NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI ^4 ''''If VI y i / A N S CAO NANG LlfC DOI NGD GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE 1 Giao v i l n day nghe 1 7 Ode diem gido vien day nghe Theo Lul t day nghe (2006) va Lul t g i lo due sQa doi (2009)[.]
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO D O I ^4.'If VI yi/ANS CAO NANG LlfC DOI NGD GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE TS Phan Chinh ThQc Chuyen gia dao tgo nghe Giao v i l n day nghe 1.7 Ode diem gido vien day nghe Theo L u l t day nghe (2006) va L u l t g i l o due sQa doi (2009) ngudi day c l c co sd day nghe bao gom: Gilng v i l n day n g h i , giao vien day n g h i (gpi ' ehung I I g i l o vien day nghe - GVDN) Tai dieu 15 eua Luat giao due khang djnh vai trd t r l c h nhiem cua nha giao: " N h l giao giQ vai trd q u y i t djnh viec bao d i m chat iQpng giao duc" Thien chQc cOa ngudi GVDN la Day chQ- Day ngQdi - Day nghe Dd cung I I net dac thu cua ngudi GVDN N h l Gilo dye hpc ngudi Nga X.I Batusep v i l t : "Gilo due hpc va giao due hpc nghe nghiep cd net khac b i l t Day thpc hanh cac trQdng day n g h i 11 mpt dac diem, chinh viec day thuc h l n h la mpt bp p h l n quan trpng nhat eua giao due hpc n g h i nghiep" Nhu vay ve co ban day n g h i chfnh la day thpc hanh nghe, day tai co sd san xuat, d d la yeu cau cd tfnh bat bupc dao tao va boi dudng GVDN Hoat ddng cua GVDN rat da dang v l phUe tap, bao gdm npi dung co ban sau: - Hoat d6ng giang day: D l y la hoat dpng chO ylu, CO b i n eua ngPdi GVDN, hoat dpng bao gom g i l n g day ly t h u y l t , thpc hanh, tich hpp ly thuyet - thuc hanh Hoat dpng day dl§n d nhieu mdl trudng khac (trong n h l trudng va n g o l i nha trudng), Cac hoat dpng g i l n g day ly thuyet g i n l i l n vdl qua trinh thpc tap tai xUdng trudng, tai doanh nghiep - Hoat ddng nghien cQu, trien khai ky t h u l t cdng nghe vao giang day va thpe tien s i n xuat Hoat dpng n g h i l n cQu cua GVDN khdng chi d o n thuan phdng ldp hpe, xQdng thpc h l n h ma cdn m d rpng lien ket vdi cac ca sd s i n xuat, g i l n g day k i t hap vdl lao ddng s i n x u l t - Hoat ddng t p boi dudng: Be dap Ung nhu cau cang cao cua x l hdl, GVDN p h l i thpdng [4] K H o A HOC D A Y x u y i n t p hpc tap, trao ddi n h l m nang cao nang Ipe chuyen mdn v l n l n g lpc su pham - Hoat dpng g i l o due hpc sinh, sinh v i l n {HS SV): La ngQdi to chQc thpc hien q u i trinh ITnh hpi tri thdc, ky nang cho hpc sinh, sinh vien - Hoat dpng xa hpi: Phai ludn ren luyen bin t h i n m6i quan he xa hpi, v l y e i n phli cd y thQc xa h6i; Von kien thQc va kinh nghiem san xul't cung 11 n h i n to quan trpng qua trinh n l n g cao chat iQpng v l hieu qua hoat dpng n g h i n g h i l p cQa ngUdi GVDN 1.2 Nghe dgy hpc - dgy nghe Cung nhu tat ca cac nghe xa hdl, day nghe la mpt nghe Dao tao va sQ dung lao dpng nghe day hpc cung p h l i t u i n thu nhQng qui trinh cP ban chung eho tat c l c l c nghe moi quan he qua lai cua khu