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Joumal ofScience and Technology N 170(8 2015) Mlitary University of Science and Technology XAY DV>JG Q U A N H E GltTA TIEU TON NANG LU ĝfNG NO VA MÛ C DQ DAP VOf DAT DA KHI NO MIN TRONG THI CONG KH[.]
1 Joumal ofScience and Technology.-N 170(8-2015) - Mlitary University of Science and Technology X A Y DV>JG Q U A N H E GltTA TIEU TON NANG LU^gfNG NO VA MU^C DQ DAP VOf DAT DA KHI NO MIN TRONG THI CONG KHOAN NO Dl/CnVG H A M TREN MO HINH NO DIEN Ddm Trgng Thdng, Vu Trpng Hieu Bai bao trinh baykfit qui nghien ciiu thuc nghiem, phan tich, danh gia va xay dung quan he giiia tieu ton nang lugng n6 va miic dp dap vo dat d i tren mo hinh no dien cho hai trucmg h ^ thi cong khoan no duong ham mpt mat thoang va hai mat thoang Ket qua phan tich thuc nghifm cho pbep danh gia mot each true quan sy bien doi quan h? giiia nang lupng no cSn thifit de pha vo mpt dem vi thi tich dk da vdi mijc dap vd dit da c3n thiet dieu chinh s6 tn^t thoang Dat van de Qua th\rc tg thi cong cung nhu ket qua ciia cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve no khang dinh ring miic dp kho va de xue hoc, van tai hay hieu qua ciia cong tac xiic boc, van tai ph\i thupc vao mde dp dap vd dat da (MDDVDD), ma MDDVDD lai phu thuoc vao cac thdng sd khoan nd Nhu vay, c6 the thay MDDVDD la mgt dai lupng dac tnmg, d?i difn cho tinh todn hieu qua cua mgt chu ky khoan no [1 - 3], [6 - 9] Hien nay, cdc ca sd khoa hgc va quy luat ve MDDVDD thi cong no tren cdng trudng lp thien tuong ddi hoan thien, nhien doi vdi cong trinh ngam rat h ^ che [1 - 9] De nghien cim ve MDDVDD no co the tien hanh bang phuang phap ly thuyet hoac thuc nghiem dieu kien thuc te ngoai tu nhien hoac tren mo hinh [1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11] Nhin chung, nghien cuu vg quy luat MDDVDD thi phuong phdp thuc nghifm van co dp sat thuc cao hon ly thuydt Do didu kifn thuc tien kho khan nen lira chgn nghien cuu blng mo hinh la mgt gidi phap can thiet [7, 10, 11] Dudi day bai bao trinh bay phuang phap iing dung mo hinh nd difn, kit qua nghien cuu, phan tich, danh gia so sanh vh quy luat MDDVDD hai didu kifn dudng ham mot mat thoang va hai mat thoang dd co thd k8 thira ly thuyit nd cua didu kidn 16 thien Cff Sff Iy thuyet chung ve miVc dap vff d i t da Khi cung c ^ mdt nang luong nd dii ldn vao khoi da thi khdi da se bi pha hiiy Neu tang tiep chi tidu nang luang nd, ban diu cudng pha hiiy cac khdi dit da se tang len, sau bat dau tinh trang bao hoa va cudi cimg la qua trinh tieu hao nang lucmg Hoc vi?n KTQS 170 J Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Ky thudt.