NHAN filNH Oa BAO ThUc trang va giai phap an ninh nang lUdng d Dong A Moi quoc gia, dii gidu, hay ngh^o d^u coi vi^c ddm bdo ngu6n ndng luang Id tien de can thiet cho su phdt tri^n ben vufng cua minh[.]
NHAN filNH-Oa BAO ThUc trang va giai phap an ninh nang lUdng d Dong A Moi quoc gia, dii gidu, hay ngh^o d^u coi vi^c ddm bdo ngu6n ndng luang Id tien de can thiet cho su phdt tri^n ben vufng cua minh {)dng A hi^n Id mdt nhCng khu vUc cd mUc cau ve ndng lUdng Idn tren th^ gidi Trong tuong lai mdc cdu ndy se cdn tdng han nUa, cimg vdi sU phat trien manh me ciia cdc nen kinh te khu vUc Vi vdy, vi^c ddm bdo an ninh ndng luong dang ngdy cang trd nhiem vu cap bdch doi vdi todn khu vUc ndy THS HOANG M I N H H A N G Vl&n Nghl*n cihi Ddng B&c A ndng cao vdi ngdy cdng nhiiu ti|n n ^ phyc vy eudc sdng nhfl: diiu hod, tivi, tu Ignh, xe mdy An ninh nang lU^ng la gl? Do vdy, an ninh ngfldi si bi de dog ngjiilm trpng mdt ndng Ifldng khdng cdn An ninh ndng Idpng Id mpt khdi ni|m rdng vd md Nd bdt ddu dddc dl cap din kl td thdp niln 70 cda thl ky trddc, Xit d cdp nhd nddc, an ninh ndng Iddng Id tiin dl cho sfl d$c biet Id giai doan xdy cude khdng hodng ddu Ida ndm phdt triln bin vflng cda mdi qudc gia Dd Id vl sy ddm bdo 1973-1974 Thdi ky ndy, an ninh ndng Iflpng dflpc hiiu vl ndng Iddng se giup eho mpi hogt ddng eua qudc gia dn theo n ^ a h?p (ddng nghia vdi "an ninh ddu Ida"), tde Id djnh vd phdt triln Cdn ngddc lai, ndng Idpng ed nguy ddm bdo khd nang ty eung cdp ddu d mdc eao nhdt, ddng ed suy gidm thl mpi boat ddng eua qudc gia se bi ngdng thdi gidm mflc nhgp khdu ddu vd bem sodt dfldc nhflng tr^, ddn din nhiiu thi|t hgi vd cung nghilm trpng nguy cd di kim vi|c nhdp khdu Ddn cfl nhfl chi mdt phut mdt di^n, tdn thdt trin thi trfldng Tuy nhiln, nhflng thay ddi thi trfldng ddu giao djch chflng khodn cd thl tinh din hang ty dd la, cdn va cac dgng nang Iddng khde cung sd xudt hi|n nhiiu nguy cdc hogt ddng sdn xudt vd dich vy khdc eung ehi tfch cd nhd tai nan, chu nghia khdng bd, ddu td kIm vao ed tdc dy tdn thdt khd md tinh h i t sd tdng va thi trfldng hgn chi da khiln khdi ni?m khdng cdn phii hdp Chinh tam quan trpng cfla an ninh ndng Iddng nhfl vdy, nin hi^n vdn d l ndy dang dfldc mpi qudc gia ciing nhd Trdi qua nhiiu tranh luan, khdi ni^m "An ninh ndng Iflpng" mpi cd nhdn trin todn thl gidi hit sdc quan tam hi|n dflpc thdng nhdt: dd lasfl ddm bdo ddy dd ndng An ninh ndng Ifldng hi|n dang trd ihdnh mdt van dl toan cdu, Iddng dddi nhiiu dang khde nhau, sach vd rl bdi dl thflc hi|n nd mang tinh chdt xuyin qudc gia, ddi hdisd Cd thl ndi, bdi cdnh todn cdu hod nay, an ninh tham gia hpp tdc cua tdt cd cdc qudc gia tren thl gidi ndng Iddng eung nhy nhiiu vin dl an ninh phi truyen thdng khdc dang ndi lin nhd nhij&ig vdn dl todn edu hit sfle bflc thilt Trfldc hit, dd Id vai trd quyit dinh cua an ninh ndng Ifldng ddi vdi an ninh cfla mdi cd nhdn ngfldi va sy phdt triln