Kinh te & Chinh sdch ^ \f6c LU''''ONG MlTC SAN LONG CHI TRA CUA NGU''''DI DAN NHAM GIAM THiEU 6 NHIEM MOI TRU*dNG Nlf6c TAI LANG NGHE V ^ PHUC HA DONG Ngd Thi Thiiy'''', Tran Thi Thu Ha^ Vu Thu Thuy^ ''''Th S Kho[.]
Kinh te & Chinh sdch ^ \f6c LU'ONG MlTC SAN LONG CHI TRA CUA NGU'DI DAN NHAM GIAM THiEU NHIEM MOI TRU*dNG Nlf6c TAI LANG NGHE V ^ PHUC - HA DONG Ngd Thi Thiiy', Tran Thi Thu Ha^ Vu Thu Thuy^ 'Th.S Khoa Kinh te vd Qudn tri kinh doanh ^T.S Khoa Kinh ti vd Qudn tri kinh doanh ^Sinh vien khoa 55 Khoa Kinh te vd Qudn trf kink doanh TOM TAT Nghe det nhupm da dua lai viec lam va thu nhap cao cho nguoi dan lang n ^ l Van Phuc Tuy nhien, chat thai tir qua trinh san xuat dang gay nhiem n ^ e m trpng moi trucmg nuoc tai lang, n6ng dp cac ch^ BOD5, NH4 va coliform deu cao tren miic cho [^ep O nhiem moi tnrcmg nuac da gay nhieu Ioai b^nh cho nguoi dan lang nhu tieu chay, viem phe quan, viem phoi Uoc lucmg miic san long chi tra (WTP: Willingness to pay) cua ngucri dan dia phucmg de thuc hi?n cac giai phap nham giam thieu tinh trang nhiem moi truong nuoc tai lang nghe Van Phiic la van de cap thiet Phucmg phap hoi quy ciing duoc su dung de danh gia cac y£u to anh hu6ng d^n WTP cho vi^c c4i thiSn moi tmong nuoc cila lang nghS Kk qua cho thay: tuoi ciia nguoi dupc phong van, trinh hoc van, Ihu nhap, nghe nghi^ va viec co lam to chiic moi tru&ng la nhung yeu to anh huong den muc sin long chi tra cua nguoi dan nham giam thieu nhilm moi trucmg tai lang nghe, do, bien nghe n^iep co tac dpng ro ret nhat De giam thieu nhiem moi truong nudc tai lang nghe, khong chi phu thupc vao cac co quan chuc nang ma phu thupc phan ldn vao y thiic cua nguoi dSn lang nghe Van Phuc TCr khoa: O nhiem moi Irudng nu&c, muc sdn long chi trd, gidm thieu nhiem, moi truimg nu&c, u&c lugng muc son long chi trd I DAT VAN DE Nghd ddt nhudm da dua Iai vide Iam va thu nh|ip cao cho ngudi dan lang nghd Van Phiic Tuy nhidn, chdt thdi tu qua h^nh sdn xudt dang gay d nhiem nghiem trgng mdi trudng nudc tai ldng, ndng cac chat BOD5, NH4* vd coliform deu cao trdn muc cho phep O nhidm mdi trudng nudc da gay nliieu Ioai bdnh cho ngudi ddn lang nhu tieu chdy, vidm phd quan, viem phdi Gidm thieu d nhiem mdi trudng tai ldng nghe la van de c ^ thiet hien Nghien cihi de cap den thuc trang d nhiem mdi trudng nudc tai Idng nghd Van Phiic, muc sin long chi trd cua ngudi ddn nhdm giam thidu d nhilm mdi trudng nudc ciing nhu cdc ydu td dnh hudng ddn miic sdn long chi trd cua ngudi dan dd gjdm thieu d nhiem mdi trudng nudc II PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 N^i dung nghien ciru - Thyc trang d nhiera mdi trudng nudc tai lang nghe Van Phiic 124 - Miic sdn Idng cbi trd cua ngudi dan nham gidm thieu d nhiera mdi trudng nudc tai Idng nghi Van Phuc - Cdc ydu td dnh hudng ddn rauc san Idng chi tra ciia ngudi ddn de gidm thidu d nhidm radi hudng nudc tai lang nghd Van Phiic 2.2 Phirong phdp ngbien cihi 2.2.1 Phuomg phdp thu thgp sd lieu