H6I nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21'''' BAO VE MOI TRl/CJNG T R O N G CONG NGHIEP DAU KHI , KET QUA DA OAT DLfOC VA PHL/ONG HU''''CJNG P H A T TRIEN T R O N G TU''''ONG LAI TS Pham[.]
H6I nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' BAO V E MOI TRl/CJNG T R O N G C O N G N G H I E P D A U K H I , KET Q U A D A O A T DLfOC V A PHL/ONG HU'CJNG P H A T T R I E N T R O N G TU'ONG LAI TS Pham Toan Thang Tong cong ty Dau Viet nam TOMTAT Bao cao gom phin md ta cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng cdng nghiep diu ciia nude ta nhu sau: Dac diem ciia cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng cdng nghiep diu thdi gian qua Cac ket qua da dat dugc cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng cdng nghiep diu • He thdng to chffc quan ly bao ve mdi trudng • Cdng tac bien soan cac van ban cu the hda Luat Bao ve mdi trudng va Luat Dau • Then khai cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng thue tiin san xuat kinh doanh • Nhung ton tai can khac phye >; Nhffng thaeh thUe mdi trudng gan lien vdi cdng eude phat then Nganh Diu thdi gian tdi Phuang hudng bao ve mdi trudng nham thuc thi chien luge phat then ben vffng ciia Nganh Diu MdoAu , _ , ;., Trong thai gian 25 nam qua, chung ta da churng kien su phat trien manh me eua Cdng nghiep dau khf Ve phuang dien bao ve mdi trudng, gid day ehung ta can tdng ket lai eac ed gang da dugc thue hien nham han che tdi da cai gia phai tra eho su phat trien dd, ddng thdi eung can nhan thurc day dij cac thach thure thdi gian tdi va de xuat dugc phuang hudng phat trien tuang lai de dam bao su phat trien ben vCfng eho Cdng nghiep Dau khf OAC DIEM C O A CONG T A C BAO VE MOI T R U O N G TRONG C O N G NGHIEP D A U KHI TRONG THOI GIAN QUA • ,., , ,.„ Cdng nghiep dau khf Viet Nam cdn tuang dd'i non tre so vdi nhieu nganh cdng nghiep khac Tuy nhien, da cd the nhan djnh mdt sd dac diem cua edng tac bao ve mdi trudng cdng nghiep dau khf thdi gian vua qua nhu sau: • Hoat ddng tham dd khai thae dau khf dugc thuc hien chu yeu bdi cac nha thau nude ngoai, cd kinh nghiem boat ddng qudc te lai rat am hieu tap tue qudc te ve quan ly mdi trudng ea ve phuang dien khoa hpe cung nhu luat phap • Do tfnh hien dai eua cdng nghe dau khf, nhieu tieu ehuan, quy djnh cua Nha nude lien quan de'n bao ve mdi trudng ed the chua theo kjp hoac ehua sat vdi hoat ddng quan ly cdng nghiep dau khf • Tdng cdng ty Dau khf Viet Nam duge Nha nude giao nhiem vu ky eae hgp ddng dau khf vdi eac Cdng ty nude ngoai nhung lai khdng phai la ea quan quan ly Nha nude Dieu dd lam xuat hien nhUng dac thu nha't djnh cho viec ban hanh eae van ban phap quy eu the hda eae luat cho edng nghiep dau eung nhu thue hien mdt sd thij tue phe duyet, tra, giam sat, v.v 58 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trffdc them theky 21' • Hien cac boat ddng dau khf chu yeu didn d ngoai khai xa, thudng each bd han 100km nen viec kiem tra, giam sat tinh hinh d nhiem rat khd khan, ddi hdi phai ed nhung giai phap quan ly phu hgp CAC KET QUA OA OAT OU'OC TRONG CONG T A C BAO VE MOI TRLTONG TRONG CONG NGHIEP D A U KHI Trong thdi gian qua Tdng edng ty Dau khf Viet Nam da tfeh cue xay dung va de xuat viec hoan thien cac cdng cu phap ly, thurc hien eac bien phap td chUe, trien khai thuc hien, ddn dde kiem tra, v.v de quan ly tdt cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng Sau day la mpt sd