TLK lieu tham khao S6 11(77) ndm 2015 XAY DUTVG BO TD LIEU CARTOGRAMS PHUC VU DAY HOC PHAN DIA LI KINH TE XA HOI CHU*aNG TRINH LOTp 10 HUYNH PHAM DUNG PHAT'''' TOM TAT Bdi vih gidi ibieu vl'''' bd lu lieu c[.]
S6 11(77) ndm 2015 TLK lieu tham khao XAY DUTVG BO TD LIEU CARTOGRAMS PHUC VU DAY HOC PHAN DIA LI KINH TE - XA HOI CHU*aNG TRINH LOTp 10 HUYNH PHAM DUNG PHAT' TOM TAT Bdi vih gidi ibieu vl' bd lu lieu cartogram - mdt dang bdn true quan chira dugc sir dung biin a \ 'iel \'ain - dugc xdy dung de phuc vu cong tdc gidng dgy vd hgc lap phdn Dja li Kinh li - Xu hdi lap 10 Irung hoc ihdng (THPT) Iheo he ihong bdi hgc vd de xudl mdl so dinh hudng img dung hd lu lieu ndy Tir khoa: cartograms ban dd Dia li ldp 10 trung hpc phd thdng ABSTRACT Building the Cartograms resources for teaching Economic and Social geography In grade 10 The article aims al inlroducing ihe collection of cartograms teaching resources - a form gi visual maps which has noi been used widely in Vietnam - lo serve the leaching and learning of social-economic geography of 10" graders in senior high schools through sysiemulic le.ssons The ariicle also suggests some directions for utilizing these teaching resources Keywords: cartogram map grade 10 Geography syllabus Dat van de Ban dd la phuang tien, ngudn tu lieu quan trpng giiip cho qua trinh day hpc Dja li dat dupc ket qua cao, phat huy tinh tieh cue sy lien he phdn tieh va ldng hap qud trinh ITnh hdi kiln thiie eiia ngudi hpe Cartograms la mdl dang dac biet ciia ban dd Vdi hinh dang ddc biel cua minh cartograms cd nhflng lpi t h i nhdt djnh Irong viec the hien true quan cac yeu Id kinh te - xd hdi ma cac dang ban dd truyln thdng chua lam ndi bat dupc Ngudn tu lieu ve cartograms tren the gidi kha phd bien nhung viec sir dyng chung gidng day va hpc tap tai Viet Nam cdn chua phd biln va hdu nhu chua cd mdt cdng trinh nao viec xdy dyng mpt he thdng cartograms phyc vu viec day hpc dia li d edp THPT Trude yeu eau ddi mdi cdng tac day va hpc viec dp dung eae p h u a n g tien mdi qua trinh day hpc la dilu tdt ylu, vi vay viec lap mdt bd tu lieu ve cartograms phuc vu giang day va hpc tap chuong trinh Dja li T H P T la cdn thilt giai doan hien Bai viet gidi thieu v l bd tu lieu cartograms chiing tdi xay dung phuc vu giang day phdn Dia II Kinh t l - Xa hdi chuong trinh Dia Ii Idp 10 nhdm phd biln phuong tien day hpc true quan thdi gian tdi NCS, Trudrig Oai hpc Su- phgm TPHCM, Email: hpdphal@gmail com 192 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Npi dung nghien ciru 2.1 Khdi qudt ve cartograms Ban dd dupc gpi la cartograms no cd sy bien dang ve kich thudc, ddi ca vc hinh dang hoac khoang each giu'a cdc Ianh thd dia li mot each ro rang Thdng thudng lanh thd dia phuang tren cartograms dupc bien ddi de kich thudc eiia chung ti le thudn vdi quy md ciia cac ddi tupng dja li bdt ki CO ttnh nang ludng dupc can the hien tren lanh thd dd [3] Cartograms la mdt ioai hpa md la thudc tinh cua cac ddi tupng dia li bdng dien tich cua ddi tupng [4] Bdi vi mpt cartograms khdng md ta khdng gian dia li, nhung viec thay ddi kich cd Huynh Phdm Diing Phdt eiia cac ddi tupng phu thudc vao mdl thudc tinh nhdt dinh cartograms cd thi ed hinh dang khae lii; thudc vao mirc dp thay ddi kich cd lanh thd Mdl sd cartograms rut gidng vdi ban dd giao khoa thudng gap nhien mdt sd lai trdng khdng gidng mdt ban dd ndo ca Viec lap eae cartograms ciia nhieu lieu ehi khac vdi nhung hinh dang da dang eung se giiip ngudi dpc ban dd tiep can sy