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KlNHTf 3 7 5 ^ CAC YEU TO ANH HlTOfNG DEN THOI QUEN ©OC SACH C H U Y £ N NGANH CUA SINH VlfeN TRU^dNG U(fP TAI TRU''''OfNG DAI HQC B A C H KHOA THANH PHO H 6 CHi MINH TS Nguyin Thdy Quynh Loan'''' Vd Hodng[.]
KlNHTf 375^ CAC YEU TO ANH HlTOfNG DEN THOI QUEN ©OC SACH C H U Y £ N NGANH CUA SINH VlfeN: TRU^dNG U(fP TAI TRU'OfNG DAI HQC B A C H KHOA THANH PHO H CHi MINH TS Nguyin Thdy Quynh Loan' Vd Hodng Duy' T6M TAT Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy nghien cuu ve thoi quen dgc sdch chuyen ngdnh cua sinh vien Thdnh Ho Chi Minh vd qua xdc dink cdc yeu to dnh huang den thoi quen dgc sdch Mo hinh nghien aht dugc dixudt gom co nhdn to tdc dpng len thoi quen dgc sdch chuyen ngdnh ctia sinh vien Id gidng vien, sinh vien, moi tru&ng a nhd, moi tru&ng & lap, moi truang a trucmg, moi truang xd hgi, moi truang the gioi vd dgc diem tdi li^ V&i so mdu khdo sdt 503 sinh vien thugc Tntang Dgi hgc Bdch Khoa Thdnh Ho Chi Minh cho thdy thoi quen doc sdch cda sinh vien a mirc thdp vd co yeu to tdc dgng coy nghia thong ke lin thoi quen dgc sdch chuyen ngdnh cua sinh vien Id gidng vien, sinh vien, moi truang & nhd, moi tntang & l&p, moi tntang xd hgi vd moi tnt&ng the giai Tir day bdi viit de xudt hdm y qudn ly nhdm khuyen khich thoi quen doc sdch cda sinh vien ABSTRACT This paper investigates students' reading habits of specialized books in Ho Chi Minh City, then determines the factors impacting on these reading habits The research model is initiated with factors affecting reading habits of students, suck as lecturer, students, home environment, classroom environment, school environment, social environment, virtual environment and materials Th& research sample includes 503 students of Ho Cki Minh City, University of Technology The data from survey demonstrates that the reading habits of students are at low level and factors of lecturer, students, home environment, classroom environment, social environment and virtual environment have significant affects on students' reading habits of specialized books From this result, some management implications are suggested to encourage the reading habits of students I.D^TVAN0fe sach chinh la mpt ngudn cung cap tri "Dgc sdch khong phdi chi di thutmg *iJc quan trgng vi thi khdng dgc sach ngogn, md Id viec ldm ciia long yeu nu&c ngudi se ty lam mai mgt tri thiic ciia dSpkdt triin ddt nuac vd hodn thi^n minh Mgt xa hgi dgc la mgt xa hgi ngu&i Dgc sdch Id thugc tinh cda mgt cdng, thdi quen dgc sdch cd the tgo mgt ddn tgc vdn hoa coy thiic" (Nguyen Xuan quoc gia dgc, qude gia dgc cd the tgo Xanh, 2012) Triet gia Francis Bacon da nhiing ngudn lyc cd ky nang ma cd thg tung phat bieu "Tri thuc la sue mgnh", dap ung su thay ddi va hgc hdi nhimg ky ' fAotf Qum ty Cong N^i^p T^vmg Dai Ape Bich Khoa DHQG TPHCM TAP CHI KHOA HOC T R U O N G DAI HOC M O TP.HCM - SO (30) 2013 nang mdi, luc Iugng lao ddng ma nang dgng, cd nang sual va iai nang nhieu linh vyc se xac dinh tuu cua quoc gia (Yusof 2010) gdm tat ca nhiing loai sach giao trinh, sach tham khao hoac tgp chi chuyen nganh Sach cd thg d dang sach in hogc sach dien tiJ (e-book) Su phat uidn vugt bac cua khoa hgc cdng ngh? da tao nhieu sy quan lam mdi va thoi quen mdi nhu xem phim nghe nhgc, nhan tin chat va uuy cap mang xa hoi Facebook''^" bing dien thogi thdng minh (smartphone nhu iPhone"^", Blackberry^'"' Samsung"™, ) NhiJng mdi quan lam mdi da chi phdi nhung thdi quen truyen thdng ciia ngudi Trudc day tivi dugc xem nhu mdl nhan td chinh anh hudng den thoi quen dgc sach thi sy lan tda cua Internet - email va mgng xS hgi cang lam giam thdi gian danh cho \'iec dgc sach 2.2, Cac gia thuyet va mo binh nghien cihi Do dd, muc tigu cua bai bao la nghien ciru thoi quen doc sdch chuyin ngdnh cua sinh vien vd xdc dinh cdc yeu lo Idc dgng den thoi quen dgc sdch C O SO LY THUYET 2.1 Khai nifm Theo Sangkaeo (1999), thdi quen dgc sach la hanh ddng dgc sach dugc lap di