NGHliN CUfU TRAO Ddi PHAT TRIEN BUONG CHAY DANG TICH DUNG TRONG NGHIEN CU''''U M 6 PHONG SU* CHAY DIESEL DEVELOPING A CONSTANT VOLUME COMBUSTION VESSEL FOR SIMULATED DIESEL COMBUSTION RESEARCH Nguyen Ngo[.]
NGHliN CUfU-TRAO Ddi PHAT TRIEN BUONG CHAY DANG TICH DUNG TRONG NGHIEN CU'U M PHONG SU* CHAY DIESEL DEVELOPING A CONSTANT-VOLUME COMBUSTION VESSEL FOR SIMULATED DIESEL COMBUSTION RESEARCH Nguyen Ngoc Dung', Nguyen Qudc TanS TS Nguyin Khac Hudn^ ^Phdng Thi nghiem Trpng diem Ddng cd Ddt trong, Khoa Ky thudt Giao thdng, Trfldng Dai hpc Bdch Khoa TR Hd Chi Minh ^Khoa Xe may, Trfldng Si quan Cdng binh Viic nghiin ciiu Ung dung nhien lieu sinh hgc tren ddng cd diesel hien dang dUdc xem Id mdt nhiing hudngphdt triin chinh nhdm viec gidm thiiu sUphu thudc vdo ngudn nhiin liiu hda thach, gidm phdt thdi d nhiim mdi tnidng Bdi bdo ndy tdp trung vdo md td viic phdt triin budng chdy dang tich nhdm phuc vu cdng viec thiit ki, chi tao md hinh buong chdy Budng chdy dang tich dddc phdt triin nhdm viic md phdng sU chdy ddng cd diesel Bdng viic thay doi diiu kiin mdi chdt vd qud trinh phun, ta cd thi md phdng dUdc cdc dnh hudng ciia dp sudt, nhiit do, thdnh phdn d xy (EGR), qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt triin tia phun, qud trinh hda trdn len dac tinh qud trinh chdy, dac tinh phdt thdi ciia ddng cd He thong budng chdy bao gdm cum budng chdy, he thdng tao hdn hdp, hi thong khudy, he thong ddnh lHa, hi thing phun nhiin lieu, hi thong vd xit l^ s6 liiu Viic nghiin cdu phdt triin budng chdy Id tiin di viec phdt triin cdc n^ien cdu cd bdn vi sU chdy, ddng cdvd nhiin liiu thay thi tai Viit Nam Tfl khda: Buong chdy dang tich, md phdng sU chdy diesel, thdi gian chay tre, nhien lieu thay thi ABSTRACT The application ofbiofuels on compression-ignition engine is considering as one ofthe most important direction in solving dependent on fossil fuel and reducing air pollution The main objective of this paper is described the development of constant-volume combustion vessel owing to its design and manufacture - The vessel could simulate environment and condition similar as shown diesel combustion By changing ambient and injection conditions, the vessel could simulate the effects of ambient pressure, ambient temperature, oxygen concentration (EGR), spray penetration and development, mixture formation on combustion and emission characteristics The constant-volume vessel includes combustion chamber, mixture preparation system, stirrer system, ignition system, fuel injection system and data acquisition system The research of I developing constant-volume vessel contributes for the development of fundamental research on combustion, engine, and alternative fuels in Vietnam Keywords: Constant-volume combustion vessel, simulated diesel combustion, alternative fuel TAP CHf CO KHf VlfeT NAM • Sd (Thdng nam 2013) "^ NGHIEN ClJfU-TRAO Ddi Gidl THIEU Nhien lilu cd ngudn gdc hda thach Id ngudn ndng Iflctng chinh cung cdp cho qud trinh phdt triln cua nhdn loai II] Troi^ nam 2006, vile ddt chay cac ngudn ndng Ifldng cd ngudn gdc hda thach ddng gdp hdn 85% tdng sd ngudn ndng Iflpng cua the gidi Vdi sfl phat trien cfla cdc nin kinh tl ldn, ddc bilt la Trung Qudc va An Dp, nhu cau vl ndng Ifldng cd ngudn gdc hda th^ch ngdy cdng tdng cao Theo dfl dodn cfla td chflc ndng Ifldng thi gidi, tinh tfl nam 2006 din 2030, nhu cdu ndng Ifldng thi gidi se tdng khoang 44% Trong dd, nhu cau tfl cdc nfldc dang phdt triln tang 73% cdc nfldc phat triln tdng 15% 12] Mac dfl ddng gdp to ldn vao sfl phat triln cfla nhdn loai, vile sfl d\ing ngudn nhiln