bin viing cua tflng qudc gia Cd thl thay, ndng Iddng khdng nhiing gan Uln ma cdn cdi thien chdt Iddng eudc sdng cua ngddi Tfl nhung sinh hogt tdi thilu nhd an, d, din cdc hogt ddng lao dpng, vui chdi gidi tri eua ngfldi diu cdn din nang Ifldng^ Nhd cd nang Ifldng ma cude sdng ngddi cang dddc Khdng mpt qudc gia ndo trin thl gidi, du gidu mgnh din mdy cd khd ndng ty minh ddm bdo ddpc an ninh nang Iddng, md diu cdn ed sdhdp tde vdi ede qudc gia khdc, dgc bi|t Id bdi cdnh hi?n ma sfl phy thude gjiJa ede qudc gia dang ngdy edng gia tdng mgnh me Thyc tl dd chflng minh ed nhiing nfldc thddngxuySn xudt khdu nang Iddng cung cd luc lgi phdi nhdp khau nang Iddng vd sfl phy thudc vl nang Iddng gifla cdc khu vdc dang ddn din tinh trang an ninh nang Iddng d mdt qudc gia hi de doa ldp tdc se dnh hddng din an ninh ndng Iddng d cdc qudc gia khdc [18] NANG Ll/ONG VliT NAM Sd 87+88 (6+7/2012) Ngay nay, nguy cd de dog din an ninh nang Ifldng xudt Tuy nhiln, mflc dp da ehflng lgi ke tfl khu vflc hi|n mdt nhiiu khiln cho van dl cdng trd nin ldm vdo eudc khflng hodng kinh tl tram trpng nam 1997bdc thilt va ddi hdi sd hdp tde gidi quyit cda todn thl gidi 1998 vi mdt nin an ninh nang Iddng todn cdu Byde sang nam 1999, cimg vdi sy phyc hdi ddn ddn cua ThUc trang si!if dung nang lUcfng d cac ede nin kinh tl Ddng A cdu vl ndng Iddng d khu vdc bdt ddu cd ddu hieu tang trd Igi vd kl tfl dd din Uln tyc quoc gia Dong A nhuThg nam gan day cd sy gia tang manh me Nhae din cdc ngudn nang Iddng d Ddng A, thdng thddng Trfldc hit vl ddu, nang Idpng ddpc sd dyng nhiiu nhdt d ngddi ta ndi din ba ngudn chu yiu dd la: than, ddu vd Ddng A ga hay edn dddc gpi la "nang Iddng tam dgi vflpng" Trong ba ngudn nang Ifldng nay, than cd trd Ifldng nhiiu hdn cd, Tlieo sd U|u thdng kl, vdng nam kl td nam 2000 chilm khodng 14,6% trfl Ifldng than cfla thl gidi (1) - 2004, mdc ddu tiiu thy cua cdc qude gia Ddng A da tang Phdn Idn trfl Ifldng than d Ddng A tap trung d hai qudc gia la Trung CJude va Inddnexia Chflng logi than d ddy cung kha da dgng bao gdm: than non, antraxit, than dd, than den Lflpng than sdn xudt d Ddng A phdn ldn cung cdp eho cdc qudc gia khu vflc, chfl yiu la ede qudc gia hiem tdi nguyin nhy: Nhdt Bdn, Han Qu6c, chi xudt khdu mdt sd it ben ngoai 11,6%, tfl 17,190 trilu thflng/n^y, lin din 19,187 tti|u thflng/ngdy(Bdng l) Trung CJudc, Nhdt Bdn, Hdn Qudc la nhdng nfldc tieu thy ddu nhiiu hdn cd, chilm tdi gan 74,3% Ifldng dau tiiu thy cda todn khu vyc va 17,6% tdng lypng ddu tiiu thy cua thl gidi nam 2004 Dy kiln td din nam 2020, cdu vl ddu cda khu vyc se So vdi than, trfl lfli;fiig dau vd ga d Ddng A chi chilm mdt tang trung binh 4% mdinam,tflhdn 17 tri|u thdng/ngay, ty le hit sdc khilm tdn, khodng 3,35% vd 5,15% trfl IflOng lin hfln 28 trieu thimg/n^y vdo nam 2010 vd hpn 37 cuathlgidi(2) trieuthung/ngayvao nam 2020 Trong linh vflc dau, Trung CJudc vdn Id nfldc cd trfl So vdi