U PHAN RAG THAI S INH HOAT TIEN TOI QUAN LY RAC REN VUNG 0 HUYEN HOA VANG (THANH PHO DA NANG) Nguyen Trung Dung'''' Tom tit Do thi hoa, ldng ddn sd vdphdt triin kinh ti duac coi la nhirng tdc nhdn chinh[.]
U PHAN RAG THAI SINH HOAT - TIEN TOI QUAN LY RAC REN VUNG HUYEN HOA VANG (THANH PHO DA NANG) Nguyen Trung Dung' Tom tit: Do thi hoa, ldng ddn sd vdphdt triin kinh ti duac coi la nhirng tdc nhdn chinh cua qudn ly chdt Ihdi rdn (SWM) & chdu A vd khu vuc Thdi Binh Duang Nhimg yiu td ndy kit hgp v&i day mgnh viic lieu thu/ditng vd Id nguyen nhdn ddn den "birng nd" phdt thdi Theo Uy ban Kinh te vd Xd hpi chdu A vd Thdi Binh Duong cua LHQ (UNESCAP), & cdc nuac kem phdt triin khu virc thi hdm lugng chat hiru co aong chal thdi cao (70-80%) Luang chdt thdi ndy co thi gidm thiiu thong qua it phdn tgi chd vd co nhiiu ldc dung ddi v&i moi truang, sinh thdi vd kinh tl Bdi bdo ndy dua tren ca sa sd lieu nghien cuu^ thirc dia di ddnh gid khd ndng u phdn rdc thdi sinh hogt a sdu xa cita huyen Hda Vang (TP Dd Ndng) vd di xudt gidi phdp thuc thi nhdm qudn ly rdc thdi ben vicng Tir kboa: Rdc tlidi rdn sinh hogt, uplidn, qudn ly rdc thdi I RAC THAI SINH HOAT - THACH THUC CUA THE KY 21 Trong the ky 21 rac thai ran dang la mdt thich thiic Idn toan eau Chimg bi loai bo qua trinh sdng, sinh boat, boat dgng san xuat eCia ngudi Nhieu nghien ciiu da dua cac eon sd thdng ke cho thiy tinh trang dang bao dgng Trudc het mgt xu the chung la Iugng rac gia ting vdi sy birng no dan s6, phit trien kinh te va ehuyen ddi tir xa hdi cong nghiep sang xa hoi tieu diing Hinh the bien mdi quan he giira thu nhap ciia nen kinh te qudc dan (the hi?n bang chi so GDP) va lugng rac thai dau ngudi Vdi mifc thu nhgp tren 23.000 USD/ngudi nam lgi cho thay hai thai cyc: lugng rac tren 450 kg/ngudi dien hinh la USA (ben phai dd thi) va ngugc lai la Nhat Ban (ben trai dd thi) Nhd quan Iy tdt chat thai ran va ap dung triet de chuang trinh 3-R (giam thieu, tai che va tai sir dung) nen Nhat Ban la mgt nhirng nudc da cd nhirng tich tdt theo Id trinh phit trien ciia nen kinh te xanh Neu tinh lugng rac thai theo dau ngudi theo WB (2012: 9-10), eac nudc khdi OECD gdm chau Au va Bac My cd sd cao nhat, 2,2 kg/ngudi va chiem 44% tong lugng rac thai toan cau Giiia liic dd cic nude Nam A chi cd 0,45 kg/ngudi va 5% td.ig lugng (Bang vi Hinh 2) Viet Nam va Trung Qudc cd chi sd GDP cdn thap song lugng rac thai cao Theo UNESCAP, chat thai ran tai eac qudc gia kem phat trien va cd thu nhgp thap khu vue dugc dae trung bdi ham lugng huu ca cao, chiem 70-80% tdng sd chat thai Con sd cho thay trien vgng sing siia de ip dyng cic phuang phap tai che nham giim thieu chit thai ran Song nhilu nai chinh ' Khoa Kmh te vd qudn ly, Dgi hoc Thiiy lai quyin