lap lai the hien sy ua thich va sd thich dgc ciJa ca nhan Thdi quen dgc sach cung dugc djnh nghia la khu>'nh hudng hanh vi dgc da xac lap va dugc bang so lugng tai IL?U dugc dgc va thdi gian danh cho viec dgc (Mngoma 1997) (a) Yeu to gidng vien Giang vien dong vai trd quan trgng viec khuyen khich dgc sach d sinh vien (Hakan, 2011) Giang vien cd nhiem vu ldn viec truyen thdi quen dgc sach d sinh vien Giang vien phai la mgt hinh mlu tdt cho sinh vien cua hg va phai nang cao kidn thdc cua minh thdng qua viec dgc (Wanjari & Mahakulkar, 2011) Nghien cuu McKool (2007) cho thay giang vien thuc day viec dgc sach ty nguyen thdng qua viec lim kiem va cung cap kien thdc de tiep can tai lieu Theo Nathanson va cdng su (2008) giang vign cd anh hudng ldn ddi vdi nhiJng ngudi say me dgc sach, giang vien la ngudi (ao sy thay ddi glOa ngudi ham dgc sach va ngudi khdng ham dgc sach bang each de xuat sach dg dgc va chia se niem dam me dgc sach Sinh vign chgn sach theo yeu cau cua giang vign (-Al-Nafisah & Al-Shorman, 2011) Sinh vien dgc It vi giang vign va trg giang khdng thyc hien nhihig budc can thiet de nang cao thdi quen dgc cua sinh vien ma ciing khdng ap dung ky thuat da Trong nghien cuu nay, thdi quen dgc phuang tien vao bai giang de truygn thu sAch dugc dinh nghia la sy lap di lap lgi kien thuc (Bratovic va cdng sy, 2010) Vi hanh vi d^ac sach chuyen nganh cua sinh vay nghien cOru dua gia thuyet: vien, dugc bang thdi gian danh cho viec HI Gidng vien tdc dgng tich cue dgc hing sd lugng sach da dgc nam ngoai, va so lugng sach dang sd hflu ciia den thoi quen dgc sdch cua sinh vien sinh vien (b) Yeu to sinh vien Ddi vdi sinh vien dai hgc sach chuyen nganh la tat ca nh&ng logi sach cua khdi kign Ihuc dai cuang (Toan, Ly, Hda Trigt hgc, Chu nghia Xa hpi, Kinh tg Chinh trj Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, ), khdi co sd va cbuyen sau cua cac chuyen nganh dao tao Khu vgy sach chuyen nganh bao Sy ty nhgn thuc cua sinh vien dugc chung minh cd mdi lien h? dgt miic y nghTa thdng ke vdi vige quyet djnh dgc sach cua sinh vien (McKool, 2007) Sinh vien dgc vi mong mudn nang cao kha nang ngdn nga, hgc them mdt cai gi dd, nang cao tich hgc lap, cap nhat thdng tin 39 vg xa hOi kinh te, van hda, khoa hgc va sy phat uien chinh uj nang cao dia vi ca nhan, cap nhgt thdng tin ve nhiing gi dang dien Uen the gidi va giai ui (Al-Kafisah & Al-Shorman, 2010) Do dd gia ihuygi dugc dua la: H2: Ddc diem sinh vien tdc dong lich ci/c din thoi quen dgc sdch cda sinh vien (c) Yeu td moi tru&ng xung quanh Mdi trudng xung quanh bao gdm cac ygu id vg gia dinh, d Idp d trudng va xa hdi Moi tru&ng gia ^nk Theo nghien cuu cua Natfianson va c0ng sy (2008) c6 bang chiing thdng kg cho rang bd me cd lam anh hudng mgnh me Uong vice tao nhung ngudi dgc hang hai Gia dinh la cd vai trd cdt loi viec khuyen kiu'ch tre dgc sach (Hakan 2011) Sinh vien il dgc sach thudng d gia dinh it cd sy quan tam ddi vige dgc sach thap (Al-Nafisah & Al-Shorman 2011) Do dd, gia thuyet ciia nghien cuu la: nhan vien thu vien la yeu td anh hudng manh Ign sy thich thu dgc ciia sinh vien (Nawarathne, 2012) Do dd, gia thuydt cua nghien cdxi la: H3c: Mdi tru&ng & tru&ng ldc dong tich cue din thoi quen doc sdch cda sinh vien Moi tnr&ng xa hgi Sinh vign khdng dgc nhieu vi ngudi xung quanh minh it dgc (Mokhtari va cgng sy 2009) va thdi quen dgc sach sudt ddi la mdt qua trinh lien tuc, bat dSu d nha, dugc tang cudng mdt each cd he thdng d trudng hgc, va dugc giir gin Irong cudc ddi thdng qua mdi trudng van hda \a anh hudng cua giao due cgng ddng va thu vien cdng cgng (Bamberger, 1975) Do do, gia thuyel ciia nghien cuu la; H3d: Moi Iru&ng xd hgi (dc ddng tich cue din thoi quen dge sdch cua sinh vien Mdi tru&ng the gi&i Tac gia Oj^ewumi & Ebijuwa (2009) ket luan rang sinh vign khdng dgc nhigu \ i khdng cd thdi gian, thdi gian dugc sinh H3a: Mdi mt&nggia dinh tdc dgng tich vien dung de sd dung may tinh va Internet cue den tlidi quen dgc sdch cua sinh vien