Hdi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep hoc kT thuat md tien tiin md qudc vi su phat ti triin -2010 bin viing QUAN DIEM VE VIEC LITA CHON CO CAU SAN PHAM VA DANH G I A K H A N A N G StT D U N G Q U A N G S A T M O T H A C H K H E C H O L U Y E N K I MVIET N A M TS Nghiem Gia Tdng Cong ty Thep Viet N a m KS Kamlesh Kuman Tap doan thep T A T A - A n D o Doi net ve qua trinh nghien cuu quang sat mo Thach Khe: M d quang sat T h a c h K h e n a m giap g i o i x a T h a c h D i n h , T h a c h H a i v a T h a c h K h e thuoc huyen T h a c h H a t i n h H a T i n h , each T h i x a H a T i n h 8,5 k m v e p h i a D o n g D i a h i n h m d t u o n g d d i bang phang, m d n a m tren b d bien, song T h a c h D d n g chay each m d ve phia Bac khoang k m N h u n g n g h i e n c u u ve m d quang sat T h a c h K h e da d u o c cac t d chuc t u v a n nude ngoai thuc hien tir n h u n g n a m 1985 - 2007 Cac bao cao deu cd c h u n g n h a n xet sau: - Md quang sat Thach Khe - Ha Tinh cd tru luong tren 544 trieu tin la md ldn nhat V i e t N a m , t r u l u o n g k h a i thac cd h i e u qua t a i m u c a m (-) 0 m cd k h o a n g h o n 320 trieu tan Chat l u o n g quang sat T h a c h K h e kha tot, h a m l u o n g Fe t r u n g b i n h t r e n % , h a m l u o n g cac tap chat khac (S, P, M n ) k h o n g cao, rieng h a m l u o n g Z n = , % cao h o n r i t n h i e u ( h e n 10 lan) so v d i quang ciia n h i e u nude tren T h e g i d i , x e m B a n g 1; TT Bang Phan bo trie luong yd chat luong quang sat md Thach Khi Phan bd t r u luong md T r u lugng, Ham lugng,% quang sat Thach Khe Trieu tan Fe Mn S Zn Do sau - 400 m 320,900 61,5 0,21 0.029 0,07 Dp sau - 650 m DO sau - 750 m 490,100 544,080 59,8 58,83 0,26 0,203 0,036 0,014 0,07 0,07 Ngudn: Bdo cdo dia chat tham ty my nam 1985 - D i e u k i e n k h a i thac m o Thach K h e k h o n g thuan l o i v i cac n g u y e n nhan sau day: + ) D i e u k i e n dia chat t h u y v a n k h u m d phuc tap L u u l u o n g n u d e m a t vao m o o n g khai thac r i t l d n ( Q m = 1.759.555 m / n g a y d e m ) v a l u u l u o n g n u d e n g i m c u n g r i t l d n ( T r o n g p h a m v i m d chia cac t i n g v a phuc he chua n u d e v d i l u u l u o n g t d n g c d n g Q n g = 1.412.249 m / n g a y dem) +) Dieu kien dia chit cdng trinh phuc tap (cd hang ddng Casto), md nam khu vuc hang nam n h i e u m u a bao Cac nguyen nhan neu tren da lam tang gia khai thac md, dd chi phi thoat nude v a d n d i n h b d m d c h i d m h o n 1/3 gia k h a i thac m d 762 Hdi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tiin md qudc vi su phat ti trien - 2010 ben vung Tu nam 1996-1997 vai kit qua phan tich mlu (dugc liy tir 21 lo khoan mau b6 sung) va tren quan d i e m cong nghe che bien, C o n s o r t i u m ( g o m cac T a p doan K r u p p , Gencor v a M i t s h u b s h i ) da phan chia quang s i t m o Thach K h e l o a i sau day: - Quang M a n h e t i t ( n h o m chinh); - Quang M a n h e t i t g i a u S u n f u a ( n h o m p h u ) ; - Quang M a n h e t i t g i a u Silicat ( n h o m p h u ) ; - Quang O x i t ( n h o m c h i n h ) ; - Quang O x i t ngheo, p h i a h e n ( n h o m p h u ) ; - Quang O x i t ngheo, p h i a d u o i ( n h o m p h u ) ; K e t luan cua C o n s o r t i u m ve chat l u o n g quang sat T h a c h K h e ( t r u n g v o i ket qua n g h i e n cuu mau quang sat ciia L B N g a tir n a m 2002-2008 v a cua T r u n g Q u o c n a m 2009) n h u sau: - H a m l u o n g K e m ( Z n ) toan bo than quang sat cua m o T h a c h K h e m u c t r u n g b i n h la 0,07% D o Z n n a m t r o n g t i n h the co cau true " S p i n e l " nen k h o n g the g i a m chung bang cac p h u o n g phap t u y e n khoang t h o n g t h u o n g ; - M o t so v i t r i than quang Sunfua v a than quang Silicat co h a m l u o n g S va S i qua cao Qua t r i n h t u y e n v a che bien t h o n g t h u a n g k h o n g the l o a i bo S v a S i , do k h o n g nen tinh can d o i t r u l u o n g cac l o a i than quang vao t r u l u o n g k h a i thac m o - T r u l u o n g c h i n h cua m o Thach K h e la quang M a n h e t i t v a quang O x i t Quang Manhetit co the t u y e n tir tot, n h u n g cau true b o r o i nen k h o n g co n h i e u quang cue Quang Oxit co the tuyen tir ket h o p v a i t u y e n lire, quang c u n g nen co the cho 02 l o a i san > • i f r r y pham la quang cue v a c a m (de san xuat t i n h quang thieu ket) theo m o n g m u o n ciia N h a dau t u luyen k i m Tir n a m 2002-2008 cac T o chiic T u van ciia L B N g a ( t r o n g co V i e n Giproruda, Mekhanobr, V i e n L u y e n k i m den M a t x c o v a , V i e n thao k h o m o V I O G E M ) da lap Bao cao nghien ciru t i e n k h a t h i (PrFS) v a Bao cao n g h i e n ciru k h a t h i (FS) D u an m o Thach K h e Cac san p h i m neu t r o n g PreFS va FS d u o c xac d i n h dua theo cau true quang v a y e u cau cong nghe l u y e n k i m , g o m cac p h u o n g an san p h a m sau day: - Cho cong nghe L o cao: San p h a m bao g o m quang cue (khoang % ) v a quang c a m dung de san xuat quang t h i e u ket; - Cho C o n g nghe P h i coc: San p h i m bao g m quang cue (khoang % ) v a quang m i n de san x u i t quang V e v i e n Lua chon san pham khai thac va che bien quang sit mo Thach Khe V i e c xac d i n h c o cau san pham k h a i thac v a che b i e n quang sat m o T h a c h K h e can duoc xac d i n h tren hai goc sau day: 763 Hdi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien ki thuat tien md qudc vi su phat ti triin 2010 bin viing a) T h e o k h a n a n g k h a i t h a c v a che b i e n q u a n g s i t T h a c h K h e Theo Bao cao d i a chat m o T h a c h K h e (1985), PrFS n a m 1991 cua T a p d o a n K r u p p ( L B D u e ) , PreFS n a m 0 v a FS n a m 2007 cua cac t l chuc T u v a n L B N g a , co the xac d i n h l o a i san p h a m cua quang sat m o T h a c h K h e n h u sau: - Quang cue ( c o hat > 30 - m m ) c h i e m k h o a n g tren % san l u o n g k h a i thac; - Quang cue c o vira ( c o hat > - 30 m m ) c h i e m k h o a n g t r e n % san l u o n g k h a i thac; - Quang c a m ( c o hat - m m ) k h o a n g - % d u n g cho san xuat quang t h i e u ket hoac d l san x u i t Quang m i n ( c o hat 470pm) d u n g cho san xuat quang V e v i e n b ) T h e o n h u c a u s u d u n g q u a n g sat T h a c h K h e cho l u y e n k i m t r o n g n u d e K i t qua n g h i e n c u u t h i t r u o n g cho thay n h u cau quang sat g i a i doan 2010-2020 cho