lilu hda th^ch hiln dang gay cdc van dl rat ldn vl kinh tl, xd hdi, tfl nhiln, mdi trfldng dflpc san xuat tfl dau thflc v^t hay md dpng vdt VI phfldng diln hda hpc thi biodiesel la hdn hpp methyl ester cua nhflng axit beo dfldc tao tii cdc loai ddu thflc vat (dau dfla, ddu Jatropha curcas, dau ddu nanh, ddu cp, dau cai 14], 15], [6], cdc ngudn ddu tai che qua trinh chl biln thflc phSm tfl cdc nha hang (recycled cookmg oils) [7], [8] hoac ddu tfl md ddng vat [9] Ddu biodiesel dflpc oxy hda vd chfla khoang ll%oxy [10] Biodiesel cd tilm nang rat Idn dung lam nhien lilu thay thi nhiln Ueu diesel truySn thong sfl dung cho dpng cd Cd hai tilu chudn phat trien dau diesel sinh hpc chinh Id ASTM-D 6751 d Hoa Kjf vd EN14214 d Lien minh chdu Au Theo do, qua trinh sdn xudt diesel sinh hpc bat dau tfl ddu thflc vdt nguyin chat hodc cdc chat beo da qua sfl diing Cac cau true phdn tfl phdn nhanh ldn cua dau thflc vat dfldc chuyen sang cdc cau true phan tfl mach thang, ngan hdn gpi la cac ester methylhodc ethyl gidng nhfl cac phdn cda ddu diesel hod thach Qua trinh biln d6i ester hoa can cd cdn (thfldng Id methanol hodc ethanol) de lo?i bd glycerol khdi dau thflc vdt Hai san pham chinh cfla phdn flng la glycerol vd ester a-xit beo - FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, biodiesel), Id hai chat cd each pha tdch bilt vdi pha ester C4 glycerol vd Ifldng methanol cdn dfl qud trinh ester hod cd the dfldc thu hdi va sfl dimg lai cac ngdnh cdng nghiep my phdm va dfldc pham Viec dot nhiln Ueu cd ngudn gdc hda thach thdi mdi trfldng mdt Ifldng ldn cac chat gay d nhiem, dang phd huy tram trpng mdi trfldng sdng, gay biln ddi h^u va Id mpt nhflng nguyin nhdn chinh dan din cac tham hpa thiin tai nhflng nam gan day [3] Ngodi ra, nhiln Ueu cd ngudn gdc hda thach la cdc loai nhien Ueu khdng tdi sinh, viec sfl dung can kilt ngudn nhiln U|u ndy cung dan din cdc vdn dl rat Idn ve kinh tl, chinh tri vile dam bao sfl phdt triln bin vflng cfla cac qudc gia Van dl ddm bao an ninh ndng Iflpng cung nhfl gidm d nhiem mdi trfldng Nhiln Ii|u biodiesel cd toe dp ldo hoa ao, dang Id cdc thdch thflc hang ddu cho cdc qudc nd bat ddu xudng cap vd tao thdnh cac chat I^g gia, cdc chuyen gia nghiin cflu ngdnh Nang dpng cd thi lam hfl h | thdng phun nhiln lieu Ifldng, ngdnh Nhiln lieu va ngdnh Ddng cd Nhiln lieu biodiesel dflpc khuyin khich sfl dung vdng thang sau ngdy sdn xuat vd phdi ddm Rat nhilu cac biln phap, giai phdp da bdo han chl tdi da sfl tiep xuc vdi dnh sang, khing dfldc dl xuat, trien khai flng dyng Trong dd, cd va nfldc Chat Ifldng dau diesel smh hpc dU^ cdc nghiin cflu vd phdt triln cac loai nang Ifldng coi la mpt ylu td quan trpng ddc tinh lao mdi, nang Ifldng tdi tao (new/renewable energy) hod va nd dnh hfldng den he thdng nhien lifiu cia thay the nhien lieu cd ngudn gdc hda thach Bin dpng cd Ngoai ra, tinh chat ddc trflng, biocanh dd, nghien cflu vl viecflngdung biodiesel la diesel hoat dpng nhfl mdt chat hod tan Mpt slcfc mdt nhflng nghiin cflu ndi bat Unh nghien cfla chi vile sfl dyng pha biodiesel vSo vflc nghien cflu, tim kilm ngudn nhiln lieu thay nhiln lieu diesel truyen thdng cd thi tdc dpng Iam thi cho nhiln Ueu diesel truyln thdng hfl hdng chat nhfla tong hdp va cao su ti^ nhi^ trin dfldng dng nhiln U|u Sfl tilu chudn ho^|^ Biodiesel Id mpt loai nhien lilu cd tinh ylu cau vl chdt Ifldng nhiln Ueu dfl^c coi la Jw chat tfldng dflOng vdi nhien lieu dau diesel nhflng bfldc quan trpng de phdt trienflngdung biodiesd T^P CHi CO KHI V I £ T NAM • S6 (Thdng nam 2013) NGHIEN CUTu - TRAO D O I Ngudn nguyin U|u sdn xuat