dja phuong vin thyc hanh giii phip tmyen thdng (xir Iy triet de din cuoi eiing) rat tdn kem Trong bdi canh chung do, Viet Nam dang ddi mat v&i nhiing thdch ihicc sau (theo ban tin ciia Dai sii quan Dan Mgch, 2012): -16 so 98 bai rac tap trung cd diy du dieu kien de chdn lap rac mdt cich an toan va hcrp ve sinh Rac thai cdng nghiep va sinh boat dugc chdn chung - Cac nganh cdng nghiep hang phit thai 13.100 tan ma dd 20% li rac thai nguy hai Lugng rac cdn tiep tuc gia tang - Cac hd gia dinh d thi va ndng thdn hang tao 35.100 va 24.900 tin/ngay Trong nam nim tdi lugng rac thai se tang gap ddi - Mac dii viec thu gom chat tbii da dugc cai thien dang ke thap ky qua, tir 60% den 82% d khu vyc thj va tir 20% den 50%i d khu vyc nong thdn, song Viet Nam vin phai ddi mat vdi nhifng thach thirc viec xii ly chat thai dting qui cich va chua cd the bien ric thai tien Hinh 1: Quan hi giiia GDP vd hcang chdt thdi rdn ddu ngu&i (UNEF-Report, 2011: 295) KHOA Hpc K? THUAT THUY \Sf\ VA MOI TRl^fNG • s6 42 (9/2013) Hinh 2: Phdn bd lugng rdc thdi theo khu vuc theo WB (2012-9-10) Bdng 1: Lugng rdc phdt sinh theo ddu nguai (kg/ngu&i/ngdy) theo WB (2012: 9-10) Bien Bien Trung thap cao binli Nam Phi va can Sahara 0,09 3,0 0,65 Dong A \k Thai Binh Duong 0,44 4,3 0,95 Vien Dong v^ Trung A 0,29 2,1 1,1 Nam M? v^ Caribil( 0,11 14 1,1 Trung v^ Bjc Phi M^ 0,16 5,7 Cic nu6c OECD 1,1 0,12 3,7 1,1 2,2 5,1 0,45 Vung \k khu v\rc Nam A khai thac hgp ly thinh phin mdi trudng, ip dung cdng nghe tien tien, cdng nghe sach, tan dyng chat thii, tiet kiem nguyen lieu, sir dyng nang lugng tii sinh, ehe pham sinh hgc nghien cihi khoa hgc, san xuat va tieu diing Ric thii ciia hd gia dinh cd thu nbap cao khac vdi ric thii ciia hd cd thu nbap thap Ric thii hd tbi khac ric thii hd ndng thdn Theo Agamuthu (2007: 15-16) cd bdn nhdm yeu td dieu chinh viec phit thai cung nhu quin ly chat thii ran gdm: - Con ngudi (miic sdng, siie khde, giao due va nhan thiie) - Kinh te (dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi, viec thu Igi tir rac) - Chinh sach qudc gia bio ve mdi trudng - The che (ea sd phap ly), uy tin vi lgi nhuan kinh doanh, nghien ciru khoa hgc Theo Qui dinh A W ve danh muc phan loai chat thii ciJa chau Au va Dire (Verordnung ilber das Europaische Abfallverzeichnis - AbfallverzeichnisVerordnung) thi rac thai sinh boat co kha nang ii phan la 20 01 08, 20 02 0! va 20 03 02 (Bang 2) Bdng 2: Danh muc rdc ihdl theo qui dinh A VV ciia Chdu Au vd Diic Rac thai sinh hoat Cac th^nh phan c6 the phan loai r Bai bao tdng quan ve van de rac thai va kha nang ii phan tir ric thai gia dinh qua thye te khao sat tai huy?n Hda Vang (Thanh phd Da Ning) II PHAN RAC THAI HUU CO - MQT GIAI Chat thai nha bep va cSng tin co the phan