien ben vffng, nam 2004 Viet Nam da xay dffng va cong bd Agenda 21 qud'c gia (VA21) [31] lam dinh hffdng chie'n Iffge eho phat trien ben vffng cffa ddt nffdc Trong VA21 quoc gia ed linh vffe lien quan den sd dung tai nguyen thien nhien, bdo ve mdi trffdng va kiem soat d nhiem thi ed den linh vffe lien quan de'n tai nguyen nffdc va bdo ve moi trffdng lffu vffe song Day chinh la dinh hffdng chien Iffgc cua qude gia ma cac dia phffffng, co tinh Thffa Thien Hue can tuan theo de xuat cae quan diem, muc tieu, cac chffffng trinh, de dn lien quan den sii dung tai nguyen thien nhien, bdo ve moi trffdng va phat trien ben vffng noi chung, lien quan den siif dung hgp ly tai nguyen nffde va bdo ve moi trffdng lffu vffc song ndi rieng III De xuat quan d i e m ve su" d u n g tai n g u y e n nvtdfc va bao ve moi trtfdfng liiu \\ic s o n g cua tinh Thu'a Thien Hue Gdn day, Thu tffdng Chinh phii da ky quyet dinh 86/2009/QD-TTg 17/6/2009 phe duyet quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te-xa hgi tinh Thffa Thien Hue de'n nam 2020 [32] Trong quy hoach tdng the eua tinh Thffa Thien Hue, ed 10 quan diem phat trien ehu dao ve kinh te, van hda, xa hpi, an ninh, quo'c phdng Ta't ea cac quan diem phat trien dd deu nhan manh den tinh ben vffng eua phat trien, de'n sff can bdng, hai hda giffa tang trffdng kinh te, ddm bao cdng bdng xa hdi va bdo ve mdi trffdng Trong sd 10 quan diem phat trien dd, quan diem thff ve mdi trffdng nha'n manh: "Bdo ddm phdt trien ben vdng mdi trUdng Chu trgng cdng tde bdo ve mdi trUdng, klidng ldm ton hgi vd suy thodi mdi trUdng vd cdnh quan thien nhien" Sff khac biet cua tinh Thffa Thien Hue ehinh la khong chi quan tam den viee "khdng ldm tdn ligi vd suy t/iodi mdi trUdng" ma cdn dac biet quan tam den "cdnh quan thien nhien" - mdt tai nguyen du lich quan trgng eua tinh 82 Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 Dffa tren cae nguyen tde chung ve bao ve mdi trffdng va sd dung tai nguyen nffdc eua qud'c te' (toan cau, chau A), eua qud'c gia, dffa tren cae nghien cffu da edng bd' eua ede nha khoa hgc va nghi dinh ve quan ly lffu vffe sdng eua Chinh phu [33], ehung tdi dffa quan diem lien quan den suf dung tai nguyen nffdc lffu vffc sdng Hffffng, the hien ede nguyen tde quan ly tdng hgp lffu vffc sdng va sii dung hgp ly tai nguyen nffdc lffu vffc nhff sau: Lffu vffe sdng Hffang la lffu vffe sdng ngi tinh, cua tinh Thffa Thien Hue, khdng phu thudc ranh gidi hanh ehinh giffa ede huyen, cac xa, nhffng cd tdm quan trgng qud'c te vffgt ngoai khudn kho mdt tinh, mdt qude gia ve gia tri tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu va da dang,'^' ve gia tri van hda-lieh suf va du lich gdn vdi sdng Hffang, ve md hinh quan ly lffu vffc sdng ndi tinh Tdi nguyen nffde va mdi trffdng Imi vffe sdng Hffang ed quan he chat ehe, khong the tach rdi eua mpt chinh the la lffu vffe sdng Trong linh vffe bdo ve mdi trffdng lffu vffe sdng, tai nguyen nffde la mgt ye'u to' phan, ngffgc lai linh vffc qudn ly tdng hgp lffu vffc sdng vdi chu the la tai nguyen nffde, moi trffdng la yeu to phan Day chinh la ly de dp dung qudn ly tdng hgp lffu vffc sdng Tdi nguyen nffde va mdi trffdng lffu vffe sdng Hffang UBND tinh Thffa