ddu, than dfldc sd dyng it hdn, nhimg nhiing nam Iflpng Idn nhat d khu vflc, vdi 18,3 ty thung (3), sau la gdn day mflc tiiu thu than d Ddng A ciing ed sd gia tang Inddnexia vd Malaixia Dau cua Ddng A ddpc danh gid ed chat Idpng tdt, vdi ham Nam 2004, tdng mdc tiiu thy than cua khu vflc Id 1235,5 Iflpng Iflu huynh thap Mac du trfl Ifldng khdng Idn, nhflng ddn vi tfldng dflPng trieu tan dau Trong dd, Trung CJudc dau eua khu vyc ding da dflpc xuat khau sang mdt sd thi chilm khodng 77,4% (6) trfldng nhd: My, O c chu yiu dfldi hinh thflc ddu thd Ngoai Trung Qu6c, Nhat Ban, Han Qa6c vd Dai Loan Trong linh vfle ga, Inddnlxia Id qudc gia ed trfl Ifldng cung la nhiing qudc gia tiiu thy than nhieu khu vyc nhiiu nhdt khu vflc, ddng thdi eung la nfldc xuat khdu Thfle chat sy gia tdng mflc tiiu thy than cfla khu vflc ^ ldn nhat d ddy, vdi khdi Idpng xuat khdu rdng khoang chu yiu mflctieuthy than ldn cfla ede qudc gia nay, dgc 1,37 Tef (ddn vi tfldng dfldng vdi nghin t^ m^ bi|t Id Trung CJudc Nhin chung phan ldn Iddng ga dddc sd dyng khu vflc va xuat khau Id dfldi hinh thdc ga ldng (LNG) Than hien chilm 65% tdng mdc tiiu thy ndng Iddng cua Trung CJudc Ve dai hgn, nhu cdu ve than eua Trung CJudc se cdn tang dang kl, dy kiln se gap ddi vdo nam 2020 va dieu si ^ p phdn Idm tang mdc tiiu thy than chung cfla toan khu vflc Ddng A tddng lai Tfl dau thgp nien 90, sfl phdt trien kinh te manh me eua khu vflc dakhien cho cauvl nang Ifldng tang mgnh Trong giai doan td nam 1990 din 1996, tdng cdu nang Ifldng cfla ede qudc gia Ddng A tang bimgbinh 5,5%/nam,tirongkhi Mflc tieu thy gas thdp nhat ba loai nhiln hlu d mflc bimg binh cfla thl g?di la 1,5%/nam (4) Ddng A Theo sd Ueu thdng ke thi toan bp khu vflc da tieu thy hdn 21% Ifldng ddu, 7% Ifldng ga vd gan 35% Ifldng than eua ca thl gidi (5) Tuy nhien, cd nhieu ^ kiln cho rang, sap tdi vdi du dilm it tdc hgi din mdi trddng, gas se thay thl vi tii cua dau vd than trd thdnh ngudn nang Ifldng chinh cua khu vfle Sd 87+88 (6+7/2012) NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM [19] NHAN DINH-Dii BAO B i i n g 1: Mufc t i e u t h g d : u c u a D o n g A Qudc gia Trung Qu6c In-d6-n^-xi-a Nhat Bin Ma-lai-xi-n Phi-lip-pin Xing-ga-po H4n Q.u6c Dai Loan Thii Lan Cdc nuijc D6ng A khic KhuvT^cDAngA Tli^giAi Ban /; tri$u th^ng/ngAy 2000 2001 2002 2003 4,985 1,049 5,030 1,088 5,379 5,791 1,132 5,577 441 5,435 448 348 654 347 716 5,359 489 332 2,229 816 725 366 17,190 2,235 819 701 386 75,751 1,115 699 2,282 844 766 408 17,205 76,252 17,673 77,046 Thyc tl cho thdy, kl tfl cudi thdp niln 1990 ti-d lgi ddy, mdc tiiu thu gas eua Ddng A cd chilu hfldng ngdy cdng tdng manh Cd thl thdy cac ngudn nang Iddng truyin thdng d Ddng A diu la cae "ndng Iddng ndm dddi ddt" hay "ndng Iddng ham md" va khdng cd khd ndng tdi tao D l cd dfldc mdt md ndng Iflpng phdi mdt hang chye din hdng tram tri^u nam kiln tao dja ehdt, vi vgy nguy cd cgn ki^t cdc