huy bin" sinh hoc C^c chat thai vy6n v^ cong icn (kc chat thai tiic^c nghTa trang) PHAP M [ T R U Q N G VA KINH T E Theo Nghj djnh 59/2007/ND-CP (ban hanh 19.04.2007), chdt thdi rdn la chit thii d the rin, dugc thai tir qua trinh san xuit, kinh doanh, dich vy, sinh hogt hoac cac hogt dgng khic Chat thai ran bao gom chat thai ran thdng thudng va chit thai ran nguy hai Chat thii ran phit sinh hoat ca nhan, hg gia dinh, nai cdng cdng dugc ggi chung la chit thii rin sinh hogt Chit thii ran phat thai tir hoat dpng sin xuit cdng ngbi?p, lang nghe, kinh doanh, djch vy hoic cic hogt dgng khic iKiac ggi chung la chat thai rin cdng ngbi?p Theo Dieu 20, chat thai rin thdng thudng tir tat ci cac ngudn thai khic dugc phin logi theo bai nhdm chinh: (i) Cac chat cd thi thu hoi de tii sir dyng, tii che vi (ii) cac chit thai can xir ly, chdn lap Chat tbii hiJu ca (cic logi cay, la cay, rau, thye pham, xac dgng vat, ) thugc nhdm Theo Dieu 11 thi Nhi nude khuyen khich va tao dilu ki^n cho to chirc, ci nhan vi?c sti dung va 20 02 01 Cac chat thai co the ii phan 20 03 Cac loai chat thai sinh hoat kh^c 20 03 02 Rac thai cua cha Cd the phan rac thai miu xanh (vat lieu non mem) vi rac thai mau nau (vat lieu gii dai) (Hinh 3) Hai logi rac thai cd chira ham lugng cac bon vi nita khac Cac bon va nita deu can thilt cho sy sinh trudng cua vi sinh vat Cic bon huu CO (chiem khoang 50% cac te bao vi sinh) cung cap ca nang Iugng va vat chat tgo te bao co ban Niia la phan khdng the thieu cita chat dam, axit amin vi enzyme can thiet cho te bao sinh trudng vi hoat ddng Khi lya chgn vat lieu lam phan ii, dieu quan trgng la phai can nhac ty le giiia tdng lugng cic bon vi tong lugng nita vat lieu, dd li ty le C/N Cic loai vat lieu u dugc vi khuan va vi sinh vat hogi myc mgt thdi gian nhat djnh Sii dyng cic ^ Ngucm: Bai "Lam u phan xanh that don gian", online: http://www.vietnamorganic.vn/chi-tiet-tin/I77 KHOA HQC K? THUAT THUY LQI VA MOI TRl^WG - S6 42 (9/2013) nguyen lieu diu vao khic se cbo nhiing phim khac Phin u re tiln, dl lam va cd tic dung cai thien thd nhuong va cau true dat, giu im cbo dit, giup ciy trdng hip thy dinh duang dat dl dang ban, giam bdt sau benh va cai thien chat lugng cay trdng Rac th^i mau nSu IS ngudn g6c cua cac bon va cung d p nang lagng cho VI smh vat RSc IJiai mau xanh cung cap ni to va la ngudn g6c d§ tao protein cho vi sinh vat hoat dong nhSm phan huy r^c - c i , la c3y co dai Mi6 - Ram - Vo cay, dSm bao - C^nh ciy kh6 -Gilyvun - L6i ngo v4 thSn cay -La cay - Ba che - Ba cS phe -Cay hang rao -Hoa qua xanh va rau - Co xanh -Lfing.toc Hinh 3: Rdc thdi mdu xanh vd ndu^ U phan tir rac thai bim ca la mdt giai phap dugc ea sd phap ly qui dinb vi theo mgt so nghien ciiu nhu Renkow va