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Nghien cuu Trao ddi T(|ip chi Cdng sdn BAO VE MOI TRUDGING TRONG CHIEN LUOC PHAT TRIEN NHANH GAN LIEN Vdl PHAT TRIEN BEN VUMG C H U T H A I T H A N H * Phdt trien nhanh, bin vimg Id yeu cdu cdp thiit[.]
Nghien cuu - Trao ddi T(|ip chi Cdng s d n BAO VE MOI TRUDGING TRONG CHIEN LUOC PHAT TRIEN NHANH GAN LIEN Vdl PHAT TRIEN BEN VUMG CHU THAI THANH* Phdt trien nhanh, bin vimg Id yeu cdu cdp thiit chiin lugc phdt trien kinh ti - xd hdi cua ddt nu&c Bdo vi mdi trudng thdi gian tdi cdy nghia sdng cdn Id nhiem vu hit site khd khdn, phiic tqp, ddi hdi phdi ddi m&i tuduy, cdch ldm vd cdn nhiing gidi phdp mang tinh dot phd diphdt trien ben vimg Nghi quyit Dqi hdi XI cua Ddng cung nhdn mqnh: Chu trgng phdt triin nhanh gan lien vdi phdt triin bin vdng, phdt triin ben vOng Id yeu cdu xuyin sudt Chiin lugc NhCmg quyit sach ciia Dang Trong bdi hgc kinh nghiem vi phdt trien nhanh vd bin vicng Dang ta chi rd: phai that sg coi trgng chat Iugng, hieu qua tang tnrdng va phat trien bin vung Phat triln nhanh phai di ddi vdi nang cao tinh ben vimg, hai niat tac dgng lln nhau, dugc thi hien d ca tam vT md va vi mo, d ca tam ngan ban va dai ban Tang eirdng huy dgng cac ngudn lge ttong ya ngoai nude, su dung tiet kiem va hieu qua cac ngudn Ittc de day u L -' *" , - -' 1- < X ^ ,, nhanh toc dg phat tiien kinh te Trong , ^ X ,x ,.,, •> , ,.x khai thae cac yeu to phat tnen theo chieu rgng, phai dac biet coi cac yiu td phat triln theo chilu sau, phat triln kinh tl tri thirc Phai gin tang tnrdng kinh tl vdi phat triln van hda, phat trien toan dien ngirdi, thgc hien dan chii, tien bd va cdng b i n g x a h d i , t a o n h i l u v i e c l a m , cai t h i e n ddi sdng, khuyin khich lam giau hgp phap ^i '^^i vdi xda ddi, giam ngheo Tiing budc thu hep khoang each phat trien giira cac vung Phai rat coi trgng bao ve va cai thien mdi tnrdng tung budc phat trien D I thuc hien chiin luac phdt triin ^hanh gdn liin vai phdt triin bin vicng, ^ang ta dl cac quyit sach gin nhiem vu ^ao ve mdi tmdng vdi phat triln kinh te'^~ UA; r> u- ' i - xa hgi Dot mat ca che quan ly tainguyen • ,•> , „ , ^ ,-t , va bao ve moi tnrong Thuc hien nghiem Io ^ , • ,^ ' ' ~ ' " ^ ^ ^ ^ ''[ '" ^^ ^^^ ° ^ ^ " ^ "^°^ ^"^^^ ^ ° ' " *^^" ^^ *^"g P^^P.^^^^ ^^ ^^° ''^ T' ^"^^^'^ ^^^ ^^^S ^^^e tai du ^^^ ^^ " § ^ " ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ hanh vi vi * TS, Tong Bie„ tap Tap chi TM nguyen va Moi truang S6 2 ! t h a i i g n a m 1 ) Nghien cuu - Trao ddi pham Khic phgc suy thoai, khdi phgc va nang cao chit lugng mdi tnrdng Thgc hien tdt chttong trinh trdng rung, ngan chan cd hieu qua nan pha rung, chay rimg; tang dien tich cac khu bao tdn thien nhien Khai thae cd hieu qua tai nguyen thien nhien, bao dam mdi tnrdng va can bang sinh thai, Chii trgng phat triln kinh te xanh, than thien vdi mdi tnidng Day manh cdng tac nghien cuu, dg bao, danh gia tac ddng de triln khai thgc hien cd hieu qua cac giai phap phdng, chdng thien tai va Chuong trinh qudc gia img