vpc lao ddng v l khu vpc d l o tao d gdc dp cua lao dpng, ben sQ dung dUa c l c tieu chuan (kT n l n g , nang lpc) n g h i nghiep tren cd sd p h l n tfch boat ddng nghe Tieu chuan I I n l n t i n g cho xQ li c l c quan he lao ddng, dong thdl l l m c i n cQ cho boat dpng to chQe triln khai d l o tao, thi v l cap van bang, chQng chf Muon xac dinh dUpc mue tieu dao tao GVDN thi dieu quan nhat la can hinh dung dupe nhQng ddi hdl cua thQc tien d l o tao n g h i dol vdi ngQdi GVDN TQ nhQng ddi hdi cua thpc tien hlnh npi dung kien thQe, ky nang va thai dp ngudi GVDN can co de cd the l l m tot cac hoat ddng thpc tien Can cQ thpc tien la tieu chuan, 11 dieu kien quan trpng de xac djnh mue t i l u d l o tao, boi dudng GVDN Thpc tien d d l y chinh la hoat dong nghe nghiep, hoat ddng day hpc eua ngUdI GVDN dupc the h i l n qua viec p h l n tfch nghe GVDN Co n h i l u elch d l phan tfch mpt n g h i Moi each phan tich nghe khac dua mot s i n pham cd mQc dp k h l c B l hieu rd cdng viec day n g h i , cin thuc h i l n phan tfch n g h i dua tren vj trf cdng tac, vi vay p h l i djnh vj rd: NGHE So 14 thang 11 /2014 NGHIEN Cliu - TRAO DOI - Cap trinh dp dao tao: Day trinh dp sd cap nghe, day trinh dp trung cap nghe, hay day trinh d6 cao dang nghe ' - Day ly thuyet, day thpc hanh, day tich hpp ly t h u y l t va thpe h l n h Ap dung p h l n tfch nghe DACUM de t i l n h l n h p h l n tfch chi t i l t cac nhiem vu, cdng viec cua nghe GVDN K i t q u i phan tieh n g h i GVDN la CO sd x l c djnh nhiem vu, cdng viec cua ngUdi GVDN (xem vidu tai bang V Nang lpc cua giao vien day nghe 2.1 Ndng IUc Co n h i l u each bleu ve n l n g lpc, la: - N l n g luc ngUdI la san pham cua sp phat trien xa hpi."Sp hinh n l n g Ipc ddi hdi ea the phai n l m dupe c l c hlnh thUc hoat ddng ma Ioal ngUdI da tao qua trinh p h l t trien Ijch sQ xa hpi Vi vly, n l n g Ipe ngudi khdng nhUng hoat ddng cua bd nao quyet djnh m l trude h i t trinh dp phat trien Ijch sQ ma loai ngudi dat dUpe" B I n g 1: Phan tich nghe day hpc cua GVDN TT Nhiem vu ^ ^^S^^^^r I'S^ A01 Chuan bl thiet k l b l i hoc Cong viec A02.Thietklbaihoc A Chuan bj day hpe A03 Chuan bi trinh ehieu dien tQ A04 Chuan bl dung, phuang tien day hpc AOS Chuan bi thiet bj, nguyen vat lieu BOI On djnh ldp, kiem tra an toan B02 Mddau bai hoc B03 Gidi thieu mue tieu bai hoc 10 n B04.T6 chQc hoat ddng hpc tap B.Thuc hien day hoc BOS Kilm tra nhan thQc cua ngudi hoc B07.Thao tac mau (trinh d i l n ky nang) 13 BOB.TochUc nhdm luyen tap 14 B09 HUdng dan luyin tap 15 Bl Danh gia, k i t thue luyen tap 16 COI Soan c l u hdi, b l i tap kiem tra C02 Soan clu hdi trie nghiem khach quan 17 C Kilm tra, danh gia - N l n g lpc la "Khi nang, dieu kien chu quan h o l c t p nhien s i n cd de thpe hien mpt hoat ddng nao d d " h o l e 11 "Pham chat tam ly va sinh ly tao cho ngudi cd kha nang hoan mot hoat ddng nao dd vdl c h i t lupng cao" 306 Tieu k i t 12 18 - Nang Ipc la "Tong hpp cac thupc tfnh dpc d l o eua nhan each phu hpp