Rubin (1998: 339-347) thi nd dgt dugc nhieu myc dich: sinh thii moi trudng va kinh te HI NGHIEN c i r u VE RAC THAI RAN SINH HOAT HUYEN HOA VANG 3.1 Huyin Hoa Vang vd boi cdnh ngltiin ciru Hda Vang la huyen nhat d ngoai d Thanh phd Da Nang, gom 13 xa: Hda Xuan, Hoa Chau, Hoa Phudc, Hoa Lien, Hda San, Hoa Thg, Hda Phong, Hda Phii, Hda Bac, Hda Ninh, Hda Khuong, Hda Nhan va Hda Tien Trong xa dirge chgn nghien ciru (Bang va Hinh 4) Mdt tieu dy an ECUD/GIZ (dy in "-Phdt n-iin thi Dd Ndng than thiin v&i moi Iru&ng vd hdu" eiia Diic) ve quin ly chat thii dan sinh se dugc thyc thi d xa Hda Chiu, Hda Tien va Hoa Phudc, Cdn ba xa Hda Nhan, Hda Phong va Hoa Khuang la xa kiem chimg va tiem nang Xet ve dien tich ty nhien thi Hda Phudc la xa nhd nhat va Hoa Khuang Idn nhat (Bang 3) Xet ve dan sd, xa Hda Tien cd din sd ddng nhat va Hda Phudc thip nhat Ba xa nhdm nghien cim nam gin TP Da Ning, dgc theo qudc Id QLla va co nhirng dae dilm ciia mdt khu vyc dd thj md rdng va ngoai d phd Ba xa thudc nhdm kiem chirng co eac dac tinh cua mgt khu vyc ngoai d va ndng thdn giap danh (dien tich dat ndng nghiep cao) Ci mdi xa cua nhdm nghien ciiu thi Sd Tai nguyen va moi trudng Da Nang chgn ngau nhien ba thon de tht diem phan loai vi thu gom chat thai ran: - Xa Hoa Chiu: thdn Duang Son, Ddng Hda va Quan Chau - Xa Hda Phudc: thdn Mieu Bdng, Cdn Mong va Giang Nam - Xa Hda Tien: thdn La Bdng, Yen Ne va Le Son Cho den chin thdn da tien banh thi diem mgt sd bien phap cai thien ve sinh mdi trudng, vi du thu gom rac thai thudng xuyen, td chirc cac diem thu gom rac thai Bdng 3: Dien lich ddi ciia xa nghien ciru & huyin Hoa Vang'' TT Clii lieu Dien ticK dat tir nliien (ha) Diit nong nghiep (ha) Dat phi non^ nghiep (ha) Dat chua sir dung (ha) So thon quan ly Mhom nghien ctru Hoa Hoa Chau Tien 910,2 1449,5 295,8 804,5 520,7 534,7 93,7 110,3 11 Hoa Phirac 693,9 191,6 416,4 85,9 10 Nhom kiem chirng Hoa Hoa Nhon Phong 3259,4 1854,0 2408,4 1034,2 722,7 733,8 128,3 86,0 15 15 Hoa Khuang 5087,2 4023,6 950,7 112,9 11 Huyen Hoa Vang 73488,7 65316,0 7271,0 901,7 ^ Ngudn: online: http://156.98.19.245/compost/ ^ Nguon: Nien giam thong ke huyen Hoa Vang nSm 201! KHOA Hpc KY THUAT THlJY iq\ VA MOI TRUifNG • s6 42 (9/2013) • '1 V ^c= ^ * - ^ - = = i ; ^ v;*' ,_^-f*^ IHDBbaa rH6ATHQTAT lif V ,-*- —5^T^ii-,=s==* -^=^\/, ' r X H6APHor*G J: \ /- - ' " " ' ~ ^'^^ •• r C^ X*^ ? ) ' 11 X H * T * I J)~JH /L^Qji •** J ^ X HdA KHUDMG ° • J , ^ ^ 1:1 //;/;/i •/.