ngudn nanglddng ndy Id khdng trdnh khdi, nhdt Id tdc dp khai thdc cua cdc qudc gia khu vflc dang ngdy mdt tdng len Tren thl gidi ngydi ta dy dodn rdng vdi dd khai thdc nhd hien trfl Ifldng ddu md ehi edn dddc hdn 40 nam, ddt khodng 60 nam va than dd khodng 230 ndm (S) Cflng cd ddnh gid Igc quan hdn vl diu md nhfl sd U|u cda Ngdn hang the gidi eho rang trfl Ifldng ddu eua trai ddt cd thl cdn khai thac din 600 ndm nfla (9) Tuy nhiln, dfl thl 386 18,246 78,294 748 2,280 877 909 411 19,187 80,757 Ddng A mdc du trfl Ifldng cua cae ngudn ndng Iflrtig ndy khd ldn nhimg ciing chi chilm phdn ndo cua thl gidi, nen nguy cd can ki|t se sdm hpn nhiiu Cd nhiiu ly eua vile can ki|t nhanh ehdng nhflhg ngudn ndng Ifldi^ truyin thdng d Ddng A nhflng chfl yiu la hai ly sau: Dy kiln mflc tiiu thy ga cua cdc qudc gia Ddng A se edn tilp tyc tdng nfla (khodng 5-6% mdi nam, td eho din nam 2020) S^ cgn k i ^ ciia cac i ^ d n ndng Iddng truyin thdng 2,300 868 836 5,288 504 336 ndo di ehdng nfla, niu so thdi gian ndy vdi thdi gian dl hinh thdnh dfldc mdt md ndng Ifldng mdi thi chdc chdn lodi ngfldi se hit ndng Ifldng trfldc ed thl khai thdc tilp dfldc Niu nhfl ndm 1994, Iddng tiiu thy gas cfla cd khu vfle chi d mdc 144,7 Tcf, thi din nam 2004 da tdng len gdn gdp ddi, vdi 266,6 Tcf (7) NhUng van de dat doi vdi an ninh nang lUOng d Dong A hien 5,455 480 330 668 ^'M J 6,684 1,150 Thfl nhdt, boat ddng khai thdc ndng Iddng khu vflc edn bfla bai, hgn chi vl quy md vd td chdc VI dy nhd d Trung Qudc, cd din hang trim hogt ddng khai thdc than quy md nhd Cdn d Vi^t Nam va mdt sd nddc khde, nan "than thd phi" vdn dang tilp diln Idm rd ri ngjiiem trpng ngudn ndng Iddng Thd hai, vi phdn ldn cdc nddc khu vflc la nhiitig nfldc dang phdt triln nin trinh dd cdng ngji| edn th^ kIm, khdng khai thdc dfldc briet dl, bd phi nhiiu ngudn ndng Ifldng Ben canh dd ciing trinh dp cdng ngjie cdn thdp nen khd ndng th^n dd tim kilm cdc md ndng Ifldng mdi dl bd sung bi ban ehi, khiln eho ndng Iddng d khu vflc cgn ki^t nhanh ehdng Cho din va kl cd mddi, mfldi lam nam nfla eac nang Iflpflg truyin thdng chac chan van chilm phan ldn tdng mdc tiiu thy ndng Ifldng eua ede qude gia Ddng A, chinh vi vdy nguy ed can kiet cfla ede ngudn nang Iddng truyin thdng se cdn la mdt nhflng thdeh thflc Idn ddi vdi khu vflc tfldng lai [20] NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM Sd 87+88 (6+7/2012) Sflgia tang mflctieuthy nang Ifldng cfla cdc qude gia Q-ong md td khu vyc ndy tide tinh tdng sd dau thd nhdp khu vyc khdu tfl ben ngodi cfla Ddng A cd din 87-95% id dfldc nhdptijfTrung Ddng vd cung cdp cIio hdn 2/3 mflc tiiu Nhy tren da dl cap, nhiing nam gdn day, mflc tiiu tliy nang Idpng d khu vdc Chinh vi vay, nhiing bdt dn d thy nang Idpng cfla Ddng A ed sy gia tang manh me Diiu Trung Ddng se la didch didc vd cimg to ldn ddi vdi tinh ed ba nguyen nhan: hinh "an ninh ddu" mdt nhiing ngudn ndng Idpng M0t