S6 lieu so cap dugc thu th^p thdng qua quan sat thyc te, phdng van true tidp ngudi dan, thdng qua phieu didu tra chgn mdu Nhiing ngudi dan dugc chgn dd phdng vdn dugc chgn mgt each ngau nhidn, dam bao la nhirng ngudi cd thu nhap + Cd mdu: phdng vdn 120 ngudi (diii dien cho 120 hd); + Dia didm dieu tra: Dugc tien hanh trdn to ddn phd tai phudng V^n Phuc, moi td ddn phd didu tra 30 ngudi Cdc thdng tin lien quan din mdu phdng vdn Nhiing d^c didm ca bdn ctia ngudi dugc phdng van dugc the hidn bdng 1: TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH$ LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 Kinh ti & Chinh sdch - Giai tmh: Trong so 120 ngudi dugc phdng vdn cd 58 ngudi la nam gidi chidm 48% va 62 ngudi la nQ gidi chidm 52% - Tudi: Trong 120 ngudi dugc hdi, ngudi cd tuoi cao nhat Id 70, tudi thap nhdt Id 20, tudi trung binh ciia ngudi dugc phdng van la 44 tudi - Trinh hgc vdn: Sd nam di hgc trung bmh la I I - Ngbi nghiep va thu nhap: + Nghd nghidp Nhirng ngudi dugc phdng vdn Iam nghd budn ban chidm ty le Idn ^S,41% tdng sd 120 hd gia dinh dugc phdng van, ty Id gjua nhirng ngudi ngoai khu vuc Nha nudc (budn ban, ndng dan, sdn xuat nhd, nghd khac) cao hon khodng Ian so vdi nhiing ngudi khu vuc Nhd nudc Bang Mgt so dgc diem ca bdn cua ngudi dugc phong vdn Chi tieu Tong so hg dieu tra -Nam -NO - Thu nhap binh quan hang nam - So nhan khau binh quan - Trinh (fp hpc van binh quan Nglie ngliifp - CBVC nha nirac - Lao dong plio thong - Kinh doanh - Sinh vien - IChong CO viec - Nglii him - Nghe ngtiidp Ichac Don vi NgirM Nguoi Nguoi D6n^ngu6i/nam IGiau/ho Nam Ngiroi Nguoi Nguoi Nguoi Nguoi Ngudi Nguoi Nguin So luwng 120 58 62 35.140.000 11 120 44 15 37 Tyll(%) 100 48 52 - 100 36,67 6,67 12,5 3,33 2.5 30,83 7,5 (Nguon: Tong hgp tiisd ligu diiu tra, 2014) + Thu nhap: Qua khdo sat phdng van hd gia dinh cho thdy: miic thu nhdp chung tir 2.000.000 3.000.000 ddng tdp trung vdo cdc hd kinh doanh vd khu vuc Nhd nudc, cdn muc thu nhap dudi 500.000 ddng chiem ty le nhd, chu yeu Id cdc bd ndng dan Muc thu nhdp binh qudn cua ngudi dugc phdng van mau dieu Id 2.928.295 ddng/thang 2.2.2 Phuang phdp xuly so lieu - Phucmg phdp thdng ke md td; - Phucmg phdp so sdnh: ' Phutmg phdp CYM; - Phucmg phdp hoi quy Phuang phdp ndy dugc sir dung dd phdn tich miic udc lugng ciia cac yeu to tdi muc sdn long chi trd (WTP) cua ngudi dan dd gidm thidu d nhiem mdi trudng nudc tai lang nghe Van Phiic Md hinh sii dung la md hinh tuyen tinh da bgi cd dang nhu sau: WTP= Po + PiX, + P2X2 + P3X3+ P4Xjf P5D1 + P6D2 + P7D3+Ui Trong dd: WTP: miic sdn long chi tra (nghin ddng/hg/nam); po: he sd tu do; Pi: he sd hdiquy (i=I-7); Xt: tudi ngudi dugc phdng van (Nam); X2: trinh dp hgc van (theo sd ndm di hgc); TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 125 Kinh ti & Chinh sdeh Xy sd nhdn khau ciia hd (ngudi); X4: thu nhdp tnmg binh hdng thang cua hg gia dinh (nghin/hg/nam); Di: nghe nghidp (1: tham gia sdn xuat lya, 0: ngdnh nghd khac); D2: ngudi quydt dinh (I; Ngudi dugc phdng vdn quyet dinh, 0: Ngudi dugc phdng van khdng quyet dinh); D3: tham gia td chirc Mdi trudng (I: cd tham gia, 0: khdng tham gja); Uj: sai so ngdu nhien UL KET QUANGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Thurc trang nhilm mdi trirdng nirffc tai Idng ngh^ V^n Phuc 3.1.1 Hiai6gt^ chdt beffr^ nudc mat tgi ^ngmhe Nudc m|Lt tgi lang nghd chu yeu la ao, hd chiia va kdnh thodt nudc thdi tii cac hg gia dinh sdn xuat tbii cdng Tir kdt qud quan trdc cho thdy: nudc smh boat trdn tai ldng nghe ddu hi d nhidm nong BOD5, NHj"^ ddu cao trdn mdc cho phep Bdng Kit qudphdn tich nudc tgi cdc diemxd thdi cua ldng nghe Vgn Phuc ndm 2013 10 Chi tieu Donvi Nhiet pH TSS BODs Sunhia NH,* »C NOJ- Dau mo DTV PO,^ Coliform mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MNP/lOOml Ket qua NT06 26 7,4 82 71 2,4 40 13 10,5 3,9 8200 QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - 5,0-9,0 100 50 4,0 10 50 20 10 5000 (Ngudn: UBND qudn Hd Dong 2014) Ghi chii: NT06-nuac tai micang nhgn nudc thdi tir ldng nghi Vgn Plmc; QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT- quy chudnfeythugt qudc gia ve nu&c thdi sinh hogt Nguyen nhdn d nhidm la cac ca sd ddt nhudm ciia lang ddu chua cd he thdng xu Iy nudc thai tap tmng hoac cd nhung chua dugc xii Iy tri?t de trudc dd he thdng thodt nudc cua qudn, vdy nudc thai dang va se gay ndn tinh trang d nhilm tai cac kdnh, muang tiep nhdn nudc thai 3.1*2 Hign trgng chdt lugmg nudc ngdm tgi ldng nghi Kdt qud quan trac cho thdy nudc ngam tai cac xa tren dia ban qudn Ha Ddng khdng bi d nhiem, cac thdng sd ddu thap ban nhieu so vdi QCVN 02:2009/BTNMT Tuy nhidn, theo khao sat va nghien ciiu ciia khoa Hda hgc, trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Ty nhien, Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, ngudn nudc chay tu cac 126 CO so nhudm d Idng lya Van Phiic chiia ndng cac chat hda hgc dgc hai nhu: N2CO3, CH3COOH, H2S, NA2S cao hon tidu chudn cho phep tir - Idn, Hien nay, ngudn nudc phuc vu cho muc dich sinh hoat t^i cdc khu ddn cu trdn dia ban quan la ngudn nudc ngdm nha may nudc Ha Ddng khai thac tu t^ng cudi sdi Ngudn nudc sau dugc khai thac dd dugc xii Iy bdng cac phuong phap thich hgp nhu gian mua, keo tu, lgc hap thy, khii trung 3.2 Mdc sdn Idng chi tra (WTP) cua ngirdi dan cho viec khdc phuc tinh trang nhilm moi trirdng nirdc tai Idng nghe V^n Phiic 3.2.1 Mirc sdn long chi trd cua ngudi ddn cho viic khdc phuc Anh trgng d nhiim mdi trudng nu&c tgi ldng nghi Vgn Phdc TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 Kinh te & Chinh sdch Bang So ngudi dong y vd khdng Sng y sdn long chi trd di khdc phgc tinh trgng nhiim mdi tnrdng nu&c tgi lang nghi Vgn Phuc _.