Thien Hue' thd'ng nhat quan ly thdng qua cae van ban quy pham phap luat trung ffffng vd dia phffang da va se dffge ban hanh Cac ehinh saeh, ea che va quy pham phap luat eua dia phffffng phai phu hgp vdi cdc quy dinh phap luat cua nha nffdc trung ffffng va tdn trgng cdc quy luat eua tff nhien Mgi td chffc xa hdi, t h a n h phan kinh te va ed n h a n ed quyen khai thae, sd dung tai nguyen nffde va ede phan mdi trffdng ciia lffu vffe sdng, nhffng ed trach nhiem tuan thii cac quy dinh cua UBND tinh vd ed nghia vu giff gin, bdo ve mdi trffdng lffu vffe sdng Tai nguyen nffde va mdi trffdng lffu vffc sdng Hffang phdi dffge phat trien ben vffng va phai dffge khai thac, sd dung da muc tieu, tiet kiem va hieu qud: Tinh ben vffng ciia lffu vffe sdng Hffffng cdn phai dffge the hien CO ehe tdi ehinh ben vffng ddi vdi mgi dd'i tffgng dau tff phat trien ngudn nffdc vd sd dung nffde Nang eao kha nang chu ddng ve ngudn nffdc cung cap cho cae nganh san xuat yd ddi sd^ng, dam bad ddng chdy mdi trUdng^'^^ lffu vffc sdng Hffang, ddng thdi han che' ede thiet hai nffdc gay Sdn pham nffdc la hang hda, dau tff eho bao ve va dam bao ngudn nffde lffu vffe sdng Hffang la dau tff eho phat trien Dam bao edng bdng suf dung tai nguyen nffdc, chia se lgi ich giffa cae dia phffffng (huyen, xa^ thffgng lffu, lffu) cung lffu vffc, giffa ede nganh sii dung nffde (ndng nghiep, thuy san, thuy dien, edng nghiep, nffdc sinh hoat ) va phdng tranh lu lut Quan ly tdng hgp tai nguyen nffde lffu vffc song Hffang dffgc thffc hien theo phffang ithffc quan ly tdng hgp lffu vffc sdng Cd the chuyen nffde tff lffu vffe sdng Hffang sang lffu vffe sdng khac va ngffgc lai, nhffng khdng dffgc chuyen Iff tff lffu vffe sdng sang lffu vffe sdng khac Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 83 O day, quan diem dau tien da nhan manh den tam quan trgng cua lffu vffe sdng Hffang va coi lffu vffc sdng Hffffng la mdt the thdng nhat ve tdi nguyen nffdc va moi trffdng, khong phu thude va ranh gidi hanh ehinh (trong trffdng hgp tinh Thffa Thien Hue la giffa cae huyen, cac xa) Cac quan diem gdn lien vdi cac quan diem ve bdo ve moi trffdng lffu vffe song, la cP sd de chung tdi de xuat eho cac nha qudn ly dia phffang chap nhan cae muc tieu dinh hffdng ve sd dung tai nguyen nffdc ket hgp vgi bdo ve moi trffdng lffu vffe sdng Hffang giai doan tff den nam 2020, la nhffng quan diem ca ban ddm bao cho lffu vffe sdng Hffang phdt trien ben vffng tffffng lai rv Muc t i e u ve suf d u n g nvLdc va bao ve moi triiofng lu'u vij'c sdng Hv^cfng Nhff tren da ndi, lffu vffc sdng Hffffng dffgc coi la mgt chinh the ve tai nguyen nffdc va mdi trffdng, vi vay mue tieu ve sff dung tai nguyen nffde va muc tieu ve bao ve moi trffdng Iffli vffe song Hffang la khong the tach rdi Vi lffu vffc song Hffffng chiem mdt vi tri quan trgng, ed ve tff nhien (dien tich) ldn kinh te-xa hgi (dan sd, eac ca sd kinh te )'^' ddi vdi tinh Thffa Thien Hue, nen dffdi day chung toi sd dung ede mue tieu ve tai nguyen nffdc va moi trffdng quy hoach tdng the phdt trien kinh te-xa hgi eua toan tinh den nam 2020 lam eac muc tieu cho lffu vffc song Hffffng Trong nhffng trffdng hgp cd the, chung toi se nhan manh trffdng hgp rieng cua