ket qua da dat dugc: To chufc he thdng quan ly bao ve moi tru'dng Tdng edng ty da lap Phdng Khoa hpe, Cdng nghe va Mdi trudng (KHCNMT) de giup Tdng giam dde chi dao edng tac quan ly viee bao ve mdi trudng d tat ca eac dan vj vien, lap Trung tam An toan Mdi trudng de tu van cho Tdng giam dde nhung van de lien quan den phuang dien khoa hpc ky thuat mdi trudng phuc vu eho quan ly cung nhu thurc hien cac djch vu bao ve mdi trudng De nang cao chat lugng eae bao cao OTM, Tdng edng ty da lap Hdi ddng mdi trudng bao gdm eac chuyen gia va ngoai nganh (Hdi ddng mdi trudng dd'i vdi eae boat ddng tham dd khai thae dau va Hdi ddng mdi trudng dd'i vdi eae boat ddng van chuyen, ehe bie'n dau khf) nham giup Tdng giam dde xem xet cac bao cao dd trudc trinh Bd KHCNMT tham djnh Tat ca eac de an dau khf deu cd bao eao OTM duge phe duyet Ngoai ra, mdt sd dan vj vien eua Tdng edng ty cung da lap mdt sd bd phan vdi nhung nhiem vu khae nhu Ban Trung tam An toan Mdi trudng thude XNLD Vietsovpetro lam nhiem vu kiem tra, giam sat edng tac an toan va bao ve mdi trudng eung nhu Ung euru eae su ed (ehay, nd, phun trao, tran dau) khu vue boat ddng cua XNLD, Dpi urng euru sur ed tran dau thupc Cdng ty Djch vu ky thuat Dau khf thue hien djch vu urng eUu su ed tran dau eho eac hoat ddng dau khf cua eac edng ty Ban An toan thude Cdng ty Che bien va Kinh doanh cac san pham khf da dugc lap chuyen ve an toan va bao ve mdi trudng, v.v Cac dan vj ea sd ed hoat ddng san xuat deu ed can bd phu trach an toan va bao ve mdi trudng Bien soan cac van ban cu the hda Luat Bao ve moi trirdng va Luat Dau Do eac dac thu ndi tren, Nganh Dau khf khdng the thu ddng chd eae quy dinh cua Nha nude ma ben canh viec tuan thu nghiem chinh cac van ban phap quy cua Nha nude phai chiJ ddng nghien cifu ap dung, thfch nghi hda cac tieu chuan, quy djnh cua nude ngoai hoac cua cac cdng ty dau qudc te de trinh cae ea quan quan ly Nha nude ban hanh Cac vf du ve cac van de la viec bien soan Quy ehe bao ve mdi trffdng cac hoat dgng dau bien duge Bd Cdng nghiep nang ban hanh nam 1990 trude Luat Bao ve mdi trudng ddi, Quy ehe bao ve mdi trffdng viec tim kiem, tham dd phat then md, khai thae, tang trff, van chuyen, ehe bien dau va eac dich vu cd lien quan dugc Bd KHCNMT ban hanh 10/4/1998 Quy che da cu the hda Luat Dau khf (1993), Luat Bao ve mdi trudng (1994) ed tfnh den cac thuc tien boat dpng dau qudc te va kinh nghiem hoat ddng dau khf Viet Nam tU trudc den Nam 1995, Tdng cdng ty da ban hanh Ke hoach hanh ddng tinh hudng khan cap bao gdm ea eac tinh hudng sur cd mdi trudng Cac dur thao Ke hoach ung curu sur cd tran dau eua Tdng edng ty Dau khf Viet Nam va cac van ban hudng dan ve danh gia tac dpng mdi trudng, hudng dan kiem churng mdi trudng, v.v dang dugc hoan thien, lam thu tue xem xet ban hanh Trie'n khai cong tac bao ve moi tru'dng thifc tiln san xuat kinh doanh a Xem xet cac khia canh mdi trudng khau lap ke hoach.va thuc hien cae duan 59 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam tnfdc them theky 21' Cae van de mdi trudng ludn duge quan triet eae giai doan lap Luan chUng kha thi, trien khai va ke't thue de an • Ndi dung va thu tue xem xet, phe duyet bao cao lien quan de'n khia canh mdi trudng (Ban Cam ket dat tieu ehuan mdi trudng, bao eao OTM) eija de an phai tuan thu eac quy djnh eua Bd KHCNMT Hdi ddng mdi trudng Tdng edng ty Dau khf Viet Nam xem xet hoan ehinh eac bao cao OTM trudc trinh Bd KHCNMT