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Tap chi Khoa hpc DHCJGHN, Nghier u Giao dye Tap 29, S6''''2 (2013) 64 71 Nhmig rao can chat luang hoc tap cua tre khuy6t tat a Viet Nam Nguyen Thanh Binh Vifn Nghiin cuu Supham Tru&ng Dai hgc Suphgm Hd N[.]
Tap chi Khoa hpc DHCJGHN, Nghier u Giao dye Tap 29, S6'2 (2013) 64-71 Nhmig rao can chat luang hoc tap cua tre khuy6t tat a Viet Nam Nguyen Thanh Binh Vifn Nghiin cuu Supham Tru&ng Dai hgc Suphgm Hd Ngi 136 Xudn Thdy Cdu Gidy, Hd Ngi Vi^l Nam Nhan 04 thang 01 nam 2013 Chinhsiiangay 29 thang nam 2013; chap nhan dang 04 thang 12n5m2013 Tom tSt: Bai viet trinh bay ket qua nghi&i ciru vi cdc rao can Ire khuyet tat (TKT) den truong va nhirng rio can TKT hpc co chat lupng cac ca so giao due ph6 thdng Vi?t Nam Nhitng rdo can TKT den tru&ng bao gom nhan thuc cua cha m? han che gia dinh kho k h ^ ho5c cong tac tujen truven, van dong ciia dia phuong dSc biet TKT co the bj tir choi dupc vao hoc o c^c ca so giao due dual eac hinh thiic khac Ti 1? TKT hpc tiep len THCS c6n rat thip Nhiing rdo can TKT hoc cd chdt lugng la chua danh gia diing loai va muc dp khuylt I|t, cQng nhu chua xic dinh dupc di€m manh nhu cau ciia TKT de xay dung ke hoach giao due ca nhan sat thyc GV dgy TKT nhu day HS \eu kem, ma chua biet each dgy phii hpp vol d^c diem ciia timg loai tat thieu cac trang thiet bi phuang tien day hpc d3c thii dieu ki?n CSVC chua dupc cai thien cho phii hop vai HSKT Moi truong tam li xa hoi eiing chua thuc su than thien vdi TKT Su ph6i hpp giQa nha truong gia dinh long leo nen hgn che hi?u qua gido dye Tren ca sa nhung phdt hi?n do, bii viet de xuat cdc bien phdp doi voi cdc cap quan li gido due va hucmg ung dung CNTT nhJim gidm thieu nhihig rao can chat lupng giao d^c TKT Tit khda Tre khujet tgt, rao can TKT den truong, rao can TKT hpc co chit lupng Trong khuon kho ciia Dir an "TSng cuong tiep can vi chat Iugng giao due hoa nh^p thong qua cong ngh^ thong tin cho tre khuyit tat" (hpp tac giQa To chuc CRS va Bo Gido due Dao tao), mot khao sat ve: "Danh gia nhutig kho khSn eiia TKT tiep can voi b^c hpe thong nhim dua cac giai phap sii dung CNTT de t5ng cuang tiep e^n tot n h i t cho TKT tuang lai" da dupc tiin hanh tai 16 truong h6a nhap tieu hpc, THCS va ca so giao due chuyen bi|t a tinh, thanh: Thai Nguyen, Ha Npi, Quang Binh va Tp Ho Chi Minh vdi mhi DT 84-904334915 Email ngihanhbtnh56§^ahoo ci la 487 ngircfi bao gom can bp quan ly GD, GV, HS, HSKT va cha m? TKT, dai dien Hpi NKT, chuyen gia CNTT vdi cac phuang phap phong van nhom, phong van sau, phieu hoi ban cau triic, quan sat gia chai, du gia, thu thap s6 lieu thong k e Khao sat dirge thuc hien tir thang 12/2012 dgn thang 2/2013 Sau day la mgt so phdt hien phan anh nhirng rao can chat lucmg hgc tap eiia tre khuylt tSt Mot so rao can t r e khuyet t^t t i l p c^n giao due CO chat ItrQ'Dg 1.1 Rdo cdn ddi v&i ire khuyet tdt trgng viec di hgc, chuyen cdp N.T Binh I Tgp dd Khoa hgc DHQGHN Nghien ciru Gido due Tap 29, So2 (2013) 64-/1 1.1 So lugng va ly le TKT di hpc thong hien o cac dia phuong chua xac djnh