cae ddng sdng lffu vffc Trong "Quy hoaeh tdng the phdt trien kinh te-xa hgi tinh Thffa Thien Hue den nam 2020" mdi dffgc Thu trffdng Chinh phu ky quyet dinh phe duyet [35], thi linh vffe mdi trffdng, tinh Thffa Thien Hue dat cac muc tieu sau day:""' Ty le che phu rdng dgt 55% vdo ndm 2010 vd tren 60% vdo ndm 2020 Bdo ve cdc he sinh thdi quan trgng (rdng nggp man ven bien, ddm phd ), trdnh ldm d nhiem nguon nUdc mat vd nUdc ngdm Nude thdi td cdc khu dd thi, cdc khu cdng nghiep, cdc cum cdng nghiep vd cdc ldng nghe phdi dugc xd ly trUdc xd mdi trUdng; Chdt thdi rdn phdi dUgc xd ly dgt tieu chudn theo quy dinh Phdng chdng, hgn che den mdc tdi da sd suy kiet cdc ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien vd tde hgi cua thien tai (bdo Id, lut ) Trong eac ngdnh kinh te, cac nganh nong nghiep, lam nghiep va ngff nghiep la nhffng nganh gdn bd mat thie't vdi lffu vffc sdng, vdi tai nguyen nffdc Muc tieu cua cac nganh quy hoaeh tdng the la: "Gdn phdt trien ndng, ldm, ngU nghiep vdi bdo ve tdi nguyen ddt, tdi nguyen rUng va tdi nguyen bien, bdo ve mdi trUdng vd gid cdn bdng sinh thdi", "Phdt trien kinh te rdng vdi bdo ve mdi trUdng Bdo ve vd phdt trien vdn rdng, nhdt la rdng phdng hd, rdng ddc dung vd rdng tU nhien", "Ve thdy sdn ket hgp ddm bdo tinh da dgng, khd ndng tri, tdi tgo nguon lgi thdy, hdi sdn, tri vd bdo ve mdi trUdng sdng cho cdc lodi thuy sinh vung ddm phd, ven bien" Mac du khong dffgc dffa vao mue tieu sii dung nffde mgt each tffdng minh nhff cac nganh nong nghiep, lam nghiep va ngff nghiep, nhffng nganh 84 Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 thuy dien la mdt nhffng nganh canh tranh ehinh suf dung tai nguyen nffde lffu vffe sdng Hffffng Vdi quy hoach se xay dffng nhieu cdng trinh thuy dien trung binh vd nhd tren toan lanh thd tinh Thffa Thien Hue, dd cd 10 cdng trinh da va se dffgc xay dffng lffu vffe sdng Hffffng, chdc chdn mue tieu sd dung tai nguyen nffde nhffng nam tdi cua tinh se thay ddi can ban, tff viec gan nhff 100% lffgng nffde danh eho eac nganh ndng nghiep, lam nghiep va ngff nghiep, tai nguyen nffdc, cae ddng chdy se dffgc chia se lai, mdt phdn ddng chay tren thffgng ngudn se tap trung ve cac hd chffa, ddng chay lu mua mffa se giam, ddng chdy kiet mffa ndng se dffge nang len, xam nhap man se dffgc day lui Tuy nhien, di kem vdi tai nguyen nffdc Id lffgng phu sa mau md cho ddng rudng, la cdc loai eat, san sdi eho xay dffng, la thffc an cho cac lodi thiiy, hai sdn d du, ne'u long hd khong dffge lam saeh thi ngudn nffde mat di qua ede hd chffa se bi d nhiem mdt thdi gian tinh bang dan vi nam Nhffng van de chffa dffpc nghien cffu mgt each day du va toan dien Quy hoach nganh thuy dien mdi me va day tiem nang, nhffng tde ddng moi trffdng dffgc danh gia chffa ky, cd tieu cffc lan tich effe, can tiep tuc danh gia them, nhdm tranh nhffng hau qua dang tie'e, khong the siia chffa tffffng lai La mpt trung tam du lich, ben canh mue tieu sii dung nffde eho dd thi va edng nghiep, t h a n h phd Hue - dd thi ndm d trung tam eua lffu vffe sdng Hffang, edn ed mue tieu sii dung nffde eho du lich rat ldn Nhu eau nffde d day khdng nhffng phdi dffge dam bdo ve so' lffgng ma cdn phdi dffgc dam bao ve chat