TAP CHl KHOA HOC SO 9 * 20! 5 37 R E N LUYEN TlT DUY DIA LY T R O N G GIANG DAY DIA LI k i N H TE x X H O I C H O NGU^CJI H O C Mai Dinh Luu'''' Tom tat Trong dgy hgc Bia li kinh te xd hgi cdn phdi huang[.]
TAP CHl KHOA HOC SO * 20! 37 R E N L U Y E N TlT DUY D I A LY T R O N G G I A N G DAY D I A L I k i N H T E - x X H O I C H O NGU^CJI H O C Mai Dinh Luu' Tom tat Trong dgy hgc Bia li kinh te - xd hgi cdn phdi huang ddn vd ren luyen cho nguoi hgc cd tir dung ve cdc vdn de dia li, tirng bucrc ndng cao ndng luc tic dia li Phuang phdp tu dung Id tu gdn lien vai lanh tho; tu gdn vdi cdc moi quan he vd tu gdn lien vai su van dgng phdt trien cua su vat vd hien tugng dia li kinh ti - xa hgi Tir khoa: ndng lire tu dia li, Dia li kinh te - xd hgi Nang lire phat trien cho ngudi hgc bao gdm nang luc chung va nang lue ehuyen biet Nang luc chuyen biet mdn hgc Dia li ndi chung va Dia li kinh te - xa hgi ndi rieng cin cd la ndng luc chuyen mdn, nang lyc phuang phdp, ndng luc xd hgi vd nang luc cd nhdn [1] Nang cao nang luc tu la mgt nhiing ngi dung rat quan trgng de hinh v i phat trien nang lire cua ngudi hgc, giup hg cd kha nang ehu ddng, sang tao hge tip; nang ddng, thich ling, sang tao cdng vice va cudc sdng Tuy nhien, thdi gian qua, nhieu nguyen nhin (ea chu quan va khaeh quan), tu hgc tap Dia li ndi chung va Dja li kinh tl - xa hgi ndi rieng ehua duge chu trgng, tham chi cdn chua dung Hien tugng hgc mdn Dia li nhu li mdn hgc thugc, nghia la chi can nam virng eae thdng tin (ndi dimg) ve hi?n tugng, s\r v^t va cac van de dja li la duge phd biin Tir dd chit lugng giing day va hgc tip mdn Dia li da khdng dat duge yeu cau de ra, kiln thiic dia li ehua du de giiip cho ngudi hgc van dyng vao giii quySt nhimg vin de thirc tiln Vi vay, nang eao day hgc Dia li nang cao chat lugng nang luc cho ngudi nang lue tu dia li Kinh te - xa hdi, nham day - hgc va nang cao hge (ca hgc sinh phd * ThS, Trudng Dai hgc Phii Yen thdng va sinh vien chuyen nganh dia H) la vi8c can thiet hien Cff sd hinh thinh phuffng phap tu- dia li Khoa hgc Dia li kinh te - xa hdi cd tinh tdng hgp, nhiem vu ehii yeu la nghien eiiu phin edng lao ddng v i nghiSn eitu td ehue lanh thd (khdng gian) sin xuit - xa hgi Tir dd, kien thiie dia H kinh te - xa hgi nha trudng cd nhiing dae diem ca ban sau: + Gan lien vdi lanh thd (khdng gian): mdi mgt su vat, hien tugng dia li kinh te xa hgi nhu ngudn luc phat trien, dan eu lao ddng, cae nganh kinh te diu gan liln vdi mdt lanh thd cu the + Tdn tai cae mdi quan he, tie d$ng qua lai lan Dd la cac mdi quan hg: giira tg nhien vdi tu nhien; giua dieu kign t^f nhien, tii nguyen thien nhien vdi san xuat - xa hgi; mdi quan h8 giiia cac van de phat trien xa hgi vdi kinh te va quan he giiia cac nganh, eae virng lanh thd kinh te - xa hgi vdi + Sir vat, hien tugng dia li kinh te - xa hgi ludn tdn tai su van dgng, phat trien theo thdi gian [3] Phmmg phap ren luyen tu* dia li giang day Dia li kinh te - xa hgi 2.1 Tu- dia li gSn vdi lanh tho TRITONG DAI HOC PHU YEN Kiln thiie ve td chiie lanh thd (khdng gian) sin xuit, xa hdi la ndi din vi?c td ehiic quy hoach phat triln tren mdt lanh thd eu the (tinh, vung, qude gia) Moi vung lanh thd cd nhung dae diem khae nhau, tham chi rat khac vl vi tri dia li, ve eae dae diem tu nhien (dilu ki6n tu nhien, tai nguyen thien nhien), vl