luyen k i m t r o n g n u d e tang k h a cao N h u n g quang sat T h a c h K h e co h a m l u o n g Z n r i t cao nen viec sir d u n g 100%> quang s i t m o T h a c h K h e de san xuat gang se k e m h i e u qua Can c u vao t i n h c h i t quang s i t m o T h a c h K h e v a n h u cau sir d u n g co the d u k i e n loai san p h i m k h a i thac v a t u y l n neu t r o n g B a n g C h i t l u o n g q u a n g sat m o Thach K h e neu hong Bang Tir ket qua cac n g h i e n c u u cac to chuc T u v a n n u d e n g o a i v a V i e t N a m g i a i doan tir 1985-2009 co t h i k i t l u a n n h u sau: 1) San p h i m sau qua t r i n h k h a i thac v a t u y l n quang sat m o T h a c h K h e t u y thuoc rat nhieu vao dieu k i e n cau t n i c t u n h i e n ciia quang v a c o n g nghe k h a i thac v a t u y e n quang Dac biet cac p h u o n g an san p h a m da qua t u y e n t u y thuoc theo y e u cau ciia c o n g nghe l u y e n k i m ma chii dau t u neu 2) Quang sat m o T h a c h K h e co c i i n g k h o n g cao, n h i e u k h o i b d r d i V i the qua t r i n h k h o a n no, xiic boc v a v a n chuyen quang n g u y e n k h a i ve k h u v u c X u d n g tuyen, quang da b i pha v d cau t n i c da tao nen m o t l u o n g quang c a m ( c d hat - m m ) co the chiem t o i % va l u o n g quang cue g i a m d i dang ke, c h i c o n k h o a n g % t r o n g t o n g l u o n g quang k h a i thac 3) X e t ve mat sir d u n g cho l u y e n k i m t r o n g nude cho thay: N e u d u n g quang c a m (co c d hat - m m ) de san xuat quang t h i e u ket cho L cao hay d u n g q u a n g m i n ( c d hat u m ) de san xuat quang ve v i e n se g i a m duoc c h i p h i n g h i e n quang rat n h i e u f A J\ A A Bang Du kien cong suat khai thdc vd tuyen quang sat md Thach Khe cho nhu cau san xudt gang theo cdng ngh$ Lb cao vd luy$n kim Phi coc giai doan 2011 - 2020 T T , Cong suat k h a i thac, t u y e n Cong nguyen k h a i b£ , — • - • • -.) San pham sau k h i da t u y e n : suat k h a i thac quang " T va n h u cau quang sat r San l u o n g hang n a m , tan 2011-2013 2014-2016 2017-2020 Sau 2020 2.000.000 5.000.000 10.000.000 10.000.000 1.700.000 4.250.000 8.500.000 8.500.000 764 r r ngni Knoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 nghiep md tien tiin vi su phat trien ben vung nui Cong C h o san x u a t g a n g theo c o n g • n g h e L o cao: - 20% Quang cue (30-45 - 10% Quang ca vua (8-30 - 70% Quang cam (0-8 mm) C h o san x u a t q u a n g v e v i e n • de - n g h e P h i coc: 20% Quang cue (30-45 - 10% Quang ca vira (8-30 - 70% Quang luyen gang mm) theo mm) 4.250.000 340.000 8.500.000 8.500.000 900.000 1.700.000 1.700.000 170.000 200.000 850.000 850.000 1.190.000 1.400.000 5.950.000 5.950.000 1.700.000 4.250.000 8.500.000 8.500.000 340.000 900.000 1.700.000 1.700.000 170.000 200.000 850.000 850.000 1.190.000 1.400.000 5.950.000 5.950.000 Cong mm) mm) (470pm) Bang Chat luong L o a i quang 1.700.000 cua quang sdtmd Thach Khe C o hat Fe, % Mn, % Zn, % Cam 0- m m 59,42 0,264 Cue c o vira 8-30 mm 61,5 0,21 30 - 45 m m 61,5 0,21 Cue S,% P,% 0,071 0,112 0,018 0,07 0,063 0,031 0,07 0,063 0,031 D a n h g i a k h a n a n g sir d u n g q u a n g sat T h a c h K h e c h o n h u c a u l u y e n k i m D a