dugc dSy du va chinh xac, dieu la bSt cap so voi yeu cau v^ "Xay dung he thong quan ly thong tin v^ tre em co hoan canh kho khan tii trung uang din dia phuong"' Dieu 6: Ndi dung qudn ly ve gido due hod nhgp (Thong tu sd 39/2009/TT-BG-DT) [2] 1.2 Mpt so TKT kha nSng di hpc nhimg chua tiep can dugc giao due tieu hpc cong tie tuyen truyen, van dgng va nhan thuc ciia cha me han che hoan canh gia dinh kho khin, nha xa truong hpc hoac bi tir choi dudi cac hinh thuc khac Mgt so TKT di hgc mugn so vdi tuoi gia dinh thuang hoic tiep can thong tin muon Viec TKT di hgc mugn so vdi tuoi du vi bdt cu li gi cung d ^ den nhihig hau qua la i) Thong thirdng qua tuoi; ban than TKT \a gia dinh se khong muon di hgc nira, nha trudng ciing ng^i nhan; ii) Dii cd di hgc TKT Idn khdng mudn di hpc vdi tre nhd hon co the cung se dan den bo hgc !.3.Ti le HSKT cip THCS thip hon i^t nhieu so vdi cap tieu hgc gia dinh TKT bing long vdi muc tieu la tre biet dpc, biet viet sau hgc het chucmg trinh tieu hgc Han niia HSKT d3 nhieu tuoi, cd the lao dgng giiip gia dinh hoic kiem sdng - dac biet chuang trinh THCS khd hem so vdi tieu hpc, them vao la thilu su quin ly theo ddi chat ch6 viec chuyen cap ciia HSKT Viec hgc chuyen tiep ciia HSKT cdn gap khd khin kJu HSKT hgc chuyen biet cd khd ndng hgc tiip gdp khd khan chuyin len cdp THCS hogc THPT \ i d cic trudng hda nhip chua sin sang tiep nhan ly la: can bg quan ly \a GV chua dugc bdi dudng chuyen mdn, thilu cac phuong tien dac thii nhu SGK chu noi, GV khong biltchiJ ndi hoSc giao tiep bing ngdn ngij ky hieu nhu trudng chuyen biet 1.4 Chua cd quy che chuyen cap tir THCS len THPT cho HSKT HSKT hge chuyen biet cd kha ning hgc tiep gap khd khin chuyen hda nhap cap THCS, hoac THPT vi cac tnrdng chua dii dieu kien de tiep nhan [1 ] Cdn mpt ti le Idn TKT bd hgc sau tieu hpc d cac dia phuang Vi viy, can cd hinh thirc hgc tap phii hgp thong qua ung dung CNTT tao ca hgi cho nhdm tre niy tiep tue hgc de hoa nhap xa hgi 1.2 Rag cdn ddi v&i HSKT qud trinh hgc tap 2.1 Do thieu tieu chi va cdng cu danh gii TKT nen khong danh gia diing kha nang ciia HSKT gay inh hudng den xac dinh muc tieu va bien phap tac dgng den timg em HSKT thudng dugc xac dinh kha ning dudi muc dp phdt trien nen day hgc GV khdng d|t ky vgng diing muc vdi tre, hoac GV nham lan dang va miic dp kho khan din den sai lech su dung phuang tien hd trg HSKT Tieu chi de xac dinh the nao 1^ TKT d Diiu Dgng i§t (rong Nghi dinh 28/2012/"ND-CP vl quy djnh ehi tiet vi hudng din thi hinh mdt so Dilu luat Ngudi khuyet tat [4] chua phu hgp vdi tit ci cic dang tat Ddng thdi, cho den vin chua cd hudng dan va eong eu de xac dinh TKT Do vay, cac dja phuang mdi chi xac dinh NKT mpt cich chu quan theo cam tinh va nhiJng biiu hien ben ngoai va tap trung vio viec kha ning tu phuc vu ban than ciia NKT Mdt so dang KT nhu khiem thi, khiem thinh thudng dugc xac djnh dira vao ket luan ciia V te Viec xic dinh va danh gid chiic nang cho TKT tri tue mgt cich khoa hgc thi van chua thuc hien dugc Tieu chi vl dang CPTTT va cdng cu dinh gia dang tat cdn chua r5 