phd vdi bien ddi hau, nhit la nudc bien dang Tang cudng hgp tac qudc te de phdi hgp hanh ddng va tranh thu sg giiip dd cua cdng ddng qudc te cho cdng tac bao ve tai nguyen va mdi tnrdng, img phd vdi bien ddi hau Nha nudc tang diu tir, ddng thdi cd cac ca chi, chinh sach m dai de diy manh xa hdi hda, huy ddng cac ngudn lge bao ve mdi tnrdng Nhieu cbi thi, nghi quyit cua Dang da nhin manh: Bao ve mdi tnrdng la sg nghiep cua toan Dang, toan dan va toan quan Bao ve mdi tiirdng la mdt ndi dung ca ban khdng the tach rdi dudng ldi, chii tiirong va kl hoach phat triln kinh tl - xa hgi cua tit ca cac cip, cac nganh, la ca sd quan ttgng bao dam phat triln bin vung, thgc hien thing lgi sg nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nudc Coi phdng ngura va ngan chan d nhiim la nguyen tic chu dao kit hgp vdi xu ly d nhiim, cai thien mdi tradng va bao tdn thien nhien Kit hgp phat buy ndi lge vdi tang cudng hgp tac qudc tl ttong bao ve mdi tmdng va phat trien ben vmig ' Chiing ta can tranh viec lap lai nhimg ldi lim ve mdi tmdng va khai thae tai nguyen 52 S6 822 (thang nam 2011) Tap chi Cdng sdn ciia cac qudc gia khac da mic phai qua khu nhu la nhimg "ldi nguyin ciia tai nguyen" Vi vay, phat trien kinh tl khdng chi di ddi vdi bao ve mdi tnrdng ma cdn phai gan lien, cd tinh lien ket hiin ca vdi bao ve mdi tiwng Khdng the cd sg phat trien kinh te ben viing ma thieu viec cham lo bao ve mdi tnrdng, khai tbac hgp ly tai nguyen Quan diem ciia Dang phai dugc quan triet sau sac va phai dugc the hien mgi quy hoach, ke hoach, dti d quy md hay loai hinh nao Bao ve mdi tnrdng can dugc gan vdi trach nhiem cua mgi td chiic, ca nhan va mgi ngudi dan theo nguyen tac "minh vi mgi ngudi, mgi ngudi vi minh" Van hda mdi tnrdng can dugc sdm hinh ben canh van hda cdng sd, van hda thdn xdm, van hda doanh nghiep Bao ve mdi tnrdng phai chii trgng giai q^ygt tdt hang loat mau thuin giira Igi ich tnrdc mit va lau dai, cue bd va tdng thi Cdng tac ddi hdi phai tap trung, kien tri, giai quyit mdt each hai hda mdi quan he giira tang tnrdng kinh tl, bao dam cdng bing xa hgi va bao ve mdi tnidng, tien hanh ddng bg cac bien phap mgt each thudng xuyen, lien tiic vdi quyit tam cao nhit Ngay nay, giu gin mdi tnrdng la mdt tieu chi quan trgng san pham kinh tl, nhit la san pham xuit khiu; mdt yiu td ciia hgi nhap kinh tl qudc tl Bao ve mdi tmdng nham bao dam quyin ngudi dugc sdng mdi tmdng lanh, an toan An ninh sinh thai la mdt bd phan cua an ninh qudc gia Bao ve mdi tnidng, bao dam an ninh sinh thai va chu ddng irng phd vdi biin ddi bau la gdp phin giir vimg va tang cudng an ninh qudc gia Vi vay, bao ve mdi tnrdng va irng phd vdi bien ddi Nghien ciru - Trao ddi bau la nhiem vu thudng xuyen, lau dai, khd khan mang tinh toan cau; la yeu td bao dam dn dinh chinh tri va an ninh qudc gia, nang cao kha nang canh tranh ciia cac san pham va dich vu, day manh qua trinh hdi nhap kinh te qudc te Thanh tuu va nhung kho khan, thach thuc dang dat Ttt nhieu nam qua, thau sudt quan diem ciia Dang, cac nganh, cac