la, cdc nddc Ddng A vfla trdi qua eudc khflng ehd ehdt d Ddng A Hi|n tgi d Trung Ddng tdn tgi nliflng hodng tdi ehinh, dangtirongqud trinh phyc hdi nen tiiu bdt dn elilnh sau: tdn nhiiu ndng Ifldng Tdi? nhdt, trddc hit Id nhflng bdt dn vl chinhfl-i,qudn sfl Hai Id, cae nfldc dang phat triln khu vflc dang gifla cdc nydc khu vdc bddc vdo giai dogn dau eda qud trinh cdng nghi|p hod Trung Ddng tfl xfla da Id khu vfle thfldng xuyen dien chuan bi cho sd "cat cdnh" nen kinh tl nen sd dyng nhuhg tranh chap, xung ddt Lich sfl da chflng kiln khdng nhieu ndng Ifldng dl phat triln cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep biet bao nhieu cupe chiln tranh xdy d ddy, tiiu biiu phdi vd cd sd tdng kl din Id cac eudc chiln tranh dai ddng gifla nhd nfldc Ba Id, vile tri trp cap nang Iddng cung nhd sd Israel vd nhdn dan Palestine dyng cdc thilt bi vd nha mdy ldi thdi va kIm hi|u qud d Kl td sau Chiln tranh Lgnh, mgc du trin thl gidi xu thl cdc nddc dang phat triln Ddng A ldm Idng phi va rd ri boa binh ndi trdi nhflng d Trung Ddng cdc cude xung nhiiu nang Iflpng dot ed cii lan mdi van tilp tyc diln Cupc chiln tranh Mdc tilu thy ndng Iflpng Idn d Ddng A khdng chi dan din gifla Israel va Palestine dien triln mien sudt nhiiu nhiing vdn dl ve mdi trfldng ma quan trpng hdn ed la nd thdp ky Tilp la cac cude chiln tranh gifla Israel vdi de doa nghilm trpng den tinh hinh an ninh nang Iflpng d Syria va Lebanon, xung dot biin gidi thfldng xuyen gifla A Rap Saudi va Yemen, cude ndi chiln d Iran Tdt cd khu vflc cung khdng dapflngdu cau vl ndng Ifldng khiln cho Trung Ddng trd khu vflc bat dn nhat Cd thl thay nhfl Trung Qude hien la nfldc san xuat thl gidi hien dau ldn thd thl gidi nhflng cung ve ddu nfldc van khdng dap flng kip vdi cdu Kit qud Id kl tfl nam Thii hai, Id nhflng bat dn vl kinh tl 1993, Tnmg Qudc da phdi nhap khau mdt khdi Ifldng Sy yiu kem ve kinh tl va mdc tang ddn sd nhanh ke td eudc ddu Idn tfl Trung Ddng vd trd thdnh nfldc nhgp khau khung hodng ddu cudi nhflng nam 1970 dagdp phdn lam dau rdng Cflng tfldng tfl nhfl vay ddi vdi trfldng hdp trdm trpng them tinh hinh bdt dn vdn cd cua khu vfle cua Inddnlxia vd Malaixia la nhflng nfldc sdn xudt ddu vd gas ldn d chau A, khdng dap flng kip nhu cau ndi TTiu" ta, la bdt dn sfl can thiep cfla My vdo khu vflc kl tfl dia ve nhflng nang IflOng nin gan ddy cung bat dau sau sfl kien 11/9 phdi tang cfldng nhdp khau tfl Trung Ddng Dy kiln hai qude gia se trd nhflng nfldc nhgp khau dau Sfl ki|n khflng bd da khiln eho My trd nin quan tam hdn vl sy phd biin vu pha huy hang loat (WMD) vd sy lan rdng vai nam tdi rpng cfla chfl nghia khung bd d Trung Ddng My eho rang Tiin tdi mflc tieu thy nang Ifldng cfla Ddng A se cdn tdng Iran, Iraq va nhiing ke khung bd eiing vdi nhiing vii hdn nfla tde dp phat trien kinh tl va cdng ng^lp hod phd bdy hdng loat se la mdi sy de doa Idn ddi vdi kinh tl va nhanh ehdng cfla cae nfldc khu