xin phe duyet • Chu du an phai cam ket khdng thai mdi trudng eae chat thai khi, Idng, ran vugt qua tieu ehuan mdi trudng Viet Nam, tien hanh chuang trinh kiem churng mdi trudng Cac bien phap giam thieu tac ddng cija Chu du an phai dugc xem xet de thue hien dugc eae dam bao tren • Tieu ehi mdi trudng de phe duyet cdng nghe khoan, khai thae, che bie'n cac dur an la cho viec sur dung eac hda chat, thai cac chat thai va san xuat cae san pham dap Cfng duge eac yeu cau bao ve mdi trudng (khdng sO dung dung eac chat the gidi ed chij truang cam nhu dung dung djch khoan nen dau diesel, CFC, halon, san xuat eac san pham xang khdng pha ehi, v.v ) • Sau cd bao eao OTM phai cd ke hoach quan ly an toan mdi trudng dd dae biet nhan manh de'n quan ly chat thai va kiem chCfng mdi trudng cung nhu ke hoach urng phd tinh hudng khan cap • Chu du an phai bao eao djnh ky tinh hinh bao ve mdi trudng bao gdm cae ke't qua kiem churng mdi trudng • Khi ket thue dur an, Chu dur an phai thao dd cae cdng trinh cd djnh, don sach nai da tien hanh du an va bao eao vdi ea quan Nha nude cd tha'm quyen \ b Quan ly rui ro mdi trudng - Ke hoaeh phdng chdng su cd tran dau • Mdi edng ty ed kha nang gay tran dau phai cd Ke hoach urng euru tran dau Trudc trie'n khai de an, chu de an phai trinh Ke hoach urng phd su cd tran dau de xin phe duyet • Tdng cdng ty Dau Viet Nam dugc trao trach nhiem lap ke hoach urng phd sir ed tran dau cho Nganh Dau nham phdi hgp hanh ddng giUa cae td chCfc dau khi, eae ca quan cd lien quan eung nhu chinh quyen dja phuang de dam bao ung cuu nhanh chdng va ed hieu qua [1] [2] Hien viec lap Ke hoach dang dugc trien khai vdi sur giup dd eua Cue Kiem soat d nhiem Na Uy • Nganh Dau khf Viet Nam hien cd hai trung tam Cfng euru tran dau dat tai Vung Tau ed thiet bj Cfng cCfu vao loai tdt nha't cua Viet Nam c Kiem chffng mdi trudng Ndi dung cdng tac kiem ehCrng mdi trudng cae boat ddng dau bien ve ea ban dua tren eac hudng dan ve kiem churng cua Na Uy Ngoai ra, dugc Na Uy tai trg, Tdng cdng ty Dau Viet Nam da tien hanh dgt kiem ehCfng khu vue bien tur mui Ke Ga de'n mui Ca Mau (1997,1998) Cac ket qua thu duge tif dgt dugc luu lai ca sd dCf lieu de phue vu eho edng tac lap bao cao OTM eua cac de an khu vue d Giao due, dao tao nang cao nhan thffe Viee bao ve mdi trudng ehi ed the lam tdt neu mpi ngudi hoat ddng cdng nghiep dau nhan thijrc duge tam quan trpng eija viec bao ve mdi trudng va quan triet nd cac boat ddng thudng nhat eua minh De lam dugc dieu dd, Nganh Dau khf da phd bien rdng rai cho eae nhan vien cae van ban phap quy lien quan de'n bao ve mdi trudng Nhieu can bd chuyen trach ve bao ve mdi trudng da dugc cur di tham du cae khda dao tao ehuyen mdn va ngoai nude Tdng cdng ty da tranh thu duge nhieu du an de thue hien viee dao tao can bd va ehuye'n giao cdng nghe nhu cae du an hgp tac vdi Na Uy (NORAD tai trg) nham 60 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau VietNam trifdc them theky 21' phat trien he thd'ng quan ly mdi trudng, du an hgp tac vdi Dan Mach cho bao ve mdi trudng ngudn (Worid Bank tai trg), du an hgp tac vdi TEXACO (TEXACO tai trg) cho lap ban dd nhay cam mdi trudng bang viin tham, v.v : •:? J T : e Cdng tac kiem tra giam sat Cae cdng ty thure hien ehCfc nang giam sat eae Nha thau nude ngoai ludn coi giam sat viee bao ve mdi trudng la mpt npi dung quan trpng giam sat boat ddng dau khf Tdng edng ty eung td chufc kiem tra thudng xuyen