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su* DUNG PHIEU HOC TAP KET HOP V6l DAY HOC NHOM KHI Tli N HANH CAC BAI ON TAP, SO K E T , TONG KET TRONG DAY HOC LICH StJ* Of TRU''''OfNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TRAN THI HAI LE Truong Dgi hgc Supham Dgi hgc[.]
su* DUNG PHIEU HOC TAP KET HOP V l DAY HOC NHOM KHI Tli:N HANH CAC BAI ON TAP, SO K E T , TONG KET TRONG DAY HOC LICH StJ* Of TRU'OfNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TRAN THI HAI LE Truong Dgi hgc Supham - Dgi hgc Hue Tom tat: Cac bai on tap, so kit, tong kit chuong trinh lich sir d trudng Trung hoc thong (THPT) cd vai tro dac biet quan trpng Day la loai bai nham ciing co, he thong hda nhimg kien thiic co ban cua mpt giai doan Ijch sir nhat dinh cho hoc sinh (HS) Tuy nhien, thuc tl, loai bai dudng nhu kh6ng dugc giao vien (GV) quan tam dly du, thudng day chieu le, qua loa Vi vay, HS cung cam thay khong hiing thii vdi cac tiet hpc Bai bao de xuat mot phuong phap day cac bai on tap, so ket, tong ket la sir dung phieu hoc tap (PHT) ket hgp vdi day hpc nhom de phat trien tu doc lap, sang tao, ky nang thuc hanh cho HS, cung nhu tao hirng thii cho cac era hoc lich su Tir khoa: Phieu hoc tiip; Day hpc nhom; Bai on tap, so ket, tong ket; Day hpc lich su; Tnrdng Trung hpc thong; Chuang trinh Chuan, MOT SO KHAI NIEM 1.1 Phieu hgc tap 1.1.1 Khdi niem Cuon Tu dien Tieng Viet ciia Vien Ngdn ngir hpc, tac gia Hoang Pha chu bien da dua ba each hieu vl tir "phiau" nhu sau: "Phieu la td giay rdi cd ca nhat djnh, ghi chep nhiing ngi dung nhat dinh, nhlm de phan loai, sap xap theo mot he thdng nao do: phieu thu vien, phieu dieu tra xa hdi hpc , ghi phieu de tien dieu tra, nghien cuu; Phieu la td giay ghi nhan mot quyan loi nao dd cho ngudi sir dung: phieu ghi tiln ; Phieu la mpt td giay bilu hien y kien cugc bau cu hoac bieu quyet timg ca nhan true tiap bd vao hdm phieu: phieu bau cu, kiem phieu, phieu thuan " [4, tr 176] Tbeo Dang Thanh Hung: "PHT la mot nhimg phirong tien dgy hgc cu the, don gian vd CO kha nang tuong thich rdi cao v&i tuyet dgi da so ngir&i hgc ihugc moi lua tuoi vd tinh I'wr hoc tap Do la van ban bang ^dy hoac dgng giay giao vien tu lam, gom mot hoac mot so t&, co vai tro hgc lieu de bo sung cho sdch vd cho tdi lieu giao khoa quy dinh, CO chuc ndng ho tra hgc tap vd gidng dgy, ma tru&c het nhu mot nguon thong tin hgc idp"[Z\\x\2\ Tu nhirag nhan dinh tren, chung ta cd tha hieu PHT Id t& giay rai ghi chep nhimg nhiem vu hgc tap, nhung thong tin bo sung cho bdi hgc, kem theo nhirng goi y, huong ddn, yeu cdu HS tu luc hoan hoac dir&i su hu&ng dan cua GV Tap chi Khoa hpc va Giao dye, Tnitmg Dai hoc Su pham Hue ISSN 1859-1612 S6 01(29)/2014: tr 55-62 TR.