vdi yeu cau cQa mot hoat dpng n h l t djnh, d i m bao cho boat dpng d d dat k i t qua" C03 Danh gia trac nghiem, t u luan 19 C04 Danh gia bai kiem tra thpe hanh 20 COS Xep loai hpe vien TQphIn tfch n g h i DACUM cd t h i thay rat n h i l u nhiem vu va cong viec lien quan d i n boi dudng nang cao nang luc chung, cac nang lpc c h u y i n biet cho GVDN, nham giup hp trang bj kien thQc, ky nang, kinh nghiem de thpc hien tdt nhiem vu v l edng v i l e cua minh, khdng ngQng nang cao hieu q u i v l c h i t iQong dao tao nghe, dong thdi phat trien n g h i nghiep tUdng lai - Nang lpc I I "Tap hpp cac tinh chat hay pham chat tam ly ca n h i n , ddng val trd la d l l u k i l n ben trong, tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho v i l e thpc hien tot mdt dang hoat ddng nhat dinh NgudI cd nang lpc la ngUdi dat hieu s u i t va chat lupng hoat dpng eao cac hoan canh khach quan v l ehu quan nhunhau" B i l m chung cac k h l i niem tren I I : Nang luc la kha nang hoan n h i l m vu dat ra, gan vdi mdt Ioal boat dpng cu the nao Nang lpc la mpt y l u to cua n h i n each nen mang dau an ca nhan, the hien tinh chu quan h l n h ddng va dupe hinh theo quy luat hlnh t h i n h v l p h l t trien n h i n each, g i l o due, hoat dong va giao t i l p cd val trd quyet dinh So 14 t h a n g 11 /2D14 K H o A H O C D A Y N G H E [5] NGHIEN CLJU - TRAO DOI Mat khae, ve b i n chat, n l n g lpc dQpc tao n l n bdl ele to: Kien thQc, ky n l n g , ky x l o , cac y l u to n l y khdng ton tai rieng le ma chung hda quyen, dan xen v i o Nang lpc cd dQpc CO b i n nhd vao sp ben bl, kien tri hpc tap, ren luyen va tich luy kinh nghiem cua ban t h i n boat ddng thpc tien Tuy nhien c l c y l u td q u i n ly (td chQe q u i trinh dao tao, boi dQdng, chfnh sleh tao mdi trudng va dieu kiln ) cd t i c ddng tfch cpc v i o nang cao nang lpc cQa GVDN 2.2 Thdnh to cua ndng lUc mo hinh nhdn cdch, cdu true ndng lUc vd chudn gido vien dgy nghe 2.2.1 Thdnh tocua ndng luc mo h'inh nhdn cdch gido vien dgy nghe Md hinh nhan each 11 bQc tranh k h l i q u i t ve clc thupc tinh tam ly m l ngQdi GVDN can p h l i cd de cd the d i m nhiem dQpc cac hoat ddng nghe nghiep (nhiem vu va cdng vile) Ngudi GVDN cung mpt luc dong thdi the hien n h i l u val trd, t r l c h n h i l m khac xa hdi Hien cd nhieu quan diem ve md hinh n h i n elch ngudi GVDN Theo quan d i l m g i l o due hpc, n h i n each GVDN bao gom to ca ban II Pham chat v l Nang lpc (Sado 1) Nang Ipe tiep can cdng nghe mdi san xuat II to cua n l n g lpc cau true nhan elch cua GVDN Sa 1: M6 hinh nhan each GVDN 2.2.3 Thdnh td cOa ndng luc chudn gido vien dgy nghe Chuan n g h i eua GVDN bao gom tieu chf vdl 16 tieu chuan cu t h i (ban hanh theo thdng tUso 30/2010/TT-BLBTBXH n g l y 29/9/2010 ve Quy dinh Chuan giao vien, g i l n g vien day nghe) (Sad63) Cac yeu t o tac d o n g den nang cao n l n g life giao vien day nghe 3.1 Qud trinh ddo tgo, boi dUdng Hien dpi ngu GVDN dupc hlnh t h i n h tU nhieu nguon khlc fStfde'4J, thpc