- , S6 lugng T y l | l"''"'^' fngirdi) (%) 99 82,5 - Cd san long chi tra 21 -Khdng san long chi tra 17,5 120 100 Tongso (Ngudn: Tong hgp tit sd lieu dieu tra, 2014) Qua bang ta thdy 82,5% ddng y san Idng chi trd mgt khodn phi de khac phuc d nhiem mdi trudng Ddi vdi nhirng ngudi "khdng ddng y san Idng chi tra", miic WTP ciia hg dugc gia dinh bang khdng, nghTa la hg khdng nhdn thuc dugc tdm quan trgng ciia vi?c thu gom, xu ly rdc thai vd cai tao ngudn nudc Iuu vyc sdng Nhu?, ciing nhu dnh hudng cua mdi trudng d nhiem ddn siic khde cua hg hoac thu nhdp ciia hg qud thdp, khdng the trang trai them mdt khodn chi hang nam, hoac hieu qua sii dyng vdn ciia dia phuong khdng hidu qua Muc WTP cua 120 ngudi dugc phdng vdn la 150.000 ddng/hg/nam tuong duong vdi muc WTP binh qudn cua cac hd bdng Idng chi tra la 12.500 ddng/hg/thang, iing vdi muc phi thu v? sinh trdn dia bdn phd Ha Ndi Quydt dinh so I6/2009/QD-UBND ngdy 09/01/2009 cua UBND ttianh Ha Ngi Bang Ly sdn long chi trd nhdm cdi thign dnh hlnh d nhiem mdi trudng nudc luu virc sdng Nhug Chi deu So lirgrng Gop phan giam thieu d nhiem mdi trudng nudc tai dja phuang 48 De ngudi dan cd siic khde tdt hom 26 Giam bdt ganh niing cho cpng ddng 19 Ly khac Tdng Ty Id (%) 48,48 26,26 19,19 6,07 (Nguon: Tong hgp tie so lieu dieu tra, 2014) Trong tdng 120 ngudi dugc hdi thi cd 21 ngudi khdng ddng y san Idng ddng gdp vao quy Ly hg dua ngoai nhung ly dugc ndu phidu didu tra cdn dua nhiing Iy khac nhu: gia dinh hg ty xu ly nen khdng cdn ddng gdp quy; cd hd khdng tin tudng nghi rang Idp quy de thdnh lap dpi ve sinh thu gom nhung chi boat ddng dugc thdi gian ngdn Iai phdi ngiing hoat ddng Ly ngudi dugc phdng van khdng ddng y chi trd dugc the hidn qua bdng Bang Ly khong sdn long chi trd cho viic cdi thien dnh trgng d nhiim moi trudng nu&c tgi ldng nghe Vgn Phiic Chi tieu Sd lirgng Khdng dO kha nang tra khoan tien Chi nhung ngudi c6 thu nhap cao mdi nen trd khoan tien Chi nhimg ngudi san xuat, kinh doanh mdi nen tra khoan ti&i Bao v? mdi tmdng Id trach nhiem cua chinh quy6n dia phucmg Khoan tidn dong gop ktiong dtrgc sii dung diing muc dich Y kien khar Tong TJIe(%) 19,05 9,52 4,76 14,29 38,09 14,29 100 (Nguon: Tong hgp lir so lieu dieu tra, 2014) Nhu v$y, 38,09% so nguoi tra 161 "khong d6ng dong gop khong dugc sii dung diing muc dich y sSn long chi tii" la vi hp cho rjng khoan tiSn Bihi phan anh hieu qua sft dung von cua dia T ^ CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 127 Kinh ti & Chinh sdch phuang chua hidu qud hodc cdng tac tuyen tmyen, thyc hien bdo ve mdi trudng chua tot Tdm Iai, vdi cac d?c diem kinh td, xa hdi ciia ngudi dugc phdng vdn nhu thu nhdp, trinh Vi hinh thuc chi trd Bang Hinh Hinh thirc chi tra Npp cho to tnrdng dan phd Co ngudi den thu tdn nha Danh thue vao hang hoa djch vy Hinh thuc khac va cdc thdng tin hen quan ddn mdi truong nudc da tdc ddng khdng nhd den vide ddng y sin Idng chi trd nhdm cdi thidn chdt lugng mot trudng nudc tai dia phuang thuc chi trd Ty le (%) 51,75 28,79 11,36 8,1 100 Sd hg gia dinh (ho) 62 35 14 Tdng sd (Ngudn: Tong hgp tu phiiu diiu tra, 2014) Hinh thuc chi trd thdng qua td trudng ddn thu nhap, trinh do, nghe nghiep, tudi co