ddu diesel sinh hpc hiln d cac nfldc di tien phong chu ylu Id bdn loai dau thflc vat: Ddu hat cdi chiem gdn 85%, dau hat hfldng dfldng, dau d^u tfldng va dau cp 111] Cac nguyin lieu cdn Iai dflpc san xuat tfl dau hat lanh, md bd, vd md rdn tdi che Tuy nhiln, bdn lo^i dau thflc vat chinh sfl diing dl san xuat ddu diesel sinh hpc dang dflpc trdng chd ylu cho nhu cau thflc pham cua ngfldi vd gdp phdn gian tilp den khung hodng Ifldng thflc thi gidi Vien Ky thudt Bandung Id mdt nhflng trung tdm dau tilnflngdung dau cay Jatropha vao nghiin cflu sdn xudt biodiesel vdi muc tilu giam sfl phu thudc vao cac ngudn nguyin lieu canh tranh vdi thflc phdm ngfldi [12] Ddu cfla cay Jatropha chfla toxalbumine, cdn gpi la "curcine" la chat ddc, khdng thi dung cho thflc pham Sfl khao sat vl cdc dac tinh nhiln lieu cda ester-methyl va ester-ethyl tfl Jatropha da cho nhilu kit qud hfla hen vd vile dp diing nhiln Ueu biodiesel san xuat tfl dau cdy Jatropha kha tdt, dap flng tot cho vile flng dung trin ddng cd diesel truyln thdng [13] Ngodi ra, cdc chat beo ddng vat va ddu cd la san pham phu tfl cac nganh cdng nghiip danh bat va che biln thuy sdn ddy Id ngudn nguyen lieu hfla hen cho sdn xuat biodiesel v\ gid cua chflng thap Cac chdt beo vd ddu cd ngudn gdc ddng vdt da dfldc thfl nghiem ldm nguyin lilu san xuat alkyl ester, bao gdm md bd, md heo, dau ca Tuy nhiln, dau diesel sinh hpc sdn xuat tfl cac chat bio dpng vdt cd mpt sd nhflpc diem nhat dinh phan a xit beo va dp bdo hod cao ddn din dl ddng dac, ldm tdng nhdt ddng hpc cao nhiet dp xudng thap vd tinh dn dinh d-xy hda thap Vn dilm cua dau biodiesel la gidm dang ke thai (Cacbon monoxide - CO, Hidrocacbon - HC, Particulate matter - PM) cua ddng cd gdp phdn lam gidm hi|u flng nha kinh [14], [13], cd thi sfl dung trflc tilp cho ddng cd diesel ma khdi^ cdn phdi cai tao [15], [16] ,cddd nhdn cao hdn ddu diesel, tang tinh an toan bdo quan va van chuyen (cd dilm chdp chdy cao hon) Vl nhflng flu dilm trin, dau biodiesel dflpc xem la ngudn nhiln lieu thay the phu hpp, tdi flu vd dapflngdflpc ylu cdu cap thilt cho sfl phdt trien ngdnh Ndng Iflpng cua nhan loai tflpng Iai Cd nhilu yeu td dnh hfldng din sfl phdt trilnflngdung nhiln Ulu sinh hpc nhfl dia ly cua tflng qudc gia - khu vflc, hdu, ngudn nguyin vat Ueu phuc vu cho nhu cau san xudt thflc phim cua ngfldi Di sau cdc nfldc vile phdt triln nhien li|u sach, Vilt Nam cung da dat dflpc nhflng thdnh tflu bfldc dau vile nghiin cflu chl biln dau thflc vilt, md dpng vat thdnh ddu diesel sinh hpc Chung ta dd nghien cflu vd chiit xuat cdng dau Biodiesel tfl dau ml, md cd basa, cd tra, dau an thai tfl nhd hang, xi nghiip chl biln dau thflc phdm Tfl thang 8/2006, hi thdng sdn xudt nhiln lieu biodiesel tfl ddu an phe thai vdi cdng suat tdn/ngay dd dfldc trien khai tai Cdng ty Phu XflOng, qudn Thu Dflc, TP Hd Chi Minh Ngoai ra, rong tdo Vi$t Nam cung Id ngudn nguyin lieu dl sdn xuat diesel sinh hpc Nhflng kit qua nghiin cflu cho thdy nhilu ddng tao phu du nudi trdng cdng nghiip cho sdn Ifldng biodiesel cao gap Idn so vdi dau cp dilu ki^n quang canh, va din 31 lan dflpc tham canh dat din 95.000 lit dau Biodiesel trin mdi hecta mat nfldc Tuy nhiln, nhiln lieu biodiesel sdn xuat nfldc vdn cdn giai doan thfl nghiem Bi biodiesel trd thfldng pham nhfl cdc nfldc tiln tiln van cdn nhilu vi|c phdi lam nhfl xac dinh tinh tfldng thich cua cdc ddng cd, cd sd tang bao qudn, van chuyen va dich v\i cung cdp loai sdn phdm cd chat Iflpng kim dn dinh ndy \nec san xuat vdflngdiang nhiln Ulu biodiesel trin ddng cd gap phai mdt sd van dl khd khan vl chat Iflpng cung