edng tac an toan, bao ve mdi trudng eae dan vj ca sd Thdng qua Ban kiem tra hai phfa Viet - Nga, Tdng edng ty Dau khf Viet Nam thudng xuyen kiem tra edng tac XNLD Vietsovpetro Viee thue hien ehe dp bao cao djnh ky tinh hinh bao ve mdi trudng bao gdm cae ket qua kiem chUng mdi trudng eung nhu bao eao kjp thdi su cd mdi trudng giup Tdng edng ty nam tuang dd'i ehac tinh hinh bao ve mdi trudng d tat ca eae dan vj ea sd I Dich vu mdi trudng Trung tam An toan Mdi trudng dugc Tdng cdng ty dau tu tdt ve thiet bi va eho nghien cCru khoa hgc chuyen sau da tien hanh cae djch vu mdi trudng cho cac Nha thau dau khf nhu lap Bao eao OTM, eac djch vu phan tfeh cac yeu td mdi trudng (dae biet la phan tfeh de danh gia tfnh dde hai sinh thai eua dung djch khoan va cae hda chat dde hai), kiem chCfng mdi trudng, xur ly chat thai Trung tam eung da trien khai cac hgp ddng lap ke hoach urng eufu su cd tran dau cho Hai Phdng va Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh PTSC va Vietsovpetro da thuc hien nhieu hgp ddng Crng euru sur ed tran dau cho eac edng ty dau Tdng ke't lai, ed the nhan djnh nhd ed gang cua toan Nganh, mdi trudng eua eac md dang khai thae edn sach Tac ddng eua eae boat ddng thude cdng nghjep dau de'n mdi trudng la ed nhung khdng Idn, bieu hien khai quat nhu sau: • Ddi vdi eae boat ddng tim kiem, tham dd, cae hoat ddng thudng ngan, vdi quy md khdng Idn, tac ddng de'n mdi trudng deu ngan ban, nhat thdi • Odi vdi cac hoat ddng khai thae, eae boat ddng thudng ed quy.md Idn, keo dai, tac ddng den mdi trudng la cd nhung khdng Idn Lay md Bach Hd, Rdng la nai ddng gdp phan chu yeu san lugng dau thd cua toan qudc lam tieu bieu Tai lieu kiem chCfng nam (1995 -1998) eho thay khdng cd dot bien ve ham lugng hydrocacbon va cae kim loai nang (ngoai trU Ba) tram tieh va ham lugng dau nude bien khu vurc hai md Cae sd lieu ndi tren, d mdt khia canh nao dd, da the hien nhCfng cd gang cija Nganh Dau cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng Oae biet, tU lap Nganh Dau (1975) de'n khdng xay su cd mdi trudng Idn nao NhQhg bat cap can khac phuc Ben canh eac tiru da dat dugc, edng tac bao ve mdi trudng edng nghiep dau khf edn nhieu dieu bat cap Xin neu mdt sd diem sau day: a Cae van ban lien quan den quan ly mdi trudng Hien cdn thieu cae hudng dan ky thuat ehi tiet de then khai thure hien Luat Bao ve mdi trudng va Quy ehe Bao ve mdi trudng nhu trongcac hudng dan ve kiem chCfng mdi trudng, hudng dan ve lua chpn va sur dung chat phan tan dau, hudng dan danh gia mCfc dp phong hda dau thd, v.v 6a Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trffdc them theky 21' Bang1: Mdt sd ke't qua cae dgt kiem churng mdi trudng khu vue md Bach Ho, Rdng [3] Thang, nam quan trac Yeu td 5/1995 5/1996 6/1997 7/1998 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,05 Hydrocacbon tram tich (^.g/g) 77 24 16 29 Pb tram tieh (|ig/g) 12 17 14 Zn tram tfeh (|ig/g) 40 43 33 38 Cr tram tfeh (|ig/g) 18 23 19 19 Ba tram tfeh (|j.g/g) 193 298 373 365 Hg tram tfeh (i^g/g) 0,11 0,11 0,08 0,08 Hydrocacbon nude (mg/g) b Phdng chdng su cd Mdt sd bat cap edng tac phdng chdng sur cd chua duge giai quyet triet de nhu: • Tdi uu hda dau tu mua sam trang thiet bj Cfng cUu su cd Hien trang bj urng curu tran dau ven bie'n hoac vung cura sdng edn thieu • Tdi uu hda giai phap sur dung chat phan tan dau, eha't hut dau de urng euru mdt xay su cd tran dau thd • Hoan thien viee md hinh