ngudi, van hda, lieh su phat trien, ehinh tri - xa hdi, khoa hgc - edng nghe Do vay, viec td chitc phat trien san xuat, xay dung ket cau ting, phan bd din eu eua lanh thd hgp H, phii dua tren dae diem eu thi eiia lanh thd Tmh trang quy hoaeh phat trien gin gidng d nhieu dia phuang vi tinh trang hgc sinh d nude ta suy nghT ve bai dia li kinh te - xa hdi nhu mgt "don thudc", ed mgt nguyen nhan tir viee suy nghi ve van de dia li khdng gan liln vdi lanh thd Chung ta cd the phan tieh viee ren luygn tu qua viee day va hgc Dia li nhu sau: Danh gia ngudn lire phat trien kinh tS xa hdi Khi ehung ta ban ve mdt ngudn luc cu the nao dd, vi du: danh gia tai nguyen bien ciia nude ta NIU ngudi hge chi phin tieh duge nliimg tiem nang to Idn ciia bien, nhu ve phat trien giao thdng bien, du lieh bien, thiiy san (ca khai thae, nudi trdng), khai thac khoang san vi ehi duge nhirng khd khan ddi vdi trien cac nganh kinh te biin, ddng thdi ehi rd nai cd tilm nang Idn eho nganh nao cu the, thi kit qua dat duge nhu v§y li dung nhung ehua du Nhung neu nhu ngudi hgc tip trung phan tieh nhimg tilm nang, han ehe cua vung bi^n cu the, vi dg: vung biin Phii Yen ddi vdi phit trien giao thdng biin la khdng thuan loi, nhilu han chi Cu thi: vung bien Phu Yen khdng cd viing, vinh Idn, nude siu; Viing Rd la vung kin, khdng sau, nim dudi chin deo Ca nen viee xay dung Cang Vung Rd trd eang thucmg mai la viee khd, it hi?u qua, vi cac tiu trgng tai Idn khd vio duge, lai khd kit ndi vdi cac nai khic tren dit liln (dudng d td, dudng sat) dl van chuyen hang din va di Mgt vi du khae, neu danh gia than biin d ddng bang sdng Cim Long cd tru lugng Idn cin khai thae de san xuat chit dot (nang lugng), sin xuat phin vi sinh thi se din din suy diln dia li (luan diem vat dia li tim thudng) nhung neu phan tieh dae dilm tu nhien cua viing va chi viee khdng khai thae, dl nguyen trang giiip cho viec ngan ehan xim ngap man vio ddng bang li vi8c danh gia dung, gan lien vdi lanh tho Tu viec cu the dd, ngudi hge ed the suy rgng ra, khdng phai cii ed bien la phat triln giao thdng biin, khdng phai ed tai nguyen la phai khai thac tai nguy8n tren lanh thd ma ein phai phan tich de de mice va each khai thic hgp li 2.2 Tu* dia li gan lien vol cac moi quan he Trong Dia li kinh t8 - xa hgi, cac su vat va hien tugng cd quan he vdi nhau, co la quan he qua IELI, cd la quan he nhan qua, ndi ehung la cac mdi quan he kha ehong cheo va phiic tap Mdt ket qua nao dd phat trien kinh te - xa hgi gan vdi lanh tho eu the thudng ehiu tie dgng eiia nhilu nhan td (cae ngudn luc) Ket qui ed the lai la nguyen nhan eua nhieu ket qui tiep theo (mdt chinh saeh mdi ddi, neu hgp li se tao them nhieu ngudn lire mdi cho phat trien) Trong day va hge Dia li kinh tl - xa hgi, cin thilt phii xac dinh cac mdi quan he chinh v i eae moi quan he hd trg Tuy nhien, d noi nay, thdi gian thi mdi quan he nio dd c6 the la chinh, nhung d noi khac, luc khac thi mdi quan he dd cd the lai li phy Chinh vi vay, phan tich danh gia cae moi quan he day va hgc ludn la viec kho khan, phiic tgp, tir dan den mgt thue te la don giin hda cac moi quan he Van de dat la lam the nao de ren luyen duge nang luc tu gan vdi eae mdi quan he mdt each day du, dung muc TAP CHi KHOA HOC SO • 2015 Thdng thudng giing day Dia H kinh te - xa hgi, giao vien, nhit li d eae trudng phd thdng, ehu