khac biet mdt each ro rang Hinh IB the hien qu\ md dun so cac qudc gia tren the gidi cd hinh dang hoan loan khac biet so vdi hinh dang lanh tho qudc gia thudng thdy d cde ban truyen thdng the hien d hinh I A Wnh Bdn ti-uyin thong vd mot dang cartograms SS 11(77) niim 2015 Tu" lieu tham khao Qua hinh chung ta co the khai thac mot each true quan va nhanh nhat cac gia tri so sanh sir chenh lech giira cac dia phuang thi hien tren ban dua vao dien tich lanh Ihl duoc phiing to hay thu nho D^ bi^t gia tri chi tiSt ciia d6i tuong chiing ta co thi xem Ihiim file so lieu chi tiet cua timg quiic gia kem theo ban 22 CSu true layout mgt cartograms dirffc thdnh lap DJ thuan lpi viec khai thac sir dung giang day va hpc tap cau triic mgt cartograms gom co ba phan chinh: phSn th^ hien ten cartograms M:I don \ i tinh ciia tieu chi mil cartograms the- hien phjn ban the hien dien lich lanh thd cac chau luc theo each tru\cn thdng, phfin cartograms (hinh 2) BAN DO eiA TRI SAN X U A T C O N G NGHI$P CAC QUOC GIA TRCN THE GIOI NAM 2010 BOTVJ USD ^ _ _ Hinh Cau true layout mgt cartograms bo tu lieu \'e mau sac, de tang them tinh true quan, cac khu vuc/chau luc se dupc mo ta bang nhiing he mau khac nhau, moi quoc gia St! dupc bieu hien bang cac cap dp mau khac he mau theo nguyen tac cac quoc gia co chung bien gioi se khong co mau giong giiip nguoi khai thac ban de nhan dang cac quoc gia hon Cac cartograms dupc lap dua tren nguon so lieu mai nhat duac Ngan hang 'Ihe giai cong bo eho tirng chi tieu kinh te - xa hpi Sau khai thac cartograms neu muon biet so lieu chi tiet nguai dpc ban d6 co thi xem b file lieu excel dinh kem M6i file se CO hai sheet, mpt sheet s5p xSp dO lieu theo thli tu ten cac qu6c gia (ten qu6c gia xep theo thir tu bang chO cai) nhu hinh 3A, mpt sheet sip xSp dir lieu theo thir til gia tri ciia chi tieu tir cao din thip nhu hinh 3B TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Phdm Dung Phdi Hlnh File dir Uiu chi tiet dinh kem cartograms 2.3 Bg tu- lieu cartograms phuc vu dgy hgc chuffng trinh Dja li Idp 10 phan kinh te - xd hpi Dya tren ehuang trinh ciia sach gido khoa Dia li ldp 10, chimg tdi da Ihanh lap 46 cartograms phii hop npi dung chirang trinh hd trp day va hpc cac miic CO the ling dung cartograms phin kinh te - xa hdi Moi tieu chi kinh tl - xa hdi edn bieu hien tryc quan bdng cartograms se duac lap mdl cartograms vdi mdc thai gian la nam 2005 dl cd tbi so sanh vdi cac ban dd dang truyen thong in sach gido khoa va n dt cartograms vdi mdc thdi gian mdi nhdt Ngan hang The gidi cdng bd (cac nam 2010 din 2012 tiiy tieu chi) Cac cartograms bd tu lieu budc dau dupc phan loai (xem hinh 4) theo he thdng cdc bai hpc chuong trinh tir bai 22 den bai 40 sach giao khoa Dia Ii 10 Ban eo ban (trir cac bai thyc hanh va giam tdi) T-ir JK." i^ti Hinh Bd tu lieu cartograms dugc phdn logi theo he thong bdi hgc Tu- lieu tham khao S611(77) ndm 2015 Trong timg bai, eae cartograms va file dfl lieu dinh kem se duac phdn loai theo timg muc cu the ciia he thong bai hpc sdch giao khoa Hinh minh hpa cho vipc phan Ioai d bai 37 Cac loai hinh giao thdng van tai Vdi each phan loai chi tiet, cd ngudi day vd ngudi hpe deu cd the nhanh chdng lya chpn cac cartograms phii hpp phuc vu cho viec day va hpc ^ E Hinh Phdn logi cartograms theo di muc a mdt bdi cu the TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Cac cartograms, file dir lieu ciia bd tu lieu dupc phan loai theo he ihdrig cac bai hpc cu the nhu sau: Bdi 22: Ddn sd vd sir gia