lffgng Trffdc day, da ed thdi ky sdng Hffang bi nhidm man vao mua kiet, nffdc man lan sau qud diem lay nffdc cua nha may nffde, nen chat lffgng nffde cap khong dffgc bdo dam, rat nhieu dich vu an uong bi anh hffdng, Iffgng khach du lich giam sut Ben canh chat lffgng nffde, van de bao ve cdnh quan thien nhien dge cac ddng sdng, dae biet la hai bd sdng Hffffng, la van de rat dffffc quan tam, khdng ehi d tam dia phffang, ma cdn d tdm qude te UNESCO da cd thff ggi y tinh Thffa Thien Hue lap hd sa, de nghi UNESCO edng nhan bd sdng Hffffng la Di sdn thien nhien the' gidi Cdc muc tieu suf dung nffdc 10, 20 nam tdi lffu vffe sdng Hffang deu quan trgng, ed tinh canh tranh eao Vi vay, rat cdn mdt ea ehe phoi hgp, dieu hanh, phan bd ngudn nffde hgp ly, dam bao ddng thdi mgi mue tieu suf dung eua ede nganh, dia phffang vd cgng ddng dan cff V Ket l u a n Nhff vay, tiep thu eac quan diem ve suf dung tai nguyen nffde ke't hgp bao ve moi trffdng lffu vffe sdng eua qude gia va qud'c te', ehung tdi da de xuat quan diem ve suf dung tai nguyen nffde va bao ve mdi trffdng lffu vffc song Hffffng Cae quan diem dffgc de xuat la phu hgp vdi cae nguyen tae Dublin ve nffdc vd phat trien ben vffng nam 1992, vdi cac ehinh saeh ve nffdc ciia chau A ADB de xuat, vdi ede ngi dung lien quan de'n tai nguyen nffde, moi trffdng va phat trien ben vffng "Dinh hffdng chie'n Iffgc qude gia ve phat trien ben vffng" (Agenda 21) dp Chinh phii cdng bd Chung toi cung da de xua't cae mue tieu ve sii dung tai nguyen nffde va moi trffdng lffu vffe sdng Hffang Cae mue tieu dffge de xua't dffa tren Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 85 ca sd muc tieu phat trien tdng the kinh te'-xa hdi eua tinh theo hffdng phat trien ben vffng vd cae mue tieu cua eac nganh, dia phffffng lien quan den tai nguyen nffde va moi trffdng lffu vffc sdng Hffffng Cac quan diem va mue tieu dffgc de xuat da khdng dinh tam quan trgng cua lffu vffc song Hffang ddi vdi dia phffang, qude gia vd quoc te va cac nguyen tde qudn ly tdng hgp lffu vffc sdng, sd dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien, ma trgng tam la tai nguyen nffdc, phat huy cac gia tri, khai thac cac tiem nang de phat trien ben vffng lffu vffc sdng Hffffng ' D N -BTM -N VC CHU THICK (1) Mpt ddn vi sff nghiep trffc thupc Uy ban Nhan dan tfnh Thiia Thien Hue, da giai the (2) Theo quy hoaeh phat trien thuy dien eua tinh Thffa Thien Hue, tren lanh thd toan tinh, ma chu ye'u la Iffu vUe song HUdng, se cd 11 cong trinh thuy dien Idn nho, mpt so cong trinh da va dang xay dffng va bdt dau tich nffde (3) Hien tai, lUu vffe song Hffdng e6 vUdn quo'c gia, khu bao ton thien nhien da dupe lap va khu bao tdn thien nhien khac (Khu bao ton Sao la va Khu bao tdn Thien nhien dam pha) dang dUdci chuan bj lap (4) Ddng chiy moi trUdng la ehe dp nUde dPde eung cap mpt dong song, vung da't ngap nffde hoac vung ven bd de tri cac he sinh thai va nhung Ipi ich eua chung d nhffng ndi ddng chay bi dieu tiet va co sff canh tranh sff dung nffdc [34], (5) Hau nhff toan bp (10/11) cae cong trinh thuy dien, thuy Ipi dffpc quy hoaeh tren lanh tho tinh Thffa Thien Hue deu n I m lUu vffc song HUdng (6) Chung toi hau nhff giff nguyen van T A I