rang, cung nhu viec xac dinh co quan chuyen mon nao c6 tham quy In xac nhin TKT dang la vin dl va trd rao cin doi vdi thuc tien giio due TKT Nhiing khd khan din tdi he qua khdng muon, the hien d ca hai khia canh sau: N.T Bmh I Tgp ehi Khoa fioc DHQGHN Nghieii a'ru Gido due Tap 29 Sd'2 (2013) 64-71 Thu nhdt, TKT thue su nhung chua duge thira nhin la KT de duge ung xii vi tiep cin phii hgp giio due Dieu niy xiy kha bien doi vdi HS CPTTT d cic dia phuong mi khdng ed ea quan chuyen mdn ve tam ly, tim thin de cd the sii dung cae cdng cu danh gia, sang loc Ngay d cic phd Idn nhu Hi Ngi, TP HCM thi ciing chua cd sir thdng nhit su dung cong cu nao de danh gia eho phu hgp vi eo quan, td chiic nao dugc coi li co tham quyen chuyen mon de danh gia TCPTTT Chinh vi viy, mac dii Luit ngudi khuyet tat dS CO hieu luc nhimg chinh quyIn cap xa, phudng CO thi van tir chdi viec xic nh^n TKT, dieu CO nghTa li TKT khd cd dugc giay xic nhan khuyet tat theo quy dinh tai Dilu 15 va 16 Luat ngudi khuyet t^t [3] va Dieu 2,3 ciia Nghi djnh 28/ND-CP ngiy 10 thing nSm 2012 hudng dan xac dinh dang tat va ddnh gii miic tit [4] Do dd din den khd khan viec lap dugc hd so HSKT Dieu niy khdng chi anh hudng den ty le hge sinh luu ban ciia trudng hda nhip, mi cdn din din h^u qua li HSKT qui tUQ) tieu hge nhung chua hoin thinh chuong trinh tieu hgc vi phai nghi hgc, khdng CO ca hgi hoe tiep len THCS Thu hai, HS khdng phii la KT nhung bi coi la KT Trong thg:e te cd nhiing trudng hgp tre c6 cde khiem khuyet nhd va khdng gay khd khin thuc su cho viec nhin va hgc nhung bi gin mac cho li KT, tit bj coi li han chi vl kha ning va c6 thi dugc xIp vao nhdm TKT cin danh gia theo su tien bg mi khdng xep loai, de dd inh hudng din ty le xIp loai HS vl van hoa 2.2 Viec lap ke hogch giao due ea nhan cho HSKT d cie co sd GD (ci hoa nhap vi chuyen biet) cdn chua that phu hgp hoic cdn mang tinh hinh thdc, thim chi co trudng tieu hpc khdng lim Dieu anh hudng den toin bg qui trinh dgy hpc, ddnh gia ket qui va su ph6i hgp giira GV va phu huynh cua TKT Chi cd 52 GV day hda nhgp chilm 42.6% mlu khao sat biit cdch dgy HSKT, sd cdn lai chua dugc tap huan, hoac chua dugc chi dao ve dieu chinh muc tiSu, npi dung day HSKT, ciJng nhu khdng nim dugc PPDH die thii nen quan niem va day HSKT nhu day HS yeu kem Phuang phip day khong phii hgp vdi HSKT nen GV bat li^c va dd ldi cho TKT, bd roi cic em tren ldp va din den hoai nghi ciia mot so can bg quan ly va GV ve tinh thich hgp cua giao due hda nhap, die bi?t d cic trudng c6 HSKT dang CPTTT, tu ki vi d cap THCS BGH nhd tru&ng thieu bi?n phdp phdt trien chuyen mdn cho GV dgy hoa nhdp Tgi cie co sd nhom khao sat thuc hien, deu thay BGH nhi trudng chua quan tim trao doi va riit kinh nghigm ve giao due hda nhap TKT, chua ehu dpng td chiic sinh hogt chuyen de ve giao dye hda nhip hoic dua vio ngi dung sinh hogt to, nhom chuyen mdn GV dgy hoa nhip thudng trao doi kinh nghiem gid choi nhu cau tir phat Dio tgo, bdi duong, phit trien ngudn nhan iirc eho giao due hoi nhap ii mgt yeu cau cd y nghia chien luge, nhung tren th\rc tl cdn rit