nhfl chi phi sdn xudt, can phdi dfldc giai quylt trfldc sfl dyng rdng rai loai nhiln Ulu ndy thi trfldng Vilt Nam Ddu Biodiesel tfl md cd ba-sa, ddu thai tfl ndu an, dau Jatropha cd chi sd cetan thap, dp nhdt ddng hpc cao, thdi gian Iflu trfl ngan Vi nhflng dac diem trin, vile sfl dung Biodiesel hiln van dang bi gidi han so vdi ddu diesel thfldng phim Dd cd nhilu nghiin cflu tap trung gidi quylt nhflng van dl tren, nhflng vdn dl Uen quan den vile cai tiln chat Iflpng cung nhfl chi phi sdn xuat nhien U|u [14] Tuy nhiln, cac nghiin cflu ndy chi chflng minh nhflng phdt triln mdi trin khia canh thay ddi chat Iflpng hdn hdp Biodiesel din qua trinh oxy hda nhi|t dO ddng dac cung nhfl cdc ddc tinh cfla nhiln lilu TAP CHf CO KHf VI$T NAM • Sd (Thdng nam 2013) NGHIEN C I T U - T R A O D O I Rat nhilu cac nghiin cflu thflc hiln vile flng dung biodiesel trin dpng c0 ddt Cdc nghiin cflu thdng thfldng thflc hien viec ddnh gid ve dac tinh cdng suat, dac tinh thdi cua ddng cd sfl dung nhiln Ulu diesel truyln thdng va sfl dung biodiesel hodc hdn hdp cua nd [12], [17] Thdng qua qua trinh thfl nghiem, cdc phdn tich dfldc dfla nhdm tdi flu hda ddng ca cung nhfl danh gia anh hfldng cua viec sfl dyng biodiesel lln cdc chi tilt ddng cd [18] Mdt sd cac nhd nghiin cflu cung thflc hien vile ddnh gid dac tinh qua trinh chdy ddng cd sfl dung nhiln Ueu biodiesel thdng qua viec phan tich qua trinh chdy cua nd [4], [15] ddng cd bang each phdn tich dfl Ulu cam bien dp suat Cac nghiin cflu dfldc thflc hiln trin dpng ca diesel hiln hflu Ddng cd ndy dflpc chuyin ddi qua sfl dung biodiesel thdi gian ngan qud trinh thfl nghiem va sau dd boat ddng trd Iai vdi nhien U|u diesel truyen thdng cd dang phdt trien rat manh cdc phdng nghien cflu ve chdy tgi Nh^t Ban vd My Cdc phdng thi nghiem manh cd thi kl nhfl PTN vl chay tai D?i hpc Hiroshima, Dai hpc Kyoto, Dgi hpc Tokai, Dai hpc Waseda, Dai hpc Doshisha, Dai hpc Wisconsine Hang nam, cdc PTN xudt ban hdng trdm cac bai bdo khoa hpc nghiin cflu ve qua trinh chay dpng cd, nhiln lieu bang vile flng dflng budng chdy dang tich ndy Cdc nghiin cflu ca bdn ve qua trinh hinh vd phat trien tia phun nhien lilu' thdi gian chay tre vd ddc tinh bien ddi qua trinh chay sfl dung biodiesel trin budng chay ding tich cdn rat han chl Hien tai, chi cd mot sd nghien cflu tfl Nhdt Ban, dac bilt tfl Trfldng ©ai bpc Kyoto thflc hiln cdc nghiin cflu cd ban viec phdn tich thdi gian chdy tre va'qud trinh chdy nhiln U|u biodiesel sdn xuat tfl dau dn phe thai trin budng chay dang tich [19] Trong viec flng dyng nhiln lieu biodiesel tfl md ca ba sa, ddu cdy Jatropha, rong biln tai Viet Nam cdc nghien cflu cd ban vl phan tich qud trinh chdy, thdi gian chdy tre la cflc kjf quan trpng Cdc sd lieu thu dfldc tfl nghiin cflu Id nin tang, cd sd can ban cho vi|c phat triln ddng ca (dac bilt dpng ca may ndng nghiep sdn xuat tfl nha may Vikyno) sfl dung nhiln Ulu biodiesel tai Vilt Nam Muc tilu chinh cua bai bao la trinh bay Iy thuyet cd bdn nhim muc tilu nghiin cflu phdt triln, chl tao budng chay dang tich phuc vu cho cdng vile nghien cflu, ddo tao tai Vilt Nam Vile thflc hiln cac nghiin cflu cP ban nham cai thien qud trinh chdy, nang cao ndng sudt, hilu suat sfl dung nhiln U|u dpng cd ddt la mpt nhflng hfldng nghiin cflu quan trpng, thu hflt rdt nhilu cdc nha khoa hpc vd ngoai nfldc tham gia Trong vile nghiin cflu qua trinh chay dpng cd diesel, vile sfl dung budng chdy thong nhat ldm cdng cu nghien cflu, phdt triln, md phdng qud trinh chdy dpng CP diesel Id mdt nhflng phat minh dot pha cda ngdnh Naber J D y Siebers D L [18] Id hai nhd