• Saw ^o cua sdu xd khdo sal nghien '" "a"** jr ciru & huyen Hda Vang (duac khoanh Iron) 3.2 Ket qud kiem todn rdc thai cua hp Trong thing 12.2012 nhdm tu vin SDCC (xem ECUD/GIZ-Project, 2012) da ti€n hanh khao sat 747 hg dan bing diSu tra thdng ke vdi bang hdi hg gia dinh va kilm toin 98 mau ric thii (36 mlu thugc nhdm nghien ciiu va 62 thudc nhdm kiem chiing) Mpt so ket qui kiem toan ric thii nhu sau (Bang 2): -Tuinilon: 33 miu nhdm nghien ciiu (91%) cd till nilon vdi mgt trgng lugng trung binh 0,7 kg, 53 mau nhdm kiem chirng (85%) vdi trgng lugng trung binh 1,2 kg Can luu y, cic xa cita nhdm kiem chirng, vi?e thu gom rac thii khdng dugc thudng xuyen, thudng 1-2 lin mdi tuan, nen trgng lugng ciia bao ric thudng Idn ban -Gidy/bia carton: 28%) sd miu ciia nhdm nghien TT 10 11 12 13 14 15 ciru vi 52% nhdm kiem chirng -Ld cdy vd rdc vir&n: Al% sd mau nhom nghien ciiu co rac thii vudn vdi trgng lugng trung binh 1,3 kg va 62%i nhdm kiem chiing vdi kg -Rau: 35-36%) mau d ca hai nhom nghien ciiu deu cd rau vi trai cay -Thirc dn thira: ISVo cac mau nhdm ngliien cCm cd thuc an thira, so vdi nhdm kiem chiing chi cd 14% Ly cho sy khac bi?t la ty 1^ hg gia dinh cd chin nuoi nhdm kiem chiing cao ban Trong thio luan nhdm d nhdm kiem chimg nhirng ngudi tham dy cho biet, thiic in thira va cac Ioai rau cu qua khdng nem vao tin rac thai hang va chiing deu dugc sir dyng Iam thiic an cho gia siic gia cam Bdng 4: Cdc thdnh phdn chinh Irong rdc thdi ran hdng ngdy ciia hd gia dinh (98 mau rdc) Nhom nghien ciru (kg) voi N=36 Nhom kiem chimg (kg) v6i N=62 Trung Toi Trung Toi N N Toi da Phg sai Toi da binh Ihieu binh thieu 0,4 Thiic 3n thira 1,2067 5,4 0,2 4,0 1.6 1,1 22 Rau 13 0,9 0,5331 2,0 0,3 8,3 0,5 1.8 0,5588 53 0,2 5,0 Tui nilon 2,0 0,7 33 0,1 1.2 0,0000 2,0 0,5 0,3 0,7 Tro than, ciii 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,1989 0,2 10,3 GiSy 0,8 33 10 1,6 0,1 5,0 0,9 Nh^ra 0,4 0,3435 15 0,2 1.0 0,1 0,5 0,5 0,5 Nh6m 0,5 0,5 0,5 Kim lo^i 0,3 1,0 0,7 Vilon 5,0000 1,0 1.0 12,0 1,0 Caosu 2,0 7,0 7,0612 0,2 2,0 0,8 15,0 Thiiy tinh 0,2 4,5 0,9274 3,0 1.0 1.7 2,0 1,2 0,3 D6 d^t may 4 5,0 2,6 0,5 0,9445 0,4 3,0 1,8 Do V? sinh 2,0 2,0 2,0 PhSn -10,0 2,0 39 0,2 1,0979 5,0 0,5 1,3 17 LS cfiy, ric vu&n Lo^i rdc KHOA HQC K» THUAT THUY LQI VA M O I TRUCIKC - %6 42 (9/2013) Phg sai 1,5460 1,8134 1,0208 0,7225 2,0897 1,1703 0,0000 0,4950 0,0000 0,8261 0,9430 1,8875 2,3754 dd, sd hd cd chan nudi ft nen him Iugng chit h&u ca 3.3 Di xudi u phdn tic rdc tbdi hiru cff Dua vao cac k6t qua tong hgp d Bang ta cd mgt ric tbii ciia hg dan d ba xa cao nbieu so vdi ba xa ki6m chiing Xet vh mat nguyen li?u sd nhgn xet sau: -So ngudi va hd dan cita cae xa xip xi nhau, diu vao (lugng v i chit) cbo u phan tbi ba xa nghien nhung mat din sd ciia ba xa nghien ciiu rat cao etiu cd lgi the ban -Ty trgng tbu nhgp tir ndng nghiep, ty Ie hg c6 (dao ddng 1.100-1 800 ngudi/km^) Tuang lai eon so tifip tyc tang qua trinh tbi hda gia chin nudi v i vudn cay d ba xa ki^m cbiing cao tang Mirc thu nhgp