Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A Klioa hoc Tit nhien Cong nghi va Mdi trudng 30 (2014) 5%% Tap chf Khoa hoc Tru''''dng £)ai hoc Can lh6 website sj ctu edu vn THirC TRANG VA HIEU QUA KINH TE[.]
Phdn A: Klioa hoc Tit nhien Cong nghi va Mdi trudng 30 (2014) Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Tap chf Khoa hoc Tru'dng £)ai hoc Can lh6 website: sj.ctu.edu.vn THirC TRANG VA HIEU QUA KINH TE CAC KlfeU SC DUNG DAT TAI VIJNG DEM XA MINH THUAN, HUYEN U MINH THlTONG, TINH KIEN GIANG Le Tan Lgi' va Ddng Nggc Phugng^ ' Khoa Moi trudng & Tdi nguyen Thien nhien, Trudng Dgi hoc Can Tha ^ Phong Nong nghiep & Phdt triin Nong thon huyin UMinh Thucmg, Kien Giang Thdng tin chung: Ngdy nhdn: 15/08/2013 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 25/02/2014 ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to evaluate socio-economic status ofhousekM and benefit-cost ratio of land use types on the acid sulphate soils at MB* Thuan commune in buffer zone of UMinh Thuong National Park, KienGia^ province The standardized questionnaire was emptied to collect the ckS Title: Results ofstudy showed tliat the society and economy of study area develop The situation of the socialslowly Most of local people were poor and characterized by less favoriii economy and economic effectively of land use types at condition for farming (in terms of farming infrastructure) and low eduoMon and science technology Seven land use types were selected in study H^m al Minh Thuan commune in bu^erzone of U Minh Thuong such as- traditional rice crop (LUT 1), rice + sugarcane + pineapple ff^ (LUT 2), rice + ginger (LUT 3), rice + sugarcane + ginger (LUT 1], National Park Kien Giang sugarcane + pineapple crops (LUT 5), sugarcane + Ginger (LUT 6) and province Inland crop (LUT 7) The results of household interviews showed that iq>M crops had neatest profit with average at 59.000 million VND/ha and the Titkhda: second-^m pineapple crops with average profit at 33.062 million VNDlh Kiiu sir dvng ddi hiiu qud which was followed by sugarcane crop with average profit at 18.541 kinh li vimg dim, Minh million/ha However, the pineapple has the greatest capital efficiency-^\h Thugn U Minh Thu(mg B/C ratio al 2.09 which is followed by the upland crops with B/C ratio at 1.3 and Ihe sugarcane crop with B/C ratio at 0.58 Benefit of rice was very % Keywords: rangingfrom4.221 to 4.347 million VND/ha, andricewas also characlef^^ Land use types, economic as the lowest capital efficiency with B/C at 0.33 to 0.47 siiualion buffer zone, Minh Thuan UMinh Thuong TOM TAT Di tai duoe thuc hiin nlidm muc tieu ddnh gid thuc trgng kinh fi - xa hgi da nong ho va hiiu qud ldnh ti cdc xudt kiiu su dvmg ddt trin vimg ddtphentS Minh Thudn thugc vimg dim Vudn Qude gia UMinh Thugng, Kiin Gicm Plmmgphdp dieu tra bdng bdng cdu hdi chudn dugc dp dung di thu f/j^» lieuKitqud nghiin cuu cho thdy tinh hlnh kinh ti -xd hgi cua vim^ ecmM phat trien Da phdn ngudi ddn la ndng ddn ngheo it tu liiu sdn xudt, trilA ^ hgc vdn vd khoa hgc ky thugt cdn thdp Trong vimg cd kiiu su ditr^M Lua (KSD1); Lua + Mia + Khdm (KSD 2); Lua + Gung (KSD 3); Zaa + Aft Gimg (KSD 4); Mia -^ khom (KSD 5); Mia + Gimg (KSD 6) vd Chuyen mau (KSD 7) Theo linh todn tir s6 liiu dieu tra, cdy mdu cho kd nhuau fl» nhii (TB dgt 59.000 trieu dSngdrn) rdi din cdy khdm (TB dat 33.062) ( ^ dong/ha) sau la cdy mia (TB dgt 18,541 triiu ddng/ha) Tuy nhiin (* l^om la cdy cho B/C cao nhdt Id 2.09), r6i din cdy mau Id 1.36 va sea la cdy mia Id 0,58 Riing cdy lua thi cho lai nhudn thdp nhdt dat tir 4,22 _ den 4.347 irieu dong/ha vd B/C cung thdp nhdi tir 0,33 din 0,47 Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dai hgc Can Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tir nhien, Cdng nghe vd Mdi trudng- 30 COI4j- 59-69 MO DAU Minh Thuan la mgt xa cd diln tieh tu nhien ldn nhit huyen U Minh Thugng, li mot U'ong hai xa quin Iy vimg dem Vudn Qude gia U Minh Thugng, thugc xa ngheo theo chuong trinh 135 cua Chinh phii Ngudi dan chu ylu sing b i i ^ nghi nong, dit san xuat triing, nhieu phen khong chu dgng dugc nude, cac loai dit d vung dem U Minh Thugng dugc hinh tu viit lieu ban diu la phii sa riing trim, cd dd tuli culi thdi ky Holocene Qua trinh hmh thinh dit la qua trinh tich ty phit sa dilu kien nude man v i nude lg (Luang Van Thanh, 2010) Li xa dugc nhin dinh la cd kinh tl kem phit trien vimg ban dio Ci Mau Mac dii nam 1999, tinh Kiln Giang da xiy dung du an phat triln ndng hp viing dim UMT, vdi tdng vdn diu tu ldn hon 180 ty dong, nhim xoa ddi giam ngheo cho ngudi din vimg dem Tuy nhiin, hon 10 nam thuc hien Du an, ngoii nhiing qui thu dugc, nhung xa van cdn khdng it khd khin san xuat v i ddi sing kinh te xa