bit cap so vdi quyen eua GV tham gia dgy hda nhap tit ci nhiing noi ma nhdm khao sdt din ehua cd GV trudng THCS nao dupc tip huan bai ban vl day hoa nhip HSKT, ciing nhu cdn ti le ding ke GV tieu hgc dgy hoa nhgp cung chua dugc tap huan R5 rang la cd mdt khoing each Idn giua quyen dugc dao tao, tap huin ciia GV vdi thuc tl day hpc hda nhap HSKT mi hp dang dam nhiem Dieu co anh hudng rit Idn den chat lugng giio due hda nhgp Trach nhiem thudc ci quan ly cap sd va cap phdng GD-DT 2.3 d tit ci eae ca sd giao dye hda nhgp vi chuyen biet deu thieu phuang tien dgy hgc phii hgp vdi HSKT va phuang ti^n h6 trg HSKT hpc tgp, nen cang lam cho viee day HSKT khd khin han Trong dieu kien cdn thieu nhiing nghien ciiu va san xuit dd dimg hgc tgp danh cho day HSKT thi viec nghien ciiu va ling dung N.T Binh / Tgp dii Khoa lioc DHQGHN > « aru Gido due Tap 29, So (2013) 64-71 CKTT day HSKT cd y nghia chiln luge giiip khic phuc rao c i n Ve thirc trgng dng dung CNTT gido due TKT & Viet Nam: Da sd cac trudng hda n h i p dugc khao sat deu cd phdng m i y tinh de HS hpc tin hpc (ty chgn ddi vdi tieu hgc, bat huge d6i vdi THCS), dd d i cd % HSKT hpc h6a nh^p m i u khao sit d i tilp can may tinh qua trinh hgc mon Tin hgc, hoac d nha D i y la dieu kien tich cue neu iing dung CNTT dgy HSKT Cac trudng hda nhgp deu co may chieu projector, may tinh xich tay phue vu chii yeu cho GV thuc hien eac tilt thao giing theo yeu c i u tii d i n tiit nam hpc, nhung cd trudng chuyen bi?t lgi chua co GV it sii dung CNTT day hgc vi thilu phin mem day hpc, v i nang lire sir dung CNTT doi vdi mpt b§ phan GV cdn han che Trong b6i canh viec img dung CNTT dgy hgc cho HSKT mdi trudng hda nhgp g i n nhu chua CO gi Tgi cac trudng chuyen biet da co nhiing ting dyng phan mSm day ngdn ngii ky hieu theo chii de v i mue tieu chinh la cung cip cac khii ni?m - tir ngti cd kem theo hinh anh minh hga cho HS khiim thinh, hoic su dung phin mem JAWS, NVDA giiip dpc man hinh (chuyen text am thanh, chuyen ddi chii ndi sang chii thudng va ngugc lgi), hay GV x i y dung giio i n dien tii de dgy bai hgc cu the cho HS khiem thi Tic dgng ciia nhiing iing dung CNTT ddi vdi HSKT la tich eye v i HSKT hdng thii vdi nhihig gid hgc cd ung dung CNTT Do dd, cin phii md rdng iing dung CNTT day hgc TKT theo c i hudng xay dyng hgc lieu phuc vu giio due hda nhip, lan phin mem hudng v i o khic phuc nhiing kho khSn dac thii cua timg loai khuylt tit 2.4 Moi trudng g i i o due hoa nhip eon nhilu HSKT hge hda nhap bj treu chge va xa lanh gay ton thuong cho cie em (22 em ehiim 43.1%), nhung BGH va GV khong biit Su phan biet ddi xu vdi ban KT d moi trudng hda nhap THCS the hien ro han d Tiiu hpc Hien tugng bit ngt treu chpc ciing xay d ca moi trudng giao due chuyen biet BGH va GV chua quan tdm tim hieu nhiing hien tugng xg Idnh treu chgc ky- thi HSKT n i m sau dirdi be mat quan he sinh hogt hang ngiy dk cd bien phap khic phuc kip thdi, giiip c i c em trinh bi tdn thuong, tu ty, mac cam de hda nhap tdt hon D i l u n i y din din tinh trgng la BGH v i GV khong nam duac nhiing gi ma mdt so HSKT