vflc, md chfl yiu la ehinh tri cda bdn thdn My va cae cddng qudc phddng Tdy, Trung Qude va cae nfldc Ddng Nam A An ninh ndng tfl dd da ed nhiiu hanh dpng can thilp gay xao ddng tinh Iddng cfla Ddng A vay tddng lai chac chdn se edn hi hinh khu vfle thdeh thfle nhieu Trfldc mat nhdng bat dn d Trung Ddng van chfla ed chilu hfldng gidm va bat cd luc nao eung se Id mdi de Tilth hinh bat dn d cac qudcgia Trung Ddng dog ldn ddi vdi an ninh nang Iddng cfla Ddng A, mdt Nhiing nam gdn ddy cd the thay eac nfldc Ddng A dang cac nfldc khu vflc van tilp tyc phy thude ngdy cdng trd nin phu thude vdo Trung Ddng hdn bao gid vao Trung Ddng hit mdc gia tang nhap khdu nang Ifldng, chfl yiu la ddu Sd 87+88 (6+7/2012) NANG Ll/ONG VIET NAM [21] NHAN O I N H - D I / B A O Vdn d l an todn v ^ chuyin trin biin ddu" kliu v^c, cdc qude gia ndy eiong dang bit ddu xdc till! cdc chddng trinh xdy dyng cdc kho dfl tifl ddu Sd phy thudc ngdy cdng ldn eua cdc nddc Ddng A vdo vi^c nhgp khdu ddu tflTrung Ddng da dfla dOii m^t thdeh thfle Vi dy nhfl d Tlidi Lan hi^n nay, chinh phfl dang phdi hdp nda eho an ninh ndng Ifldng cda khu vfle, dd Id vdn dl an vdi Cd quan ehinh sdeh ndng Iddng qudc gia dl tiin hdnh todn vgn chuyin trin biin tdng cddng chddng trinh xdy dflng kho dfl trfl gdm ba giai dogn Giai dogn mdt, se Id thilt ldp mdt h$ thdng ed thl Chung ta diu bilt dfldng biin Id dfldng ehinh dl dda tdeh cic kho i.\d trd tgm thdi vd bdt budc mdt edch ti^nhiln ddu cfla Trung Ddng din vdi Ddng A Cdc tdu chd ddu se mdc dd kho dy trfl bdt budc vdn khdng thay ddi tfl Vinh Ba Tfl vflpt biin A R4p vd An Dd Dfldng, qua eo Giai dogn hai, mdc dd kho dy trfl bdt budc se dfldc tang biin Malacca vd cudi eflng vddt biin Ddng vd Nam Thing lin S% (tfldng dddng vdi 36 ngdy tiiu thy ddu) Giai dogn Hoa \'do kliu vyc Do vdy, sy an todn cua dddng ndy ba, yiu cdu phdi xdy dyng mdt kho dy trfl ddu dde l4p cua ed vai trd quyit dinh ddi vdi viije ddm bdo "an ninh ddu" thinh phu dl tdng cddng mflc dytrflddutd 36 ngdy lin 51 eda Ddng A Tuy nhiln, hi^n an ninh cua tuyIn dfldng ngdytilii thy ddu vgn chuyin ddu ndy dang bj de dog bdi nhiiu nguy cd Ddi Loan, cflng vdi vi|c ehuyin sang ty nhdn hod vd bai Cd thl thdy trfldc tiin Id nhflng nguy cd nhd bao td ldm bd quy dinli ddi vdi cdng nghi|p ddu, vi$c tdi thilt cdc h^ ddm tdu hay nan cddp biin Nhiing eon sd thdng ko gdn thdng kho dy trfl ddu ciing dang dfldc xem xit Dy kiln day cho thdy eo biin Malacca Id ndi thddng xuyin xdy sau Dgo ludt kinh doanh ddu cd hi|u Iflc, Dai Loan ngn ddm tdu vd eflng Id ndi ed nan cddp biin lan trdn se bdt ddu xdy dyng kho dy trfl ddu cfla chinh phu tddng ThIm vao dd, hai qudc gia d hai bin eo biin Id Inddnlxia dddng vdi 30 ngdy tieu thy ddu ihiA gian ngdn dddi va Malaixia ludn ed nhflng bdt dn chinh trj nddc, sy kilm sodt cda Uy ban ndng Ifldng, mdt ddn vi cua Bd khiln cho an ninh dddng biin d khu vflc ndy hit sfle bdp Kinhtl binh