cap, cac dia phttong da nd Igc phan dau dat dugc nhieu tgu quan trgng cdng tac bao ve mdi tradng He thdng chinh sach, thi che tung bttdc dugc xay dung va hoan thien, phgc vu cang cd hieu qua cho cdng tac bao ve mdi tradng ciing nhu cho cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Muc gia tang d nhiem, suy thoai va sg cd mdi tradng da tiing budc dugc ban che; cdng tac bao tdn thien nhien va bao ve da dang sinh hgc da dat dugc nhiing tien bd rd ret Dieu kien ve sinh mdi tmdng d ndng thdn va thi dang tiing budc dugc cai thien Dai bg phan can bg, dang vien va ngudi dan nhan thiic dugc bien ddi hau se tac ddng nghiem trgng den san xuat, ddi sdng va mdi tmdng tren pham vi toan the gidi, ttong dd cd Viet Nam Do dd, cac cap uy dang, chinh quyen va ngudi dan thdi gian qua da chu ddng, tich cgc ung phd quyet Iiet vdi bien ddi hau, bao ve tai nguyen, mdi tradng Nhiing tgu gdp phan quan trgng vao viec phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, phue vu cac mgc tieu, chien lugc phat trien ben vung ciia Dang Ben canh nhiing tgu rat dang khich le, chiing ta van phai thua nhan mdt thgc te la, chat lugng mdi tnrdng dang xau Tap chi Cdng s d n di rat nhanh O nhiem Ian rdng, mirc tram trgng hon Tai nguyen thien nhien bi khai tbac tran lan, qua miic, thieu sg kiem soat Ngudn nudc mat, nude ngam nhieu nod bi suy thoai, can kiet, da xuat hien cac "ddng sdng chet" Hau bet cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuat chua cd he thdng xii ly chat thai tap trang, cdn nhieu ca sd gay d nhiem mdi tmdng chua dugc xu ly triet de Da dang sinh hgc suy giam manh, gay mat can bang sinh thai a nhieu nod Bien ddi hau keo theo trieu cudng, thien tai, tham hga dien bien phue tap, khd ludng Cbl tinh rieng nam 2009, da cd 11 bao, trieu cudng anh hudng den nudc ta, lam chet 435 ngudi; lam dd trdi 13.354 ngdi nha; lam ngap iing, hu hai 237.799 lua; lam vd 9.424 ao, hd nudi tdm ca; lam sat, trdi, bdi lip 3.033.202m^ dat cdng trinh thiiy lod va 10.321.193m^ dat cdng trinh giao thdng, udc tdng thiet hai la 23.300 tl ddng Thuc te van dang tiep tuc dien hang nam, de dga nghiem trgng sg phat trien ben viing ciia dat nudc Cdng tac bao ve mdi tmdng hien dang diing tmdc nhieu thach thuc dang quan tam, nhu: thach thiic giiia yeu cau bao ve mdi tradng vdd lod ich kinh te trade mat ttong dau tu phat trien; thach thiic giua td chiic va nang luc quan Iy mdi tradng cdn nhieu bat cap trade nhiing ddi hdi phai nhanh chdng dua cdng tac quan ly mdi trudng vao nen nep; thach thiic giiia ket cau tang, ky thuat bao ve mdi tmdng lac hau vdd khdi Iugng chat thai dang cang tang len; thach thirc giua nhu cau cang cao ve ngudn vdn cho bao ve mdi tmdng vdd kha nang cd ban cua ngan sach nha nude va sg dau tu ciia doanh nghiep va Sfi 822 (thang nam 2011) 53 Nghien cuu - Trao ddi nguod dan cho cdng tac bao ve mdi tmdng cdn d miic rit thip; dac biet ndi len la thach thiic giiia yeu cau bao ve mdi tmdng, iing phd vdi biin ddi hau va phat trien ben vung cua dat nudc Cung vdi mgc tieu uu tien ciia