hpi Trong dilu kien dat nude khd khin, nhung ngudi din noi diy chua ehpn dugc cho minh kieu su dung dit thich hgp va chua ap dung nhieu khoa hpc ky thuat dl ning cao dupe ning suit va chat lupng sin phim Nghien cuu budc diu ciia Nguyen van Cap (2009) ve, danh gia hieu qua kinh tl cua md hinh canh tae d vimg dim vudn Qude gia U Minh Thuang, tinh Kien Giang ciing cho thay huyen U Minh Thupng cd diy dii dilu kien dl ap dyng da d ^ g cic md hinh sin xuit Cung theo quan dilm ciia Luang Thanh Hai (1998) canh tic da dang ndng - lam - ngu se cho hieu qui cao hon li dpc canh cay Ida trin tit ei cac viing sinh thai Tuy nhien, muc Igi n h u ^ eiia cac mo hinh niy sl khic cac trd ngai nhu dat bj phen, ngip ling mua mira, thilu nude miia khd, thilu vdn san xuit, inh hudng rat Idn din sin xuit va thu nhap ciia ndng din Vi thi, dl phit trien kinh t e - x a hpi In dinh cho viing dim can dau tu nghiin cdu, phat triln vi su ho trg ciia Nhi nude li rit cin thiet tuong Iai Vi thi, vin dk dat eho sin xuit ndng nghiep nong thdn ciia huyen U Minh Thugng ndi chung sin xuit vung dem ndi rieng la lam chpn dugc kilu sir dung dit thich hgp, nhim tang thu nhip eho ndng hp, phit trien kinh tl vung Dieu khdng nhiing cd y nghia vl mat kinh tl mi ed y nghTa ve mat chinh tri, iam giam bdt nguy co pha rimg, bao vl mdi truong sinh thii, bio vl tai nguyin \'Udn Qude gia Qua dd cho thiy vile dinh gia dupe thuc trang san xuat va xac djnh duge hiiu qui kinh tl cua cac md hinh su dyng dit viing dim thupc xa Minh Thuin hoyln U Minh Thugng dl lim co sd cho vile nghien ciiu vi At xuat cae kilu su dung dat thich hgp trin manh dat eiia ngudi ndng din, ddng thdi nang cao nang lue, cung cap kiln thuc ve ky thuat sir dung va canh tae trin dit phen mgt each cd hieu qua la ein thilt PHU'CWG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Dia diem ngbien cuu Dl tai dupe thue hien tren cac md hinh canh tae Liia, Mia khdm, giJmg tren hai tilu vimg cd kenh ndng hp va khong cd kenh nong hp vung dim Vudn Quoc Gia UMT tu kenh din 14 thugc xa Minh Thuln, huyen U Minh Thupng, tinh Kien Giang (Hinh 1.1) 2.2 Pbinnig phap tbu tbap so lieu 2.2.1 Thu thgp so lieu thir cdp Thu th^p cic bio cio tong ket hang nam, niin giim thing kl vl tinh hlnh kinh te xa hpi, tinh hinh sin xuat nong nghiep ciia xa Minh Thuin huy?n U Minh Thugng, tinh Kiln Giang 2.2.2 Sd lieu sa cap Dieu tra thue trang kinh te - xa hgi: Phong van true tilp cic ndng hg bing bing eau hoi chuan, tdng so mau dieu tra Ii 100, chpn miu ngiu nhien 100 ndng hg, dd dilu tra 50 philu viing cd dl bao noi^ hg va 50 phieu vimg khong cd de bao nong hg Phieu dilu tra tap trung vio cic ngi dung nhu: Lieh su su dung dit dai; Ky thuat canh tic; Mire dp dau tu; Thu nhip va hiiu qua kinh te; Khi ning thi trudng; Cae dilu kiln kho khin ve dat nude anh hudng din viec san xuit vi cie ky thuat canh tae hien tai '; Khoa hgc Tir nhien Cong nghe vd Mdi Iruang 30 (20}4j\ Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dai hgc Cdn Tha N i*'"** , u m HiMfni'"ô:r iT t' ^ ,- ,'"'-'ã ã _ XAANMINHBAC HUYfiN ViNH THU^N V \ z\ \ ^\ ~.«- ' '\^ / / m ^ ^ TINH ^^ ^ - ' CAMAU '^•••v„ Hinb 1: Ban khu vuc ngbiln curu v^ng dfm xa Minh Thu^n, huyin UMT Chinh sua tir nguon phong NN & PTNT UMT 2.3 Pbinnig p b i p phan ticb so lieu 2.3,7 Phuang phdp thong ki mo td Thong ke mo ti li cic phuang phap ludng, md ti vi trinh bay sd li?u vl thong tin ndng hO dugc phong vin bao gom: gia tri trung binh, gia tri nho nhat gii trj ldn nhit tin so xuat hien eac ddi tupng 2.3.2 Phircmg phdp phdn tich kinh ti todn phdn Phuong phap phin tich kinh tl toan phin dupe su dyn§ so sinh hi?u qui kinh tl ciia nhilu kilu sii dyng dat; ho$c giua cac kilu su dyng dit vdi Hach toan kinh te toan phin giup phin tieh nguyen nhin nao eiia chi phi anh hudng din thu nh^p cua md hinh canh tic dl xem xet, lua chpn giii phap ky diuit lam giim chi phi sin xuit, tang Ipi nhugn ciia cac mo hinh Cd thi xem phuong phap niy la phuong phap phin tich chi phi, lpi nhugin va hi?u qua ding von (B/C) KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU 3.1 Thi^ tr^ng sin xuit (tbeo so lifn dieu tra thuc tl nim 2011) 3.1.1 Nguon luc lao dgng Qua Bing cho thiy, da s6 cac h§ co so nh§a khiu tu 2-4 ngudi chilm ty 11 69,07% trin ting s6 hp dilu tra, edn lai nhom hp eo tir 5-8 nhin Wiau chilm ty If thip han li 30,93% trin ting sfi b? dilu tra Qua khio sat vdi luc lugng lao dflng c6 tit 2-4 ngudi/hp bao gom ea lao dpng chinh va lao dpng phy, cho thiy luc lugng lao dOng tai day khong nhiiu, chi co thi dip irng dugc mo hinh canh tie cin it cdng lao ddng nhu mpt ho|c haW liia/nam Qua kit gua Bang cho thiy, nhom chii be dd tuli lao dpng tir 18 din 60 (chieft 87,63%) CO ty le ldn hon so vdi nhdm ngoai tuoi lao dpng ldn han 60 (chiim 12,37%) Mic du nguin lao dpng cd thiiu, nhung phin Idn chii hg dp tuli lao dpng, cho thiy sue lao dong khu vuc vin tlt va cd kha nang dap in* cho cdng vile sin xuit ndng nghiip, diy ciing ^ mpt Igri the ddi vdi khu vuc T^ip chi Khoa hoc Tnr&ng Dai hoc Cdn Thtr Phan A: Khoa hoc Tir nhien Cong nghe va Moi truang: 30 (2014): 59-69 Bang 1: So nhan idiau va d6 tadi ndng fao vung dim sa Minh Tha^n Ngirtri/hj trim "»™°' (%) •^"""g 2-4 69,07 18-60 5-8 30,93 >60 T6ng 100,00 T6ng 3.1 Trinh hgc vdn PhSn tram (% 87,63 12,37 Tir kit qua Bang cho thiy, da s6 chu hO vung CO trinh hoc vln thip, trinh dO d p I chiim ty 18 cao nhit 52,58%, Itj la nhom chii hO trinh d p II chilm 40,20%, nhdm khong di hpc chilm 5,15%, rieng chi co chu h6 co trinh dp hpc vln d p III chilm 2,07% tren tdng s6 chO hp dilu tra Bang 2: Trinh dd h^c vln nong fad viing dem xa Minh Thuan Trinh dp hoc van ciia nong fao Lao ddng chinb Khong di hpc 5,15 Khong di hgc 3,07 Cap I 52,58 Cip I 49,12 Cip II 40,20 c i p II 42,11 Cip III 2,07 Cip HI 5,70 Tong 100,00 Tong 100.00 (%) (%) Qua ket qui dieu tra cho thiy, nhdm lao dpng chinh cd trinh dp hpc van chu yen tap trung vao cip I, chiem ty II cao nhit 49,12% (112 ngudi tong s6 cae hp dieu tra) v i cip II, chilm 42.11% (96 ngudi) Rieng so lao dong chinh ed trinh dd cip UI li 5,70% (13 ngudi) vi nhdm khdng di hpc chi chilm ti 11 thip 3,07% (7 ngudi) Lao dpng chinh la nhtrng ngudi true-tiep tham gia san xuit, phin Idn cd trinh dp chi tap trung vao cip I vi cip II, cho nin co phan nio han chl vi?c tiip can vdi khoa hpc ky thuit va van dung kiin thdc vao sin xuat Nhu tren da phin tich, chu hp la lao ddng chinh cd sire lao dpng tot la lpi the, nhung xet vl trinh d$ thi chii hp co hpc van la dilu rit han chl, ty I? ngudi cd trinh cap I vi cip II nhiiu, nhu V9y viec tiip thu khoa hpc ky thuit se rit hgn che, viec hach toan kinh tl cho sin xuit ciing se gip khd khan, dd ciing li mot phin nguyin nhin din din cham phat triln kinh tl hp gia dinh 3.1.3 Phircmg tiin sdn xudt Bang cho thiy phan Idn eac hp dan diu thilu cac phuong tien phuc vu cho san xuat Phan ldn t|p tnmg vio cac phuang tien thiet yeu nhu: ghe, xudng miy di lai (29,94%), xe gan may dimg di lai (20,38%) Ngoii ra, tip trung vio cae dyng cu sin xuit de mua va thdng dung nhu: binh phun thudc, xuit hien nhilu nflng hp (32.90%) Con lai cic logi phuong tien nhu: may bam nude chilm tJ I? thip (10,78%), chi co hp cd sin phai gach, xi mang (chiim 2,40%) v i hg cd miy cay, may xdi (chilm 2,40%) Trong vimg chi co hp cd nhi miy xay liia (chiem 1,20%) Mac dii cd hp cd din 20 nam kinh nghiem, nhung phuang tien sin xuit qui it, dieu cho thiy tiln dp co gidi hda ndng nghiep d vung nghiin cuu chim Bang 3: Phuong tien san xuat Loai pbutmg tiln May cay, may xoi Binh xit San phoi gach, xi itiang Ghe, xuong (may) dilai May bom nuoc May xay liia Xe gan may Tong 314 Uch thai vu Tan suit 55 50 18 34 167 Phin tram (%) 2.40 32,90 2,40 29,94 10,78 1,20 20,38 100,00 Lich thdi vu viing thay doi tdy logi ciy va thdi tiet hang nam Ngudi dan viing khong cd dl bao chii ylu sin xuit cae loai lua miia, doi vdi vimg eo de bao thi cd the sin xuit liia vu (mpt vy miia va mpt vu cao san) Thdi gian eanh tie Ilia mua keo dii thing, thong thudng bit diu td thing 7al den thing 12al Doi vdi liia vy, vu he thu tu thing 4al - 7al va vy dong xuan tu thing Sal -12al Thdi vu mia keo dai quanh nam, thudng -thi ndng dan bat dau tu mua mua, cd the de 1-2 vy goc rdi chat bo lai Khom vi thu hoach keo dii tir - nam, sau dd chat bd vi lai Khom bang giong sau da giam - thing Rau, mau bao gom cic loai nhu: gimg khoai mdn, rau an la, biu bi dupe canh tic quanh nam, tu thing 02 din thing 12 5.7.5 Tdi chinh ciia nong ho Da phin cac hg dan vitng li ndng din ngheo gap rit nhilu khd khan ve von de sin xuit Qua khio sit cho thay, nhom nong hg co mdc kinh tl trung binh (can ngheo) chiim ty le cao nhit 64,95%, tilp theo li nhdm hp ngheo chilm 18,56%, chi CO 12 hp cd mde dp kinh tl gia dinh kha (chiem 12,37%) va vung ehi cd hd cd day dii tien nghi sinh hoat gia dinh dugc danh gia li hp giiu (chilm 4,12%) Nhimg hp kha vi Tap chi Khoa hgc Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Pbdn-A - Khoa hgc Tit nhien Cong nghe va Mdi trucmg- 30 (2014): ^ ^ i u phin ldn li ngudi tu nai khae den co nhieu vdn sin xuit Rieng cae hp ngheo thuong li cac hg chinh sach dugc cip dit nhung thilu von nen han chi san xuit, cgng thim dilu kiln tu nhien kho khan nen khong vuon len thoat ngheo dugc Nhin chung, dilu kiln kmh tl xa hgi toan vimg vin kho khan va dilu kiln sin xuit van han chi, chi cd 14,44% ducrc dinh gia li dii von san xuit, co den 85.56 % sd hp bi thilu vdn sin xuat Bang 4: Cac nguon von buy dong tu ben ngoai Nguon von Ngan hang TIT nhan