yeu la hudng dan ngudi hgc tim vi giai quyet cac mdi quan he nhan qua (quan he mdt ehieu) vl vay vi6e trude tien la phai bd sung phin tich cac mdi quan he tic dgng qua lai (quan he hai chieu) Vi du: Khi danh gia ngudn luc dat dai ddi vdi phat triSn nganh trdng trgt thi ngoai phan tich loai dat phu hgp vdi dae diem sinh thai eua cay trdng, tii lira ehgn cay trdng thich nghi de phat trien, chung ta cin phin tich them cae loai eiy trdng thich nghi cd the sin xuat thi cay nao tieu tdn it nude hon, it phi cua dit han, vinde ehe bien, tieu thu tren thi trudng nhu thi nao? Hieu qui kinh te eao hay thap hon va tac dgng den mdi trudng sao? Tuang tir nhu vay, phan tich van dl phat trien kinh te cua mdt nganh tren lanh thd khdng chi phan tieh eae mdi quan he giiia ngudn lire tie ddng din su phat triln ciia nganh ma cdn phai phan tich tic dgng ciia su phat trien ay ddi vdi nganh khac nhu the nao? Vin dl xa hgi, nang eao thu nhap cho ngudi dan v i tac dgng den mdi trudng tu nhien nhu the nao? Trong dieu kien hien nay, xu the hgi nhap kinh te va qude te hda nen kinh te thi cae mdi quan he tir ben ngoai lanh thd eang trd nen quan trgng, ddi hdi ngudi hgc phai suy nghT va phan tich duge 2.3 TIT gin lien vdi su- v3n dong va phat triln ciia su- vat, hien tirgng dia li Su vat ludn bien ddi, nhat la cae ddi tugng Dia li kinh te - xa hdi bien ddi phiic tap va nhanh chdng Vi vay yeu ciu ddi vdi giao vien, hgc sinh giing day va hgc t|p la phai thudng xuyen cap nhat thdng tin mdi, hien dai de dieu ehinh, bd sung thdng tin eho saeh giao khoa (hay giao trinh) Viec mdt thdi gian dii ehiing ta giang day va danh 39 gia chu yeu dira vao ndi dung thdng tin saeh giao khoa, din din yeu eiu cap nhat kien thiie hien dai khdng edn la bat bude, liu din trd thdi quen danh gia ngudn lue phat trien hay su phat trien ciia cac nganh kinh tl it ddng mi nhieu tmh Thue te giing day va hgc tap Dia li kinh te - xa hdi din din kien thiic thu duge ket qua sai, nhieu rit tai hai van dung vao thyc tiln san xuit va euge sdng Khi nghien eiiu ve van dl dan sd, Malthus da khdng thay duge quy luat qua dan sd v i su phat trien eua khoa hge - cdng nghe, dd dng da cho rang din sd tang theo eap sd nhan, ciia cai vat ehit tang theo cip sd cdng li mgt quy luat, vi vay da dua bien phap giai quyet la giam dan sd d eae nude ngheo va lac hau, day la biSn phip sai lim va thieu tinh nhan van Cd mdt thdi ki d nude ta suy nghi ve phat trien kinh te la dya tren tai nguyen thien nhien, nen da ed gang lam cho mgi ngudi biet nude ta giau tai nguyen, rdi kinh te phat trien khd khan lai dat ciu hdi vay nude ta thyc sy giau hay ngheo tii nguy6n thien nhien? Sy suy nghT tTnh dd dan den sy hieu sai ve tai nguy6n ning ving, bien bac Hg da tien hinh khai thac de phat triln kinh tl ma khdng nghT den bao ve, tai tao nd Tu ay ciing da dan den mdt thdi phat trien cdng nghiep phai xay dyng nha may cd ong khdi cao v i to (bieu tugng edng nghiep mgt thdi), xay dyng eae nhi may d gin sdng va gan day la dgc cac tuyen dudng chinh Ket qua ciia sy phat trien ay li tinh trang suy giam, can kiet tai nguyen, d nhilm mdi trudng tang, giao thdng it nhieu bi trd ngai De ren luyen each tu trudc het can phai bat bude thye hien yeu ciu bd sung, eap nh?t kien thiic hien dai hgc tap Trong qua trinh giang day va hge tap ve nhimg van de dia li cin