ph6 chidm 51,75% Nhu vay, da sd ngudi dan dnh hudng nhu the nao den miic san long chi dugc hdi mudn chi trd thdng qua chinh quyen tra ciia ngudi dan dia phuang dia phuang Tbeo hg, mgi hoat dgng cd Udn u if&c lugmg md hinh hoi quy quan den mdi trudng phai chinh quyen diing Trudc udc lugng md hinh cu thd, tdi tidn can thiep va gidi quyet, ddng thdi la ngudi hdnh xac dinh ma tran he so tuong quan giua d^ii dien, thyc thi yen cau ciing nhu nguyen cac bidn ddc l^p cua md hinh Nhu da binh bdy vgng cua ngudi ddn Do dd, nhiing khoan tidn phan phuong p h ^ nghien cuu, dd phan ddng gdp se dugc su dung diing myc dich va tich dnh hudng cua cac ydu td ddn muc sdn long ban che tinh trang d nhiem mdi trudng chi trd (WTP) cua ngudi ddn d phudng Van 3.2.2 Cdc yiu to dnh hu&ng din mirc sdn Phuc cho viec cdi tao mdi trudng nudc, tdi da ldng chi trd cua ngudi ddn cho viic khdc su dyng md hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh bdi phuc tinh trgng d nhiim mdi tru&ng nu&c tgi ldng nghi Vgn Phuc Phuong phdp hdi quy dugc su dung dd danh gid cac yeu td dnh hudng ddn WTP cho vide cdi thi?n mdi trudng nudc cua ngudi dan nhu: Cdc he sd cua md hinh da dugc udc lugng bdng each su dung phuang phap binh phuang nhd nhdt (OLS -Ordinary Least Square) va phdn mdm ST ATA 11.0 (Bang 6) Bang Ma trgn tuffng quan giita cdc biin ddc lgp XI XI X2 X3 X4 01 02 03 X2 X3 X4 01 02 1.0000 -0.0421 1.0000 O.U37 -0.0899 1.0000 0.2796 0.3328 0.4819 0.0261 0.0267 0.1036 0.SS91 0.0568 -0.0814 -0.2816 0.2613 -0.02U 1.0000 0.16B8 0.1498 0.1606 1.0000 0.03U 0.0429 1.0000 o.oofis D3 1.0000 (Ngudn: Tdc gid tinh todn, 2014) Ket qud udc lugng cho thdy cac he sd tuong nhu khdng cd sy tuong quan cgng tuyen lan quan giiia cac bidn ddc lap la rdt nhd, vi the ta Hay ndi each khac Id cac biSn e h ^ g m cd thd kdt luan rang giua cac bidn ddc lap gan dua vdo md hinh la hodn todn phu hgp 128 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 Kinh ti & Chinh sdch Bang Kit qud u&c lugng cdc yeu to dnh hu&ng den WTP de cdi thign mdi trud'ng nu&c tgi lang nghi Vgn Phuc Ky hieu p He sd tir Tuoi Trinh dp hgc van So nhdn khdu Thu nhap Nghe nghi^ Ngudi quyet dinh Tham gia td chuc MT X, X2 Xj X4 D, Dl DJ Prob>F So miu quan sat - ^9462,6567 1280,9903 7717,4680 -3578,1201 0,0002 23231,4074 4153,3012 18928,3946 0,6463 0,0000 120 (Ngudn: Tdc gid tinh todn) Tir bdng ket qua hdi quy ta viet dugc md hinh cy the sau: WTP = -49462,6567 + 1280,9903*X, -r 7717,4680*X2 -3578,I201*X3 + 0,0002 X4 + 23231,4074*D, +4153,3012*02 + 18928,3 946*D3+u, Can Cli vdo F ta cd the ket lu|Ln md binh cd y nghia thdng ke hay khdng? Mudn vdy, ta phdi so sanh Fkii vdi F ly thuy^ FkFiy thuyet- Kdt qud ndy cho thdy md hinh tren xdc dinh la hoan toan chat che Bdn canh dd, he sd tuong quan binh phuang cua md hinh (R-square - R^), nhdn gid tri 0,6463 Dieu cd nghia Id cdc bien dua vao md hinh dd giai thich 64,63% su thay ddi cua muc WTP, cdn lai 35,37% Id cac ydu to khac ma ta chua dua