Theo tac gia Bratovic va cdng su (2010), Moi trucmg & ldp da phuang tien dac biet la Internet dang Sinh vien thich dugc bgn be tdn trgng yd mdt phan quan trpng ciia cugc vi dgc sach, hay thich thao luan ve ngi sdng sinh vien Day la nhflng nhan td gdp dung cac logi sach da dgc (Hakan, 2011) phan hinh gia thuygt: la ygu td xay dyng gia ihuyet: H3e: Moi tru&ng the gi&i tdc dgng H3b: Mdi iru&ng a l&p tdc dgng tich tieu arc din ihoi quen doc sdch ciia sinh vien cue den thoi quen dgc sdch cua sinh vien Dgc diem idi lieu Moi tru&ng ff tru&ng Nai cung cap tai lieu chinh cho sinh vien la thu vien trudng (Wanjari & Mahakulkar 2011) Mdi trudng thu vien anh huong den sy thich dui doc sach ngu thu vien tao cam giac thda man cho sinh vien sinh vign can giiip dd Sy phan loai sach d thu vien cd tac ddng duong ddi vdi sy thich thii viec dgc Da sd sinh vien cho rang sy phan loai cua thu vien giiip hg rat nhieu Sy giup dd ciia Theo Dokmen (1988), ly sinh vien khdng dgc sach vi gia sach cao Sach giao trinh tham khao cho sinh vien cd chii dg khd dgc, dung ngdn ngfl' khdng thdng dung va khdng cd sy phan chia yinh dp da lam giam thdi quen dgc sach d sinh vien trudng dgi hgc ky thuat (Smithies, 1983) Khd tim dugc sach cung la ygu td lam giam vi|c dgc d ngudi dan Nam Phi (South African book developmem council, 2006) Do dd, gia thuyet ciia nghign cuu la: TAP CHi K-lOA HOC TRUONG BAI HOC M O IP.HCM - SO (30) 2013 H4: Ddc diim ldi lieu ldc dgng lieu cvc din Ihoi quen doc sdch cua sinh vien Die Sim nhdn khiu hoc Nam 2006, tac gia Leff & Harper thuc hien khao sat thoi quen doc sach ciia sinh vien nganh Ihir ky > khoa cr Trucmg Dai hoc John Hopkins KSt qua cho thiy sinh vien thu k> y khoa dpe sach trung binh 10,8 gio mot tuin va phan Ion thoi gian dimg ii doc sach true tuyen Nam 2009 khao sat thoi quen doc sach cua sinh vi& y khoa Tmcmg Dai hoc Y khoa King Saud, tac gia Soliman tim hang tuin sinh vien danh 4,5 gia de doc sach Theo khao sat cua Smith & Stahl (1999) tdng th^ thai gian doc trung binh hang ciia mot nguat Ion la 4,14 gia Theo nghien cuu cua to chtrc NEA (2004), phu nir doc sach nhieu hon nam Ket qua kiSm djnh ciia Kennedy (2008) ciing cho ring nit doc sach nhieu han nam TL; do, nghi(:n cuu dua cac gia thuyet: Nghien ciru dinh linh dugc thtrc hien qua giai doan: nghien ciju nhihig ly thuyjt/nghien ciiu trtrdc vS phong van sfiu Tir cac ly thuySl/nghien ctru u:trac, dc lai da &e xuJt mo hinh nghien cuu dS dugc trinh Irong Phu luc A Thong qua phong vin sau sinh vien cua tnrcmg DHBK TRHCM bang cac cau hoi khong co cau TOC xac dinh cac cam nghl, nhan xet, lh4i dp, nhan thirc cua minh d6i vcri thoi quen dgc sach, va qua giiip xay dimg va hi?u chinh cac bidn quan sat cho cac khai nicm mo hinh nghien ciiu T i n g so bien quan sat la 51 bidn, nhan t6 giang vidn (GV) CO bien, dSc diem sinh vien (SV) co 11 biin, moi trucmg o nha (MTJN) co bien, moi tnrang a lop (MT_L) co bien, moi truong Cf trucmg (1V(T_T) co bien, moi trucmg xa hpi ( M T X H ) co bien, moi truong thi gioi ao (MT_AO) co 10 bien, dac hidm tai lieu (TL) co bidn v4 thoi quen dgc sach (TQDS) co bien quan sat HSa: Cd sir khdc biil ve thdi quen doc sdch giira nhihtg khoa khdc Nghien ciru dinh luang: mau dugc thu thap thong qua lay m i u thuan tien bing bang cau hoi, Cac khii nidm nghidn CUTJ dugc luang bang thang v6\ nhidu bidn quan sat (multi-item scale) theo dang Likert diem Mau thu ve dugc diing dc danh gia thang va kidm djnh cac gii thiet Cac s6 li^u dugc xir ly bang phan mem SPSS phidn ban 15.0 HSb: Cd su khdc biet ve thdi quen dfyc sdch giQa nhung sinh vien hgc a nhitng ndm khdc HSc: Co su khdc biet ve thoi quen doc sdch giira nam vd nit Tir cac gia thuydt duac xay dung, de tii de xuat mo h b h nghien cuu dugc trinh biy Phy luc A PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtl 3.1 Mill Doi tucmg nghidn cuu la sinh vien chinh quy tir nam thir nhat den nam cuoi cua 11 khoa Tnrong Dai hoc Bach Khoa Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Miith (DHBK TP.HCM) 3.2 Phirtmg phap Ihuc hi^n Nghien ciht dugc thuc hien qua hai phin: (1) Nghien cilu djnh tinh va (2) Nghien cuu dinh lugng KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU 4,L M o t a mau Vai 503 mau thu durgc sinh vidn nam chiem 56,1% va sinh vien nii chiem 43,9% Ty I? sinh vidn nam nhit la 12,2%, nam hai la 18,5%, nam ba la 29,6%, nam tu la 24,2% va nam cu6i la 15,4% Ty 1? sinh vidn giGa cac khoa tuong doi d6ng ddu, khoang tir 6,2% - 8,3% Ricng co khoa CO ty I? sinh vien kha nhidu hon l i Khoa Di?n-Dien tir (16.5%) Khoa Ky thu?t Hoa hgc (13,5%) v i Khoa Ca (12,3%) Thuc te, day cung li cac khoa c6 so lugng sinh vicn Ion ciia truong 4.2 Thdi quen dgc sach chuyen nganh cua sinh vien DHBK TP.HCM Viec nghign cuu thdi quen dgc sach chuyen nganh ciia sinh vien dugc bing didj gian danh cho viec dgc hang ngay, so Iugng sach chuygn nganh da dgc nam ngoai va sd lugng sach dang sd hihi ciia sinh vien Bang l.Tbbi gian doc sach chuyen nganb hSng cua sinh vien DHBK TP.HCM Thai gian dgc Tyle% % tich liiy" 0-30 phiit 42 42 31-60 phiit 28 70 61-90 phut 19 89 91-120 phut 94 > 120 phiit 100 Ky cd thdi gian dgc sach de hgc 2,17 gid/ Theo quy dinh cua Trucmg DHBK TRHCM, moi mdn hgc deu cd it nhal mdl quyen sach giao trinh lign quan Dieu chiing td sinh vien it dgc sach khdng phai vi thieu sach giao lrinh Cac ban sinh vign cho rang hg chi can dgc la bai giang ciia giang vien la du vi bai giang da dugc sogn day du ndi dung ciia mdn hgc Do do, hg nhgn thay khdng can thiet phai tdn thgm thdi gian dgc giao uinh hoac tai lieu tham khao ciia mdn,hgc Theo Bang 1, ty 1? sinh vien danh thdi gian dgc sach chuyen nganh kha thap, phan ldn thdi gian dgc it hon 60 phiil (chiem 10%) Trong dd, ti le sinh vien dgc sach hang nhd han 30 phiit chidm ti 1^ cao nhat (42%) Khi so sanh vdi nhflng nghign cuu da thyc hign cho thay sinh vign DHBK TP.HCM danh it thdi gian dgc sach ban so vdi nhihig sinh vien d cac irudng khac tren the gidi Theo nghien cuu ciia Lone (2011) sinh vign d thung lung Kashmir, An Do dgc 1,9 gid/ngayva theo Mokhtari va cdng sy (2009) sinh vien mien trung tay Hoa Bing So lugmg sach chuydn nganh da d^c nam ngoai S6 lugng sach Ty 1? % % tich lily 0-5 quydn 47 47 6-10 quydn 30 77 11-15 quyen 13 90 16-20 quydn 96 > 20 quydn 100 Theo Bang 2, t>' Ie sd lugng sach sinh vien dgc nam ngoai it hon quydn chiem da sd (47%), kg ligp li tii den 10 quyen (30%) Theo sy phan logi thdi quen dgc sach cua td chuc NEA (2004), Hoa K^ thdi quen dgc sach dugc chia theo sd lugng sach da dgc mdt nam Ngudi dgc cd thg chia nhdm theo thdi quen dgc •AP CH' 40 quydn 100 Then Bang 3, ty I? sinh vign sd hflu sach dudi 10 quyen chiem cao nhat (36,6%), 10 quyen sach da bao gdm it nhat quyen sach dang hgc d hgc kj- va nhung sach cdn Igi cd the la sach ciia hgc k>' trudc cdn lgi cd gia tri tham kh3o Ty le sinh vioi dang sd hiru sd sach tren 10 qu>'gn kha thap Thyc te, sau hgc xong sinh vien khdng gii* lai sach de tiep tgc iham khao va hg chi gii} nhimg quygn sach lien quan den hgc k>' dang hgc Ngoai ra, sinh vien cdn cho rang sach giao uinh gia cao (64%) va ngi dung khd doc (57%) nen hg khdng giu Igi dg tham khao Sinh vien thudng dimg sach mugn ciia nhiitig anh chi khda tren sau hgc xong tra lgi hoac cac ban cu mua nhung sau hgc xong cac ban tgng hoac ban lgi cho nhOng hgi thu mua sach cQ d trudng Ngoai ra, sinh vien hgc d DHBK TP.HCM chu yeu d irg nen khdng glan de cd the trfl sach it va sinh vidn cho rang can cd ihg len thu vien mugn de tham khao nen khdng can phai sd hihi hay dl d nha hogc noi d trg Chinh nhung Iy lam cho sinh vien sd hiru sd sach chuyen nganh thap 4.3 Phin tich dg tin c^y Khi phan tich tin cay cua cac nhan to, cac biln quan sat cd he sd tuotig quan bien tong (item-total correlation) nhd hon 0,30 s6 bi loai va tieu chuan chgn thang cdhe sd Cronbach Alpha tir 0.60 trd ten KlNHTf Bang Ket qua phan tich tin cay Cronbach Alpha Tirang quan biin - t6ng ^ (nun - max) Nhanto GV (9 bidn) 0,827 