\N THI HAi LE Ndi dung cua PHT duoc thi hian bang nhieu dang ngdn ngii khac nhau: chu viet, so hoac bilu tuong logic nhu: ham sd, bieu thuc, phuong trinh, bang va ma tran, so do, bilu mlu thdng ka, d6 hpa, tranh vg, anh va cac loai ky hieu, bieu hrgng khac 1.1.2 Phan loai Can cu vao tiau chi phan loai khac nhau, co cac dang PHT khac nhau: * Dua vao chirc ndng cua PHT: Philu cung cip didng tin va su kien; phieu la cdng cu hoat ddng va giao tiep * Dua vao muc dich su dung PHT: Philu dimg Uong kilm tra bai cu; philu dimg giang bai mdi; philu dimg cung c6 bai; philu diing dl ra^bai ve nha; phieu dimg dl kilm tra, danh gia; phieu dimg dl HS tu hoc; philu hgc tap dl ren luyen ky nang thuc hanh cho HS * Dua vao hinh thuc cua PHT: Philu dang cau hoi; phiau dang so dd; philu dang test * Phdn loai theo muc tu duy: Philu tai hien kiln thuc; philu s^p xep he thdng boa; phieu la bai tap nhan thuc * Can cu vao ngi dung- philu yau cau HS lam bai tap; phieu yeu cau HS giai quyet tinh huong; phieu yau cau HS thuc hanh, ren luyen cac ky nang * Cdn cu vao mire ddy dii cua noi dung: phieu chua cd ndi dung; philu co ndi dung chua day dii; phieu co npi dimg day du 1.2 Day hoc nhom 1.2.1 Khdi niem "Dgy hgc nhom la mot hinh thirc hgc tap co suphdn chia hgc sinh theo timg nhom nho voi day du phdn khdc ve trinh do, ciing trao doi mot y tu&ng, mot nguon kien thuc dua tren co so hoat dgng tich cue cua timg cd nhdn Tung vien ciia nhom khong chi co trach nhiem v&i viec hgc tap cua minh md co trach nhiem quan tam den viec hgc tap cua cac ban khdc nhom." [2, tr 45] 1.2.2 Cac hinh thirc dgy hgc theo nhom *Nh6m hai hoc sinh (Nliom fi rdm): Day la hmh thuc HS trao ddi vdi ban ng6i ke ben de trao doi va thdng nhat tra Idi mpt cau hdi * Nhom nho thong thu&ng (theo day ban hoac td): GV chia Idp bgc cac nhdm nho - hoac - ngudi theo timg day ban, timg td * Nhom kim tu thap: Bay la hinh thuc md rpng cua nhdm HS, la each dl tdng hgp y kien cua ca Idp hpe ve tnpt via dl cua bai hgc DSu tian GV neu v5n dl cho HS lam viec dpc lap, sau HS ngli cung se thao luan, trao dii y kiln vdi Tilp theo cac cap HS se tap hgp nhdm HS, rli dianh nhdm HS, 16 HS Cudi cimg ca Idp sa co mpt ban tong ket cac >' kien hoac mpt giai phap tit nh^t dl giai quylt vin de hgc tap SL" DUNG PHIEU HQC TAP KET HOP VO) D.AY HOC NHOM * Nhom dong tam (Nhom bi cd): GV chia lap hai nhdm: nhdm thao luan, nhdm quan sat va sau dd hoan ddi vi tri cho Nhdm thao luan thudng la nhdm -10 HS cd nhiem vu thao luan va trinh bay van de dugc giao, cac vien cdn lai lap ddng vai trd ngudi quan sat va phan bien * Nhom chuyen gia (Nhom chuyen sau): GV chia lop nhieu nhdm, mdi nhdm ggi la nhdm gdc Nhdm gdc gdm cac HS cd trach nhiem cimg tim hiau nhihig thdng tin day du, dd mdi HS tim hieu mot phan ciia cac thdng tin Sau dd lap nhdm chuyen gia Nhdm chuyan gia tap hgp nhirag HS d nhiing nhdm gdc khac cd ciing nhiam vu Nhu vay, mot HS se nhan nhiem vu tir nhdm gdc, cung lam viec va trao ddi ky d nhdm