lim ro tinh hinh trudc day, hien vi du bao tuang lai TRU'dNG DAI HOC PHU YEN •no (gin, xa) Chu trgng den nhan xet, phin tich sy thay ddi (chuyin dieh) dd nhu the nao? Nhanh hay eham? Ngay su phat trien cua khoa hge edng nghe da lam thay ddi toan dien cic vin dl kinh tl-xa hdi, nlu trude day ngudn lao dgng ddng, gia re la Igi thi thi lao dOng chit lugng cao mdi li ngudn luc quan trgng, ehit xam da ehilm den 70% gia trj san phim Mdt ca chi, chmh saeh thay ddi hgp li li ddng lue de phat huy cae ngudn luc cho phat triln Trong chuyin tham ehinh thiie Viet Nam, Tdng thdng Hoa ky B Obama gap go klioing 30 phiit vdi cac doanh nlian tre d thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, dng da khai day nilm tin va truyin cam hiing khdi nghiep cho nhieu ngudi tre, phat huy tiem nang vi tang nang lugng lam viec eho hg Cd thi thiy ring, suy nghT eiia ngudi hgc vl sy thay ddi eua sy vat, hien tugng dia H theo quy lulit hay nhieu ea lang man la rit cin thilt Ket luan Ren luyen nang cao nang luc tu dja li cho ngudi hgc la viee lim de phat triSn nang lyc ngudi hge, la viee quan trgng giang day Dia li kinh te - xa hgi ma mdi giao vien cin phai lam Cung vdi viee ddi mdi phuong phap giang day va danh gia theo nang lire thi cin ehii trgng dung mire den ren luySn tu dia U cho ngudi hge Ren luyen va ning cao nang lyc tu eho ngudi hgc khdng chi giup cho ngudi hgc humg thu vdi mdn hgc ma edn giiip cho ngudi hge cd kha nang van dung nhimg kien thie hgc duge nhi trudng de giai quylt nhung vin de thyc tiln cdng viee, eude sdng cda minh dat Chiing tdi hy vgng rang nhimg vin dl trao d6i tren day ed thi giup cho mgt sd giao vien chua chu trgng vigc ren luyen tu cho ngudi hge se ed thay ddi va dua viee lam vao giao an giang day cua minhO TAI H f U THAM KHAO [1] [2] [3] Anh Dung (2014), Xdc dinh cdc ndng luc chuyen biet cd the hinh thdnh cho hgc sinh thdng qua hgc tap mdn dia li, Bao GD&TD dien tir, 15/4/2014 Nguyin Canh Toan (ehu bien), Nguyin Ky-Vu Van Tao-Bui Tudng (1998), Qud trinh Dgy - Tu hgc, Nxb Giao due Nguyen Diie Vu (2001), Phuang phdp dgy hgc dia ly a thong, Trudng D?ii hgc su pham - Dai hgc Hue Abstract Training the geographical thinking in the work of teaching socio-economic geography In teaching and learning socio-economic geography, it is necessary for teachers to guide and train their learners in shaping the right ways of thinking on geographical issues, step by step promoting their geographical thinking ability The correct thinking method means the ones closely connected with the territory; with the relationships and with the movements and development of the things and the socio-economic geographical phenomena Key words: geographical thinking ability, socio-ecomic geography ... dl xa hgi, nang eao thu nhap cho ngudi dan v i tac dgng den mdi trudng tu nhien nhu the nao? Trong dieu kien hien nay, xu the hgi nhap kinh te va qude te hda nen kinh te thi cae mdi quan he tir... tiep theo (mdt chinh saeh mdi ddi, neu hgp li se tao them nhieu ngudn lire mdi cho phat trien) Trong day va hge Dia li kinh tl - xa hgi, cin thilt phii xac dinh cac mdi quan he chinh v i eae moi... thdi ki d nude ta suy nghi ve phat trien kinh te la dya tren tai nguyen thien nhien, nen da ed gang lam cho mgi ngudi biet nude ta giau tai nguyen, rdi kinh te phat trien khd khan lai dat ciu