dit nudc la dat dugc su tang tradng kinh tl nhanh, bin vung Dang ta ciing nhan thiic dugc ring, kilm soat va giam hau qua cua thien tai la mdt vin dl then chdt va da de chii traong, kl hoach hanh ddng quyet liet de phdng, chdng va giam nhe thien tai Tuy nhien, kl hoach boat dgng dd mdi chi tap tmng vao nhiing dieu kien khac nghiet ciia hau d hien tai hon la iing phd vdi bien ddi kbi hau tuong lai, ke ca nhiing thien tai va sg bat dn cd the lam tdn hai den sg phat triln ben viing cua dat nudc Chiing ta da dat dugc mdt sd ket qua nhat dinh va da nhan dugc sg hudng iing, hd trg cua nhieu td chiie qudc te va nhieu nudc tren the gidi Nhung day mdd chi la budc dau ciia cdng cugc img phd vdi bien ddi hau, cdng viec ddi hdi phai cd su tham gia tich cue, ben bi, lau dai ciia toan he thdng chinh tri; ddng thdi phai tranh thii sg hd trg ciia cac td chiic qudc te, cac nha tai trg Hien nay, ca nudc ta cd ban 1.500 lang nghl va hon 200 khu cdng nghiep Cac khu cdng nghiep va lang nghl da va dang cd nhiing ddng gdp rat quan trong phat triln kinh tl va xa hgi cua dit nudc Song, nhirng khu vge ciing la ngudn gay d nhiem mdi tradng chu yeu va mudn ban che ngudn d nhiem nay, chiing ta can rat nhilu giai phap, tir chinh sach, phap luat din cdng nghe, kinh phi va y thiic ttach nhiem ciia cac doanh nghiep va mgi ngudi 54 S6 822 (thang nam 2011) Tgp chi Cdng s d n dan Mat khae, dd thi hda dang diln rat nhanh; tang dan sd va tinh hinh di dan tii dien kha phiic tap; nhu ciu sii dung nguyen lieu va tieu hao nang Iugng cang tang Nhiing dac dilm tac ddng manh den mdi tradng va viec khai thae tai nguyen thien nhien ciia nudc ta Nhung van de biic xiic ve mdi tradng tren day la nhieu nguyen nhan, dd cd nguyen nhan khach quan, nhung nguyen nhan chii quan van la chinh The che, chinh sach ve bao ve mdi tradng va phat trien ben viing van chua theo kip vdi yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hgi ciia dat nudc Kinh te phat trien theo chieu rgng, dua nhieu vao khai thae tai nguyen Nhieu nganh, ITnh vuc san xuat cdn sir dung cdng nghe lac hau, gay d nhiem mdi tmdng nghiem trgng Tu coi trgng tang tmang kinh te, xem nhe trach nhiem bao ve mdi tradng van cdn phd bien Dau tu cua Nha nudc, doanh nghiep va ngudi dan cho bao ve mdi tradng chua dap iing dugc yeu cau The che va he thdng to chuc quan ly nha nudc cdn nhieu bat cap, thieu nhan luc, nhat la d cac dia phuong Khau td chiic thuc hien cdn nhieu y|u kem Thilu cuong quyet xii ly cac vu viec vi pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi tradng Chiing ta vin chua Idiai thae, su dung tilt kiem va hieu qua ngudn luc tai nguyen cho phat triln bin virng , , '?' ^^^^i phap co* ban, cap thiet Dang ta de muc tieu, chien lugc phat trien nhanh gan lien vdd phat trien ben vung; phan dau den nam 2020 nudc ta ca ban trd nudc cdng nghiep theo hudn^ hien dai Tdc tang tmdng tdng san phim nudc (GDP) dat binh quan - Nghien cuu - Trao ddi 8%/nam GDP binh quan diu ngudd dat khoang 3.000 USD Cd mdt sd linb vuc khoa bgc, cdng ngbe, giao