-Sd 170(8-2015) - Hgc vijn KTQS khdng cd loi, vd ich (Hinh 1) Khi cudng dp pha buy se diing lai va dudng cong thay ddi vupt khoi dudng bidn va chay song song vdi true hoanh (Id dudng song song vdi true hodnh) [1,2,8,9] ~^ ^., Hinh S^phu thugc ti li dd qud CCT vdo chl diu thuoc nd Khi xem xet nd dudng ham, nhan thiy vd ca chg pha vd dit da, co bdn nd dudng ham vd no Id thidn la gidng Didm khac d day Id didu kien nd Ddi vdi nd dudng ham thi ban chd so lupng mat thoang, difn tich mat thodng va han chd qud trinh bay vang ciia dat dd theo phuang vudng gdc vdi true dudng bim Cac diem khac dan ddn mdt thuc te nhu chiing ta da bidt Id nd dudng him thi tieu ^ n nang lupng se ldn han vd dp ddp vd dit dd ciing manh hon so vdi nd Id thidn Ngoai nhung sy khac ma true quan co thd thiy duoc, nghien ciiu vg nd dudng ham va nd lp thidn thay co nhirng diem tuang ddng (do gidng vg co chd pha va dat da) Khi thay ddi so lupng mat thodng thi su bidn ddi ve dac diem d ^ vd dat da nd dudng ham ciing tuong tu nhu nd Id thidn, nhidn chua ed nhirng ket qud nghidn cihi cu thd Chinh vi vgy, n ^ d n ciiu bang thuc nghiem se gdp phan lam sang td ban van dg Gidi thifu md hinh thi nghifm nh dien Md hinh thi nghidm nd difn dupc xay dung dua tren nguydn ly phd vd dit da blng nang lupng nd Kd thira kdt qud nghidn cuu ciia Nga cho ring, nang lupng chit n6 vd nang lupng difn hd quang nd deu cd bdn chit vat ly tuong tu phd buy dit da Chinh vi v^y, phuong phdp nd difn da dupc khai thdc ap dpng triet dd, phuong phap dgt hieu qud Phdng Tbi nghifm nd cua trudng Dai hpc Tdng hpp Md Matxcava [10, 11] Cac phin quan trpng nhit ciia md hinh gdm cd bp phan tao nang lupng nd difn (thidt bi n6 difn gom phin tich dien va phan phdng dien) va cdc mau thi nghifm md ta tuang ung di&i kifn thi cdng thpc td (Hinh vd 3) 171 .loumal OfScience and Technology.-N 170(8-2015) - Military University (fSiience and Tech Nguyen ly hoat dpng cua thiSt bj n6 dien la tich di$n vao cac m dien c6 dung luong ldn, sau nang lupng dupc phong tvr cac tu v4 giai phong cac dau phong dupc thiSt ki tir cic spi kim loji Cdc d^u phong dupc dat khdi mlu gi6ng nhu c4c lupng n6 dat da Khi nang lupng giai phong tai cac dau phong se lam pha vd dat da y^^y^^ fT*=^ *« ^^>>>>x'x'>>x'x'>^> ^ > > V Hinh 2, Sa dd thit nghiim bdng mo hinh nd dien - thiet bi nd di^n: - ddy nd; - budng nd; - mdu thu; - ddy phong dien ^ a) D$t cong sudt vu no Hinh Hinh dnh thiet bi nd diin tde gid di xudt che tao tgi Vi$t ^ Mo ta npi dung va kit qua nd thuc nghifm - Cdng cu Sli dung thi nghiem gom; thiet bj nd dien cung cdp nang lupng vu no ddn 500 J, day phdng difn, cac mau thach cao, budng nd, bp sang tidu chuin, cantieuly vdi dp chinh xac 0,5 g (Hinh 5), thudc ke - Mau thii nghifm bang thach cao gdm loai va 2, tuang iing dupc bo tri va no theo didu kifn mft mat thoang va hai mat thoang - Cdc mau thach cao trpn cat dupc diic khudn sit, khudn sit gidng nhu bien cua dudng him va didu kifn nd dien sau cdc lo khoan tgo bidn nd trudc (Mnh 4) - Cdc day tao xung nd didn dupc bd tri d tam ciia mat mdu, dp sau hat nd bang 15 mm vd 20 mm tuang iing mlu loai va logi (ffinh 7) 172 Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Ky thudt.