dang phai chiu dyng Mac dii mpt s6 trudng da quan tam to chiic eac nhdm bgn giiip HSKT hpc tap, sinh hogt H i u het cac trudng hoa nhap chua ed cii thi^n vl CSVC cho phii hgp vdi HSKT cd trudng cdn chua bo tri Idp hpc phii hgp cho HSKT vgn dpng dieu kien sin cd Moi tudng chuyen biet ciing chua d i m bao thuin tien, an toin cho HSKT, thim chi cd trudng mdi xay ciing khong d i m bio yeu cau niy Thyc te n i y eho thay e i c trudng hda nhgp eon chua d i m bao nhiing tieu chi ea ban viec xay dyng trudng hpc thin thien theo chi dao ciia Bd GD-DT 2.5 Danh gia ket qua hgc tap hay su tiin bg ciia HSKT d Tieu hgc dya vao hudng dan cua Thdng tu 32 theo cac nguyen tac: 1) ddng \ien, khuyen khich v i chii trgng den qua trinh ren luyen ky nang sdng, ning h o i nhap va su ti^n bp cua cae em; 2) can cir vao muc tieu ngi dung giio due da dieu chinh theo ke hogch giao due ca nhan; 3) dua vao quy dinh chung, cd giam nhe yeu eau hoac mien giam ngi dung giio due phu hgp vdi die diem ciia nhom va moi c i nhan tre em eo hoan cinh kho khin [7] Cdn danh g i i ket qui hgc tap hay su tien bg ciia HSKT d THCS dua vao hudng din cua Thong tu 58 theo HSKT dugc dinh g i i theo nguyen tae dgng vien, khuySn khich su nd luc v i su tiln bp ciia HS la chinh Neu HSKT ed k h i nang dap umg eac yeu cau ctia chuong trinh giao due THCS thi dupc ddnh gia, xep loai nhu HS khdng khuyet tat nhung cd giam nhe yeu c i u vl ket qua hge tgp; cdn neu HSKT khdng dii kha ning d i p img yeu cau ciia chuong trinh giao due THCS thi dugc danh gia dua tren sy N T Binh I Tap ehi Khoa iioe DHQGHN Ngliie no lyc, tien bg cua HS va khdng xep logi doi tugng [8] Nhung uen thuc te su vgn dung nhihig hudng din rat khac Co noi theo quy dinh chung yeu ciu HSKT phii dgt dilm trung binh d mdn tieng Viet va Toan dan den tinh trang di qui tuoi hgc tieu hpc ma chua hoin chuang trinh tieu hgc, tir dd khdng cd co hgi hgc len THCS; ed noi cd quan diem tieh cue dinh gii hoic cho HSKT len ldp dya tren su tien bg ciia cac em; eiing cd noi khdng dya vio ngi dung da dieu chinh de de kiem tra danh gii cic em mi de thi/kigm tra chung sau nhan doi sd diem thuc cho HSKT dinh gii O cic ca sd GD chuyen biet chua tiep can dugc chuang trinh Bp da ban hanh nam 2010, nen mdi ncri ty xiy dyng khong c6 sy chia se, tham khao lin Chuang trinh dgy hgc la mgt co sd de GV dinh gii ket qui hge tap ciia HSKT, cho nen viec danh gia chat lugng d cic ca sd giao due chuyen biet cOng khdng thong nhit Thyc te niy can cd sy chi dao, hudng dan cy the hon cua Bg GD-DT HSKT hgc chuyen biet vi h6a nhap diu dugc thira nhin co tien bg, ho§c tien bg khdng' rd ret tiiy thuge vao timg mat: kiln thiic, thii hgc tap, hinh vi giao tiep, ky ning tu phuc vu d timg em 2.6 Sy phoi hpp giura nhi trudng, gia dinh vi c^ng ddng to chirc giao due hoa nhap Idng leo Do han che ve nhin thirc, eo nhihig gia dinh HSKT (tham chi ca ngudi cd tri thiic) khdng muon chap nhan minh eo khuyet tit, sg bi ki thi, nen khdng dua di kham theo tu vin ciia can bo QLGD ho^c GV Hien tugmg cha me khong ddng thuan li bi KT ci y li CO sd khim vi ket