0,425-0,611 SV (6 bidn) 0,762 0,404 - 0,586 M T N (4 bidn) 0.763 0,403 - 0,650 MT L (3 bidn) 0,760 0,546-0.656 0,443 - 0.575 MT_T(3bien) 0,697 MT XH (5 bidn) 0,665 MT_AO (7 bidn) 0.761 TL(3bidn) 0,659 0.404-0,556 TQDS (3 bidn) 0,717 0,433 - 0,628 Ket qua phan tich (Bang 4) cho thay nhan td dac diem sinh vien (SV) bi loai bien va lai bien; nhan id mdi trudng dig gidi ao (MT_AO) bj loai bien va cdn lgi bign Cac nhan td khac cd sd bien khdng thay ddi 0,384-0,519 i 0,329-0,573 td EFA dung phuang phap uich xuat hg sd principal components vdi phep quay varimax Kgt qua phan tich dgt yeu cau vg mat thdng ke, cu thg KMO la 0,76, phuong sai trich la 64,3%, he sd Eigenvalues la 1,062 4.4 Phan ticb nban to EFA Sau loai 14 bien khdng dgt ygu cau, 9, Khi phan tich nhan to EFA, cac bign nhan td dugc hinh tir 26 bien quan CO he sd tai nhan td nhd hon 0,5 EFA sat Sau phan tich EFA, timg nhdm se bi loai Nhan td dgt yeu cau cd he sd nhan td mdi tiep tuc phan u'ch dg tin c3y KMO ldn hon 0,5 phirang sai Uich ldn dgu cho ket qua Cronbach Alpha ldn hon han 50% va hp sd Eigenvalues ldn hon 0.6 Nhung nhdm bign mdi hinh dgt De thang dgt gia tri phan bidt sy khac ygu cau thdng ke ve tin cay de liep tyc biet gifla he sd tai giira cac n h ^ td phai phan tich hdi quy (Bang 5) ldn han hogc bang 0,30 Phan tich nhan Bang Ket qua phan tich nhan to He so lii Bidn GVl 0,67 GV2 0,79 GV3 0,78 GV9 0,62 S 1 SV4 0,73 SV7 0,83 SV8 0,82 i TAP CHI KHQA HOC TRUONG SAJ HQC M d TP.HCM - SO (30) 2013 MT_N3 0,86 MT N4 0,87 MT N5 0,76 I MT L7 0,82 MT L8 0,79 MT L9 0,76 0,62 MT TIO MT_T11 0,86 MT_TI2 0,69 0,63 MT_XH13 MT XH14 0,67 ' ! 0,74 0,68 1 MT XH15 MT_XH16 MT_A021 0,69 MT_A022 0,80 MT_A023 0,80 TLI 0,67 TL2 TL3 0,81 0,78 Cron- bach Alpha 0.73 0,79 0.79 4.5 Phan tich hoi quy De xac nhan cac nhan td tac dgng len thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vign, nghien ciru tign hanh kiem dinh md hinh hdi quy 0,76 0,65 0,70 0,66 0,70 da bien va kgt qua cd nhan td ciia "^o ^'"^ ^ac ddng dgn thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vign (Bang 6) Ban£ Ket qua phan tich hoi quv Coefficitnw Model (Caisum) (SV)aanBwen 15V) Sinh van !UT_MHA)SteitnôftBonha (MT_LOP) Mft t-ujng ã top (WT_TfiUO'ô; Mw Biionfl o Iruong (UT_XH]Moi PuonB xa ho (MT_*0) Md truooB !he gm ao (TG MEW*) Thoi (pan 5J diaig pfwong lien thong tn hien dai (TLI Oactemta heu a Dependent VanaUe Pui quen doc s a * wa sinh vien LnElandardzed Co^cients B SW ETOI -002 0*6 123 C46 150 045 101 046 DM 046 -.0^1 046 166 -.091 046 02C 046 Standan^zed Coefftoer.t* Bela 122 148 099 -.038 2.590 252 082 057 1.486 020 430 136 KINHT^ Md hinh cd he sd R = 0,301 va he sd R^hi?u chinh = 0,078 Kiem dinh gia tfiuyet vg dd phO hgp cfia md hinh: F = 7,323 vdi muc y nghTa quan sat dugc 0,000; chung td su ket hgp cac bign hien CO traig md hinh cd the giai thich dugc su thaj' ddi ciia thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vien va md hinh xay dung phii hgp ve mat thdng ke vdi tap du lieu Tir kgt qua phan iich hdi quy, ihdi quen dgc sach bi anh hudng nhieu nhat !a tii mdi tnt&ng xd hgi (P = 0,164) Ygu td tac dgng thdng qua sir cd mgt cua thu vign cdng cgng, nha sach d gan noi sdng cua smh vien va mye dich den thu vien Dieu tao ngn cam giac tran ngap sach xung quanh sinh vien va cam thiy xung quanh minh cd nhigu ngudi dgc sach dd la yeu to thuc day mong mudn di den thu vien de tim kigm ho§c dgc sach 45 ciia bd - me va sy khuyen khich cua bd me dgc sach cua sinh vien Ket qua ung hd ket qua cua Lone (2011) va McKool (2007) cho rang gia dinh (bd, me) cd tim quan trgng vi?c khuyen khich viec dgc sach ty nguyen Moi tru&ng & l&p (^ = 0.092) anh hudng Ign thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vien thdng qua su gidi thieu, su khuyen khich va Ihao luan ve nhQng gi dirge hgc va dgc d trudng Day la nhan td mdi dugc dua vao md hinh va da tao anh hudng tich cyc den thdi quen dgc sach Tuy nhien muc anh hudng cua bien md hinh thap Moi tru&ng thi gi&i (fl = - 