Mupn nguoi than Doanh nghiep (mua v3t tu NN thilu, gia cao) Tan suat Phan tram 35 29 13 29 33,02 27,36 12,26 27,36 (%) Tdng cpng Qua ket qua Bing cho thiy cac nguin vln tir ngin hang Chinh sich xa hpi eo Iai suit thip nhung mdc vay khong nhilu, chu ylu vay td ngin hang cl phin ed iii suit eao (33,02%) Vay tu nhan chiim 27,36%, cdn iai Ii mugn ngudi thin 12,26, nhung chi tam thdi vi phai tri lii rit cao (5% 25%/thang) Mua vft tu thilu ciia doanh nghiep gia cao hon mua tien mat kha nhiiu (khoang 10 15%) Tuy nhien, ngudi din nhan xet ring mua thieu thi gia cao nhung cung phii chip nhin vi hp khong xoay sd dupe tiln tu ngudn nao khic 3.1.6 Nguon thu nhdp ciia cdc kiiu sir dyng ddt CJua dieu tra xac dinh dugc nguin thu nhip ciia kilu su dung dit (KSD) nhu sau: KSDl: Lua miia KSD2: Liia miia + Mia + Khdm; KSD3: Liia miia + Gimg; KSD4: Liia + Mia + Gimg; KSD5: Mia + Khom; KSD6: Mia + Giing; KSD7: Chuyen mau Kieu su dftng 1: Ting thu nhip binh quan cua cic hg canh tie thu nhip tir san xuit ndng nghiep 10.55 trifu ddng chi chilm 28,58%, khi, thu nhap tu lam thul nong nghiip 17,666 trieu ding, chilm din 47.85% va thu nhip tir hogt dong phi ndng nghiep la 8,7 trilu ding, chilm 23,56% Kieu sir dung 2: thu nhgp trung binh tir sin xuat ndng nghiip Ii 52,433 trilu ding chilm 93,74% O KSD dit nay, thu nhip tu phi ndng nghi?p rit it, trung binh la 3,5 trilu ding, chilm ti 11 6,25% khong ed thdi gian dl lim thul them Dilu niy cho thiy KSD tan dyng dugc hiubft nguin lao ddng cua gia dhih Kiiu su dung 3: thu nhap tu SXNN li thu nhaj chinh ndng hg duge 27,39 trilu dliig, chi^ 47,61%; thu n h ^ t u l i m thue ndng nghiep Ij 17,667 trieu dong, chilm 30,7%; thu nhiip tit hoa dpng phi nong nghiip 21,69% KSD nayi^ dpng phi ndng nghiip va lam thue ndng nghiep chiim phan ldn nguon thu cita nong hg Kieu su dfing 4: Thu nhip tu sin xuit cong nghiep trung binh 134,294 trieu dong, chilm 91,A6% tdng thu nhip ciia nong hd tu ho!ii dpng sin xuat nong nghiep; thu nhap tir hoat dong phi ndng nghiep 3,5 trieu ding, ehiim 2,54%; khong CO thu nhap td hoat ddng lam thul n@ftg nghiip mo hinh eanh tie phii cin nhik cdng lao dpng nen khdng cd thdi gian di lam thu^ Kiiu sA dung 5: Thu nhip ttr sin xuit n6ng nghiep trmig binh 65,66 trieu ddng, chilm 67,80% ; thu nhap tir hoat dpng phi ndng nghiep 16,575 trilu ding, chiem 17,11%; thu nhgp tii lam thue nong nghiip 14,60 trilu ding, ehiim 15,07%, Cac hp kieu canh tie niy co thu nhap Ion tir cic hoat dpng phi nong nghiip va lam thue nong nghiip, vi chi trpng mia, khdm nen thdi gian nhSn roi nhilu han kilu sir dung khic Kiiu su difng 6: Thu nhap tu sin xuSt nong nghiip trung binh la 34,09 trieu ding, chiSra 60,03% U-ong ting thu nhip ciia nong hp; thu nh|p rii lim thul nong nghiep li 16 trilu ding, chiSm 28,17%; thu nhap tir hoat ddng phi ndng nghi^j) chiem 11,78% Tong thu nhap trung binh ciiahfila 56,786 trilu ding/nam Ci KSD dit thu nhip t^ san xuit nong nghiip chilm ty le eao so vdi tbu nhap tir nguin khic Kiiu su dung 7: Thu nhip tu sin xuit n^g nghiep tnmg binh 72,117 trieu ding, chi§iD 62,10% ting thu nhap ciia nong hd; thu nhgpt hogt dgng phi nong nhilp 30 trieu ding, chiem 25,83%; thu nhip tu lam thul ndng nghiip 14 trieu d6ng,_chilm 12,05% frong tdng thu nhip cuanSng hd Tdng thu nhap trung binh eua hp eanh tac kieu su dung M 116,117 trieu dIng/nam 3.2 Hiiu qui ldnh te cac kilu si^ dung (l^D) 3.2.1 Chiphi vd thu nhgp cua cay liia KSDl- v?/ lua mua O Bang 5, tong chi phi trung binh cua vii liia mua la 8,75 trieu ddng Chu ylu chi pM vattu chilm va chi phi mudn miy mdc chiim hon 50% edn lai la cac ehi phi khic Vdi nang suit Iiia trung Tqp chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dai hgc Can Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tir nhien Cong ngh? va Mdi tnr&ng- 30 (2014)- 59-69 binh 2.50 tin/ha va gia ban trung binh 5.190 dong/kg ngudi din eo thu nhgp eho vu liia la 12,84 trilu dong UTJ chi phi cd lgi nhuan frung binh ciia vy lua la 4,09 trilu ding/vy Nhin chung, diy la kieu sd dung dit kem hieu qua nhung ndng dan vin chgn dl canh tie vi dat triing ngap nude, nluem phen, ehi cd thi trlng Ida va it tin chi phi Kit qua niy ciing phii hgp vdi nghien cuu cua Nguyin Duy Cin (1991) tren viing dit phen khdng ke Hep, thudng canh tic dgc canh ciy lua nhung hieu qui kinh te dem lai khong cao, vi thi ein kit hgp vdi nudi ca di dem Igi Igi nhuin cao hon Ngoai ra, c6 thi ning cao nang suit va thu nh|p bang cic bien phap canh tac nhu bdn vol, phin hihi CO cho ddng rupng, ding thdi nuoi xen cac loai ca dong trin ao hoge mpng lua (Vo TTii Guong v i L I Tin Lpi, 2013) Bang 5: Hifu qua kinh te cay Ida tiir KSDl: vy lua mda Chi tieu TB Chi phi giong * 1.065,80 12,28 Chi phi lao dpng thul * 1.663,90 19,00 Chi phi vattu * 2.902,35 33,16 Chi phi mudn may mde * 2.395,00 27,36 Chi phi tudi tieu * 726,65 8,30 Tong chiphi * 8.753,70 100.00 Nang suit (tin/ha) 2,50 Gia ban (ngan ddng/kg) 5,19 Thu nhap* 12.843,26 Loinhu^n* 4.089,55 Hieu qui ddng von (B/C) % (*/• DVT ngan ddng/vu/ha - Nguon So lifu dieu tra vo tinh loan ihuc li ndm 2011 KSD2 cao hon KSDl la 10,973 frilu ding Chu ylu chi phi vit tu cao (42,61%), cdn lai chi phi khic tuong duong vdi KSDl Nang suit binh quSn dat 3,42 tin/ha, vdi gii bin 5.200 dong/kg nen eho thu nhip vi lgi nhu|n cao hon tuong iing la !6,91 trilu d l i ^ vi 5,9 trieu ding, hieu qui ddng vdn la 0.54 Vin co mgt sl hp bi 16 vi gap mua nhieu khdng quin ly duge nude nen bi mat trang Tuy nhiin vin cd hd canh tic cong vdi lgi nhugn cao Doi vdi mia, tdng chi phi trung binh rit cao (38,876 trilu ddng) Phin Idn chi phi niy la thue mudn miy mdc (44%) vi chi phi gidng (22,59%) Ngudi din nai day danh ehi phi cho vat tu va lao dgng ehi chiem mpt phin nhd, tuong irng li 15,82% va 14,93% Nang suit mia trung binh 73,5 tin/ha (con thip diu tu va ky thuat kem), vdi gia ban 720 dong/kg (mia rdt gia), ngudi dan thu nh|p cho vy mia li 49,854 trilu ddng, dat Ipi nhuan trung binh 10,98 trilu dong/vu vi B/C ciing rit thip ta 0,28 (Bang 6) Ciing theo Bang 6, ting ehi phi trung binh cua vu khdm li 8,95 trilu dong thip hon mia Tuy nhien, chi phi vat tu (63,09%) chiem ti 11 cao hon nhilu so vdi, chi phi thue lao dpng (28,35%) Ning suit khdm tmng binh 14,41 tin/ha, vdi gia bin 3.270 ddng/kg ngudi din ed thu nhap cho vu khom la 50,71 trieu ddng, lgi nhuan trung binh li 31,76 trilu ding/vu vi B/C 1,67 Trong KSD niy, chi plii sin xuit cho mia va khdm kha cao, phai diu tu chi phi ban diu, nhung chu ky khai thac dupe tijr - nam nen chi ed mpt so hd thupc co von diu tu din ncri den chon thi ning suit va thu nhap mdi eao Ngoai tru mia nhimg nSm rdt gia, Nhin ehung, KSD2 cd thu nh^^ kha cao, nlu tinh chung Igi toan kilu sd dung 3.2.2 Chi phi vd thu nhdp ciia cdc cdy trong KSD2: Liia miia + Mia + Khom Theo Bang 6, chi phi trung binh ciia vu liia mua Bang 6: Hiiu qua kinh te cac lo^i ciy trlng KSD2: Liia mua + Mia + Khdm Lua Mia Chi tiin TB TB 8.26 8.782 906 22,59 C.Phi gidng * 2.101 19,14 5.803 14,93 C.Phi thue LD • 4.676 42,61 6.148 15,82 C Phi vat tu * 1.791 16,33 17.105 44,00 C.plii thue may moc * 1.499 13,66 1.037 2,67 C.phi tirai tieu * 10.973 100 38.876 100 Tone chi phi * 3,42 73,50 Nang sudt (tSn/ha) Gia ban (ngan ddng/kg) 5,20 0,72 16.912 49.854 Thu nhdn * 5.939 10.978 Loi nhuan * 0,54 0,28 B/C {*): DJT ngdn dSng'vji/ha - Nguon- Sd liiu diiu tra va tinh todn thuc te % % Kh6m TB 1.870 9,87 5.125 28,35 11.957 63,09 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 18.952 100 14,41 3,27 50.712 31.760 1,67 (%) p chi Khoa hgc Tntang Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tv nhien Cdng nghi vd Moi tnrdng: 30 aOI4}:^ Cung theo ket qua d i l u tta Bang 9, t i n g chi ^ eua vu gimg la 70,384 trieu ddng chu y l u bao gjn, ehi phi vat t u (40,26%) v i gidng (42.58%): Na« suit trung binh khoang 21 tan/ha (nang suitiA thap so vdi nSng s u i t tdi khao ciia gimg khoai^fio -80 tin/ha) Tuy nhiin, thdi d i l m gimgco g i i cao (11.500d6ng/kg) nen ngudi d i n ed ftn n h i p eho vu giing la 241,5 tri?u ddng Lgi nhu|n trung binh ciia v y gimg la 117,116 tri?u d5ng% B/C dgt 2,43 3.2.3 Chiphi vd thu nhdp cua cdc loai cdy trdng KSD3:1 lua miia - Gimg Bing 7, chi phi vy lua miia 10,85 trieu ding, mong duong vdi KSD2 Cao nhat van la chi phi vit w (45,89%) Cac chi phi khae cung d mdc tuong duong Vdi ning suit Iiia 2,9 tin/ha, g i i ban 5.290 dIng/kg, nong d i n thu n h i p dugc 12,32 Uieu dong va CO Idi trung binh li 1,47 trieu dong/vu, tu cho thiy B/C l i rit thip 0,14 (Bing 7) Bang 7: H i i u q u i kinh t i tix cac loai cay t r o n g K S D : vu Ilia miia + G i m g Gflmg TB Chi phi giong * Chi phi lao dong thue * Chi phi vat tu * C/phi muon may moc • Chi phi tuoi tieu * Tong ehi phi * N i n g suit (tin/ha) Gia b i n (ngan dIng/kg) Thu nhgp (ngan ding/vu/ha) Lgi nhugn * B/C 1.525 1.554 4.979 2.014 778 (%) 14,06 14,32 45,89 18,56 7,17 2,90 5,29 12.320 1.470 0,14 TB 28.355 5.115 29.970 2.000 4.944 70.384 21 11 241.500 171.116 2,43 (%) 4026 7,27 42,5! 