n h g i a k h a n a n g t i e u t h u q u a n g sat T h a c h K h e Theo d u bao t u o n g l a i g i a quang sat cao h o n rat n h i e u so v o i n a m 2002 nen cac ho t i e u thu quang sat (bao g o m : cac d o n v i san xuat thep cua V N S T E E L , cac doanh nghiep khac cua Viet N a m v a D o a n h nghiep l i e n doanh v d i n u o c ngoai ) c d x u h u d n g sir d u n g quang sat khai thac t r o n g n u o c •> r ? \ r r r •> De san xuat tan p h d i thep can sir d u n g i t nhat 1,85 tan t i n h quang sat (da qua tuyen) i f r y r f r De san xuat k h o a n g t r i e u tan p h d i / n a m can k h o a n g 9,25 t r i e u t a n quang sat/nam V i the neu sir d u n g quang T h a c h K h e cho san xuat p h d i t r o n g n u o c v o i c d n g suat neu h e n hang t r i t nam chung ta c d the tiet k i e m d u o c l u o n g ngoai te k h o a n g 1,48 t y U S D de nhap k h a u quang sat (theo m u c g i a quang sat chat l u o n g tot ciia B r a z i n ) r r r y f t K e hoach k h a i thac quang sat T h a c h K h e se p h u thugc rat n h i e u vao ke hoach t r i e n khai cac d u an san x u i t thep, dac biet la p h u thuoc vao t i e n dau t u x a y d u n g D u an nha may thep l i e n h o p H a TTnh c d n g suat 4,5 t r i e u tan/nam da d u o c C h i n h p h i i phe duyet t r o n g Quy hoach phat t r i e n n g a n h T h e p V i e t N a m 2010-2020, t i n h den n a m 2025 V i v a y c o h o i de k h a i thac v a sir d u n g quang sat T h a c h K h e cd the se t h u a n l o i h o n Song can l u u y t d i danh g i a ciia M i t s u b i s h i t r o n g Bao cao n g h i e n c u u t h i t r u d n g quang sat V i e t N a m n h u sau: "Quang s i t T h a c h K h e cd h a m l u o n g K e m cao h o n 10 l a n so v d i quang sat thdng t h u o n g ciia cac nude nen k h i sir d u n g cho l u y e n gang L d cao rat han che v a t i n h t h u o n g m a i ciia quang sat T h a c h K h e k h o n g cao" 3.2 D u b a o g i a b a n cua q u a n g s i t T h a c h K h e D o h a m l u o n g K e m ( Z n ) t r o n g quang s i t m d T h a c h K h e r i t cao ( Z n = , % ) nen nhieu T a p doan san xuat thep v a k i n h doanh quang s i t ciia cac n u d e t r o n g k h u v u c c h i m u a 765 Hdi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin md qudc vi sic phat le triin zuiu bin viing ve de phoi lieu voi cac loai quang sat co Zn thip Vl gia ban, cac tl chiic da khing dinh gia ban quang sat T h a c h K h e se k h o n g t h i bang gia quang s i t ( l o a i co c u n g h a m l u o n g Fe v a Z n thap) cua cac n u o c t r e n T h e g i o i Cac n u o c tren T h e g i o i da xac d i n h gia ban quang s i t t u y t h u o c vao h a m l u o n g sat (Fe) va h a m l u o n g cac t h a n h p h a n tap chat ( n h u Z n , P, M n , S ) t r o n g q u a n g s i t t h u o n g p h a m Tren nguyen t i c h a m l u o n g Fe cang cao v a cac p h i n tap c h i t t r o n g quang thap t h i gia ban quang sat cang cao T i r ket qua n g h i e n c u u gia quang sat cua cac n u o c tren T h e g i o i v a gia quang sat V i e t N a m x u i t sang T r u n g Q u l c giai doan 2000 - 0 , co t h i d l x u i t p h u o n g an xac d i n h gia quang sat T h a c h K h e d u a vao n h u n g c o so sau day: l D o quang sat T h a c h K h e co h a m l u