hda qua trinh trdi dat dau tran nham phuc vu eho phdng chdng tran dau • Cac phuang phap xac djnh mCfc dp thiet hai sur ed tran dau c XLT ly chat thai tif edng nghiep dau 1(1 nam 1986, chat thai tU eac boat ddng dau khf bien nhu bun khoan thai, mun khoan va cac chat thai dinh dau khae duge chd tU ngoai khai vao ba ma chua dugc xur ly Cdng nghiep dau khf phai xur ly eae chat thai dd (hien dang chuan bj xay dung nha may xur ly chat thai dau cdng xuat 2,3 T/h tai tinh Ba Ria Vung Tau) Mat khae, edng nghe bom cae chat thai dde hai trd lai gieng khoan eung can dugc nghien eCru ap dung NHlJNG T H A C H THCrc MOI TRONG THOI GIAN TOI TRLTONG GAN LI^N VOI CONG CUOC PHAT TRIEN NGANH DAU KHI Trong tuong lai, van de bao ve mdi trudng cua cdng nghiep dau khf ed nhung dac diem sau: Khu vifc ehju tac dong cang rong Cae khu vue bien didn eae boat ddng tham dd, khai thae dau khf cang rdng bao gdm ea cae vung bien va tren dat lien Mang ludi eae tuyen dng dan dau khf eung se phat trien de dan khf khai thae tU cae md den cae hd tieu thu tren dat lien Odi vdi Unh vue ehe bie'n, tU chd hien chua ed nha may Ipc dau de'n nam 2002 se ed nha may Ipe dau 6,5 trieu tan nam va den nam 2020 cd the se cd khoang vai nha may Ipe dau nhu vay eung vdi eae nha may hoa dau khae Cac loai hinh tac dong da dang hdn Hien tai tac ddng ehu yeu tham dd khai thae bien vdi eac chat thai ehu yeu la mun khoan va nude 62 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau VietNam trudc them theky 21' via thai Tuang lai se xuat hien them eac tac ddng tien hanh cae boat ddng che bien dau vdi eae chat thai dac trung nhu khf thai va nude thai dac thu tu nha may Ipc hoa dau, ngoai cdn phai ke den cac tac ddng van chuyen dau thd cung cap eho nha may Ipe dau Lugng chat thai tang cao Cd the du kien nhung nam tdi eac md dang khai thae nhu Bach Hd, Rdng, Dal Hung, v.v se eang cho nhieu nude via thai han Oe ed the hinh dung lugng chat thai khai thae dau cd the lay sd lieu tu Vietsovpetro: dur bao den nam 2000 eua Vietsovpetro vdi san lugng 16 trieu tan dau se san sinh khoang 5600 tan chat thai edng nghiep chufa dau va 15.000 tan chat thai sinh boat mdt nam [4] Qua du doan d Bang cd the thay rd xu hudng tang lugng nude via thai tang dp nhidm nude cua md Bach Ho Bang 2: Lugng nugc khai thae thai mdi trudng qua trinh khai thae md Bach Ho den nam 2010 [5] Nam Do nhilm nU'dc, (%) LUdng nUdc khai thae thai moi tri/dng (10^T) 2000 8,87 1221,3 2001 16,09 2151,1 2002 23,45 2799,5 2003 39,25 3709,5 2004 48,89 3762,1 2005 56,87 3618,1 2006 63,68 3336,8 2007 67,32 3044,9 2008 70,71 2885,0 2009 73,32 2681,3 2010 75,59 2455,2 Cae qua trinh ehe bie'n nhu Ipe dau va hoa dau se cang cho nhieu chat thai ea ve sd lugng, ca ve chung loai Chua cd sd lieu ve chat thai cija edng nghiep ehe bien nhung sau day dan ude tinh tinh hinh nude thai cho nha may Ipc dau 6,5 trieu tan/nam se thai vinh Viet Thanh de an Nha may Ipc dau Dung Quat [6]: • Nude thai tu qua trinh ehe bie'n: 270 m^/gid, • Nude thai tU qua trinh lam mat: 16.000 m^/gid, • Nude thai ngoai khu vue ehe bien: 880.000 m^/thang tCre 1.200 m^/gid r ;• •,; \ Rui ro sir cd moi tru'dng tang cao Ngoai nhung ruil ro su cd mdi trudng san ed lien quan den tham dd khai thae va van chuyen nhu phun trao dau khf, vd dudng dng din dau khf se tang theo quy md boat ddng tuang lai se tiem an eae rui ro mdi nhu chay nd, tran dau tai cac nha may Ipe hda dau, tai nan sur cd tau dau van