khoa hpc tai phdng thi nghi|m qudc gia My (Sandia National Laboratory) vile phdt trien budng chay thdng nhdt (constant-volume 2.COS6Lf THUYET vessel) vile md phdng qua trinh chay 2.1 Qua trinh chay doi^ cd diesel Budng chdy dang tich Id cdng cu rat manh giflp vile tiln hanh nghien cflu cd ban, thflc Qud trinh chay ddng cd diesel Id nghi|m vd md phdng cdc qud trinh biln ddi, sfl qua trinh chdy khdng dong nhat Nhiln Ueu dfldc chay dpng cd ddt [19] Thdng qud phun sfldng vao budng chay dpng cd d cudi qua budng chdy ndy, ta cd thi thflc hi|n cac nghien trinh nen vdi dp suat va nhi|t dp budng chdy nam cflu thflc nghiem, cd bdn vl qua trinh hinh khoang •;• MN/m^ va 700 ^ 900K Dfla phdt triln cua tia phun nhiln lieu, qua trinh chdy, vao sfl biln thiin dp sudt vd nhiet dp xylanh qud trinh hinh thdnh hdn hdp ddng cd die- cd thi chia qud trinh chdy dpng cd Diesel sel [20-25] Hiln tai, viec flng dung budng chdy Iam bdn giai doan va dflpc bieu diln hinh thdng nhat vile nghiin cflu qua trinh hinh [24] thdnh va phat triln tia phun, qua trinh chay ddng TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM • Sd (Thdng nam 2013) NGHliN cflu - TRAO DPl thdi gian chay tri dai, giai doan ndy cung cd the dflpc xem nhfl giai doan chay chinh, phan ldn nang Iflpng tda thdi gian ngan lam tdng dp suat vd nhilt dp ddt ngdt ddn din tiing dn vd phdt thdi NOx cao ddng cP diesel Giai doan chdy chinh dflpc tinh tfl luc dp suat xylanh d^t gia tri cflc dai cho d i n luc nhilt dd xylanh dat gia tri cflc dai Khi hdn hpp cdng tdc chu yeu dflpc chdy giai dpan Tdc dp gidm dan ndng dO dxy giam San Hinh 1: Cdc giai doan chlnh qud trinh chdy vat chay tang lln va nhilt dp tda giai doan dgng cd diesel: giai dogn chdy tri, giai dogn chdy nhanh,ndy la Idn nhat Nhilt dp xy-Ianh van tilp tuc giai dogn chdy chinh vd giai dogn chdy rdt 124] tang nhflng dp sudt ben xy-Ianh giam tang sp sudt chdy khdng bu Iai sfl giam dp suat pitGiai doan chdy tri (ignition delay) Id giai tdng di xudng Giai dpan chay chinh chilm khoang doan dau tien chuan bi hinh thdnh cdc tdm chdy (40 -^ 50)% Ifldng nhiln U^u phun vao budng dot Giai doan chay tri dfldc tinh tfl luc bat dau phun ddng cd Dac trflng cho giai dogn ndy Id nhilt dp nhiln Ulu cho d i n xuat hiln cac tam chay dau cflc dai tien hoac dfldng dp suat sfl chay nhien Ulu tach khdi dfldng dp sudt nen Thdi gian chdy tri Giai doan chdy rdt Id giai doan chdy phdn dai hay ngan se dnh hfldng todn bd din qud trinh hdn hpp cdng tdc cdn lai Giai doan dfldc tinh chay Thdi gian chay tre dai de dan din sfl chay kich k l tfl nhilt dd xy-Ianh dat gid tri c\ic dai nd, la nguyin nhan gdy tiing dn va phat sinh cho din kit thdc qua trinh chdy va nhiln Ulu NOx ddng ca diesel Ngflpc Iaii> thdi gian chay chfla chay h i t d ba giai dpan trin sl chay d giai tre qua ngan, nhiln lieu se chdy sau phim dpan ndy Nhiln lilu chdy giai dpan chdy rdt vao budng chdy, lam giam cdng suat cflc dai dpng chilm khoang (10 -^ 20)% Tdc dd chay d giai dpan ca Thdi gian chay tri phy thupc vao rat nhilu cac rdt chdm thilu d-xy, nhilu sdn phdm chdy ylu td nhfl: tinh chat nhiln U|u, nhi|t dp vd dp suat budng chay tai thdi diem phun nhiln U$u, dd rdi Qua trinh chdy cfla ddng ca diesel bi anh cua ddng khdng budng chdy, thdnh phan hfldng bdi rdt nhilu cdc ylu td nhfl: Gdc dat kun 6-xy budng chdy vd dd phim tpi sfldng cua phxm, tinh chat nhiln U|u, dp sudt vd thdi diem nhiln lieu (dfldng kinh va dp suat phun) phun nhiln li|u, ti sd nin, kit cdu budng chay, sd Giai doan chay nhanh (rapid combustion) la giai doan phat trien cac trung tam bdc chay vd lan tran mang Ida Giai