LIEU THAM KHAO Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thffa Thien Hue, Dia chi Thua Thien Hue, Phan Tu nhien, Nxb Khoa hoe xa hpi Ha Npi, 2005 Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thffa Thien Hue, Luan chdng khu bao ve tU nhien dat ngap nUdc dam phi Tam Giang-Cau Hai, tinh Thda Thien Hue Tai lieu de an Hue, 1998, khong xua't ban, lUu tai So KHCN TTH Chi cue Bao ve Moi trudng tinh Thffa Thien Hue, Luan chdng khu bio ton thien nhien da't ngap nudc O Lau Tai lieu de an, khong xua't ban Hue, 2007, lUu tai Chi cue Bao ve Moi trudng tinh Thffa Thien Hue Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thffa Thien Hue, Quy hoach thuy ldi tinh Thda Thien Hue den 2015 va tam nhin den 2020 Bao eao quy hoaeh Hue, 2007 N g u y i n Van Chau, Bio cio bd sung quy hoach thuy ldi lUu vUc song HUdng Bao eao quy hoach tdng hpp 1999 Tai lieu khong xua't ban, Iffu tai Vien Quy hoaeh Thuy Ipi, Ha Npi Cong ty Tff van Dien, Quy hoach bac thang thuy dien tren song Hddng, 2003, luu tai Ban Quan ly cac dff an song Hffdng (cu) Hue Bui Van NghTa va CCS, Nghien cdu xay dUng quy hoach ve khio sit, tham do, khai thac va sd dung tai nguyen cat, soi long song, Bao cao ke't qua de tai KHCN cap tinh, tinh Thffa Thien Hue, Hue, 2002 Tai lieu khong xua't ban, Iffu tai Sci Khoa hoe va Cong nghe TTH Vien Khoa hoe Thuy ldi Mien Nam, Quy hoach chinh tri dn dinh sdng HUdng doan td lUu hd Ta Trach den dap Thao Long Bao cao khoa hpc Hue, 2005 Tai lieu khdng xua't ban, luu tai Ban Quan ly eac du an song Hudng, tinh TTH 86 Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 Vien Quy hoach Thuy Ipi, Chie'n lUdc phat tnen nguon nUdc cac lUu vUc song tinh TTH Bao cao tdng hpp, Ha Npi, 2005 Tai lieu khong xuat ban, Iffu tai Vien Quy hoach Thuy ldi va NNPTNT tfnh Thffa Thien Hue 10 Vien Quy hoaeh Thuy ldi, Quy hoach sd dung tdng hgp va bao ve nguon nUdc lUu vUc sdng HUdng, Thda Thien Hue Bao cao tdng hdp, Ha Npi, 2004 Tai lieu khong xua't ban, Iffu tai Vien Quy hoach Thuy ldi, Ha Npi 11 D6 Nam va CCS, Bio cio hien trang moi trUdng tinh TTH nam 1994-1998 Bao cao de tai KHCN cap tfnh, tinh TTH, Hue, 1999 Tai lieu khong xuat ban, Iffu tai Sd KHCN TTH 12 Do Nam va CCS, Bao cao hien trang mdi trUdng tinh Thda Thien Hue nam 1996 Bao cao de tai KHCN cap tfnh, tinh TTH, Hue, 1997 Tai lieu khong xua't ban, Iffu tai Sd KHCN TTH 13 N g u y i n Viet Hung va C C S , Hien trang mdi trUdng tinh Thda Thien Hue nam 2002-2006, Bao cao cua Sd Tai nguyen va Moi trffdng tfnh Thffa Thien Hue, Hue, 2007 Tai lieu khong xua't ban, luu tai Chi cue Bao ve Moi trudng tfnh Thffa Thien Hue 14 Pham Khde Lieu, Water Quality Management: City, Vietnam AIT Master Thesis, 1997 A Case Study of the Huong River in Hue 15 N g u y i n Hoang Phffdc, Ddng gdp vao viec danh gia sU d nhiim an thae sTkhoa hoc hoa hpc, Ha Npi, 1997 nddc song HUdng Luan 16 Vo Van Tan, Le Thi Ly, "Nghien cffu xac dinh vet kim loai nang n h i l m nffdc song Hffdng" Thdng tin Khoa hoc va Cong nghe TTH (nay la Tap chi Nghien cdu va Phat then), s d (09) 1995 17 N g u y i n Van Cff, N g u y i n Tham, N g u y i n Hoang Sdn, "Danh gia tai nguyen va chat Iffdng nffdc Iffu vffc song HffPng lam cd sd cho viec sff dung hdp