TRIET HOC, SO 4 (227), THANG 4 2010 BAO VE MOI TRUONG • Ttr GOC DO DAO DlTC NGUYfeN VAN PHtJC''''*'''' Bdi viet xem xet, phdn tich vd''''n di bdo ve moi triidng tii goc do dgo ddc Theo tdc gid, du the cua bdo[.]
TRIET HOC, SO (227), THANG 4-2010 BAO VE MOI TRUONG • Ttr GOC DO DAO DlTC NGUYfeN VAN PHtJC'*' Bdi viet xem xet, phdn tich vd'n di bdo ve moi triidng tii goc dgo ddc Theo tdc gid, du the cua bdo ve mdi triidng tii phUdng dien dgo ddc Id sii tii gidc, dgc biet Id sii tii nguyen cua cdc chii the (cd nhdn, nhom xd hgi, cgng dong, quo'c gia) - diiu md cdc phUctng dien khdc (kinh te ky thugt, phdp lugt) khdng co dUgc TU do, tdc gid cho rdng cdn thie't phdi xdy diing dgo ddc mdi trUdng nhdm diiu chinh hdnh vi cua ngUcfi moi quan he vdi tii nhien; rdng, thiic hien dgo dUc mdi trUdng la bon phdn cua tdt cd moi ngUdi, ciia todn nhdn logi e tfl ntfa sau the' ky XX den nay, bao ve mdi trfldng trd mdt • " chung(5) Nhfl vay, theo nghia rdng, dgo ddc moi trUdng chinh Id dgo ddc cua cudc sdng ben vUng, la muc tieu va ddng lflc ciia cudc sd'ng ben vflng, cudc sd'ng gan ket toan nhan loai va gidi tfl nhien tbanb mgt chinh the, dd ngfldi la trung tam Cd the coi nhflng yeu td' dao dflc the gidi ve cudc sd'ng ben vflng dfldc de xua't bdi lUCN, UNEP, WWF cung nhU nhflng nguyen tac, nhflng dinh hfldng hanh ddng cua Tuyen bd' Xdun la ndi dung chii yeu, nhflng yeu c i u ehii yeu cua dao dflc mdi trfldng dieu kien hien Mdi dan tgc, mdi qud'c gia cd the can cfl vao nhflng yeu c i u chung dd va dfla vao nhflng dieu kien cu the ve kinh te', xa hdi, van boa va tu nhien cua minh de xay dflng mdt he thd'ng cac chudn mflc dao dflc mdi trfldng phfl hdp n h i m dieu chinh toan bd cac boat ddng sd'ng theo tinh than eua xa hdi ben vflng, cudc sd'ng ben vflng O nfldc ta, mac du nen kinh te thi trUdng va qua trinh cdng nghiep boa, hien dai hoa dUde thflc hien chfla lau, (5) Xem: http:/www.nyo.unep org/wed_eth.htm BAO VE MOI T R U O N G TlTGOC DO DAO DUC nhflng khdng it van de mdi trfldng da xuat hien va dang tac ddng tieu cflc den phat trien Hien nay, nhflng van de mdi trfldng d nfldc ta hau nhfl chfla dfldc giai quye't, hoae giai quye't chfla dfldc thoa dang Tai nguyen thien nhien lien tuc bi tan pha Nhieu phan mdi sinh cung vdi ngudn nfldc mat va ngudn nfldc ngim bi suy thodi, d nhiem, can kiet Nfldc thai, thai, chat thai r i n khdng dfldc quan ly hdp ly, dae biet la cac dd thi va cac khu cdng nghiep Ve sinh mdi trfldng ndng thdn qua tha'p kem An toan lao ddng hi vi pham, dae biet nang ne d kbu vflc kinh te' tfl nhan An toan thflc pham khdng dam bao va mgt nguy hiem hdn Bien cung dang b i t d i u bi d nhiem va cd chieu hudng tang len Cac sU cd' ve mdi trUdng mgt nhieu them Tinh trang dang bao ddng ve mdi trfldng d nfldc ta hien cd ca nguyen nhan khach quan lan nguyen nhan chu quan, nghia la cd nguyen nhan thudc ve trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, cd nguyen nhdn thudc ve quan ly, nhan thflc Tfl mdt qud'c gia ngheo va kem phat trien, chung ta chuyen sang kinh te thi trfldng, day manh qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Nhflng yeu c i u cua qua trinh gia dinh boat ddng ciia nhieu p h i n kinh te, nhieu chu the kinh doanh vdi quy md vd'n, cd sd tang, cdng nghe va nang lflc boat ddng khac Ben canh rat it nhflng doanh nghiep cd du dieu kien de bao ve mdi trfldng s i n xuat, kinh doanh thi da phan cac doanh nghiep khdng du dieu kien va nang lflc dap flng diy du cac yeu ciu cua s i n x u i t va kinh doanh theo tieu chi hien dai ve bao ve mdi trfldng Cung vdi dieu dd la yeu c i u day manh va md rdng s i n xua't, nang cao chi so' tang trudng kinh te (GDP) va nhflng yeu kem quan ly da khien cho tinh trang mdi trfldng d nfldc ta mgt t r i m trgng Trong so' nhflng nguyen nhan chu quan thi tinh trang vd trdch nhiim la dieu dang quan ngai nha't Cac phfldng tien truyen thdng ludn canh bao ve tinh trang d nhiem mdi trfldng, nhflng hang loat doanh nghiep, ma cdng ty Vedan chi la mdt dien hinb, van bi mat hoac ngang nhien xa chat thai khdng qua xfl ly lam gia tang mflc d nhiem mdi trfldng, gia tang