0.090) tac ddng tieu cyc lam giam thdi quen dgc sach chuygn nganh cua sinh vien Sinh vien dugc khao sat cho rang hp thudng diJng Internet de tim kiem thdng tin, Ddc diem sinh viin la yeu to tac ddng kiem tra email, trd chuyen tren mang, vio tich cue thu hai tac ddng len thdi quen dgc nhiing mang xa hgi hon la dgc e-book hay sach cOa sinh vign (P = 0,147) Dac diem tgp chi chuygn nganh vi da phan cac tai smh vien thg hien bang nhan thiic cua Heu bang tieng Anh cd ngi dung kha sinh vien ve su can thigt cua viec dgc sach dai va tuong ddi khd dgc Kgt qua nay.ung chuyen nganh, mye dich sinh vign dgc sach hg kgt lugn cua Edem & Ofre (2010) sinh de nang cao kign thuc va thu thap thdng tin vign thich dimg Internet hon vi nd san cd cho viec hgc Ket qua ung hg kel lugn thdng tin, dugc cap nhat thudng xuyen, ciia McKool (2007), sy ty nhgn thuc cua iugng thdng tin ldn, tiet kiem thdi gian ngudi dgc chiing minh mdi lien he cd y tim kiem va de truy cap, sy san cd cau tra nghta vg mat thdng ke den viec quyet dinh ldi cua Internet khuyen khich sinh vien tu bd dgc sich, Internet cung cap thdng tin dgc sach cua dgc gia nhanh hon tra ciiu mye lyc s^ch nhung Gidng vien (P = 0,122) tac dgng len Internet sg iam giam thdi gian dgc ciia sinh thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vign thdng qua vien Kgt qua cung ung hd kgt lugn S(i khuyen khich va thdc day sinh vien dgc cua Oyewumi & Ebijuwa (2009) sinh vien sach, sy hudng dan va giup dd sinh vien khdng dgc nhigu vi khdng cd thdi gian, dgc sach chuyen nganh, sy chia sg kign thdi gian dd dugc sinh vien dung de sii thuc va niem dam mg dgc sach va sy gidi dung may tfnh va Inlemet thieu nhifng sach ngoai phgm vi mdn hgc dg dgc tham khao Ket lugn ung hg Miic dg giai thich md hinh thap chi kgt qua ciia nhidu nghien ciiu nhu Hakan d miic 7,8% la mdt ket qua bit ngd ngoai (2011), Nathanson va c^ng sy (2008), mong dgi cua nghien ciiu Vdi d& lieu thu McKool (2007) thap dugc (503 mSu) va ket hgp phong van Moi tnr&ng & nhd (P ^ 0,099) ciing sau sinh vign cho thSy mgt phan nguygn la mgt yeu td tac dgng dgn thdi quen dgc nhan cd thg sinh vien it danh thdi gian sach ciia sinh vign bang thdi quen dgc sach de dgc sach chuygn nganh (Bang 1), sd TAP CHI KHOA HQC T R U O N G DAI HQC M TRHCM - SO (30) 2013 HSa dugc chap nhan Khi phan tich gia tri trung binh cho thay sinh vien Khoa Ky thugt Xay dyng va Khoa Co cd thdi quen dgc sach cao nhat, sinh vign Khoa Mdi trudng cd thdi quen dgc sach it nhat Khoa Xay dyng va khoa Co la hai khoa ldn, lau dai va ciing vdi viec cac khoa cd mdi quan he vdi nhieu trudng ban ygn the gidi nen thudng xuyen tigp nhan dugc ngudn tai ]i?u chuygn nganh phong phii va cap nhgt Ngoai ra, dac thvi cdng nghe Ca va cdng nghe Xay dyng khdng cd thay ddi gi ldn vg mat cdng nghe ngn nhigu tai lieu cu vin dugc sir dung Do cd ngudn sdch giao trinh va tai lieu tham khao day du ngn t>' lc sinh vien dgc sach d cac khoa cao hon han cac khoa khac (Mean Rank [Co khi] - 276,05, Mean 4.6 Kiem dinh sif khac biet ve thoi Rank [Xay dung] =276,41) quen doc sach Khoa cd thdi quen dgc sdch thap nhit Nghien ciiu diing phan U'ch phuong sai mdt yeu td (One-way Anova) de kigm la Khoa Mdi trudng (Mean Rank [Mdi djnh sy khac biel phuang sai thdi quen dgc uudng] = 181.08) vi khoa Mdi trudng la sach cua nhiing nhdm ichac va kiem mdt khoa tre mdi lap nam 1999, sy dinh phi tham sd Kruskal - Wallis dugc thigu hut giao trinh cd the la nguyen nhan dung dg kiem dinh thdi quen dgc sach ciia viec sinh vign Khoa Mdi irudng it cua nhung nhdm sinh vien cd phuang sai dgc sach khdng ddng nhat So sdnh tbdi quen dgc sdch cda sinh Kgt qua kiem dinh tinh ddng nhal ve vien theo ndm hgc phucmg sai cua thdi quen dgc sach giiia 11 Ket qua kidm dinh Kruskal - Wallis khoa khac nhau, giira nhdm sinh vien hgc cua nhdm sinh vign hgc d nhung nam d nhihig nam khac nhau, va giOa nhdm khac cd mirc y nghTa quan sat 0,000 gidi tinh cd muc y nghTa quan sat Sig < < 0.05 (Phu luc C) nen nhdm sinh vien 0,05 