ly lanh thd" Tap ehi Nghien cdu va Phit trien, s d (74) 2009 18 DffPng Van Khanh, Md ta lien qui trinh ngap ID lien quan den cac dac trUng vat ly cua lUu VUc Bao eao chuyen de thupc dff an thi diem Quan ly tdng hdp vung ven bd tinh TTH (VNICZM), Hue, 0 Tai lieu khong xuat ban, Iffu tai Sd KHCN T T H 19 Le Van Nghj va CCS, iJng dung mo hinh MIKE tinh toan ddng chay lu tren he thong song HUdng phuc vu phat trien kinh te'-xa hdi tinh Thda Thien Hue Tai lieu nghien cffu dien hinh (Case Study), dff an DANIDA, 2004 20 N g u y i n Viet va CCS, Md ti dien bien ID lut mdi quan he vdi nhdng dac diem tU nhien vung Bao cao chuyen de thupc dff an thi diem Quan ly tdng hdp vung ven bd tfnh TTH (VNICZM), Hue, 0 Tai lieu khong xua't ban, Iffu tai Sd KHCN TTH Trffdng Dinh Hung va CCS, Xay dUng bin phan vung ngap lut va phUdng an canh bao, dg bao nguy cd ngap lut iUu song HUdng, song Bo, tinh Thda Thien Hue Bao cao de tai KHCN cap tfnh, luu tai Sd KHCN TTH va Dai Khf tffdng Thuy van Khu vffc Trung Trung Bp, Da N i n g 22 N g u y i n Van Diep va C C S , Xay dUng md hinh ngap lut lUu vUc song HUdng va mo phong ngap lut nam 1999 Bao cao ket qua de tai 2004 Tai lieu khong xuat ban, Iffu tai Vien Cd hpc, Ha Npi 23 Hoang Van Lai va C C S , "Ket ndi mo hinh thuy van-thuy Iffc de mo phong va dff bao lu lut cho Iffu vuc he thdng song Hffdng", Tap chi Nghien cdu va Phat trien, sd (72), 2009 24 Ngo Trpng Thuan, Van de quan ly tdng hdp lUu vUc sdng Ky yeu hoi thao lan thff 9, Vier^ Khi tffdng Thuy van, Ha Npi, 2005, trang 319-322 25 Bp Ke hoach va Dau tff, Quan ly tdng hdp IUu vUc sdng d Viet Nam nham phat trien ben vdng Bao cao dff an "Hd trd xay dffng va thffc hien chffdng trinh Nghi sff 21 Quo'c gia Viet Nam" (VIE/01/02) Trung tam Phat trien Tai nguyen va Moi trudng va Vien Moi trffdng va Phat trien thffc hien, Ha Npi, 1/2006 26 Uy ban Nhan dan tfnh Thffa Thien Hue, Ky yeu hoi thao "The development plan of Huong /-/i/efbas/n", td chffc tai Ha Npi 15-16/5/1997 Tap chi Nghien cffu va Phat trien, sd (78) 2010 87 27 International Conference on Water and Environment, Dublin Principles, Dublin, 1992 28 Asian Development Bank (ADB), V\/ater for All: The Water Policy of the Asian Development Bank Manila, 1996 29 NPde Cpng hoa Xa hpi Chu nghia Viet Nam, Ke hoach quoc gia ve moi trudng va phat then lau ben 1991-2000.'Khuon kho hinh dong Ha Npi, 8/1991 30 Nffdc Cpng hda Xa hpi Chu nghTa Viet Nam, Chie'n lUdc (2001-2010) va ke hoach hanh dong (2001-2005) quo'c gia ve bio ve moi trUdng, Nxb The gidi Ha Npi, 2000 31 Nffde Cpng hda Xa hpi Chu nghTa Viet Nam, Dinh hudng Chie'n lUdc phat then ben vdng d Viet Nam (ChUdng trinh Nghi sU 21), Ha Npi, 8/2004 32 Thu tffdng Chinh phu, Quyet djnh 86/2009/QD-TTg 17/6/2009 phe duyet Quy hoach tdng the phit trien kinh te'-xa hoi tinh Thda Thien Hue de'n nam 2020, Ha Npi, 6/2009 33 Chinh phu nffde Cpng hda Xa hpi Chu nghTa Viet Nam, Nghi dinh ve quin ly luu vUc song, Ha Npi, 2008 34 M Dyson, G Bergkamp va J Seanlon, Ddng chiy - Cam nang dong chiy moi trUdng, lUCN Viet Nam xua't ban, Ha Npi, 2007 35 Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thffa Thien Hue, Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te-xa hoi tinh