trang trln se cdn keo d l i mdt t h d gian nUa VI vly tQ c l c ngudn hinh khac can lua ehpn c i c h thQc, npi dung dao tao b6i dudng nlng cao nang Ipc cho GVDN phu hpp 3.1 Qud trinh ddo tgo - Chuong tnnh d l o tao: Chuang trinh dlo tao c h u y i n mdn dupe t h i l t ke phu hdp vdl clc mo hinh d l o tao GVDN Khi thiet ke, tham djnh chuong trinh dao tao GVDN can huy ddng sptham gia cua doanh nghiep Trong co che thj trudng thi uy tfn va chat iPpng la hai ^ e u kien de tdn tai va phat trien eua nha trUdng Muon l l m dUpc dllu ddi ngu GVDN p h l i thudng xuyen t i l p can vdl thpc te s i n xuat, dQa dUpc ndi dung ve ky thuat, cdng nghe v i o chUdng trinh dao tao ChUdng trinh dao tao la n h i n td quan trpng de dam b l o chat iQpng dao tao GVDN, xly dQng chuong trinh can quan tam mdt so each t i l p can sau: +Tiep can npi dung (content approach); +Tlep can theo muctieu (the objective approach; +Tiepcan p h a t t r i l n (developmentapproach); +Tiep can nang lpc thpc hien (Competency Base Training - CBT^ 2.2.2 Thanh to cdu true ndng luc gido vien dgy nghe Nang Ipc cOa GVDN (Sado 2) bao gom cac to: Moi elch tiep can xay dpng chUdng trinh deu cd Uu v l nhupe khac nhau, n h i l n dao tao nghe hien xu hudng bien la xly dpng chuong trinh dao tao theo tiep c i n nang lUc thpc h i l n - N l n g luc chuyen mdn; 3.1.2 Qud trinh boi dudng va tU boi dudng -Nang luc sQ pham; -Nang iQcxa hpi - Boi dudng: Boi dUdng la qua trinh cap nhat, bo sung k i l n thQc, ky n l n g , thai dp de n l n g cao [6] KHoA HOC D A Y NGHE SO 14 thang 11 /2014 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI Sado 2: Cau true nang lpc ngUdiGVDN So 3: He thong tieu chi cua chuan GVDN Tieu chi 1: Pham chat chinh trj, dao dQc nghe nghiep, ldi sdng (3 tieu ehuan) Tieu chi 2: N l n g lpc chuyin mdn (2 tieu chuan) Tieu chl 3: Nang lpc sU pham day nghe (9 tieu chuan) Tieu c h i : N l n g lpc p h l t trien n g h i nghiep, nghien cQu khoa hpc (2 tieu chuan) Sa 4: Cac nguon hinh dpi ngu GVDN CON D l / d N G TRd THANH GVDN Tot nghiep dai hpc chuyen nglnh ChQng ehi sU pham nghe ChQng chf ky nang nghe Gilo vien day nghe Tdt nghi&pTHPT Dai hpc sU pham ky thuat Gilo vien day n g h i KysUtU doanh nghiip ChQng ehi sU pham nghe Giao vien daynghi Tdt nghiep eao dang nghe ChUng chi sU pham Hoc dai hoc Giao vien day n g h i Cdng nhan lanh nghe, nghenhin ChUng ehi sU pham nghe Gilo vien thUe hanh So 14 thang 11 /2014 KHoA HOC D A Y NGHE [7] NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI Chfnh sach dUpc clc eo quan q u i n ly nha nUdcsoan thao, ban hanh tren casd cac dQ lieu dau vao cua nhUng ngUdI thUc thi chfnh sich Cdc tiiu chi cua chinh sdch Be cac chinh sleh cd kha nlng tic ddng tfch cpc v i o cac hoat ddng nang cao nang lpc cua GVDN can c i n cQ vao c l c tieu chi cu the sau day: + Su rd r i n g : L l cle ehinh sach eu the, dpa vao thpc tien va cd the thpe hien dPpc Dinh hudng nhQng viec p h l i lam de h o l n t h i n h sQ mang eua to chQe, nhOng mue tieu