-Sd 170(8-2015) - Hgc viin KTQS Bdng Ihdng sd ctia mdu thi nghiim ^^^ STT Ten mau Lo^ I Logi Kich thuoc dai X rdng x cao (mm) 30x30x60 40x40x80 Hinh Cdn vd mdu Tn^g luong the tich (g/cm^) UI Cuong dp chiu nen (kg/cm^) 40 V(int6c song doc (m/s)' 810 1,21 _^y_ 40 _ ^ L ^^0 J Hinh Bo tri lugng no mdu Quy trinh thi nghiem nhu sau: - Nd vdi cdc miic nang lupng tij thap ddn cao; - Phan loai kich thudc hat sau nd bang bp sang tieu chuin (Hinh 5); - Xdc djnh khdi lupng tiing cd hat bdng can tidu Iy vdi dp cbinh xac 0,5 g; - Xac dinh ti If phin tram timg co hgt, xac dinh kich thudc hat trung bmh Moi thi nghifm lam trgn mpt td m i u gdm sdu mau gidng (theo quy dinh tai TCVN 3105-1993 va TCVN 4453-1995 vd liy m l u va thi nghifm vat lifu) Gia trj thu dupc se la trung binh cpng cua sd lifu tfr cac thi nghifm tidn hanh vdi cac mdu td mau Cdc kdt qua dupc sau nd dupc the hidn bang 173 1, nf^rtP^rp nnd Technolosv -N170(8-2015) - Military University ofScience and Technology Bdng Ket qud thi nghiem Ten t5 Ham lirmig h?I (g) 40 ^6 (cm) S (cm^) N5ng lii?ng n6(J) The tich nang lugng dcrn vj q, ()/cm') (%)hai >Dx = 23 mm M^t mit thoang ILi 0,70 1,40 0,70 1,70 3.00 7,80 3,41 12,75 60,00 4,71 81,70 2L1 0,80 1,60 0,70 2,50 3.10 8.10 3.33 14,00 70,00 5,00 81,55 3L2 0,70 1,60 1,20 4,00 3,10 7.90 3,22 15,42 80,00 5,19 81,08 4LI 0,70 1,40 5,00 3,40 2,60 9.00 3,02 18,42 100,00 5,43 67,87 5,58 65,45 57,18 0,70 1,20 8,50 7.30 3,60 8.80 2,80 25,08 140,00 6L2 1,60 2.60 9,80 10,20 2,30 6,20 2,40 27,25 170,00 6,24 7L1 2.20 3,80 9,20 11.90 2.40 5,90 2.31 29,50 190.00 6.44 8L2 2,30 5.00 9,80 11,10 2.50 6,30 2,27 30,83 210.00 6,81 53,78 230.00 7,11 46,91 7,92 46:70 5L2 57,06 9L2 2,60 6,10 11,90 10,20 2.70 5,30 2,11 32.33 lOLI 3.80 14,70 2.50 8,80 5,40 4,20 1.92 32.83 260,00 11L2 5.30 17,10 1,30 8,90 4,30 4,10 1,75 34,17 300,00 8,78 42,20 12LI 6,80 15,40 6.80 2,50 5,80 4,50 1,68 34,83 330,00 9,47 30,62 5,40 4,20 1,59 35,42 360,00 10,16 28,71 13L2 7,10 17.80 5,40 2,60 I4L2 7.60 18.90 6,90 2,30 5.10 4,00 1,52 37,33 400.00 10,71 25,45 15L1 7,90 19,00 6,90 1,10 10.30 0,00 1,45 37,67 420.00 11,15 25,22 23,38 16L1 8,60 20.50 7,60 0,10 11,10 0,00 1,42 39,92 460.00 11,52 17L2 8,30 21,10 8.20 0,10 11,10 0,00 1,42 40,67 470,00 11,56 22,95 ISLI 8,00 20,30 9,00 0,60 10,40 0.00 1,42 40,25 480,00 11,93 22,77 I9L2 8,00 20,40 9,20 0,20 10,60 0,00 1.42 40,33 490,00 12,15 22,31 0,00 1,42 40,50 500,00 12,35 22,22 20LI 8.20 20,30 9,30 0,10 10.70 i r 1.( ; » t il Bl Hal m$t thofin B 21L2 0.60 0,00 0.30 4,70 3,60 6.00 3,42 12,67 60,00 4,74 94,08 22L1 0,70 0,00 0,30 6,10 3,90 6.60 3,37 14,67 70,00 4,77 94,32 23L2 1.55 0.90 0,90 3.40 8.90 9,00 3,35 20,55 100,00 4,87 86,39 24L1 1,20 0.70 2,70 13.90 6,60 6,70 2,92 26,50 130,00 4,91 85,53 2SL1 1.10 4,10 7,60 10,30 7.20 5,50 2,53 29,83 160,00 5,36 64,25 26L2 3.30 5,90 10.40 10,40 6,90 4,90 2,23 34,83 200,00 5,74 53,11 27L1 2,90 8,90 14.40 6.30 6,30 4.60 2,02 