p n g Z n = , % (cao h o n gap 10 l a n so r t y f r r quang sat t h u o n g p h a m cua n h i e u n u o c ) n e n k h a nang x u a t t h i t r u o n g T h e g i o i rat f r y r t che T r u n g Quoc la t h i t r u o n g co t i e m nang nhat n h u n g hp c u n g c h i m u a v o i so l u p n g che; H a m l u p n g Z n cao dan den t i e u hao n h i e n l i e u t a n g l e n T h e o bao cao cua voi han han cac chuyen gia V i e n T h i e t K e L u y e n k i m L e n i n g r a t ( L B N g a ) k h i d u n g quang sat T h a c h K h e de san xuat gang theo cong nghe L o cao t h i t i e u hao than Coc p h a i t a n g l e n k h o a n g 10%-15% so v o i quang co h a m l u p n g Z n t h i p * ' ' ' 3.Theo so l i e u t h o n g ke t r o n g v o n g n a m qua cho t h a y k h a nang tang dot bien gia r * y f* r quang sat xay k h o n g n h i e u v a mire tang t r u n g b i n h k h o a n g % / n a m Theo so l i e u thong ke gia quang sat t r o n g 05 n a m gan day ciia B r a z i n cho thay t i r n a m 2007-2009 gia c h i tang v o i m i i c % so v o i c i i n g k y n a m 2005-2006 K h i t i n h toan gia quang T h a c h K h e n g o a i viec p h a i trir cac k h o a n tang c h i p h i t i e u hao than Coc v a bao d u o n g L o cao (do Z n gay ra), p h a i l i y g i a thap h o n de t r a n h r u i ro truong h o p gia quang T h i g i o i g i a m V o i p h u o n g phap d i n h g i a n h u v a y v a can c u vao gia quang cua B r a z i n co t h i d u bao gia ban t r u n g b i n h quang s i t T h a c h K h e c h i l i y bang % % so v o i gia quang co cung h a m l u p n g s i t (Fe)) tren t h i t r u o n g T h i g i o i Nhu vay viec dinh gia ban theo phuong phap neu tren la phii hop va dam bao an toan cho D u an T r o n g qua h i n h t i n h toan h i e u qua k i n h t l I R R ciia D u an se p h a i t i n h gia theo x u the tang hay g i a m gia quang s i t t r o n g p h a m v i c o n g ( + ) v a t r i r (-) t o i % so v o i gia c o so dupe xac d i n h theo each neu h e n Ket luan va kien nghi 1) M o quang s i t T h a c h K h e da dupe n h i l u t l c h i i c t u v i n n u o c n g o a i n g h i e n c u u M o quang s i t T h a c h K h e la m o co t r u l u p n g I o n n h i t V i e t N a m , q u a n g co h a m l u p n g s i t cao (Fe > % ) D i l u k i e n dia c h i t v a dia c h i t t h u y v a n p h i i c tap, d i l u k i e n k h a i thac k h o k h a n , h a m l u p n g k e m cao ( Z n * 0,07%) nen gia h i su d u n g v a t i n h t h u o n g m a i ciia quang s i t T h a c h K h e b i han che 2) Du an khai thac mo quang sit Thach Khe co tinh chit chiln lupc va tim quan cho sir phat t r i i n nganh Thep V i e t N a m g i a i doan - 2 D u an k h a i thac m o co quan 766 Hdi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin mo qudc vi su phat ti triin 2010 bin viing he mat thiet v a h u u co v o i D u an N h a m a y thep l i e n h o p d u k i e n se dau t u x a y d u n g t a i k h u cong nghiep Cang V u n g A n g ( H a T i n h ) 4) T h i t r u o n g xuat k h a u quang sat m o T h a c h K h e c h i i y e u la T r u n g Quoc V i n h u cau sir dung quang sat ciia T r u n g Quoc rat cao, h o n the n u a c h i n h sach k h a i thac v a sir d u n g t a i nguyen h i e n ciia T r u n g Quoc la tang c