ehuye'n cho nha may Ipc hda dau Can luu y rang tai lieu thdng ke cua the gidi cho thay lugng dau tran bien su ed tau dau chiem tdi 12% tdng lugng dau di vao bien [7] Ben canh dd, sur cd tran dau tau dau thudng gay thiet hai Idn, khae phue rat lau va tdn kem Vdi nhifng thaeh thCrc mdi trudng ndi tren, neu khdng cd eae giai phap ddng bd ve quan ly, cdng nghe 63 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam tnfdc them theky 21' thi tac ddng de'n mdi trudng eua Nganh Dau se rat Idn PHLTONG HLTdNG BAO VE MOI TRI/ONG NHAM THl/C THI CHIEN LLfOC PHAT TRIEN B§N VUTNG CUA N G A N H D A U KHI Cae ket qua bao ve mdi trudng Nganh Dau khf nhung nam qua la rat dang khfch le Tuy nhien, can ed eae giai phap thfch hgp de thuc hien chien luge phat trien gan chat vdi bao ve mdi trudng, dam bao phat trie'n cdng nghiep dau khf mdt each ben vCfng Sau day la mdt sd de xuat lien quan den eac hoat ddng quan ly, khoa hpc edng nghe nham bao ve mdi trudng qua trinh thuc hien chien luge phat trien edng nghiep dau thdi gian tdi Quan triet quan diem tong hdp ldi ich xem xet phe duyet cac de an Trong tUng du an dau khf eu the can lua chpn eae giai phap dau tu cho edng nghiep dau phat trien hai hda ehuf khdng dd'i dau vdi eac nganh kinh te khac cung khai thae dieu kien tai nguyen - mdi trudng Chang ban, dd'i vdi tham dd, khai thae tren bien can lura chpn cac cdng nghe cd it anh hudng den hoat ddng eua cac Nganh Thuy san, Du ljch, Giao thdng bie'n, cdn dd'i vdi cac de an dau khf tren dat lien can luu y de'n quy hoach dd thj, ndng nghiep, du ljch, v.v Viee phai lam thudng xuyen thdng qua eac bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng eija tUng de an dau khf Ben canh dd, cdng nghiep dau khf cung can tien hanh eae nghien curu tac ddng cua cdng nghiep dau khf de'n mdt sd nganh kinh te hCfu quan, ddi sdng edng ddng nhUng vung boat ddng de ed the ed nhUng luan eCf khoa hpe giai thieh hoae eac bien phap dung hda cae quyen Igi vdi cae nganh, edng ddng dan eu tai dd NhUng luan eCf phai duge cac nganh va cdng ddng dan cu quan triet trudc trien khai du an nham dam bao cho dur an trie'n khai xudn xe, nha't la eac de an lien quan de'n hoat ddng tren bd Trong qua trinh lap va xem xet cac bao cao OTM can luu y de'n eae y kien eua edng ddng dan cu eho hp hie'u duge cae mat Igi va hai eija tUng dur an eung nhu cac bien phap giam thieu ma dur an se thuc hien Lira chon va dau ti/cho cdng nghe than thien vdi moi tru'dng a Tieu ehuan lua chgn cdng nghe ap dung san xuat Ngay 22/9/1999, nude ta da ky vao tuyen bd qudc te ve san xuat sach ban Do vay, cdng nghe dau phai dam bao eho san xuat sach han Theo djnh nghTa eua Chuang trinh Mdi trudng thude Lien hiep qudc (UNEP) thi san xuat sach ban la chien luge da duge kiem tra va thura nhan nham nang eao hieu qua si!r dung tai nguyen thien nhien, giam thieu chat thai, d nhiem eung nhu nhifng rui ro dd'i vdi sCfe khde va an toan eho ngudi tU ngudn phat sinh chung ban la d giai doan eud'i qua trinh san xuat [8] San xuat sach ban mang lai Igi ich kinh te cho doanh nghiep nang cao tdng hieu qua eija san xuat Mdt sd tieu ehuan mdi trudng can xem xet nghien cCfu lua chpn cdng nghe dau khf: • Tan dung tai nguyen sin ed cua Viet Nam de tranh nhap khau, nhung cung can tranh tan pha cae ngudn Igi dang suy kiet cua dja phuang nhu tham thue vat, dat canh tac, v.v • Sur dung cdng nghe sinh it chat thai hoae tham ehi khdng sinh chat thai phu hgp vdi