dau ngudi va chi tieu cho luong Ngudi dan d nbimg xa niy quan tim nhieu den ti tbyc pham cua ba xa nghien ciru cao ban Them vio phin vi CO dien tich vudn de Ci phan Bdng 5: Tdng hgp mpt sd kel qud khdo sdt ca bdn vd mpt sd u&c tinh long lugng rdc thdi ngdy TT Chi tieu Don vi So ho dan So nguai trung binh ho Tong so ngiroi nam 2011 Mat dan so ho nguoi nguoi nguoi/km" m'^/nguoi a 10 11 17 13 14 IS 16 A B C D E % % % % Hoa Chau 3072 4,2 13.111 1.440 226 18,0 Hoa Tien 4098 4,3 16.598 1.145 485 16,8 Thu nhap tir nong nghiep Phan b6 mirc thu nhap dau ngiroi thang 43,0 35.9 Thu nhap thap 3 tr d tr d/thg 1,6 Mirc thu nhap dau ngiroi thang 1,7 10' d/ngay 19,9 22,1 C.tieu lirong thirc b.quan 8,2 2,0 Kh6i lirong tui rac kiem kg loan 1-2 1-2 Tan suSt lay rac Tinh trang tiii rac so voi thuong 7,7 50,0 It hon 50.0 76,9 Binli thucmg 15,4 Nhieu hon 38,0 63,3 Ty le Irung binh chat hiru co 64,7 59,9 Trong cay tren dat viron 40,5 33,3 Chan nuoi Luong rac img voi cac mice xa thai dau ngu j'l (tii n) 0,3 kg/ngay 5,0 Tong 3,9 Hiru CO 2,5 1,9 0,4 kg/ngay Tong 6,6 5,2 2,5 Hiru CO 3,3 Tong 6,6 0,5 kg/ngay 8,3 3,2 Hiru CO 4,1 0,6 kg/ngay Tong 7,9 10,0 Hiru CO 5,0 3,8 0,7 kg/ngay Tong 11,6 9,2 4,4 Hiru CO 5,8 % % % % % % Tiep theo, chgn chi tieu de xem xet kha nang ii phan d cac xa, dd la mat dan sd, dit ndng nghiep dau ngudi, thu nhap tir ndng nghiep, cbi tieu cho luang thyc pham ngiy, ty le trung binh chat hiru co va ty le hg cd dat vudn Tien hanh tinh diem cho cac chi tieu, diem la thuan lgi cho ii phin va bat lgi Vi du ve ehi tieu ''mat dd dan" tbi xa Hda Phudc dugc vi Hda Khuang 6, "ty I? Hoa Phucrc 2572 4,4 12.240 1.764 157 31,3 Hoa Nhan 3387 4,4 14.432 443 1669 43,2 Hoa Phong Hoa Khuong 3918 4,1 15.511 837 667 43,0 4,2 11.698 230 3440 46,4 52,5 42,6 4,9 1,3 19,7 3,2 59,3 38,4 2,3 1,2 18,6 4,2 51,1 42,0 6,8 1,4 18,8 5,1 49,3 49,3 1,4 1,3 19,8 5,7 1-2 3-4 3-4 3-4 19,0 76,2 4,8 33,0 69,2 60,2 59,1 40,9 43,9 84,6 45,5 66,7 33,3 36,4 70,9 41,8 36,4 63,6 41,2 72,2 69,2 3,7 1,2 4,9 1,6 6,1 2,0 7,3 2,4 8,6 2,8 4,3 1,9 5,8 2,5 7,2 3,2 8,7 3,8 10,1 4,4 4,7 1,7 6,2 2,3 7,8 2,8 9,3 3,4 10,9 4,0 3,5 1,4 4,7 1,9 5,8 2,4 7,0 2,9 8,2 3,4 trung binb chit hiru ca" Hda Chau I vi Hda Phudc 6, "ty le dit vudn" Hda Nhan va Hda Chau Dya vio thj mgng ludi d Hinh ta thiy cac x5 nhdm nghien cii'u cd lgi ve lugng dau vao cho li phan, song bat lgi li sin xuit ndng ngbi?p suy giam va dien tich de ii phan it Ngugc lgi, cac xa kiem chirng sin xuat ndng nghi?p vin la chu dgo, ngudi dan rat quan tam va cic hg cd dat vudn de li KHOA HOC Kt THUAT THUY Kfl VA M O I TRUOWG - S6 42 (9/2013) phin Nhu vgy, vi?c td chiic u phan d cac xa nghien ciiu nen "tgp trung" vio mgt sd thdn hoac tbeo qui md nhieu hg, tdt nhat d nhirng bg hien