vdo md hinh Kdt qud cua md hinh cho thay cd bidn dugc dua vao md hlnh thi cd tdi bidn la he sd cd y nghia thdng kd (tai a= 1%, 5%), nhiing bien la tudi ciia ngudi dugc phdng vdn, trinh hgc van, thu nhap, nghd nghiep vd viec cd lam to chuc mdi trudng Trong cac bien anh hudng den mdc WTP thi bien Dj (bien gid thd hien nghe nghi?p cua ngudi dugc phdng van) cd dnh hudng Idn nhat Trong dieu kien nhiing yeu to khac khdng doi, nhiing ngudi dan tham gia vdo san xudt, det lua hg san long trd gia cao hon 23.231 ddng so vdi nhiing ngudi khdng tham gia sdn xudt Idng nghe Dieu chiing td, ngudi dan d day da thdy dugc muc dp dnh hudng d nhiem mdi trudng nudc gdy cho cugc sdng ciing nhu siic khde cua hg, vd bg mudn gidm thidu nhung tac hai Bien Xi, X2, X4, D|, D3 cd y nghia thdng ke cd tinh chdt quydt dinh den muc WTP b Gidi thich dnh hu&ng cua cdc bien din mirc sdn long chi trd nham gidm thiiu nhiim moi trudng nu&c luu vvrc sdng Nhue tgi ldng nghi Vgn Phuc Bien D3 (ngudi lam vide td chiic mdi trudng) cd dnh hudng Idn thu hai den WTP, vdi he sd p7=8.928,3946 dugc gidi thich rdng dieu kien cac yeu td khac khdng ddi, nhiing ngudi Idm vide cdc td chuc mdi trudng cd muc WTP cao hon so vdi nhiing Ta co: F M = , ; FO.O5(7;1 12)= 3,27 suy T ^ CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 129 Kinh ti & Chinh sdch ngudi Iam nganh khac la 8.928 ddng Dieu phan dnh diing tinh hinh thyc te tai khu vyc nghidn ciiu, vi nhihig ngudi cd co hgi dugc tiep xiic vdi cdc van bdn phdp Iuat, chinh sach cua Nhd nudc nhidu han, trinh bgc van cua hg cao hon ndn hg nhdn thiic dugc trdch nhiem bdo vd mdi tnrdng Do dd ta phdi khuyen khi'ch, phdt huy nhdn thuc ciia nhiing ddi tugng ndy, hg cdn phdi tuydn Iruyen y thuc bdo ve mdi trudng cho nhung ngudi lam nghd khdc Bien X2 (trinh ciia ngudi phdng vdn) cd dnh hudng thii ba tdi WTP, ddy la bien dugc khdng dinh Id cd vai trd quan trpng quyet djnh dua muc WTP cua cdc hd ddn Vdi mdc y ngbia a=0,01, he sd p2=7.717,4680, ddu cua be sd duong (+) bdm y rdng dieu kien cac yeu td khac khdng thay ddi, trinh dg hgc van cd quan he ty Id thuan vdi muc" WTP Ket qua udc lugng cho thay, so nam trung binh di hgc cua ngudi dan tang Idn I ndm thi miic WTP cd xu hudng tang them 7.717 ddng Dieu cho thdy, nhiing gia tri ve mdi trudng nudc se dugc nhin nh^n sdu sac trinh hgc van cao, hg san sang chi trd dd cdi thidn ngudn nudc bi d nhidm Qua do, neu khdng nhdn thiic hdt dugc tdm quan trgng cua ngudn nudc, ciing nhu nhiing anh hudng d nhiem dem Iai thi ngudi cd trinh dg hgc van thap hon thudng cd xu hudng san Idng chi trd thdp hon hoac khdng chi trd so vdi nhiing ngudi cd hgc vdn cao ban Nhu vdy WTP cao hay thdp phu thugc rdt nhieu vao nhdn thuc cua ngudi ddn ngudn nudc dugc cdi thien Bien Xi (tudi ciia ngudi dugc phdng van) vdi raiic y nghia a=0,OI vd he sd hdi quy pi=l.280,9903, ddu cua he sd duong (+) cd y nghia didu ki?n cac yeu td khac khdng thay doi, bien tuoi Xi cd quan he ti Id thudn vdi mdc