Cdn d Trung Qude vfla mdi ddy chinh phu ciing da vgch Tuy nhiln, nghilm hdn phdi kl din Id nguy cd tinh khudn khd xdy dyng ede kho dy trfl ddu dl ddm bdo an trang xung dot tranh chap lanh thd trin biin cang ninh ndng Ifldng vd cd le si di trinh mdt ngjiiln cflu khd quyit hit gifla cac qudc gia Ddng A dang khiln dfldng thi cho Hdi ddng qudc gia vdo cudi ndm biin qua khu vflc trd nen phdc tap hdn bao gid h i t Tieu biiu la cae tranh chap gifla Trung Qude va Nhdt Bdn vi Ddi vdi Singapo, td nam 1998 Thu tfldng Zhu Rongji da dao Senkaku/Diaoyutai (Diiu Ngfl) d biin Nam Trung chi thi cho Uy ban Kl hogch vd Phdt triln qude gia xem xtt Hoa vd giiia Trung Qudc va Vi|t Nam vl cdc ddo Trfldng vi|c chudn bi h^ thdng kho dfl trfl ddu cung nhfl chuan bi cdc lu^t cin thilt ddi vdi v i ^ thilt l^p h | thdng kho dy trfl Sa vd Hodng Sa d biin Ddng ddu chinh phfl vd kho dy trfl diu bdt budc cua cdc cdng ty Mpt so gidi phap tang cUdng an ninh nang lUOng d Ddng A Tdng cfldng sfl d^ng nhOng ngudn ndng lxHfn% thay thl L^p kho di^ tru[ nang Ifldng Trydc mdt cdc ngudn ndng Idpng truyin thdng d khu vdc Mdt tiong nhiing gidi phdp trddc mdt md ede qude gia chfla cgn ki|t dfldc nhflng nguy cd ndy tfldng Ddng A edn thflc lii|n dd Id vi^c thdnh lap h? thdng lai nhd da ndi la chdc chdn, vi vgy gidi phdp sfl dyng cdc cdc kho dfl trfl nang Ifldng ma ehu yiu la cdc kho dy trfl ngudn ndng Ifldng thay thl ddi vdi cdc qude gia Ddng A ddu Day la giai phdp dl ddi phd vdi tinh trgng khdn cdp Id rdt cdn thilt Nd khdng nhiing giup klo dai thdi gian sii ed sy gidn doan cung cdp ddu td Trung Ddng eho khu dyng cdc ngudn nang Iddng tiuyln thdng, md cdn ddng vflc Mflc kho dfl trfl theo yiu cdu d tdng qudc gja gdp tieh cflc cho vi?c bdo vl mdi trfldng khu vflc cu thl va dddc tinh bang sd ngdy tiiu thy ddu rdng Hi^n nay, ngddi ta da tim rat nhiiu logi ndng Ifldng thay Hien nay, khu vdc Ddng A, trfl Nh^t Bdn vd Hdn thl nhfl: ndng Ifldng hgt nhdn va ede logi ndng Ifldng tdi Qudc cdn Igi cac qude gia khdc diu hdu nhfl ed it hoac sinh khdc nhfl nang Ifldng gid, nang Iddng mdt trdi, nang khdng cd eac he thdng dy trfl ddu Tuy nhiln, vdi nhdn Iddng nfldc, nang Ifldng sdng biin, nang Ifldng hydrd, thflc rd rang vl nguy ed cang ldn ddi vdi "an ninh nang Ifldng sinh khdi, nang Ifldng dia nhi^t Nhflng vi|c [22] NANG Ll/ONG VliT NAM Sd 87+88 (6+7/2012) sfl dyng cac ndng Ifl^g ndy van cdn rdt han ehi, ehd yiu Thd ba, tao diiu ki|n phdt triln nhiing dy an ehung ve ehi phi sfl dyng cdc ngudn nang lypng ndy cdn dat, lgi cung cdp ndng Ifldng cho toan khu vyc Vi dy nhy dy dn ddi hdi den nhflng ky thuat eao ciing nhy trang thilt bi xiy dyng dydng dng dan gas xuyen qua tdt cd eac qude hien dai md cdc nydc khu vyc, hdu hit Id cdc nydc gia khu vyc dang phdt triln khd ldng ddp dng dfldc Thd tfl, gidm thilu nhiing bdt ddng gifla cdc qude gia cd Dl edi thiln tinh hinh trfldc mdt se cdn nhiiu khd thl dnh hfldng din an