u o n g nhap k h a u v a han che tang cong suat k h a i thac m o V i the de d a m bao "an n i n h n g u y e n l i e u t r o n g n u o c " viec xuat k h a u quang sat can phai cham d u t hoac c h i cho xuat k h a u d o i than Coc v a n g u y e n l i e u khac cho l u y e n k i m V i e t Nam 5) Sir d u n g quang sat T h a c h K h e de san xuat gang theo c o n g nghe L o cao h i e u qua k e m h o n so v o i cong nghe l u y e n k i m P h i coc N e u d u n g 0 % quang sat m o T h a c h K h e se khong h i e u qua bang viec p h o i t r o n quang sat co h a m h a m l u o n g Z n thap tir cac m o khac ciia V i e t N a m hay quang sat chat l u o n g cao nhap tir B r a z i n , U c v a m o t so n u o c khac i r r r 6) V i e c lira c h o n san p h a m k h a i thac v a che b i e n quang sat m o T h a c h K h e co v a i tro quan t r o n g d o i v o i d u an l u y e n k i m v a tac d o n g t o i h i e u qua ciia D u an k h a i thac m o : V i e c r t r r r t lira chon c o cau san p h a m quang sat neu t r o n g T h i e t ke k i thuat t h i c o n g v a T o n g d u toan ( T K K T T C - T D T ) ciia D u an k h a i thac v a t u y e n quang s i t m o T h a c h K h e p h u thuoc vao c o n g nghe luyen gang cua cac N h a m a y thep l i e n h o p H i e n t a i V i e t N a m chua co N h a m a y thep lien h o p v o i q u y m o cong suat I o n D u an dau t u nha m a y thep l i e n h o p hay D u an san xuat phoi thep bang c o n g nghe l u y e n gang L o cao hoac C o n g nghe P h i coc ( n h u C O R E X , M I D R E X F I N E X ) , v a y viec lira chon l o a i san p h a m quang sat T h a c h K h e p h a i p h i i hop v o i y e u cau c o n g nghe l u y e n gang V a n de C h i i dau t u can p h a i co y k i e n quyet d i n h de cac nha T u v a n lap T K K T - T C T D T D u an k h a i thac v a t u y e n quang sat m o T h a c h K h e K h i C h i i dau t u can p h a i dat cho cac nha T u v a n n h u n g y e u cau n h a m d a m bao dupe co cau san p h a m theo h u o n g n h u da neu m u c n h u sau: - Y e u cau n g h i e n c u u k y d i e u k i e n dia chat, cau t n i c than quang v a tinh chat (co, l i v a hoa) cua quang s i t T h a c h K h e d l t i n h toan l u a c h o n c o cau san p h i m p h i i h o p ; - Y e u cau k h i lap T K K T - T C - T D T p h a i can c i i n h u cau sir d u n g cho cac D u an dau t u luyen k i m t r o n g n u o c de lira c h o n san p h a m p h u h o p n h a m d a m bao h i e u qua d u an l u y e n k i m , dam bao D u an dau t u k h a i thac m o h i e u qua cao, phat t r i e n ben v u n g , tranh phai thay doi day chuyen c o n g nghe t u y e n gay lang p h i cho c h i i dau t u / 767 ... 20% Quang cue (30-45 - 10% Quang ca vua (8-30 - 70% Quang cam (0-8 mm) C h o san x u a t q u a n g v e v i e n • de - n g h e P h i coc: 20% Quang cue (30-45 - 10% Quang ca vira (8-30 - 70% Quang... xuat quang t h i e u ket; - Cho C o n g nghe P h i coc: San p h i m bao g m quang cue (khoang % ) v a quang m i n de san x u i t quang V e v i e n Lua chon san pham khai thac va che bien quang... h i e u quang cue Quang Oxit co the tuyen tir ket h o p v a i t u y e n lire, quang c u n g nen co the cho 02 l o a i san > • i f r r y pham la quang cue v a c a m (de san xuat t i n h quang thieu