Thda Thien Hue den nam 2020, kem theo Quye't dinh 86/2009/QD-TTg 17/6/2009 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu TOM TAT Hau he't cac eong trinh khoa hpc da cong bd ve tai nguyen nUde va moi trUdng lUu vffc song HffPng deu mac nhien thffa nhan rdng tai nguyen nUde lUu vffc chf e6 mpt mue tieu sii dung nha't la thuy ldi phuc vu nong nghiep Qua trinh phat trien kinh te-xa hpi ciia dja phUPng dang keo theo nhieu van de, ea ve moi trudng va xa hpi, dat eho luu vUc song Huong nhieu thach thffc, ma thach thffc Idn nha't la sff phat trien eiia IUu vffc chua ben vffng Mudn giai quye't dffdc nhffng van de ma Iffu vffc song Hudng dang phai dd'i mat can phai ling dung thUe hanh tie'p can quan ly tdng hpp lUu vffe song, ma ed sd quan trpng de trien khai thffc hien quan ly tdng hpp la cac quan diem, mue tieu sff dung tai nguyen nUde va moi trudng cua dja phffdng Bai dat muc tieu phan tich cac quan diem, muc tieu sff dung nude va bao ve moi trUdng lUu vffc song eiia qude te, quoe gia, cae dieu kien tff nhien va xa hpi, quy hoaeh phat trien 10 nam, 20 nam tdi eua dja phUdng de dua eac quan diem, muc tieu sff dung tai nguyen nffdc va moi trffdng lUu vffe song Hffdng ABSTRACT VIEWPOINTS AND OBJECTIVES REGARDING WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT OF HUONG RIVER BASIN Most of the published scientific works concerning the water natural resources and environment of the HUPng river basin implicitly admit that there is an only objective for the use of water resources here: Irrigation for agriculture The socio-eeonomieal development of the area brings forth various environmental and social problems that are really challenges to the conditions of the HffPng river basin The biggest problem is the fact that there has not been an instable development process for this place So as to find solutions to the issues the HffPng river basin are facing, one should be able to achieve a practical comprehensive control of the whole place and the fundamental basis for this comprehensive control should be the viewpoints and objectives concerning the locals' use of the source of water as well as the environment This article aims at an analysis on international and national viewpoints and objectives regarding the use of the waters and preservation of the environment of river basins as well as on the natural and social conditions of the area and the local authority's development planning for the next 10, 20 years The analysis will help suggest proper viewpoints and objectives for the use of natural resources and environment of the HffPng river basin ... song, ma ea sd quan trgng de trien khai thffc hien quan ly tdng hgp la eac quan diem, mue tieu sd dung tdi nguyen nffdc va mdi trffdng ciia dia phffffng Bai dat muc tieu phan tich cae quan diem,... vd cdnh quan thien nhien" Sff khac biet cua tinh Thffa Thien Hue ehinh la khong chi quan tam den viee "khdng ldm tdn ligi vd suy t/iodi mdi trUdng" ma cdn dac biet quan tam den "cdnh quan thien... hgc va nghi dinh ve quan ly lffu vffe sdng eua Chinh phu [33], ehung tdi dffa quan diem lien quan den suf dung tai nguyen nffdc lffu vffc sdng Hffffng, the hien ede nguyen tde quan ly tdng hgp lffu