ninh ndng Ifldng khu vflc Chang khan Tuy nhien, gin day ed thl thdy triln vpng sfl dyng hgn thyc hien eac bi|n phdp xdy dflng ldng tin gida cdc nang Iddng hat nhan nhy la ndng Ifldng thay thl ehinh d nfldc khu vflc, tang cfldng ddi thogi gida cdc nddc khu vflc dang ed sfl phdt triln Khdng kl ede nin kinli tl tranh chdp vl cdc khu vflc trin dfldng vdn chuyin ddu phdt trien nhfl Nhat Bdn, Han Qudc vd Ddi Loan dang ngdy cang gia tang vi?e sfl dyng ndng Ifldng hgt nhan tiong Hi^n ed chi dfl kiln ed thl Id mdt Td ehflc ndng Ifldng cdc nhd may dien, ede nfldc dang phdt triln khdc tiong Ddng A (EAEO) vdi thdnh vien la toan bd ede qudc gia khu vflc cung dang bit diu chuan bi dfla nang Iflpng hgt tiong khu vflc nhdn vdo vile sdn xudt di|n nfldc Vdi tdc phdt triln manh me cua cdc nfldc khu vflc nhy hien nay, cd thl ndi chac chan rang nhiiu Xdy dling mdt cd chi h ^ tac an ninh ndng Ifldng todn ndm tdi ndng Idpng se vdn edn ddng vai trd hit sfle quan khuv\rc tipng Do tinh chat xuyen qudc gia cfla van dl ndy nin Xay dflng mdt ed ehi hdp tdc an ninh nang Iflpng toan khu bi|n phdp tdt nhdt dl an ninh nang Ifldng dddc ddm bao vflc cd the ndi la mdt gidi phdp mang tinh tdng thl ddi vdi dd la ben canh nhflng gidi phdp rilng cua tiing qude gja, vile tang cfldng an ninh nang Ifldng cua khu vflc Ddng A edn ed mdt sy tdc ehdt che cfla toan khu vflc Unh vflc hien Vdi eP chi ndy, cdc qudc gia Ddng A se ed the nang Iflpng trao ddi kinh nghiem ciing nhd hd trp lan viec ddi phd vdi nhdng nguy cd lam suy gidm an ninh nang Nhdn thfle rd dieu nay, 15/1/2007 nhdn dip Hpi Iddng khu vflc, td dd giup eho an ninh nang Idpng cfla khu ng^ thflpng dinh Ddng A Ian thfl hai, eac qudc gia vfle dfldc tang cfldng Cy thl eP chi ndy se cd nhi|m vy: vien da TuyIn bd Cebu vl an ninh nang Iflpng Ddng A, khIng dinh lai cam kit tip thl ve dam bdo an ninh nang Thfl nhat, dam bdo an ninh nang Ifldng cho cdc qudc gia Iflpng cua khu vflc, ddng thdi dda eac myc tieu va bien khu vflc Neu qudc gia ndo cd nguy cd suy gidm an phdp thdc hien eu the Hy vpng rang vdi sy hdp tde ninh nang Ifldng thi cdc qudc gia khdc se cd trach nhiem van di an ninh nanglddng cua Ddng A bfldc dau se dflpc giup dd bang mpi bien phdp nhfl tai chinh, ky thudt de gidi quyit gdp phan ddm bdo eho sfl phdt trien bin viing an ninh nang Ifldng cfla qudc gia dd lgi dddc dim bao nhfl eua todn khu vfle tfldng lai bildc Tai li§u tham khao: Thfl hai, thuc day hdp tde gifla eac qudc gia vl ndng Iddng Adiole Emmanuel Energy Insecurity and Multilateral CooperaHon Tiiu bieu la viec thfle day hq^ tdc gjfla cac qudc gia gidu In East Asa UNU^AS Working Paper No 46 February 1998 BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2005 nang Ifldng nhflng thilu tiin vd cdng nghl dl khai thdc vdi Domingo L Siazon Energy Sercunty and tt)e Pos^bility of cac qudc gia thieu nang Ifldng nhiing cd khd nang dap dng Nuclear Power in Asia Speecti in Tol