due, y te dat tnnh tien tien, hien dai; cai thien chat lugng mdi tradng; chii dgng iing phd cd hieu qua vdi thien tai, bien ddi hau, dac biet la nudc bien dang Tdc tang tradng cao la can thiet, nhung se keo theo mdt lugng ldn tai nguyen thien nhien dugc khai thae va chat thai tu san xuat, tieu dung cang tang Dieu cho thay, phat trien kinh te khdng the bang mgi gia, ma phai gan lien vdi bao ve tai nguyen, mdi tradng va chii ddng iing phd vdi bien ddi hau De tiep tuc thgc hien thang Igi nhiing muc tieu bao ve mdi tradng tren quan diem phat trien nhanh va ben virng ciia Dang, thdd gian tdd, chiing ta can tap trang giai quyet mgt sd nhiem vu ca ban, cap thiet sau: Thiinhdt, xay dung van hda iing xii than thien vdi mdi tmdng, diy manh tuyen trayen, giao due phap luat, nang cao nhan thiic, xay dung cac chuan mgc, hinh y thiic, hanh vi iing xii than thien vdd thien nhien, mdi traong Lay chi sd dau tu hieu qua cho mdi tradng, ket qua bao ve mdi tradng cu tbi di danh gia Tieu chi mdi tradng phai trd tieu chi ca ban cac boat ddng binh ebon, xet thi dua, khen thudng Thu hai, chii ttgng cdng tac tra, kiem tra viec chap hanh phap luat ve bao ve mdi tradng, dac biet, xii ly nghiem cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat, ttong dd, dat ttgng tam ddi vdd cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuat va cac ea sd gay d nbiem mdi tradng tten pham vi ca nudc Can cd sg phdi hop ddng bd giiia cac cap, cac nganh qua Tap chi C d n g s d n trinh tra, kiem tra; va phai coi nhan dan la "tai mat" tra Kit qua tra, kiem tra dugc cdng bd cdng khai, rgng rai tren cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chung Thli ha, ket hgp hai hda giiia tang tradng kinh te, bao dam an sinh xa bdi vdd bao ve mdi tradng, iing phd vdd bien ddi hau Chua bao gid chiing ta cd ca bdi ldn nbu tai thdi diem dl lua chgn md hinh tang trudng ben viing ban Chiing ta phai chuyen dich nhanh, manh cac nganh, cac khu vuc kinh te lac hau, tinh canh tranh yeu, gay d nhiem mdi tradng sang cac nganh, cac khu vge kinh te hien dai, tinh canh tranh cao va it gay d nhiem mdi traong ban; tap trang dau tu chuyen dich ca cau kinh te hop ly d cac vung cham phat trien; xay dung va trien khai cac du an theo ca che phat trien sach Thu tu, coi trgng yeu td mdi traong tai ca cau kinh te, tiep can cac xu the tang tradng ben viing va hai hda phat trien nganh, viing phu hgp vdd kha nang chiu tai mdi tradng, sinh thai canh quan, tai nguyen thien nhien va trinh phat trien Da den liic "ndi khdng" vdi tang tradng kinh te bang mgi gia Tang traong kinh te phai ddng thdd vdd bao ve mdi tmdng, iing phd vdi bien ddi hau Bao ve mdi tradng, ling phd vdd bien ddi bau ciing phai thay ddi theo hudng cd Igi cho tang tradng kinh te, thiic diy tang tradng kinh te, tao cdng an viec lam, hd trg de dat nudc phat trien nhanh ban, ben viing hon Thu ndm, tiep tuc kien toan he thdng ca quan quan ly nba nudc ve mdi tradng theo hudng bien dai, du nang luc tbuc hien nhiem vu cang phiic tap, nang ne, dap S6 822 (thang nam 2011) 