chuyan gia Sau dd, lai trd vl nhdm gdc da trmh bay ket qua ve cac thdng tin minh da thu thap dugc * Nhom tra trgn: Tat ca HS lap phai dung day va di chuyen lop hge dl thu thap thdng tin tir cac vien khac s i r DUNG PHT KET HOP V l DAY HOC NHOM KHI TIEN HANH CAC BAI ON TAP, s o KET, TONG KET TRONG DAY HOC LICH SU" TRyciNG THPT 2.1 Cau true cac bai on tap, so ket, tdng ket chinmg triinh lich sir if tnrdng THPT Chuong trinh lich sir d trudng THPT bao gdm bai on tap, sa ket, tdng ket: - Ldp 10 CO bai: On tap lich su the gidi thdi nguyen thuy, co dai va trung dai; So kat lich sii Viet Nam tir ngudn gde den giira the ky XIX: Qua trinh dung nude va giir nude; Truyan thong yeu nude cua cua dan tpc Viet Nam thdi phong kien - Ldp 11 cd bai: On tap lich su the gidi can dai; On tap Ijch sir thi gidi hien dai (Phin tir nam 1917 den nam 1945); So kit Ijch su Viet Nam (1858 -1918) - Ldp 12 CO bai: Tdng kat lich su tha gidi hien dai tir nam 1945 den nam 2000; Tong kit lich sir Viet Nam tir nam 1919-2000 2.2 Quy trinh sir dung Su dung PHT ket hgp vdi day hgc nhdm de day cac bai dn tap, so ket, tdng ket day hgc lich su d trudng THPT dugc tien hanh theo cac budc sau: Bud'c 1: GV lam viec chung toan Idp Neu van de, xac dinh muc tieu can dat dugc; GV phan chia nhdm, phat PHT, yau cau nhiem vu cu tha cbo timg nhdm va quy dinh thdi gian hoan philu Budc 2: Hoat dong nhom Nhdm trudng phan cdng nhiem vu va dieu khian HD ciia nhdm; Timg ca nhan thuc hien nhiem vu dugc phan cdng; Cac vien nhdm trao ddi y kien, thao luan nhdm; GV theo ddi, hudng dan, giiip dd HS liic gap kbd khSn de hoan PHT TRAN THI HAI LE Biroc 3: Thao luan, t6ng kit tnroc toan lop ^ v 1' , ^ Mn can IcStauaGV dieu khiSn hoat dgng thao luan cua ca lap, nhan x i r S ° l f " < ^ t a " S t i X a , cung, hoan chinh ^in ±itc u n bang hoac bl„g phuang tien day hoc khac da chuan bi san 2.3 Bien phap sii- dung 2.3.1 Su dung PHT kit hop vii day hoe nhom di he thdng hoa kien thirc Bai on tap,'sa kit, t6ng kit la loai bai dugc s* dung kbi hoan viec nghien ^ mot giai doan mot Uiai ky, mot khoa trinh hay cac van de lich su ctia chuong mnh Nhi?m vu cu thi ciia no nuoc hit la cung c6 kien thuc (ghi nha va hieu dja danh, t p nguoi, nien dai, eac qua ninh ciia mot su kien Ijch sir quan trong) Viv^y, ngi dung, can true va phucmg phap tiin hanh loai bai oay khac vai bai nghien cuu kien thuc mai O day, GV khong trinh bay kiin diiic moi ma hudmg din HS nhd lai nhiing dieu da hgc, uon nin nhirng hiiu hiit sai, bd sung, khai quat hoa, nit nhimg ket luan de nhan thuc sau sac, toan dien hon Vidu: Khi On tap Uch sir thi gi&i Men dgi (Phdn tie nam 1917 din nam 1945) (SGK Ljch'sir 11), dl giup HS he thong boa dugc nhung kian thirc co ban cua giai doan Ijch sii' nay, Gv'chia HS thanh'4 nhom va su dung cac mlu PHT de dat nhiem vu cu the cho timg nhdm Thdi gian hoan PHT