cdn chan nudi va cd vudn Tbeo sd lieu d Bang 5, neu tinh vdi so din va miic phit thii 0,5 kg ric/ngudi ngiy thi cd the tiet ki?m dang ke lugng ric hiiu ca phii Mat dans5 chuyen di, vi dy Hda Chau 4,1 tin/ngiy Nhu vay vdi 13 xa cua buyen Hda Vang, mdi ngiy cd thg tilt ki?m 40-50 tin ric huu ca khdng phai chuyin Ien bai rac, dieu dd cd ngbia la bo sung them mdt lugng phin ii dang can cbo dat dai cd nguy co bgc mau ciia huyen > / D^tnong ngh lp a^u ngudi —*- Hda Chau / — • -Hda Tien i — * -HdaPhLfdc t —M—Hda Nhan - f K - Hoa Phong Thu nhap tCf nong nghiep • • • " Hda Khuang Chi tieu luong thuc binh quSn Hinh 5: So sdnh giira cdc xa ve khd ndng/dieu kiin di it phdn KET LU^N Hien theo sd lieu thdng ke ciia Sd Tai nguyen vi Mdi trudng Da Nang nam 2012, lugng rac thai sinh hogt ciia phd khoang 673 tan/ngay Phuang phap chdn lap tai Khanh San cd nhugc diem la thdi gian phan huy ric liu, d nhiem mdi trudng, phit thai nba kinh tir chat thai ran hiiu ca cao gap 20 lin, nudc ri ric phit sinh cic bai chdn lap nghiem trgng Vi vgy, de xir ly triet de ric thai sinh hoat cin phai thay ddi phuang thirc tiep cgn quan ly rac thai dd th!^Vi?c ii phan rac thai hiru ca la mgt cae phuang thirc tiep cgn mdi Theo ket qui nghien cuu ciia khio sat ca ban thi huy?n Hoa Vang hdi ty cac di6u kien cin thiet de tien hanh nghien ciru thir nghiem it phan rac thai hu"u ca phi tap trung Kha nang cong ciia dy an ECUD/GIZ la Idn vi ngudi dan dia phuang san sang hd trg cho dy an L6'1 CAM ON Tic gii cim an to chirc hd trg phat trien ciia Dire Gl2 vi nhom tu van dy an ECUD da tao dieu kien cho nghien ciru va cho phep edng bd nhirng ket qua nghien ciiu Cudi cimg cim cm 10 sinh vien ldp 51K da tien hinh khao sat vat va nhieu lai thyc dia ' Bai "Da NSng - Thanh dau tien tiep can qu^n ly rdc thai bang quan ly nSng lugng" TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bai "Di Ning - Thanh phd diu tien tilp can quan ly ric thai bing quin ly nang lugng", online http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=428&CateID=24&ID-124347&Code-GRHE124347, 13.01.2013 Agamuthu, P., Fauziah, S.H., Khidzir, K.M and Noorazamimah Aiza, A (2007): Sustainable Waste Management - Asian Perspectives, Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, - September 2007, Chennai, India, tr 5-26 KHOA Hpc KV THUAT THUY UJ[ VA M O I TRUING • S6 42 (9/2013) 63 Chandrappa, R & Das, D.B (2012): Solid waste management - Principles and practice, NXB Springer Dgi sir quan Dan Mach (2012): Vietnam - Solid waste management, Tai lieu thdng tin cua Sti quin ECUD/GIZ-Project (2012): Bio cao nghien ciiu khio sat ca bin cd ket bgp nghien ciiu kien thtic - thai - hinh vi quan ly chat tbii ran d buyen Hda Vang, phd Da Nang, nhom SDCC ciia