dieu kien Viet Nam, cho phep tan dung tdi da eae chat thai de dua vao sd dung eude sdng • Han che de'n mCfe tdi da viec dua ngudn gien la tU nude ngoai xur ly chat thai • 0am bao tfnh an toan eao (kha nang xay sur cd ed anh hudng xau de'n mdi trudng thap) • Sir dung eac hda chat va eho san pham dap Cfng dugc xu budng bao ve mdi trudng eua the gidi Cae vf du ve van de la: khdng sur dung eac chit CFC, halon san xuat va phdng chdng chay, san xuat xang khdng pha chi, v.v 64 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam tnfdc them theky 21' b Khuyen khieh hffdng nghien cffu cdng nghe than thien vdi mdi trffdng v v -O r-uno Oe thuc thi chien luge khoa hpc cdng nghe cua minh Unh vurc bao ve mdi trudng, thdi gian tdi, Nganh Dau can khuyen khfch trien khai cac hudng nghien eCru khoa hpe edng nghe sau day: • Nghien eUu sur dung hoae hoan thien eae he dung djch khoan theo hudng ft gay dde hai eho mdi trudng ban • Nghien cifu hoan thien hoac ap dung cdng nghe khoan, khai thae eho ft chat thai ban hoac chat thai ft dde hai han Phai tim de tai eae Unh vurc nhu tdi uu hda qua trinh san xuat, lua chpn cae chat diet khuan, eae chat ure ehe eac qua trinh an mdn, pha vao nude bien cdng nghe bam ep Cung rat can chu y tdi hudng ap dung edng nghe tien tien dam bao an toan cho mdi trudng nhu bam trd lai via nbUng chat thai (mun khoan, bun khoan thai v.v, ) • Nghien cCru hoan thien cdng nghe khoan, khai thae, ehe bie'n eho vide sur dung eae hda chat va san xuat eae san pham dap urng dugc xu hudng bao ve mdi trudng cua the gidi (giam dan va tien tdi khdng sur dung cac chat the gidi ed ehu truang cam nhu CFC, halon; san xuat xang khong pha chi, v.v ) Trie'n khai cac nghien cuU khoa hoc moi tru'dng Cdng nghiep dau khf can trien khai cac nghien eCfu khoa hpc chuyen ve mdi trudng sau day: • Danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng tdng quat eho tUng vung ehju tac ddng bdi nhieu du an dau khL Can hoan thien cdng eu danh gia tac ddng nhu danh gia dp dde, dp phan buy sinh hpe, dp tfeh tu sinh hpe, md hinh danh gia mure dp khuyech tan eae chat thai, md hinh danh gia mure dp sur dung va thai cae hda chat dpc hai, v.v • Cac nghien cUu kiem ehCfng mdi trudng eae khu vue cd nhieu dur an dau khf de biet duge khuynh hudng anh hudng den mdi trudng cija qua trinh trien khai cac du an dau khf nham de eac bien phap khac phue suy thoai mdi trudng kjp thdi Hien tai can tien hanh mdt sd nghien curu ve tfnh chat ly hda cua nude via thai tai cae md mdi, dd nhan manh de'n cae chat dde bai nghi van nhu thuy ngan, phenol, cac tfnh eha't phdng xa va tfeh tu eae chat dde hai eac loai thuy sinh (ddng vat bai manh vd, ea v.v ) • Cac nghien eufu phue vu cho ke hoach phdng ehd'ng su ed mdi trudng nhu danh gia riji ro tran dau eho eae boat ddng cua edng nghiep dau khf, lap ban dd nhay cam phuc vu eho phan vung uu tien bao ve, dieu kien phong hda cae loai dau khai thae, van chuyen mdt tran bien, eae ky thuat thu gom va xur ly dau tran tren bien, cac ky thuat lam sach dau tran tren bd, san xuat chat phan tan, chat hut dau tur nguyen lieu nude, v.v • Cae nghien cCfu phuc vu eho den bu mdt ed su ed tran dau xay nham dam bao cho cac edng ty dau thuc hien mdt each cdng bang trach nhiem cua minh nhu ehi thj nhan dang dau, eac phuang phap kiem ehCrng mdi trudng sau sur cd, cac phuang phap danh gia dung dan thiet hai mdi trudng, v.v • Cae nghien euru xur ly chat thai dac thu cho edng