sd' Ifldng nhflng ddng sdng chet Ddi vdi nhflng doanh ngbiep dd, lgi ich cue bg da giet chet trach nhiem dao dflc -viec bao ve mdi trfldng Dieu dd cang cho tha'y, ben canh nhflng giai phap kinh te, cdng nghe, phap ly, v i n de xay dflng dao dflc mdi trfldng, dae biet la trdch nhiem dgo ddc mdi trUdng la mdt tat yeu, mgt van de cap bach hien Tat nhien, van de bao ve mdi trfldng chi cd the thflc hien dfldc trgn ven khudn khd chung cua sfl phat trien ben vflng Bao cao chinh tri tai Dai hdi Dang lin thfl VIII da nhan manb: "Tang trfldng kinh te g i n lien vdi tien bd va cdng bing xa bdi, gifl gin va phat huy ban sic van hoa dan tdc, bio ve mdi trfldng sinh thai"(6) Trong khudn khd chung dd, tren binh dien dao dflc, chflng ta cin day manb viec (6) Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vdn Men Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thU VIII Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1998, tr.72 27 NGUYEN VAN PHUC xay dflng dao dflc mdi trfldng, bien cac chuan mflc dao dflc mdi trfldng sflc manh ndi tam ciia mdi ngfldi de nhflng chuan mflc dd thdi thue chung ta tren tat ca cac cip do, eac linh -vflc boat ddng n h i m xay diing mdt xa hdi ben vflng, cudc sd'ng ben vflng Trong viec xay dflng dao dflc mdi trfldng, chung ta c i n diia tren cd sd ly luan la triet bgc Mae - Lenin Triet hgc Mac - Lenin k h i n g dinh tinh thdng n h i t vat chit cua the gidi, k h i n g dinb ngfldi la s i n pham cua sU phat trien ciia tu nhien, khang dinh mdi quan he bien chflng gifla ngfldi (xa hdi) va tfl nhien Cflng vdi nhflng quan diem cd tinh phfldng phap luan cua chii nghia Mac, tU tfldng Hd Chi Minh, cae quan diem cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ve quan he gifla ngfldi vd tfl nhien, ve phat trien ben -vflng eung la nhflng can cfl ly luan de xay diing dao dflc mdi trfldng Tren cd sd dd, ke thfla truyen thd'ng boa hdp vdi tfl nhien triet ly phfldng Ddng va Viet Nam, tie'p thu cd chgn lgc, ddng thdi cu the hoa nhflng tfl tfldng hien dai eua nhan loai ve dao dflc mdi trfldng, chflng ta c i n day manh qua trinb xay diing dao dflc mdi trfldng nham bao ve mdi trfldng, bao ve trai da't, nghia Id bao ve chinh cudc sd'ng cua chung ta De xay diing dao dflc mdi trfldng, viec xac dinh, truyen ba, giao due nhflng yeu ciu, nhflng chuan mUc dao dflc mdi trfldng la he't sflc can thie't Bdi nhflng chuan miic dao dflc mdi trfldng khdng chi dinh hfldng ngfldi ve mat gia tri ndi chung, md cdn la sU the hien mdt each cu the nhflng yeu cau ciia -viec bao ve mdi trfldng qua trinh phat trien xa hdi 28 vd cudc sd'ng ngfldi dieu kien hien d nfldc ta Cung nhu chuan mflc dao dflc ndi chung, chuan mflc dao dfle mdi trfldng cd nhflng hinh thflc va nhflng cip bieu hien da dang; tfl cap can ban den nhflng cap eu the hdn Trong dieu kien hien nay, theo chung tdi, nhflng chuan miic sau day cd the coi Id nhflng chuan mflc can ban nha't: 1, Tdn trgng vd bdo ve tinh da dgng cua tU nhiin 2, Sd dung tdi nguyen tiet kiim vd cd hieu qud 3, Tu gidc vd tu nguyen tudn thu cdc yeu cdu ve bdo vi mdi trUdng cdc hogt dgng sdn xudt, khai thdc, y te, du lich dUdc the hiin Ludt mdi trUdng cua nUdc Cdng hod xd hdi chu nghla Viit Nam 4, De cao tinh thdn trdch nhiim vd phdi hdp hdnh ddng gidi quye't cdc sU cd' moi trUdng 5, Gid gin mdi trUdng sd'ng xanh, sgch, dep ddi sd'ng cd nhdn, cdng dong 6, Khdng dd'i xii tdn hgo dd'i vdi thu vdt 7, Ddy mgnh viic thUc hdnh ldi sdng vdn hod the hiin quan hi dung mdc, hdi hod gida miic sd'ng vd y nghla cugc sd'ng Nhflng chuan mflc tren day can dfldc cu the hoa hdn nfla ddi vdi cac chu the dao dflc (ca nhan, gia dinh, lang xdm; cac cd sd y te', giao due, cdng sd ) vd cac linh vUc boat ddng: ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, du lich Lam cho chien Ifldc cung nhfl mdi dfl an phat trien deu the hien dUde cac chuan mflc ciia dao dflc mdi trfldng, lam eho mdi ngfldi dan thau hieu va quan triet dfldc nhflng chuan mflc dao dflc mdi trfldng mgi boat ddng sd'ng - dd la yeu c i u ciia phat trien, ddng thdi la muc tieu cua dgo ddc vd dgo ddc hgc moi trudng d nUdc ta hien nay.Q