luan li hien tugng phd biln, xiy d tit ci cac nai ma nhdm tiln hinh khao sat Nha trudng chua loi cudn dugc gia dinh vao lip vi thyc hien KHGD ca nhan Nhin chung la chua hudng din duge gia dinh each giup HSKT hgc d nhi va ren luyen cic ky nang dac thii u Gido due Tap 29 So (2013) 64-71 Mdt so nai chua tham muu dugc cho chinh quyen vi cic ban nganh doin the cpng dong cimg tham gia van dgng TKT di hgc, xac nhgn hd so khuyet tat, hd trg HSKT hgc tap vi tgo mdi trudng vat ly, tinh than thuan lgi cho cic em phat trien [1] 1.3 Rdo cdn lirphia cong tdc qudn ly gido due tre khuyet tdt 3.1 Tiep cgn cdc vdn bdn chi dgo, huang ddn cua Bg : Bg GD-DT dS ban hinh mgt so vin bin hudng din td chiic giao due hoa nhgp TKT nhu Quylt dinh sd 23/2006/QDBGD&DT [5] va Thdng tu sd 39/2009/TTBGD-DT [6] quy dinh ve giao due hda nhap cho tre em co hoan canh khd khin Tuy nhien, c6 trudng cin bd quan ly vi GV ehua tiep can dupe nhflng hudng dan niy nen t6 chirc giio dye HSKT cdn theo kinh nghiem, dd vin tfln tgi nhirng rio can phuang phip dgy hpc, moi trudng nhi trudng ddi vdi HSKT nhu da dl cgp d tren 3.2 Cdn bgqudn ly nhd tru&ng thilu cac bien phap hd trg vi phit trien ehuySn mon dgy hgc hda nhSp cho GV, chira ed quy ehi thi dua khen thudng GV day hoa nhip Dilu din den tinh trgng GV dgy hoa nhip chua dugc dam bao hai hoa giiia trach nhiem va quyin lgi So sanh vdi yeu ciu Dilu 16 (Thdng tu 39) [6] ve Nhiem vy ciia can bg quan ly giio dye hoi nhap cho thiy kha nhifiu ton tai thuc tiln 3.3 Cac cip quan li Sd, phong GD-DT thilu chi dgo sat va quan li chit chi ve giao due hda nhap TKT Thdng thudng cic Sd, phong GD-DT chi dgo giao due TKT chung Hgi nghi trien khai ke hogch nim hgc mdi, thilu tgp huin vi thieu chi sd giim sit, eho nen mgt so cin b6 quan li cam nhgn vifc td chiic giio dye hoa nhgp TKT nhu thi nao cung dugc, Viec thu thap thdng tin phan hdi tir cic trudng thong qua N T Binh I Tap chi K)ioa hoe DHQCHN, N^ien diu Gido due Tap 29 So (2013) 64-71 idng ghep ke hogch nam hgc, bio cio tdng kit ehi di theo ddi su ting giam sd HSKT, hogc dl khdng tinh HSKT ti le danh gia thi dua va cap, mi chua nhim muc dich de cd bien phip ho trg, cai thien cic dieu ki^n vi cai tien phuong phap day hpc phii hgp vdi HSKT lim cho viec thue hien giao due hda nhip thieu hi^u qui cac vin ban hudng dan ciia Bg Giao due vi Dio tgo Chi dgo cac co sd giio dye - dao tgo ed trich nhiem td chiic giio due HSKT cd chit lugng; Xiy dyng va ciing cd mii quan he gi&a cic CO sd giio due chuyen biet va giao dye hda nhap tren dia ban viec phat trien nang lye chuyen mdn Mot so de xuat nhSm khac phuc rao can Can chi dao cac sd GD-DT trien khm tip huan, bdi dudng thudng xuyen cho GV day hda nhgp TKT, dong thdi ban hanh them nhiing vin ban hudng dan ve dp tuoi dugc hpc d cac cap hpc; Hudng dan giam cic mon hpc mi timg dang TKT gap kho khan; Hudng din dinh gia cin cu the hon va cd sy thdng nhit (eic tieu chi dinh gii de chuyen Idp, chuyen cip d6i vdi HSKT) de tgo dieu kien cho HSKT khong gip khd khin chuyen trudng; Dieu chinh nhirng diem chua phii hgp vdi thyc tien Dac