PGS Nguyen Trung Dung tbyc bien nam 2012 Nghi dinh 59/2007/ND-CP (19.04.2007) vh quin ly chat tbii rin Verordnung uber das Europaische Abfallverzeichnis - Abfallverzeichnis-Verordnung-AW UNEP-Report (2011): Towards a green economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication, Part: Waste -Investing in energy and resource efficiency Renkow, M & Rubin, A.R (1998): Does municipal solid waste composting make economic sense? Journal of Environmental Management, online: bttp://mie.esab.upc.es/ms/informacio/economia _tractament_residus/eeonom ic_sense_composting.pdf 10.WB (2012): What a Waste - A Global Review of Solid Waste Management, In "Urban Development Series Knowledge Papers" 68135, online: bttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/extemal/defauIt' WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/07/25/0003 3 03 7_2012072500413 l/Rendered/PDF/681350WP0RE VlSOatOaOWaste20i20FinaI.pdf Summary HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING - TOWARD SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HOA VANG DISTRICT (DANANG CITY) Urbanization, population growth and economic development are considered the main driving forces of solid waste management (SWM) issues in Asia and the Pacific region These factors all together infiuence consumption rates that lead to accelerate waste generation and change waste components The United Nations Economic and Social Commission in Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) reported that the solid waste in the least developed and low income developing countries ofthe region is characterized by high organic content (70-80%) This figure can be reduced by locally composting with many effects on the environment, ecology and economy This paper reviews the abdity to compost household solid waste in the six communes of Hoa Vang district (Danang city) and propose solutions for sustainable solid waste management Key words: Domestic solid waste, composting, solid waste management Ngic&iphdn biin: TS Vu Due Toan BBTnhgn bdi: Phdn biin xong: 30/7/2013 4/9/2013 KHOA HOC K? T H U A T THUY LQI VA M | TRUdWG • S(S 42 (9/2013) ... nd dgt dugc nhieu myc dich: sinh thii moi trudng va kinh te HI NGHIEN c i r u VE RAC THAI RAN SINH HOAT HUYEN HOA VANG 3.1 Huyin Hoa Vang vd boi cdnh ngltiin ciru Hda Vang la huyen nhat d ngoai... cac bon vi nita khac Cac bon va nita deu can thilt cho sy sinh trudng cua vi sinh vat Cic bon huu CO (chiem khoang 50% cac te bao vi sinh) cung cap ca nang Iugng va vat chat tgo te bao co ban... dinh qua thye te khao sat tai huy?n Hda Vang (Thanh phd Da Ning) II PHAN RAC THAI HUU CO - MQT GIAI Chat thai nha bep va cSng tin co the phan huy bin" sinh hoc C^c chat thai vy6n v^ cong icn