tdng ddn sd: Cartograms ve dan sd cac qudc gia Iren thi gidi ndm 2005, 2012 phuc vu phdn I Dan sd va tinh hinh phat trien dan sd the gidi Cartograms ve ti sual sinh ihd d cac quoc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2012 phuc vu phdn II Gia tang ddn sd, muc Gia tang ty nhien diem a Ti suat sinh Ihd Cartograms ve ti sudt tir thd d cdc qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2012; Cartograms ve ti le tre em tir vong d cac quoc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2012 phuc vu phan II Gia tdng ddn sd, muc Gia tang ty nhien, diem b Ti suat tir thd Cartograms ve ti Ie gia tang dan sd cac qudc gia tren the gid! nam 2005, 2012 phuc vu phan II Gia tdng dan sd, muc Gia tang dan sd Bdi 23 Ca cdu ddn sd: Cartograms ve ti Ie ddn sd tir 0-14 tuoi; 15-64 tudi; 65 tudi trd len d cac qudc gia tren thi gidi nam 2005, 2012 phuc vu phdn I Ca cdu sinh hpc, myc Co cau dan sd theo tudi Bdi 24 Phdn bd ddn cu Cdc logi hlnh qudn cu vd dd thi hoa: Cartograms ve ti le dan thi d cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2012 phuc vu phdn III Dd thj hda, muc Ddc dilm Bdi 25 Thuc hdnh phdn tich bdn phan bd ddn cu thi gidi: Huynh Phdm DUng Phdt Cartograms ve mat dp dan sd cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2012: phuc vu phan 11 Ndi dung thyc hanh Bdi 26 Ca cdu nen kinh le: Cartograms ve ti trpng ndng nghiep GDP cue qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2010; Cartograms ve ti trpng edng nghiep GDP cue qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2010 va Cartograms \e ti trpng dich vy GDP cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2010 phuc vu phdn II Co cdu nen kinh te, muc Cae bp phdn hop co cdu nen kinh te, diem a Ca eau nganh kinh te Bdi 27 Vai trd dgc diem, cdc nhdn to dnh hu&ng tai phdn bd ndng nghiep Mdt sd hlnh thuc td chirc lanh thd ndng nghiep: Cartograms ve dien tieh ddt ty nhien d cac qudc gia tren the gidi ndm 2005, 2011; Cartograms ve ti le ddt ndng nghiep d cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2011 phuc vu phdn II Cac nhdn td anh hudng tdi su phan bd ndng nghiep, nhdm Nhdn td tu nhien, muc Quy ddt Bdi 28 Dia li ngdnh trgt: Cartograms ve san luang ngu cdc phuc vu phan I Cay luong thuc Cartograms ve ti Ie dien tich ddt rimg so vdi tdng dien tich dat tu nhien d cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2011; Cartograms ve dien tich rimg d cdc qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2011 phuc vu phdn III Nganh trdng rimg, muc Tinh hinh trdng rimg Bdi 29 Dia li ngdnh chdn nudi: Cartograms vl san lupng thit phuc vu phdn II Cac nganh chan nudi Sd 11(77) ndm Tu- li$u tham khao 2015 Bdi 32 Dia li cdc ngdnh cong nghiep: Cartograms ve dien ndng tieu thu binh qudn dau ngudi d cac qude gia tren thi gidi nam 2005, 2011 phuc vu phdn Cdng nghiep ndng Iupng Cartograms v l ehi sd gia tri xuat khdu d cdc qude gia tren the gidi ndm 2005, 1 ; cartograms ve chi sd gia tri nhap khdu d cde qudc gia tren thg gidi nam 2005, 2011 phuc vy phdn UT Ddc diem ciia thi trudng the gidi Bdi 35 Vai tro, cdc nhdn to dnh hirdng den sir phdt trien vd phdn bd ngdnh dich vu: Ngoai ra, qud trinh giang day thuc l l , gido vien cd the van dyng cac cartograms da dupc tde gia l^p vdo cdc d l muc khac cdn thiet ma d pham vi bai bao khdng trinh bay chi tilt, 2.4 Dfnh hudng irng dung bg ttr U^u cartograms gidng dgy Cartograms ve tl trpng GDP cdc qudc gia tren nam 2005 2010 phyc vu phdn diem phdn bd cac nganh dich the gidi dieh vu the