biet, cin CO chinh sich ve che dp phy cap cho GV day hoa nhip Ddng thdi, chi dao co quan nghien ciru xac dinh cong cy dinh gia va cae tieu chi phan loai TKT Tren co sd cac phat hien tren, cd the dua cae de xuat sau diy nhim giim thieu rao cin ddi vdi giao dye TKT: 2.1 Ddi v&i cdc tru&ng TH THCS De ting cudng chit lugng giao due hoa nhip, nha trudng can chii dgng bdi dudng chuyen mdn eho GV thong qua cic sinh hogt chuyen mdn; Tang cudng kiem tra giim sit vi tgo dieu kien de GV chu dgng, sang tao vi£c giio dye HSKT; Cd bien phip khac phyc triet de cac hien tugng co tinh yeu chgc HSKT, Quan tam cai thien moi trudng vat ly phu hop vdi HSKT thdng qua xE hdi hoa giio dye; Phoi hop vdi gia dinh viec xay dyng va thyc hien ke hoach GD ci nhan; Tang cudng phdi hgp vdi chinh quyen dia phuang viec huy dgng TKT di hoc vi xac nhgn HS KT Ddi vdi HSKT, vi|e trang bj ki nang s6ng vi dgy ngh6 cho cic em can dugc nhi trudng quan tam die biet de cic em cd the hda nhap thuc sy va cd the sdng ddc lip trudng thinh Tiiy timg logi khuyet tat va miic dg khuylt tat mi xac djnh ndi dung giao due KNS va nghl phii hop vdi nhu ciu vi kha ning cua cac em Thyc hifn dugc nhifm vu niy dim bao cdng bing gido dye doi vdi TKT 2.2 Ddi v&i Phdng vd so GD - DT Xay dyng vi thyc hi?n cie tieu chi giam sit, danh gii giao dye HSKT tren co sd cy thi hda 2.3 Ddi v&i Bg GD-DT 2.4 Vi ung dung CNTT gido due TKT 4.! Hinh thinh vi xay dung mgt mo hinh ling dyng CNTT cho giao due TKT d VN cin trinh le thuge vao timg du dn, trdnh le thupc vio trinh cdng nghe tgi m6t thdi dilm va khdng ehi • nhin vio mdt vai hinh thuc giio dye TKT dang thinh hinh tai mot sd nude Cin cd mdt Ig trinh phit triin md hinh tSng the lau dai vdi cac hogt dpng tac dgng vao ca phuong dien: i) Md rgng hinh thirc hge ciia TKT ii) Ting cudng tii nguyen he thong vi cdng cu, iii) Xiy dyng h? th6ng hge lieu da dgng vl ngi dung va hinh thiic Trong dd, cin uu tien thiit kl va xay dyng mgt he thong quan ly, chia se hpc lieu vi cie cdng cy (phan mem) hd trp cho giang day TKT N.T Binh I Tap chi Klioa lioc DHQCHN Ngliieu Gido due, Tgp 29, Sff (2013) 64-71 4.2 Trudc mit nen diu tu vio nhimg viec sau: i) X i y dyng thu vien hpe lieu eho md hinh giio due hda n h i p TKT ii) Tiep nhgn va Viet hda mdt sd phan mem d i diing tren the gidi nhim khic phyc rao c i n cua mpt sd logi khuyet tat iii) Td chiic mot sd khda hpc tir xa cho TKT iiii) Can x i y dung c d i ^ thdng tin chinh th6ng ve giio dye cho tre KT [2] Tai lieu tham khao [1] Nguyen Thanh Binh (tiuong nhom) Le Van Tac, Ho Cam H^ Hoang Manh Thang Khao sat vc rao can tr£ khuyet tgt tiep can giao due c6 chat lupng Thang nam 2013 [2] H6 Cam Ha, Hoing Manh Thing Dl xuat giai p h ^ img dung CNTT nhim n ^ g cao chit lupng giio d^c TKT ( B ^ cio chuyen de thupc khao sat ve rio can Ire khuylt Igi tilp cgn giao dye cd chat lupng) [3] Luat nguoi khuyet tgi (Lugt 51/2010/QH 12) [4] Nghi dinh sl 28/2012/ND-CP ngdy 10/4/2012 ve hudng din thyc hi^n Lu^I nguoi khu>'et tgt [5] Quylt djnh s6 23/2006/QD- BGD&DT 25 thang 5/2006 cua Bp tniong Bp GD&DT ban hanh "Quy djnh ve giao dye h6a nhgp cho nguoi khuylt igL Idn tgt" [6] Thong tu si 39/2009nT-BGD-DT quy djnh vl gido dye h6a nhgp cho tre em c6 hoin canh kh6 khan [7] Thdng tu 32/ 2009 /TT- BGDDT ng^y 27/10/2009 ciia BO GD&DT ban hanh quy djnh dinh gia vi xIp loai HS lieu hpc [8] Thong hi 58/ 2010 /TT- BGDDT ban hanh quy dinh ddnh gid va xIp loai hoc sinh THCS Barriers of Leaming QuaHty of Disabled Children in Vietnam Nguyen Thanh Binh The Inslilulefor Educational Rearch - Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xudn Thuy, Cdu Gidy, Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract: This report presents the findings about the obstacles for disabled children in respect of their ability to go to school and their ability to leam effectively at school in Vietnam The obstacles that hinder disabled children to go to school include their parents' limited awareness, financial difficulties and a lack of support and propaganda from the local authorities Especially in some eases, disabled children are denied by schools for different reasons The percentage of disabled children who progress to high school is very low The obstacles that hinder disabled children's leaming quality are caused by the following factors: • The type and level of disability has not been properiy assessed and understood • The strengths and needs of disabled children have not been identified so that a relevant education program can be developed • Teachers are adopting the same teaching method for under-achieved students because they not know the relevant method for each type of disability • There is also a lack of teaching equipment, tools and the right infrastmcture required for disabled students N.T Bmh I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghien ciiu Gido due Tap 29, So (2013) 64-/1 • The social psychological environment is yet to be friendly towards die disabled children The coordination between school and families is still loose, thus limiting effectiveness in education On the basis of these findings, a number of solutions have been proposed to relevant educational management authorities as well as the direction of applying Information Technology so that the obstacles to the education quality for disabled children can be minimized KeyH'ords: Children with disability, obstacles that hinder disabled children going to school; obstacles to the education quality for disabled children ... of Disabled Children in Vietnam Nguyen Thanh Binh The Inslilulefor Educational Rearch - Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xudn Thuy, Cdu Gidy, Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract: This report presents... tinh xich tay phue vu chii yeu cho GV thuc hien eac tilt thao giing theo yeu c i u tii d i n tiit nam hpc, nhung cd trudng chuyen bi?t lgi chua co GV it sii dung CNTT day hgc vi thilu phin mem day... thuong, tu ty, mac cam de hda nhap tdt hon D i l u n i y din din tinh trgng la BGH v i GV khong nam duac nhiing gi ma mdt so HSKT dang phai chiu dyng Mac dii mpt s6 trudng da quan tam to chiic