36,17 220.00 6,08 39,63 2SL: 4,00 10.10 15,00 6.30 5,20 3,50 1,83 36,75 260.00 7,07 34,01 29LI 4,30 10.30 153 6.50 4,90 3,20 1,79 37,00 280,00 7,57 32,88 30 L2 4.80 10.70 \520 6,60 4,60 3,00 1,74 37,42 300,00 8,02 31,63 31L1 5.20 10,90 16,60 5,70 4,30 2,80 1,68 37,92 310.00 8,18 28,13 J2LI 5.50 11,50 16.10 5,50 4,20 2.80 1,65 38,00 330.00 8.68 27,41 33L2 6,50 12,60 14.90 5.60 5,10 2,30 1,61 39,17 350,00 8,94 27,66 34L1 7,00 13,50 14,40 5,30 4.90 2,30 1,57 39,50 370,00 9,37 26,37 35L2 5,60 14,90 15,40 5,40 7,00 0,00 1,53 40,25 430,00 10,68 25,67 36L1 7,50 20,50 7,00 5,00 9,30 0,00 1,48 41,08 460,00 11,20 29,01 37L2 7,30 20,20 7.30 5,50 8,90 0,00 1,48 41,00 470,00 11,46 29,27 38L1 7,40 20.20 7.40 5,50 8,90 0,00 1,48 41.17 480.00 11,66 29,15 39L2 7,30 20.10 7.30 5.70 8,80 0.00 1,48 41,00 490,00 11,95 29,47 40L1 7.30 19,80 7,50 5,80 8.70 0.00 1,48 40,92 500,00 12,22 29,53 l' 1I 174 ^ Tap chi Khoa hoc vd Ky thudt -S6 170(8-2015) - Hpc vifn KTQS Thiet l|p cac quy lu|t thyrc nghi£m Tix cac so lieu bang cho phep thilt lap dugc cac m6i quan he giira cac thong sd sau; S.l Doi v&i lif^g no mpt mgt thodng Khao sat so lieu \'i m6i tuong quan giiia thg tich phlu pha huy (V)\i nang luong n6 (£) nhan thSy, E tang ldn hem gia tri £* = 470 J, thi thi tich mlu hi pha huy dao dpng nglu nhiSn phjm vi rat hep tir 40,25 cm' dSn 40,67 cm' Trong pham vi nay, CO thS xem thS tich pha huy dat bao hoa, voi gia tri trung binh Vn, = V* = 40,44 cm' Nhu vay, diem Y* va E* co thS xem la diSm giai h^n dac tinh nang lupng pha huy n6 Sli dung phuong phap ham so xap xi binh phuong nho nhit, cho ph6p thi8t lap duac moi quan he giiia thong s6 the tich pha huy tuong dfli V/V* va nang lucfng nd tuong doi E/E* M6i quan h$ dupc thS hi$n thong qua cac phuang trinh v4 hinh dudri day: ¥iaEIE*< l,tftc£ J , taco: F = 40,44,cm' (2') s v PHU THUQC C O A T H C T l C H T i r a N a E l O l c O A D A B I P H A H a v VAO N A N G L l / C N O N TirarNO B O I KHI NO MQT MAT T H O A N O " ô I., i ^ ^ ã - ^ ^ •• ** 33 f-—c#r N i n g kf^ns nA brsnB OAl E>E* Hlnh Quy lugt phu thugc the tich tucmg doi cua mduphd huy vd ndng luang nd tucmg ddi nd mgt mat thodng Joumil OfScience and Technology.-N.170(S-2015) - Mlitary University ofScience and Technology Phan tich s6 Ueufl-ongbang cho phep thiet lap quy luat vl su phy thupc kich thuocflimgbinh cua cue da mlu sau n6 va tieu t6n nang lupng pha huy mpt don vi the tich mau co dang phucmg trinh dudi day va mo \& d6 thi tren hinh SVPHU THUOC c u * KiCH THUCTC TRUMG * I H CflA C U f B A VAO CHi TIEU NANG LUDNG N d K H NO M ^ MAT THOANG ^ \ J ' f ' V 1^=0,982 "'^^ J": C»tmt ning hrgnii ni,Jfcni3 Hinh Quy luat sit vi sir phy thuoc kich thuac trung binh oia OfC dd mdu sau no vd chi t ndng luang phd huy mot don Vf the tich mdu, no guang no mill mgi thodng Quan h? giiia D^ va q se la: D,, = 14,039?'