2,84 7,05 C) DPT ngdn dong ^v - Xgudn sS ii$u diiu Ira va tinh todn thtrc li ndm 2011 Theo kit qua eho Uiiy ed hp thuc hien KSD n i y vin bj lo v l n , nhung co hp lai lgi nhugn r i t cao Su chlnh lech Idn la s u dau t u v i ky thuat v i quin ly siu b?nh khie Qua eho thay, chi phi cho k i l u su dung kha nhiiu nhung lpi nhuan Igi r i t cao Tuy nhiin, gdng mdi dupe trlng chua hiiu rd v l s i u benh va khdng co cich phong tri n i n d i n d i n cd hg tning thil khae v i cd su ehenh lech ldn v i thu nhip 3.2 Chi phi vd thu nhdp etia cdc cdy trdng KSD4- Lua mua + Mia + Gimg Theo kit q u i dilu tra, t i n g ehi phi eua vu liia miia d KSD eiing g i n g i l n g nhu chi phi cho Ilia miia d cac KSD khie Phin ldn t i p trung vao vgt tu (50.60%) lgi cho chi phi diue may mde (16.68%), ehi phi thue lao dpng (14,77%), c i c logi chi phi khic chiem ti 1? nho Nang suit Ida dat dugc thip la 2.44 tin/ha vdi g i i bin 4.910 dIng/kg ngudi dan dm nhap duge 13,247 trilu d i n g lgi nhuan trung binh ehi cd 3,17 trieu dingfla, g i l n g nhu s i n x u i t Iiia cac KSD d trin, B/C tir Ilia r i t t h i p 0,31 (Bang 8) Mac dii c i c hp t r l n g lua kiiu su dung la nhung hg da cd k i n h bao ndng hd, nhung ulnglua v i n khong hieu q u i la d i i u kien d i t chua diroc cai tao khong giu duge nude hoac bi n g i p iing lien tuc, ngoii cdn nguyen nhan sau hgi v i chiin ehugt p h i hai d i n d i n giam n i n g suit hoac mit trang Theo k i t q u i d i i u tra B i n g tdng chi phi trung binh cua vu mia 28,74 trilu ddng tap trung nhioi v i o chi phi t h u l lao dgng 42,20%, ehi phi gjlng 32,09% v i y i t m , % Nang suit mia tmng binh 80,87 tin/ha gia ban t m n g binh 883 d l n g / ^ thu nhgp cho vu mia li 71,41 trilu ding, Ipi nhuin 42,67 trilu dlng/vy, eho B/C l i 1,48 Theo kit qua trin, thu n h a p c h o vy mia kha cao va I n dinh la mia d miia g l e n i n khdng cd c i c chi phi len lip tudi tieu nen Igi nhuan cao han Tgp chi Khoa hoc Tnrdng Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A • Khoa hoc Tt.r nhien Cong nghe vd Mdi tnrdng: 30 (2014) - 59-69 Bang 8: Hiiu qua kinh tl tu cac loai cay trlng KSD 4: Liia mda + Mia + Gimg Chl tieu Chi phi giong * Chi phi lao dpng thue * Chi phi vat tu * C/phi muon may moc * Chi phi tirai tieu * T6ng chi phi * Nang suat (tan/ha) Gia ban (ngan d6ng/kg) Thu nhap * Loi nhuin * B/C ) Lua miia TB 1.075 10,52 1.485 14,77 5.095 50,60 1.676 16,68 747 7,43 10.078 100,00 2,44 4,91 13.247 3.169 0,31 (%) Mia TB 9.222 32,09 12.128 42,20 7.391 25,71 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 100 28.741 80,872 0,883 71.410 42.669 1,48 % Gimg TB 24.500 46,27 4.000 7,55 21.500 40,57 0,00 0,00 3.000 5,66 53.000 100 12,50 12,00 150.000 97.000 1,83 % (*) DVT ngdn dong/v^^ha - Nguon: Sd Ii$u diiu tra va tinh loan thtrc ti nam 2011 Ciing theo kit qua Bang 8, ting chi phi trung binh cua vu giing 53 trieu ddng Tip trung vio chi phi vat tu (40,57%), chi phi gilng (46,27%) Ning suit mau trung binh 12,5 tin/ha, vdi gia ban 12;000 dong/kg, thu nhap tu rau miu li 150 trilu ddng Lgi nhugn trung binh 97 trieu dong/vu, B/C dat 1,83 Khic vdi cic KSD khie gimg d day san xuit dupe an toan vi cd gii cao nen dua den lgi nhuin cao 3.2.5 Chi phi vd thu nhdp ciia cdc cdy trongKSD5- Mia + Khom it dau tu va quan tam cho ky thugt eanh tic, nhat la khau bdn phan, danh la va vun goc cho mia Tong ehi phi trung binh cua vy khdm la 13,27 trilu dong Chii ylu li chi phi vit tu (43,64%) vi thue lao dgng (35,87%) Neu hp nao khong ton chi phi len lip (do cd dl bao san) thi chi phi se thap vi lpi nhuan nhieu KSD niy Igi nhuin dat cao (31.413 trieu dIng/ha va_B/C din 2,37 (Bang 9) Neu cay mia dat ning suit cao va c6 gii thi KSD rat hieu qua va on dinh han cae ciy kliic Nhin chung, day la kieu sd dung dit thich hgp Theo Bing 9, tdng chi phi tnmg binh eua vu cho vung dit phen d vimg dim Vudn Quoc gia U Minh Thupng Tuy nhiin gii ci v i diu tu chua mia khoing 38,86 trilu dln^ Trong dd chi phi dung mdc nen hieu qua cdn thip, nhit la nhdng thue miy mdc chiem cao nliat (37,34%), cic chi nam gin diy gia ci cho ciy raia thudng bien dpng phi gilng, lao dpng va vgt tu tucmg ducmg nhau, len xuong bit thudng lim cho hieu qui ciia KSD chi cd tu'di la ton chi phi thip nhit (3,43%) Nang dit thap, nhimg neu danh gia riing cho ciy suit mia U^ng bmh tliip ehi dgt 59,78 tin/ha, gia khdm cho lgi nhuin v i hieu qua cao Dieu bin 850 dIng/kg, nen thu nhip cho vu mia thip li cung phii hgp vdi cae nghien cdu tren vimg dit 51,81 trieu ding, td lgi nhuin trung binh ciing phen trudc day thip la 12,95 trieu dIng/vu/ha Nang suit mia thip Bang 9: Hiiu qua kinh te tiir cic loai cay trong KSD 5: Mia + Khdm cm tieu TB 7.992 20,57 Chi phi giong * 20,13 7.824 Chi phi lao dpng thuS • 18,53 7.199 Chi phi vSt tu • 37,34 14.511 Chi phi muon may moc * 3,43 1.333 Chi phi tuai tieu * 38.859 Tone chi phi * 59,78 Nang suat (tSn/ha) 0,85 Gia ban (ngan d6ng/kg) 51.811 Thu nhap * 12.952 Lpi nhuan * 0,33 B/C n201l (*)• DIT ngan ddng/vu/ha - Nguon: So li4u dieu tra va tinh loan thtrc ti r % TB 2.119 4.761 5.793 0,00 600 13.273 14,23 3,60 44.686 31,413 2,37 % 15,96 35,87 43,64 0,00 4,52 100,00 Top chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Thcr Phdn A • Khoa hgc Tir nhien Cong nghi va Mdi tnrdng 30 (2014):^ dIng/kg, ngudi dan cd thu nhap cho vy miaB 39,687 trieu d l i ^ Lpi nhuan la 7,57 trieu dlng/va B/C dat 0.24 Ddi vdi Igi nhuan v i B/C ciia igh KSD Ii t h i p , chu y l u chua ( ^ | diing m d c nen n i n g s u i t thap 3.2.6 Chiphi vd thu nhdp cua cdc cdy trong KSD6: Mia - Gimg Theo kit qua diiu Ua B i n g 10, tdng chi phi trung budi ciia vu mia 32,114 Uieu ding Trong chi phi thue m i y v i vat tu chilm han 50% N i n g suit mia Uung binh 46.25 lin/ha, gia b i n 820 Bang 10: Hi?u qua kinh te tfr cac loai cay t r l n g K S D : M i a + G u n g Mia TB Chi phi giong • Chi phi lao dpng thue * Chi phi v | t tu * Chi phi mucin may moc • Chi phi tuoi tieu * Tong chi phi • NSng suat (tan/ha) Gia ban (ngan dong/kg) Thu nhap * Lpi nhuan • B/C GlTDg % 17,35 18.16 25,95 29.19 9,34 100,00 5.573 5.833 8.333 9.375 3.000 32.114 46,25 0,82 39.687 7.573 0.24 TB % 23.750 10.639 26.333 5.937 6.958 73.617 8,85 10,73 111.500 37.883 0,51 32,26 14,45 35,77 8,07 9,45 100,00 (*) DVT ngdn ddng vu ha-Ngudn: Sd lieu dieu tra vd tinh todn Ihi^cten Qua Bing 10 cho thay, tong chi phi trung binh eua vy gimg dong KSD t i 73,6 trieu ding Ddi vdi giing d cic KSD phin Idn ehi phi tip trung cho v§t tu v i gilng Trong KSD n i y chi phi vit tu la 35,77% va g i l n g li 32,26% N i n g suit gimg Uong KSD thip (diudng phii thu sdm blrih) la 8.85 tan/ha gia ban trung binh k h i cao la 10.730 dIng/kg, thu nhgp dugc 111,50 trieu dong, co dugc lgi nhu^n n-ung binh la 37,88 Uieu dlng/vy va B/C la 0,51 D i i vdi KSD mia va gimg ed nang thieh nghi va eho hi?u qua cao Nhung can chii y diu tu ddng muc cho cay mia va eo gia thj Uudng tuang ddi chip nhgn dugc, d i n g thdi phong tri hi?u qua b?nh thoi eii tren ciy gimg 3.2 ~ Chi phi vd thu nhgp cua cdy mdu kieu su dvng Chuyin mdu binh quan la 11.500 d l n g / k ^ fliu nh^p 180 tri^ dong, cho lpi n h u i n trung binh 72,12 triSu dIng/vu/ha v i B/C dat 0,67 Bang 1 : Hi^u q u i k i n h te tir c i y man k i l u sir d u n g 7: C h u y e n m i u C h i tieu Chi phi giong * Chi phi lao dpng thue * Chi phi vat tu * Chi phi m u o n may moc * Chi phi tucri tieu * T6ng chi phi * Nang suit (tin/ha) Gia ban trung binh (ngan dang/kg) Thu nhap* Loi nhuan* B/C TB 36.250 10.133 45.500 14.000 2.000 107.883 V 33,S0 9,3! 42,18 12,9! 1,85 100,00 16 11,50 180.000 72.117 0,67 Doi vdi KSD ehuyin mau bao g i m biu bi dua, rau i n la eac logi mot nim co t h i sin xuit nhilu vy cac loai cay mau to thieh nghi tot vdi dilu kiln viing Ngoai co vii hp trlng thim khoai mdn, khoai tu (*): DVT ngdn dongA-u Jia-Ngudn Sd lieu dieu tra ^ tinh loan [hue li nam 2011- Mo hinh mdu gdm: rau Sn Id bdu-bi-dua khoai mon) m Theo kit qua diiu tra Bing 11, ting ehi phi trung binh cua vu mau 107.88 trieu ding Dll vdi KSD thi phai tdn nhilu ehi phi eho v§t tu (42.18%) va chi phi gilng (33.6%), cac chi phi Igi chi chilm phin nho (12.98%) T i n g ning suit cac I091 rau mau trung binh 15.65 tin/ha gia ban Doi vdi KSD chuyin mau, mang lgi hieu qua kinh t l kha cao khoang 106,51 dieu dIng/ha, neu tinh ch[ phi L D G D thi Igi nhuan tii mo hinh thu duge v i n eon cao khoang 98 trilu dong/ha va co t h i la cay U-|ng t i l m n i n g tten viing dit phen (Vfl Thi G u o n g va Le T i n Lgi, 2013) Tuy nhilu, (I6i vdi KSD n i y thi c i n ehi phi r i t cao vi t h i noi^ d^n it vdn se kho thuc hien, h o ^ chi lam vdi di?nddi Tap chi Khoa hgc Throng Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu- nhiin Cong nghe va Moi trwdng: 30 (20!4)- 59-69 nhd Nlu du von vi eanh tac vdi dien tich Idn thi KSp dit niy se co uu the vi vu rau miu thuang ngan vi canh tac dugc nhilu vy nam dl tieu thu va kha nang hoin vln an toin hon 3.2.8 Phdn tich hiiu qua kinh ti cdc logi cdy Irong cdc kiiu su dung ddt tgi vimg nghien cuu (102 trieu ddng/ha) tilp theo la cac cay miu (72,116 dIng/ha), kl din li cay khdm (32,02 ttilu dIng/ha), sau la mia 18,54 trieu dIng/ha Cay lua d noi eo kenh nong hd vi khdng cd kenh nong hd diu CO lgi nhuan thip (3,53 - 4,09) trieu dIng/ha, 4,09 ttieu dong/ha Tuy nhien, neu tinh theo B/C thi ciy khom dgt cao nhit (2,04); thd Qua Bang 12 ttmh bay trung binh chi phi, thu hai ii gimg (1,59); thd li ciy mau (1,67), thd tu nhip, lgi nhuin va B/C cua loai cay ttong cac li mia (0,58) va thap nhit li lua ttong cac KSD KSD cho thay: Igi nhuin ciia cay gimg li cao nhit (0,33-0,47) Bang 12: Phin tich hieu qua kinh tl cac logi cay trlng kilu su dung Chi tieu Mo hinh Liia KSD Tnmg binh Liia ttong KSD 2, 3,4 Trung binh mia ttong KSD 2,4, 5, Trung binh gdng ttong KSD 3, Trung binh chuyen man KSD Trung binh kh6m ttong KDS 2, Tbu nhip (lOOOd/ha) Chi phi (lOOOd/ha) LN (lOOOd/ha) B/C 12.843,26 14.159,44 53.188,50 167.666,6 180.000,00 47.698.96 8.753,71 10.624,52 34.647,77 65.667,5 107.883,33 15.676.42 4.089,55 