la phiit Nhdm 1: Thong ka nhimg su kien lich sir co ban vl nude Nga va cdng cupc xay dung chii nghla xa hpi d Lien Xd giai doan 1917 -1945 Nhdm 2: Thing ke nhung su kien lich su co ban vl cac nude tu ban chu nghia hong giai doan 1917-1945 Nhom 3: Thong ka nhiing su kien Hch su ca ban dien d cac nude cbau A giai doan 1917-1945 Nhom 4: Thing ke nhiing npi dung co ban eiia Chiln ft-anh thi gidi thu hai (1939 1945) PHIEU HOC TAP Nh6m 1: Thong ke nhirng su kien lich sir cof ban vl nude Nga yk cong cu§c xay d\rng chii ighTa xg hpi q Lien Xd giai doan 1917- 1945 Ket qua, y oghJa Thoi gian | Su kien Dien bien chinh NUOC NGA - LIEN XO Lat dl che dp Nga hoang Cach mang - Tong bai cong chinh tri d - chinh quyin song song ton dan chii tu Pe-lo-ro-grat; - Khdi nghla vii trang; tgi - Nga hoang bj lat - Cach m?ng dan chii tu san kieu mdi _^ SLTDUNG PHlEUiHQCiTAP KET HOP VOI DAY HOC NHOM 59 bifM dai 11945-2000) H^:,i6n.OCKN - 'c -,en manh me PHIEU HOC TAP Nhom 4: Thone ke nhuns noi dune ca ban ciia Chien tranh the gidi thir hai (1939 1945) ^,^^^ ^^^^ ,^^.j Thai gian | Su kiln | Dien bien chinh | Ket qua, -^ nghia CHIEN TRANH THE Gldl THU' HAI Trong qua trinh HS lam viec, GV quan sat, hudng din, theo ddi qua trinh hoan ngi dung PHT ciia cac nhdm Sau do, GV gpi hoac cho HS cu dai dien nhdm trinh bay ket qua, HS khac nhan xet, bd sung Cuoi ciing, GV dua nien biau tdng hgp da chuan bi san de HS ddi chieu va ghi chep kien thuc vao vd Hoac Tong kit lich sit thi gi&i hien dgi (Phdn tu nam 1945 din nam 2000) (SGK Lich su 12), GV cd the chia ldp cac nhdm theo day ban hoac td va su dung mau PHT da thilt kl sSn mot so tu de cac em he thdng hda nhung npi dimg co ban ciia Ijch su thi gidi hien dai (1945 - 2000) Thai gian hoan PHT la 10 phut PHIEU HOC T ^ Hoan nhirng noi dung co* ban ciia lich su the gidi hien dai (1945 - 2000) ^ Bai dn tap, so kit, tdng kit thudng he tiidng hda kien thuc lich su ciia ca mot giai doan, mot didi ky, mot khda trinh hay cac van de lich sii ciia chuang trinh Chinh vi vay, de tiet kiem thdi gian, GV nen chia nhdm, giao nhiem vu va phat PHT tir tiet trudc da HS chuan bi d nha Len ldp, HS ehi trinh bay, GV nhan xet va chot lai kien thu-c cho cac em 2.3.2 Su dung PHT di to chiec thao luan nhom Ben canh nhiem vu cung cd, he thdng hda kian thirc, doi vdi cac bai dn tap, so ket, tdng kit, GV phai hudng din hgc sinh phan tich ban chSt eac moi quan he, giai thich sau hon nhirng khai niem phirc tap da dugc hinh nh^m nang cao trinh ly thuyet hieu cac hieo tugng cua ddi sdng xa hgi To chirc day hgc loai bai la dieu kien quan trgng nang cao chat lugng kien thuc ciia hgc sinh, hinh cho cac em nhiing hieu TR.4N THI HAI LE hiit khoa hoc vi lich su X a tinh quy luat cua su phat hiin xa hgi, bSi duong va ren luyen cac ky nang dugc quy djnh uong chuoog trinh Ijch su a truong thong Vi du: Khi day S