55 T a p chi C d n g s d n Nghien cuu - Trao ddi iing yeu ciu Ben canh dd, tao ca che phdi hgp, hgp tac va huy ddng mgi phan kinh tl, toan xa hdi va tranh thu sg hd trg ciia qudc te cho cdng tac bao ve mdi tradng, iing pbd vdi bien ddi hau Day manh xa hdi bda, tao dieu kien de cac phin kinh tl, cac td chiic xa hdi, mgi ngudd dan tham gia bao ve mdi tradng, lam kinh te til mdi tradng Thli sdu, diy manh kinh tl hda, chuyen ddi quyit liet ca che nang ve "bao cap", "xin - cho", nang ve kiem soat hanh chinh quan ly tai nguyen va bao ve mdi tradng sang ca che tbi tradng nham nang cao bieu Igc, hieu qua quan ly nha nudc, nang tam ddng gdp cua nganh tai nguyen va mdi tradng nen kinh te qudc dan Nhd nhirng danh gia, dg bao mdi nhat, chiing ta biet dugc Viet Nam la nudc giau ve tai nguyen thien nhien vdd trii lugng cac loai khoang san ti-tan- zircon, bd-xit, sat, da vdi, dat hilm hang dau thi gidi Tuy vay, tai nguyen khoang san chi mang lai Igi ich to ldn cbo dit nudc chiing ta cd ke hoach khai thae, sii dung hgp ly, ben viing Thli hdy, can bd sung, hoan thien cae quy dinh va ca che quan ly ve bao ve mdi tradng khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuat, khu kinh te, cum cdng nghiep, lang nghe, cac luu vuc sdng, mdi tradng ndng thdn, mien nui, bien va hai dao Tiep tuc hoan thien he thdng phap luat hien hanh, tien tdd xay dung bd luat mdi tradng, chuan bi ca sd phap ly cho irng phd vdd bien ddi hau theo hudng thdng nhat, cdng bang, hien dai va hdi nhap He thdng phap luat ve mdi tradng phai tuong thich, ddng bd tdng the he thdng phap luat chung cua nha nudc phap quyen xa hdi chii nghia Q Environmental protection in the strategy of rapid development linked to sustainable development CHU THAI THANH PhD, Joumal of natural resources and environment In the strategy of rapid and sustainable development, attention of countries is not to the exploitation of natural resources at any rates for the most productivity and efficiency In conttast, productivity and output must be kept in balance with maintaining and presrving natural resources for futare generations The Resolution of the Uth National Party Congress also emphasizes the protection of national resources and their rational and effective use Particularly, rapid development must be linked to sustainable development Sustainable development is also a prominent requirement pervading all the strategy 56 So 822 (thang nam 2011) ... ta van phai thua nhan mdt thgc te la, chat lugng mdi tnrdng dang xau Tap chi Cdng s d n di rat nhanh O nhiem Ian rdng, mirc tram trgng hon Tai nguyen thien nhien bi khai tbac tran lan, qua miic,... thiic giua td chiic va nang luc quan Iy mdi tradng cdn nhieu bat cap trade nhiing ddi hdi phai nhanh chdng dua cdng tac quan ly mdi trudng vao nen nep; thach thiic giiia ket cau tang, ky thuat... ben vung cua dat nudc Cung vdi mgc tieu uu tien ciia dit nudc la dat dugc su tang tradng kinh tl nhanh, bin vung Dang ta ciing nhan thiic dugc ring, kilm soat va giam hau qua cua thien tai la mdt