WTP, tiic Id tudi cang cao thi WTP cang tdng, tuoi tmng binh ciia ngudi ddn tang Idn ndm tbi muc WTP cd xu hudng tang them 1.282 ddng Sy tac dgng nhiing khac bi?t ve tam ly va lua tudi, tuoi cang cao 130 thi ngudi ta cang nhdn thdy sy thay ddi cua mdi trudng sao, sy nhay cam vd sdc khoe mdi trudng hi d nhiem dan den miic sdn Idng chi trd cua hg cimg cao ban Bien X, (thu nhap) vdi mdc y nghTa a=0,01; he sd p4=0,0002; dau duong cua h^ sd hdi quy chi rdng thu nhdp cdng tang dii mdc WTP cdng tang Dieu chiing td thu nh?p tdng len thi nhu cdu ve chat lugng mdi tnrdng cua ngudi cao hon so vdi khu muc thu nhap thdp, vi vdy, ngudi cd thu nhdp cao se co xu hudng sdn Idng chi trd cao ban cho hdng hda chdt lugng mdi trudng Nhung dieu ndy khdng cd nghia ngudi thu nhap thdp khdng cd nhu cau vd hdng hda mdi d-udng chdt lugng cao, vi muc WTP thd hien sy ua thich cua ca nhdn doi vdi hdng bda hay hang hda khac Trong thyc te, thu nhap cd anh hudng den chi tieu cua hg gia dinh va thu nhap cao, chi tidu cua gia dinh doi vdi nhu cdu vat chat se chidm nhd hon so vdi phdn chi tidu cho nhu cdu tinh thdn Do dd, nhieu ngudi cd thu nhdp cao thi hg Iudn mudn song mdi trudng sach dep, lanh, dd nhdn thdc vd gia tri, tdm quan trgng cua mdi trudng xanh sach dep den mgi mat cua ddi sdng cang tang nhu cdu tieu dung hang hda chdt lugng radi trudng tang Vi the, thu nhap cd quan he ty Id thuan vdi mdc WTP cua ca nhan Trong nhung bidn dua vao md h b h thi cd bidn X3 (so nhdn khau) vd D2 (ngudi quyet djnh) khdng cd y nghia thdng kd d muc a ^ , O I Chiing td rdng bidn X3 va D2 dnh hudng khdng ro rdng tdi muc sin Idng chi tra nham gidm thieu d nhiem mdi trudng nudc tai lang nghe, bay khdng cd sy khdc bi?t ndo giua nhiing hg cd nhidu ngudi hay it ngudi, gida nhiing ngudi quyet dinh hay ngudi khdng quyet dinh, mdc sdn Idng chi tra van khdng cd gi thay doi Nhu vdy, cac yeu td dua xem xet nghidn ciiu, cbi cd 02 bien khdng cd v TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 Kinh ti & Chinh sdch nghm thong kd Cac bidn cdn Iai dugc xdc dinh la cd y nghTa den miic sdn Idng chi trd, dd, bidn nghe n ^ ? p cd tac ddng ro ret nhdt Day Id CO sd quan trgng de cd nhiing kien nghi v^ mat chinh sach doi vdi nhiing ran de cai thien chat lugng mdi trudng nudc tai lang nghe, ngudn nudc Iuu vyc sdng Nhue ndi ridng va bao ve mdi trudng ndi chung IV KET LUAN - Hien mdi trudng nudc tai lang nghd Van Phuc dang d nhiem nghiem trgng, hdm lugng cdc chdt BOD5, NHA^ , cohform ddu cao tren muc cho phep - 61,91 % hg didu tra sdn sang trd tidn dd khdc phyc van de d nhiem mdi trudng tai lang nghe vdi sd tien 150.000 ddng/ho/nam - Trong cac ydu td dnh hudng den muc san Idng chi trd cho van dd gidm thieu d nhiem mdi trudng nudc ttong nghien ciiu, chi cd 02 bien khdng cd y nghTa thdng kd Cac bidn cdn lai dugc xac dinh Id cd y nghTa ddn miic sdn Idng chi trd: tuoi cua ngudi dugc phdng vdn, trinh hgc vdn, thu nhap, nghd nghidp va vide cd Iam td chuc radi tnrdng nhung