dpan ndy ke tfl dfldng ap suat chay tach khdi dfldng dp sudt nen cho din dp sudt xy-lanh dat gid tri cflc d^ Trong giai dpaii nay, phan ldn nhiln Ulu phun vao giai dpan trfldc dflpc bdc chdy vi da dflpc chuSn bi va ca mdt phan nhiln Ueu mdi phun vdo d giai dpan II dd dflpc bay hdi vd trpn kip thdi cung dflpc bdc chay, n i n tdc dp bdc chay tang lln rat nhanh, tdc dd tda nhilt ldn, nhiet dd va dp suat tang nhanh Nhi|t Ifldng tda giai dpan chiem khoai^ 1/3 nhilt Ifldng cung cap NIu vdng quay ddng cd, dilu kiln nap mdi Khi thay ddi mdt nhflng thdng sd se anh hfldng din giai doan chay tre vd anh hfldng din cac ddc tinh vl sfl chdy, ddc tinh cdng suat va ddc tinh thai ddng ca Do dd, viec nghiin cflu cdc anh hfldng lln dpng cd diesel rdt khd, tdn kem va ddi hdi mat rat nhilu thdi gian 2.2 Md phdng sfl chdy d^ng cd diesel Nhfl da phan tich d phan trin, rat nhieu cdc ylu td dnh hfldng din sfl chdy nhien U|u diesel dpng cd D l giai quylt van d l nay, Iy thuyet v l qud trinh chdy hai giai doan md phdng sfl chdy"^^ TAP CHf CO KHf V I £ T NAM ••* Sd (Thang ndm 2013) NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOI dpng cd diesel dfldc dfla nham ddn gian hda vile nghien cflu qua trinh chdy ddng ca diesel Ban chat cua nguyen ly ndy Id tao mdi trfldng dp sudt vd nhiet dd tfldng tfl dilu kien cudi qua trinh nen va d thdi dilm phun nhiln Ueu Dilu kiln dp suat vd nhi|t dp mdi trfldng budng ddt dfldc trinh bdy bang Hinh trinh bay v l dfldng cong dp suat md phdng qud trinh chdy dpng ca diesel Qua trinh chdy hai giai doan ndy dfldc tao budng chdy dang tich Dinh dp suat dSu tiln dflpc tao sfl ddt chdy cua hdn hdp hda CjH^, Hj, O^ vd N^ Thdnh phan hdn hdp hda dfldc tinh todn va nap vao budng chdy d l sau ddt chay phan hdn hdp nay, san pham phan flng phai cd phan d-xy tfldng tfl nhfl dilu kiln thflc t l cua ddng ca Ap suat vd nhilt dp c\}c dai budng chdy giam dan sfl truyen nhiet cua mdi chat thdnh budng chdy Khi dp sudt va nhilt dd gidm d i n dilu kiln xdc dinh (tham khdo bang 1, vi du Pc = MPa, Tc = 900K), nhien Ueu diesel se dflpc phun vao budng ddt Nhiln Ulu se tfl hda hdi, hda trdn, va tfl bdc chdy tao dinh dp sudt thfl Qud trinh chay giai doan dp suat thfl hai md phdng qud trinh chay mdt chu ky cua ddng ca diesel Thdng qua vile thay ddi dp suat va nhilt dp budng chay (tdi, cdng suat dpng cd), thay ddi phan d-xy (tfldng flng vile thay ddi ti le EGR), thay doi dp sudt phun, dfldng kinh Id phun ta cd md phdng hau nhfl todn bd cac qua trinh chay cua dpng cd diesel thflc tl Hinh 2: Su biin thiin dp sudt buong chdy ddng tidi HE T H N G BUONG CHAY DANG Cf CH Hinh trinh bdy sd nguyin ly boat ddi^ cua budng chay dang tich Budng chay bao gdm cac van nap thai de nap hdn hpp hda tao mdi trfldng md phdng qua trinh chdy dpng cd diesd vd thai Idii diay b i n i^odi Bugi dung d l ddt hdn hdp hoa va tao mdi trfldr^ nhilt dO vd dp suat tfldng tii cudi qud trinh nen ddng cd Trong budng chay cd gan he thong khudy (stirrer) d l hda trdn hdn hpp vk tao rdi cho ddng k h i Cam bien dp suat dfldagan tren budng chay de va phdn tich qua trinh chay ben dpng CP Hai mat b i n budng chdy dflpc Iam bdng tinh t h i thach anh, giup cho vile quan sat va chyp anh budng chdy bang phfldng phdp bong Bdng 1: Nhiet vd dp sudt cuoi k^ nen ddng cd diesel Loai dpng cO Ap suat P^ (MPa) ' IDI Nhi$t d6 T (K) 750 + 1050 DI 700 + 900 DI tang ap 800+1100 3.5 + 6.00 5+10 3.5 + Hmh 3: Sd nguyin ly he thing budng chdy ddng tidt 3.1 Cym he thong h d a tr0n n h i e n l i l u He thong tao hdn hpp (pre_mixed tank) la h i thdng dung d l tao mpt hdn hop cdc chat TAP CHf C O