3.534,92 18.541 102.000 72.116,67 32.022.54 0,47 0,33 0,58 1,59 0,67 2,09 Ngudn: Theo tinh todn cua tdc gid Nhin chung cae KSD dit deu chua dln§ nhit va 6n dinh vl ning suit ciing nhu liilu qui vl kinh tl diu tu va cham soe khae Mpt phin gii ci thi trudng va siu benh lam cho nang suat giim dan den thu nhgp giam Vi the ndng din cin dau tu diy dd vi dung vol quy ttinh ky thuit, phong ttj siu benh tdt nhim dua nang suit cay ttong da, cd dugc lgi nhuin va hieu qua cao nhit Qua phan tich cic KSD dit cho thiy, ttong dieu kien tliuc te tgi viing dim xa Minh Thuan, huyen U Minh thugng, tinh Kien giang ndng din cin ehgn KSD phii hgp vdi viec canh tie da dang cay trdng dl c6 thu nhap ben vihig hon Dilu niy cung phu hgp vdi quan dilm ciia Luang Thanh Hai (1998), md hlnh canh tic da dgng ndng - lam - ngu se cho hiiu qua cao hon la dgc canh cay lua ttin tit ca cac viing sinh thai, muc dp Igi nhuan cua cae mo hinh khae Dgc bilt la tten vung dit cd nhilu ttd ngai ttong sin xuit lam anh huong ldn din thu nhap ciia ndng dan Ciing theo iighien edu ciia Nguyin Van Cip (2009) vi cic md hinh tten vung dit phen cho bilt, huyin U Minh Thuang cd diy du dilu kien dl ap dyng md hinh Ida - ca - cay eong nghiep Bin canh dd, ttIn vimg dit phen thi viec thye • hien diing qui ttinh va ky thuit bdn phan ciing ky tliuat canh tie li bien phip rit quan ttpng Cu the, dll eho dit phen nang hay ttung bmh thi phin Iin vln dugc coi li phin quan ttgng nhit Khi bon Iin mpt phin lan de tieu dugc cung cip cho cay, mpt phin khic bi ket hgp vdi Fe, Al dang khd di dgng nen se khong ttue tiep lam tic dpng len bp re Ida, do liia ttanh dugc hien tugng ngp dgc phen giy (Vo Thi Guong va Nguyin My Hoa, 2010) Ben cgnh dd, he thong ho ttg cua Nha nude nen ddng bg, liln nginh, nhit la vdn, thuy Igi, td chuc nong din va chuyin giao ky thuat theo hudng da dang hoa ttong san xuat nong - lam - ngu cua vung dim thi rit cin thilt ttong tuong lai (Luong Thanh Hii, 1998) KET LUAN VA BE XUAT 4.1 Kit luin - Thuc ttang canh tic tgi vimg dim xa Minh Thuin huyen U Mmh nhieu kho khan Trinh dp van hda eua ngudi tham gia lao ddng true tilp cdn thip, lim ban che vile tiep can khoa hpc ky thuit Kinh tl ndng hp ngheo, da phin thilu von sin xuat Trong eac KSD dat, thi KSD chuyin miu eho lgi nhugn cao nhat, sau dd den cay khom va ciy mia rit thip li ciy Ida Tuy nhien, ve B/C, thi ciy khom dat cao nhit, kl din ciy mau va cay mia, thip nhat la cay liia Qua dieu tta khao sit thuc tl cho thay, ndng dan thieu von, chua tilp can nhilu khoa hpc k)' thuat nen ehua dau tu diing muc vi thuc hien diing quy trinh ky thuat canh tac ciing nhu phong ttu sau benh nen theo su dau tu tten timg KSD dit ma hieu qua cua tung loai ciy ttong khae Tap chi Khoa hgc Trwng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Tir nhien Cong nghv vd Mdi mrdng: 30 (201^ii, 4.2 Dl xuit Cd chinh sich hi ttg vi vln vi chuyin giao khoa hgc ky thuit dl ngudi dan co dilu kiln san xuit tlt hon nhim ting thu nhip, cai thien kinh tl gia dinh va phat trien kinh tl xi hpi ttong vimg TAI LI|:U THAM KHAO I Luang Thanh Hii (1998) Dilu tta va dinh gii he thong canh tic tten viing dem U Minh thupng tinh Kiln Giang Lugn van thgc sT, Trudng Dai hgc Can Tho LuongVanThanh(2010) Biln hpi, dinh gii tdng quan sinh thii Vudn Quoc gia U Minh Thugng vi de xuit giai phap bao tdn Bao cio tom tit, vi?n Ky thuit biln, Vien Khoa hge thuy lpi Viet Nam NXB Thanh HCM, 2010 Nguyin Van Cap (2009) Danh gia hiltt^ kinh te cua md hinh canh tac d vung {tea vudn quoc Gia U Minh Thugng, hnh Ki&i Giang Luan van thgc sT kinh tl, T n i o i i ^ hpc c i n Tho ^ ^ Nguyin Duy Gin, 1991 Nghien cihi h$ thing canh tic tren vimg dit phen nirig huyen An Bien, Kiln Giang Kit q a a a i ^ cuu He Thing Cardi Tie, Tnrdng DHCT Vd Thi Guang va Nguyin My Hoa Mot sd kit qua nghiin cdu vl sir dung va quin ly dit phen d DBSCL Nhi xuit bin Nong nghiip, TP HCM Trang 65 - 100 V6 Thi Guong vaLI Tin Lcri (2013) Xay dung cae mo hinh canh tie eo hiiu qui triu dat phen khu vuc tii dinh cu KhC Diln Dam xa Khan An hu^en U Minh, tinh Ca Man Bio cio ting ket 6k tii nghien ciiu khoa hpc cap Tinh ... trudng- 30 COI4j- 59-69 MO DAU Minh Thuan la mgt xa cd diln tieh tu nhien ldn nhit huyen U Minh Thugng, li mot U'' ong hai xa quin Iy vimg dem Vudn Qude gia U Minh Thugng, thugc xa ngheo theo chuong... cho minh kieu su dung dit thich hgp va chua ap dung nhieu khoa hpc ky thuat dl ning cao dupe ning suit va chat lupng sin phim Nghien cuu budc diu ciia Nguyen van Cap (2009) ve, danh gia hieu qua... 135 cua Chinh phii Ngudi dan chu ylu sing b i i ^ nghi nong, dit san xuat triing, nhieu phen khong chu dgng dugc nude, cac loai dit d vung dem U Minh Thugng dugc hinh tu viit 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