ydu to anh hudng den muc sin Idng chi tra cua ngudi dan nhdm giam thidu d nhiem mdi trudng tai lang nghe, dd, bien nghd nghiep cd tdc ddng rd ret nhat - Be giam thidu d nhiem mdi trudng nudc tai Idng nghd, khdng chi phu thugc vao cdc co quan chuc nang ma phy thugc phdn ldn vao y thuc cua ngudi dan ttong Idng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Phong Tai nguyen va M61 truong quan Ha Dong Bdo cdo Thong tin moi tru&ng guan Hd Dong ndm 2013 Hoang Xuan Co (2005) Gido trinh Kinh li moi truang NXB Giao dye Pham Thi Kim Ciic (7-2009) Moi tnrcmg lang n ^ e va nhirng van de dat Tgp chi Mat trdn, s6 69 Trinh Quang Thoai (2013) Bdi gidng Kinh ti luang Dai hpc Lara nghiep E S T I M A T I O N O F W I L L I N G N E S S T O PAY O F L O C A L R E S I D E N T S IN O R D E R T O M I N I M I Z E W A T E R P O L L U T I O N A T V O C A T I O N A L V I L L A G E O F VAN P H U C - H A D O N G Ngo Thi Thuy, Tran Thi Thu Ha, Vu Thu Thuy SUMMARY Weaving and dyeing have brought job and high income for residrats at Van Phuc village However, waste from the producing process is causing serious pollution in water environent, concentration of B0D5, NH4 -f- and coliform that are above the permitted level Pollution of w a t a environment has caused many diseases for local resdents as diarrhea, bronchitis, pneumonia Estmiation of willingness to pay (WTP: Willingness to pay) of local residents to implement measures in minimizing water pollution, in^roving the quality of water environment of Van Phuc vocational village Regression method was used to evaluate the facKvs affecting WTP fm improving water environment of local residents The results showed thai: the age of the interviewees, educational level, income, occupation, and jobs r^arding environmental organizations aie the factors that affect the habitants' WTP to imnimize enviromnental polluHon, in wliich, occupational variaUe is the most significant impact To minimize water polluticn at the village depends not only upon the ftmctional authorities but also mainly on residents" consciousness Keywords: Weaving and dyeing, water pollution, willin^ess method Ngu'di phdn bien Ngdy nhan bdi Ngay phan bien Ngay quyet dinh dang lo pay pollution mimmization recession PGS.TS Tr^n Quang Bao 31/01/2015 15/02/2015 09/6/2015 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2-2015 ... Hinh thuc chi trd thdng qua td trudng ddn thu nhap, trinh do, nghe nghiep, tudi co ph6 chidm 51,75% Nhu vay, da sd ngudi dan dnh hudng nhu the nao den miic san long chi dugc hdi mudn chi trd thdng... Trong thyc te, thu nhap cd anh hudng den chi tieu cua hg gia dinh va thu nhap cao, chi tidu cua gia dinh doi vdi nhu cdu vat chat se chidm nhd hon so vdi phdn chi tidu cho nhu cdu tinh thdn Do dd,... (%) 99 82,5 - Cd san long chi tra 21 -Khdng san long chi tra 17,5 120 100 Tongso (Ngudn: Tong hgp tit sd lieu dieu tra, 2014) Qua bang ta thdy 82,5% ddng y san Idng chi trd mgt khodn phi de khac