Dieu thg hien phuong iai giiia khac cd thdi quen dgc sach khac cac nhdm khdng ddng nhat dd kigm Gia thuyet HSb dugc chap nhan dinh phi tham sd Kruskal - Wallis da dugc Phan tich gia tri trung binh cho thay diing phan tich tiep theo thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vien tang dSn So sdnh thoi quen dgc sdch cua theo nam hgc Sinh vien dgc sach tang dan nhirng sinh vien hgc giita cdc khoa theo nam vi cang hgc len va cang di sau Kei qua kiem dinh Kruskal - Wallis vao chuyen nganh, viec ly hgc tu nghien cua 11 nhdm sinh vien hgc d nhung khoa Cliu cua sinh vien cang ddng vai trd quan khac cd muc y nghia quan sat 0,021 trgng, sd sach sinh vien tich liiy cang < 0,05 (Phu luc B) ngn 11 nhdm sinh nhigu, sd Iugng sach sinh vien dang dgc vign dang hgc d cac khoa khac cd cang cao nen smh vien nam thii la sinh thoi quen dgc sach khac Gia thuydl vign cd thdi quen dgc sach nhieu nhat sach sinh vign dgc nam vira qua thap (Bang 2) va sd sach chuyai nganh sinh vien dang sd huu cung dmiic ihap (Bang 3) Thyc te, sinh vign chi dgc bai giang va cac ghi chep ciia minh Kgt qua iing hg ket luan, tai lieu sinh vien dgc nhidu nhAt la bai giang va ghi chep ciia minh (Edem & Ofre, 2010), sinh vign nhin manh vao nhirng ghi chii va bai giang tren ldp quan ugng ban cho bai kiim tra (Braguglia 2006), muc dich dgc cua sinh vign la de vugt qua ky ihi nen hg thich dgc nhiing ghi chii va bai giang tren ldp hon la dgc sach (Nawarathne, 2012) Ket qua nghiai ciiu cho thay 70% ky su cii nhan tuang lai dgc sach chuygn nganh khdng qua 60 phiit ragt la mdt thyc tg dang suy ngim cho phuang phap day va hgc hien So sdnh thoi quen ^c sdch theo gi&i tinh Kgt qua kigm dinh Kruskal — Wallis cua nhdm ^di tinh ve thdi quen dgc sach cd miic ^ nghTa quan sat Sig = 0,378 > 0,05 (Phu luc D) cho thay khdng cd sy khac biet cd y nghta thdng ke cua thdi quen dgc sach giiia sinh vign nam va sinh vien nii Gia thuygt H5c bi bac bd Sinh vien DHBK TRHCM ca nam va nu cd thdi quen dgc sach la nhu Kgt qua khdng iing hg cac ket luan cua Kennedy (2008), KEA (2004), Pehlivan va cdng su (2010) cho rang nii dgc sach nhigu han nam Ket qua kiem dinh gia thuylt Bang Ket qua kiem dinh gia thuyet Gia thuyet Miic y nghTa Ketqua HI 0.007 Chap nhan H2 0.001 Chap nhan H3a 0.029 Chap nhan H3b 0,043 Chap nhan_ H3c 0.368 Bac ho H3d 0,000 Chap nh^ j H3c 0.049 Chap nhan i H4 0.660 B i c ho HSa 0,021 Chap nhan HSb 0.000 Chap nhan HSc 0J78 Bac bo Ket qua kiem dinh cac gia thuyet d Bang eho thay cac gia thuyet HI, H2, H3a, H3b, H3d, va H3e dugc chSp nhan Dieu giai thich rang cac yeu td giang vien, dac didm sinh vien, mdi uudng d nha, d ldp, xa hdi va the gidi ao cd tac ddng den thdi quen dgc sdch ciia sinh vign Cac gia thuyet HSa, HSb ciing dugc chap nhgn, nghia \i cd sy khac biet ve thdi quen dgc sach chuygn ngdnh ciia sinh vien giiia cac khoa va giiia cac nam hgc KET LUAN Nghign Cliu cho thay thdi quen dgc sach chuydn ngAnh ciia sinh vien cdn thap Sinh vign it dgc sach chuyen nganh vi ngi dung sach khd dgc, phong each viel sach chuyen nganh khd khan, khdng cd ngudi hudng dan each dgc, hogc mdn hgc khdng cd yeu cau bat budc phai dgc Bai giang tren ldp ciia giang vien la su lya chgn hang dau ciia sinh vien dgc vi viec hgc Ngi dung ciia bai giang da tdm tat dugc ngi dung cua giao Uinh cting nhu mdn hgc, cung cap qua day du Ihdng tin ngn sinh vign khdng cdn dgng lyc dg dgc sach chuyen nganh Da sd sinh vien DHBK TP.HCM hang chi danh mgt gid de dgc sach chuyen nganh phuc vu cho viec hgc, ti ie sinh vien dgc sach dudi 30 phut/ngay chiem ti lg cao nhat Thdng qua phan lich dg tin cay Cronbach Alpha, phan ti'ch nhan td kham pha EFA va phan tich hdi qu>^ da bien cho thay giang vien, sinh vien, mdi trudng d 48 "AP CHf KHOA HOC TT^UCiNS PAI HQC M TP.HCM-50 (SCQ 2013 nha, mdi trudng d ldp, mdi truong xa hdi la nhiing yiu l6 tac dgng tich cyc ldn thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vign va mdi trudng the gidi ao la nhan td anh hucmg tieu cyc d&i thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vign Trong cac nhSn td dd mdi trudng xa hdi cd tac ddng manh nhat Tir day, nghign Cliu dua mdt sd ham y quan ly nhu sau; Doi v&i xd hgi, cac nha xuat ban, ca quan truyen thdng va nha nudc can bat tay hgp siic cd vii cho vige dgc sdch Cac nha xuit ban ciin cd trach nhiem viec chgn sach xuat ban la nhiing cudn sach hay va tot, khdng chgy theo viec xuat ban nhiing logi sach thi trudng cd hai cho nhin thiic ctia ngudi dgc Cac nha xuat ban nen thudng xuyen cd nhitng chuong trinh ting sach cho giang vien va sinh vign, cd cac chuong trinh khuyen mai sach dg giam gia sach dg kfch thich mua sach, ihiet ke lgi kich thude sach phii hgp vdi viec di chuyen va mang theo de bat cu luc nao cung cd sach ngudi de dgc thai gian rSnh rdi phat hanh sach dien tu sgng hanh cimg sach in, sach di^n ti> cd thg mang theo bat ky dau ngu cd dioi thogi thdng minh (smartphone) Doi vai vai trd cda gia dinh, tinh yeu vdi sach va nigm dam md dgc sach can dugc khoi ngucn manh me, khich If va ddng vign cua cac vign gia dinh Cha me can hudng dan each dgc, each chgn sach, rgn luyen tre em cd thdi quen dgc sach tir cdn tha bg Bd m? nen danh thdi gian dgc sach cho tre em cdn nhd, dgc sach cling da ldn, da ldn hon nua can khuygn khich dgc sach va khuyen khich ty chgn sach mdt each cd djnh huong de dgc Doi v&i giang vien, nen danh cho minh thdi gian ty phat trien thdi quen dgc sach, can trd tam guong dgc sach dg sinh vign noi theo Sach chuyen nginh 1^ thugt la logi sach khd va khd khan Giang vien nen cd chien luge hudng dan va giup rd rang cac sinh vien qua trinh ch;^ sach, dgc sach va nghien cuu sach Giang vien can chia se Iddn thuc va niem dam me dgc sach ciia minh vdi sinh vign, cd thg gidi thi?u nhihig quyen sach ngoai chuong tiinh nhung hay va thich hgp cho sinh vien \'ixa dg kich thich tri td md vira de kgu ggi niem dam me dgc sach cua sinh vien Md hinh ket qua chi giai thich dugc 7,8% dg bign thien cua thdi quen dgc sach chuyen nganh cua sinh vign DHBK TPHCM la mgt hgn chg cua nghidn ciiu Khi xay dyng thang thdi quen dgc sach, nghien cum chii yeu dya vao cac nghien ciiu d nudc ngoai, vay phan nao chua phan anh dung thyc lg ciia sinh vien d Viet Nam Viec hieu chinh thang thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vign cac nghien ciiu tiep theo sg giup gia tang muc giai thich cua md hinh Ngoai ra, nghign ciiu mdi chi thyc hi^n khao sat gidi hgn sinh vien trudng DHBK TP.HCM, do can phai cd them nh&ng nghien ciiu thdi quen dgc sach chuygn nginh cua nh&ng trudng dgi hgc khac nhdm ky thuat va phi ky thuat dg cd ca sd so sanh, danh gia va phan tich thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vien dgi hgc TP.HCM TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Al-Nafisah, K &.M-Shoiman R.A (2010) Saudi BFLstudents'readings interests Joumal of King Saud University - Language and Translation Bamberger, R (1975) Promoting the reading habit Paris, France: The Unesco Press Braguglia, K H (2005) Reading habits of business students 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nhihng kboa khdc n i a i quen doc sach cua smh vie "^ Khoa dan= hoc Khoa Khoa hoc va Ky thirat Mgy tinh N 31 Khoa Ky thual Hoa hoc lOMaCokhi Khoa Ky thual Xay dung Khoa Own - Dien tu 6? S 37 S3 X K'Kia Khoa hoc Ung dung Knoa Quan ^ Cong N g h l ^ Khoa Moi truong Khoa D e chat Dau Khoa Ky thuat Giao thong Khoa Cong r^he Vat Beu Total 37 m 31 31 41 488 Mean Rank 252.56 246.40 276 05 276.41 263 34 258 45 224.27 181.08 196.97 255-71 214 9S Thot quen doc sach CUB sirti nen 21015 10 021 ).KfuskalWsnsTesl Chl-Square Asymp Sig b Grouping Vanable Khoa dang hoc Phu luc C: Ket qua phSn tich Kruskal - Wallis cQa thoi quen doc sach gi&a nhirng sinh vien cd n^m hoc khic Ranks Thoi quen doc sach cua sinh vien Nam danq hoc Nam nhat Nam Nam Nam Nam cuoi Total N S9 M « m Rank 205.71 ED 145 120 75 489 Test 5t^lstic9J> Thoi quen doc sach cua sinh vien a Kru^BlWaBisTest b Grouping Wnable r