°''", R' = 0,982 (3) o dSy, Z),j- Hch thudc trung binh cua cyc da mau sau nd, cm; q - tidu tdn nang lupng phi hiiy mdt dom vi thd tich miu da hay cdn gpi id chi tidu nang lupng nd, J/cm' 5.2 Doi v&i ltt0ig nd hai mgt thodng Tuong tu nhu doi vdi guong nd mpt mjt thoang, se cd cac kdt qua tuong umg nhu sau: Gia trj £ • = 460 J; gia tri trung binh V,i,= V* ^ 41,03 cm' Khi E/E* < 1, tiic £ < 460 J, ta c6: V ( E Y'"' — =1-0,03411^1 ,R^ =0,927 Khi EIE* > 1, nic£ >460 J, ta cd- — V* TCrdd, 176 (4) =1 (5) Khi £ < 460 J, tacd: F = 41,03-38317,55.£''»', cm' (4') Khi £ > 460 J, ta cd: F = 41,03, cm' (5') Tap chi Khoa hpc vd Ky thudt-So 170(8-2015) - Hgc viin KTQS SI;-PHM THUQC C O A THE TfCH P H A H D Y T U C T N G e - » s , ^ ^ Chi tieu ndng luwng n ^ j/cm^ Hinh 11 Quy lugt ve s^phu thugc Idch thudc trung binh cda cue da mdu sau nd vd chi tieu ndng lugmg phd hdy mgt dan vi thi tich mdu no guang nd hai mgt thodng 111 Joumal OfScience and Technology.-N 170(8-2015) - Military University ofScience and Technology Ket luSn Qua cac phan tich, danh gia k§t qua n6 thuc nghiem tren mo hinh no dien vdi c^c loai miu co kich thuac, s6 lugng mat thoang khde nhau, co thS nit mpt so ket luan nhu sau: - Khi tang chi tieu nang lucmg n6, mure dp d^p vo ddt da tang l e a - Su bien ddi cua miic dp dap va d4t da la khong d8u tang d i n chi ti§u nang lupng n6 Ban dau, cung vai su thay d6i chi tieu nang lupng no thi s\r bien doi ve miic dp d|ip va d4t da la tuang d6i ro rang Tuy nhien, bat dau tu mpt gia tri nao neu tiep tyc tang chi tieu nang lupng n6 thi mure dp dlq) vo ddt da bien doi rat it nang lupng bj tieu hao chu yiu vao qud trinh bay vang chii khong lam dat da va vun them, doi vcri no nhi€u m^t thoang han thi hi^n tuong dien sam hon - Ve muc dp tin cay ciia mo hinh va khd nang ap dyng cdc ket qua nghien cuu thye n g h i ^ : Cac kit qud da dat dupc tir vice sii dyng md hinh thi nghiem no di$n phu hpp voi quy tuat thye te da chiing minh mure dp tin cdy cua mo hinh Dang quy ludt cua sy bien doi miic dp dap va ddt dd theo chi tieu nang lupng no khong phy thupc vk) kich thuoc mdu hay miic dp 16n nho cua nang lupng no, Idxi sii dyng cdc k6t qua thuc nghidm dk ldm co so tinh todn cho mpt cong trinh cu th6 thi cdn cdc he s6 hi?u chinh vg kich thuac cong trinh, dp ciing dat dd - Cdc ket qud thu nghidm la hodn todn phu hpp vai nghien ciiu ly thuyet ciing nhu tuang dong vai ddc diem pha va ddt dd ciia n6 lp thien vd se lam co scr cho cdc nghien cuu tiep theo Tai lieu tham khao H6 Sl Giao, Dam Trpng Thdng, Le Van Quygn, Hodng Tudn Chung No hda hgc ly thuyet vd thuc tien Nxb Khoa hpc vd Ky thu^t, 2010 Nguyen Dinh Au, Nhu Van Bach Phd va ddt dd bang phuang phdp khoan nd Nxb Giao dye, 1998 Le Van Quy6n Nghien cuu muc dg dgp va ddt da hgp /jJ cho cdc md lg thien a Vi^t Nam Luan dn tien sT Igf thuat, Hd Npi, 2009 Do Nhir Trdng Gido trinh thi cong Cong trinh ngdm Nxb Quan dpi Nhan dan, 2001 Nguyen van E)u6c,V6 Trgng Hung Cong nghg xdy dung Cong trinh ngdm.-Hidi