gidi III Ddc vu tren Bdi 37 Dia U cdc ngdnh giao thong van tdi: Cartograms \ e ehieu dai dudng sdt cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2011 Cartograms \ e van chuyen hanh khach bang dudng sat va Cartograms ve \dn chuyen hang hda bang dudng sal phyc vy phdn I Dudng sat Cartograms ve mang ludi dudng d td va cartograms ve van chuyen hanh khdeh bdng dudng d Id Cartograms v l lupng thai COT d cue qudc gia tren thi gidi ndm 2005 2010 phuc vu phan II Duimg d td Cartograms ve cang container va ban dd (cartograms) ve tdu chd ddu, phuc vy phan V Dudng bien Cartograms ve van chuyin hanh khach bang dudng hang khdng; cartograms ve van chuyen hang hda bdng dudng hang khdng va cartograms v l quang dudng bay bang dudng hang khdng phyc vy phdn VI Duimg hang khdng Bdi 40 Dia li ngdnh thuang mgi: 198 Ngoai viee sir dyng bd tu Upu cartograms nhu da phdn lo^i theo he thdng bai hpc d sach giao khoa Dia Ii ldp 10, ngudi sir dyng bd tu lieu cd the linh ddng viec sii dung cac cartograms qua trinh gidng day Thli nhdt, cdc cartograms bd tu lieu cd the dupe sir dung de giang day ehuong trinh Dia li ldp 11 va ldp 12 Thir hai, cac cartograms cd the dupc tap h a p de giang day cac chuyen d l ngoai khda, cdc chuyen de chuyen mdn nhu chuyen d l ddn sd [4] hay chuyen d l ve giao due thien tai [1] Thli ba dya tren bp tu Ueu da dupc lap cd the phat triln hudng nghien eim ve viec sir dung cartograms h-ong gidng day vd hpc tap Dia li d trudng THPT cung nhu nhung k i t qua cdng eu mang Iai Ket luan Cartograms da t h i hien d u a c nhimg uu d.em ve tinh tryc quan, khoa hpe Viec thdnh Idp bd t u lieu cartograms b u d c ddu dam bao c a bdn TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM vi mat s6 lugng cartograms, tinh tien dung khai thac phuc vu viec giang day cac bai hpc trpng phan Dia 11 Kinh ti - Xa hpi ehuang trinh lap 10 THPT va cac chuyen di Ngoai ra, bp Huynh Pham Diing Phil tu lieu cartograms cung se ma huang nghien ciru mai viee irng dung va danh gia hieu qua sii dung cua cartograms day va hpc Dja li tai Viet Nam TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Huynh PhSm Dung Phat va tgk (2013), "Thanh lap cartogram phuc vu giao due thien tai chuong trlnh Dia li trung hpc thong" Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Suphgm Thanhphd HO ChiMinh, (45) tr.l73-180 Huynh Ph4m Dung Phat va tgk (2014), "Danh gia viec sir dung Contiguous cartograms giang day chuyen de dan s6'\ Tgp chi Khoa hoc & Gido due Truimg Dgi hgc Su phgm Dd Ndng (13) tr.109-112 Daniel Dorling (1996) Area Cartograms: Their Use and Creation CATMOGS Oastner, M Newman (2004), "Diffusion-based method for producing densityequalizing Maps", Proceedings of Ihe National Academy of Sciences USA No.101, p.7499-7504 (WgS/ Tda soan nhin dirge bai 16-6-2015: phan bien dinh gia: 20-6-2015, ngiycliip nt>$n dSng- 24-11-2015) 199 ... kem cartograms 2.3 Bg tu- lieu cartograms phuc vu dgy hgc chuffng trinh Dja li Idp 10 phan kinh te - xd hpi Dya tren ehuang trinh ciia sach gido khoa Dia li ldp 10, chimg tdi da Ihanh lap 46 cartograms. .. day va hpc cac miic CO the ling dung cartograms phin kinh te - xa hdi Moi tieu chi kinh tl - xa hdi edn bieu hien tryc quan bdng cartograms se duac lap mdl cartograms vdi mdc thai gian la nam... gidi nam 2005 2 010; Cartograms ve ti trpng edng nghiep GDP cue qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2 010 va Cartograms \e ti trpng dich vy GDP cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2 010 phuc vu phdn