KHf V I £ T NAM • Sd (Thdng ndm 2013) NGHIEN cau-TRAO DOI vdi phdn so moi cdc chat dfldc tinh todn vd an dinh san, de sau qud trinh chay hon hpp cac chat cho dilu kiln md phdng tflpng tfl nhfl cudi ky nen ddng cd diesel Cac CjH^, H^, Oj, Nj tfl cac bmh chfla dflpc dfla din mdt binh hda trdn cd dfldng kinh Id 15 cm, chilu dai cua binh la 40cm, tdng thi tich sap si khoang 7000cm' Binh hda trdn ndy cd dp suat chfla Idiodng 4,5 MPa dfl dl ddpflngdu Iflpng cho nhieu ldn thfl nghiem Cac sau hda trdn dfldc dfla vao budng chdy thdng qua van nap vd dflpc ddt chay theo phfldng trinh phan flng sau: 2.15C2H^ + 5.33H^ -t- 29.900^ + 62.41N^ -> 21.000, + 64.19N -1- 1.23C0, +9.87H,0 3.2 He thdng khuay hon hdp H| thdng khuay hdn hpp cd tac dyng md phdng dd rdi tfldng tfl dilu kiln rdi budng chay ddng ca Ngoai ra, he thdng khudy hdn hpp dam bdo trang thai cdn bdng nhanh chdng gifla nhi$t dd hdn hdp hda trdn va nhiet dp thdnh budng chdy qud trinh nap day hdn hpp vdo budng chdy Tdng tdc dp Ian truyln mang Ifla qua trinh chay hdn hdp hda trdn dl tao mdi trfldng thfl nghiim mong mudn Gifl nhiet dp budng chdy mdt each ddng diu sau ddt chay hdn hpp hda trpn din thdi dilm phun nhien Ulu (diesel) Day la muc tilu quan trpng nhdt giup dilu kien md phdng qua trinh chdy ddng cd mpt each chinh xdc nhat 3.3 He thdng cung dtp nbiln Ulu H| thdng cung cdp nhien lieu cd nhiem vu phun nhiln li|u vao budng chdy Tuy theo tflng loai nhien lieu ma ta cd he thdng cung cap nhiln lieu tfldng flng Niu can md phdng ddng ca sfl dyng h | thdng phun nhien lieu trflc tilp ta cd the thay kim phun vdo budng chdy cung vdi mOt sd chi tilt phy trp di kem He thdng phun dau di|n tfl common raU cai tiln dflpc sfl dyng de phun nhiln lieu long vao budng chdy He thdng common rail dflpc cai tien dl cd the thay ddi dflpc Ifldng phun, dp suat phun Ngodi ra, kim phun cung dflpc hi|u chinh, sfl dung loai kim phun mdt Id tia vdi cdc dfldng kinh Id tia khac 3.3 HI thdng danh liJta, dp suat budng chay HI thdng danh Ifla thfldng dflpc sfl dyng dl ddt chdy hon hpp hda budng chdy nham tao mdi trfldng ap sudt vd nhiet dp cao Tin hieu ddnh Iflu dflpc tao tfl bp dilu khien trung tdm Ngodi ra, budng chay cdn trang bi cam biln dp suat de sfl thay ddi dp suat bin budng chdy tfl dd chuyen doi cdc thdng so vl sfl chay cua nhiln lieu KET LUAN Bai bdo tap trung md td nguyin ly vd hoat ddng cua budng chdy dang tich nham phat trien, che tao md hinh budng chdy tai Viet Nam Bai bdo dflpc tdm tat nhfl sau: - Qua trinh chay dpng cP diesel cd thi dflpc md phdng hodn toan bang budng chay dang tich Vile sfl dung budng chay nghien cflu se giup gidm thdi gian va chi phi viec nghiin cflu, phdt triln dpng cd diesel - Bang viec thay ddi dilu kiln mdi trfldng budng chay, ta cd the tien hanh cac nghiin cflu vl kilu loai chay mdi ddng cd diesel nhfl dpng ca diesel chdy tai nhilt dp thap, dpng cP chdy hdn hpp ddng nhat, ddng cP chay bang each dilu khien toe dp phan flng - Budng chay dang tich cd thi md phdng nghiin cdu sfl thay ddi phan EGR, dp suat va nhilt dp budng chdy (tai vd tdc dp), dilu kiln phun nhien lieu ddng cd diesel - Budng chdy dang tich giflp qud trinh nghien cflu phdt triln, flng dyng cac loai nhien lieu mdi, nhiln lieu thay thi ddng cd diesel mdt each nhanh vd hilu qud hdn Ldi cam dn: Nghiin cflu dflpc tdi trp bdi Dai hpc Qudc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh (VNU-HCM) khudn kho dl tdi ma sd C2013-20-06 Tdc gia xin chan thdnh cdm dn sfl hd trp kinh phi tfl^ ditdi.