nghiep dau khf Ben canh eae edng nghe xur ly dugc nhap va van hanh tUng de an, ed the neu mdt sd cdng viec nghien euru xur ly chat thai ma cdng nghiep dau khf can phai va ed the thuc hien nhu sau: > Nghien cCfu xur ly chat thai tur cae qua trinh tham dd dau tren bd Cac chat thai loai thudng chCfa nhieu chat dde bai xa la vdi ddi sdng cua dan eu nen de gay sur ehu y Mat khac, tieu chuan nude thai dat lien rat nghiem ngat so vdi ngoai khoi > Nghien curu xur ly tdng hgp nude thai tu cae nha may ehe bie'n dau dae biet la cac nha may Igc dau > Nghien curu xur ly, tan dung eac chat thai dinh dau, dae biet la chat thai tU qua trinh lam sach tau 6f; Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' ehua dau, v.v Hoan thien cac cong cu quan ly moi trirdng Viec hoan thien cae cdng eu quan ly mdi trudng rat can thiet de bao dam cho edng nghiep dau thuc hien cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng tdt han nUa Cd the ke mdt sd cdng viec can lam thdi gian tdi nhu sau: • Sdm ban hanh eac hudng dan lap bao eao OTM, kiem chCrng mdi trudng, ke hoach tran dau, v.v • Thiet lap tieu ehuan Nganh ve lay mau, phan tfeh, ehinh ly sd lieu lien quan de'n dac mdi trudng, eae quy dinh ve quan ly mdi trudng bao gdm tra mdi trudng, lap bao eao bao ve mdi trudng • Tang cudng edng tac tra, kiem tra (audit) edng tac bao ve mdi trudng cac dan vj ca sd • Day manh dao tao ehuyen sau ket hgp vdi giao due nang cao nhan thCfc, phd cap cac kien thCfe ve mdi ^ trudng phu hgp vdi tUng ddi tugng Nganh KETLUAN Cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng cdng nghiep dau da duge thue hien mdt each nghiem ehinh thdi gian qua Nhan thure duge nhCfng thach thure se gap phai thdi gian tdi edng vdi sur nd luc cua ban than va su giup dd eua cae ca quan quan ly Nha nude eung nhu eae cdng ddng dan cu ed lien quan, chung ta cd du eo sd nhan djnh rang edng nghiep dau khf se thure hien cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng tdt tian nCfa, dam bao eho sur phat trien cua Nganh duge ben vung va ddng gdp vao su nghiep bao ve mdi trudng chung eua Td qudc ta TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Cdng van sd3054/DK 3/6/1994 cua Van phdng Chfnh phu Quy ehe bao ve mdi trudng viee tim kiem, tham dd, phat trien md, khai thae, tang tru, van ehuye'n, ehe bien dau va eac djch vu lien quan, 1998 XNLD Vietsovpetro, Ket qua khao sat mdi trffdng khu vue eae md Baeh Ho va Rdng nam 1998 XNLD Vietsovpetro, Bao eao kha thi Du an Nha may xtr ty chat thai dau khi, 1998 XNLD Vietsovpetro, Chinh xac hda sa dd cdng nghe khai thae va xay dung mo Baeh Ho, 1998 Bao cao OTM Nha may Ipc dau thCr nha't, 1998 The International Tanker Ow/ner Pollution Federation LTD, Technical information paper, 1987 66 UNEP, International Declaration on Cleaner Production, Information Package, 1999 ... thai dde hai trd lai gieng khoan eung can dugc nghien eCru ap dung NHlJNG T H A C H THCrc MOI TRONG THOI GIAN TOI TRLTONG GAN LI^N VOI CONG CUOC PHAT TRIEN NGANH DAU KHI Trong tuong lai, van de bao... phai ed nhung giai phap quan ly phu hgp CAC KET QUA OA OAT OU''OC TRONG CONG T A C BAO VE MOI TRLTONG TRONG CONG NGHIEP D A U KHI Trong thdi gian qua Tdng edng ty Dau khf Viet Nam da tfeh cue xay... Vietsovpetro da thuc hien nhieu hgp ddng Crng euru sur ed tran dau cho eac edng ty dau Tdng ke''t lai, ed the nhan djnh nhd ed gang cua toan Nganh, mdi trudng eua eac md dang khai thae edn sach