*:* TAP CHf CO KHf VI$T NAM V Sd (Thdng nam 2013) NGHliN Cflu - TRAO Od\ Ngay nhan bid: 08/5/2013 Ngiy phan bite: 12/6/2013 Ngtifti phan bien: TS Nguyen Chi Tinh, Tnidng Dai hpc M6 - Dia chSt Tai li^u tham khao: [11 Fossil fuels; http://en.wildpedia.org/wild/FossiI_fuel ,,0 ^ •• IT »« imo [2] EIA, "Energy InformaUon Admtaistration - EIA - Official Energy Statistics from die U.S Govenmient, 17-May-2009 [Online] Available: 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Oil on a Direct Injection Diesel Engine (DI)," SAE Paper No 2007-01-2025, Jul 2007 114] Y Yoshimoto, Terformance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel Derived from Different Vegetable Oils and the Characteristics of Combustion of Sin^e Droplets," SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, vol 2, no 1, pp 827-838, Oct 2009 [15] K W Scholl and S C Sorenson, "Combustion of Soybean Oil Methyl Ester in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine," SAE Paper No 930934,1993 [16] K R Iman, I H A A Hanif, M R Hidayat, R B Tirto, T S Seorawidjaja and A Wiranto, "The Performance and Exhaust Emission of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Fuel from Crude Palm Oi (CPO) and Refined Bleach Deodorized Palm Ofl (RBDPO)," Proceeding in FISITA 2004 World Automotive Congress, Bachelona, May 2004 c [ 17] K R Iman, E B Tirto, A Wu-anto, S Rey, and H Ogawa, "The Combustion and Exhaust Gas Emission of a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine Using Physic Nut Oil (Jatropha Curcas L.oil)," SAE Paper No 2007-01-3622, Aug 2007 [18] K Nakamura, M Shioji, M Ikegami, Y Hanada, and M Matsushita, "Influence ofthe Biodiesel 'Tempura Oil' in Diesel Vehicles," The 2nd Joint International Conference on "Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE 2006)", Thailand, Nov 2006 [19] N D Nguyen, I Hiroaki, andM Shioji, "Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of FAME from Edible Oil," presented at the The 5th International Conference on "Combustion, Incineration/Pyrolysis and EmissionControl (i-CIPEC 2008), Chiangmai, Thailand, 2008 [20] Naber J-D, Siebers D.L (1996) "Effects of gas density and vaporization on penetration and dispersion of diesel spraysr SAE Paper 960034 [21] Abraham J., Pickett L.M (2010) "Computed and Measured Fuel Vapor Distribution in a Diesel Sprayr Atomization and Sprays 20:241-250 [22] Aziroov U, Kawahara N., TomitaE., Tsuboi K (2010) "Evaluation ofthe Flame Lift-off Lengdi in Diesel Spray Combustion Based on Flame Extinction," Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, VoL 5(2), pp 238-251 [23] Bajaj C , Abraham J., Pickett L.M (2011) "The Role of Vaporization in Determining Transient Diesd Spray Structiuri' Paper to be presented at the 23rd annual ILASS Americas meetit^ Ventura, CA, May 15-18 :•'• [24] D Zhen, T Wang F Gu, B Tesfe and A Ball, "Acoustic measurements for the combustion di^nosis of diesel engines fuelled with biodiesels," Meas Sci TechnoL, vol 24, no 5, p 055005, May 2013 ^ H TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM • S6 (Thang nam 2013) ... hoac ddu tfl md ddng vat [9] Ddu biodiesel dflpc oxy hda vd chfla khoang ll%oxy [10] Biodiesel cd tilm nang rat Idn dung lam nhien lilu thay thi nhiln Ueu diesel truySn thong sfl dung cho dpng... nghien cflu vl viecflngdung biodiesel la diesel hoat dpng nhfl mdt chat hod tan Mpt slcfc mdt nhflng nghiin cflu ndi bat Unh nghien cfla chi vile sfl dyng pha biodiesel vSo vflc nghien cflu, tim... nhiln lieu diesel truyen thdng cd thi tdc dpng Iam thi cho nhiln Ueu diesel truyln thdng hfl hdng chat nhfla tong hdp va cao su ti^ nhi^ trin dfldng dng nhiln U|u Sfl tilu chudn ho^|^ Biodiesel Id