ed the dat dUdc va phuang phap phai ludng dUpc mQc dp t h i n h cdng hay that bai; Ngiidn tcdn.govvn nang lpc, trinh pham chat cua ngudi lao ddng ve mpt linh vpc hoat ddng m l ngUdI lao ddng da ed mdt trinh dp nang lpc chuyen mdn nhat dinh, qua mdt hinh thUc dao tao trudc dd Mat khac bdi dudng edn ed y nghTa nham nang eao nghe nghiep, lam eho trinh dp chuyen mdn trd len tdt hdn, gidl hdn Cung cd y kien eho rang bdl dUdng GVDN la q u i trinh dao tao bo sung nang cao v l hoan thien nang lpc chuyen mdn v l sU pham nghe cho GVDN - Tp bdl dudng: La hoat dpng ma chu y l u ban than GVDN thUe hien Nd cd y nghTa rat quan trpng, vi c h o d u ngUdI GVDN dUde dao tao cd b i n nhu t h i nao cung van cdn nhieu dieu p h l i bo sung, hoan chinh qua qua trinh hoat dpng nghe nghiep thdng qua t p hoc, tP bdi dudng Nhat 11 giai doan hien sp thay doi nhanh chdng cua khoa hpc - ky thuat - edng nghe, dac biet la edng nghe thdng tin Bdi v l y moi ngUdI GVDN can col trpng viec t u hpc, t p bdi dudng, t p hoan thien minh, Tp boi dudng cd lien quan den hoe sudt ddl la hinh thQc t p hpc chu ddng cd hieu qua 3.2 cache chinh sdch Chinh sach la ban hudng dan ddl vdl h l n h ddng p h l i thi hanh thay can thiet Vdl nhQng each hieuehinh sach neu tren, viec phan tieh, danh gia va xay dQng chinh sach tao ddng iQc, khuyen khfch GVDN nang cao nang iQc q u i trinh doi mdi day n g h i + Su nhat quan: Su nha't q u i n eua eae ehinh sach se bo sung cho va cung mang tlnh hudng dich, thieu nhat q u i n giQa clc chinh sleh la nguyen nhan dan den hieu q u i kem; -I- Sp bao q u i t : Bao quat cd nghTa la cae chinh sleh dd se cd fch cho n h i l u ngQdi, cho mpi bp phan va d moi cap cua t o l n bd he thdng v l cua t o chUc; + SU ung hd: Cac chinh sleh dUpc ung hp phai phu hpp vdi niem tin va mong mudn cua nhQng ngPdl thpc hien, muon v l y p h l i khuyen khfch v l huy dpng nhQng ngudi thpc hien cung tham gia xay dpng chinh sich Khi ban hanh can p h l i thu thap duoc thdng tin ngupc de n l u can thiet cd the sQa doi dieu chinh cho phu hpp, 3.3 Phuang phdp dgy nghe - hoc nghe De n l n g cao nang lUc GVDN can tap trung v i o dol mdi phuong phap, chuyen mdt each thue chat each tiep can tQ phQdng phap day hpc glao vien lam trung t i m sang phQong phap day hpc lay hpc sinh lam trung tam (SadoS) Chien iQpc phat trien day n g h i thdi ky 2011 2020 de mue tieu phat trien: D i n n l m 2020, so giao v i l n , giang vien day n g h i cac bae khoing 77 nghin ngPdl, do, g i l o v i l n , g i l n g v i l n cao dang n g h i 11 28 nghln ngUdi; Gilo v i l n trung cap nghe k h o i n g 31 nghln ngUdi; Gilo vien sd cap nghe k h o i n g 28 nghin ngPdl [8]KH0AH0CDAYNGHES6l4thang 11/2014 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI Sado 5: Phuang phap day - hpc nghe | Tiep can hpc sinh lam trung tam Tiep can djnh hudng hlnh dpng 1 , „^ * 1 • , •o Tl - T- - !•• Ti n •• 1 1 Tiep can giao vien lam trung t i m Hop 1: Gidi phdp Phdt trien dpi ngu nhd gido vd cdn bd qudn ly, ddp Cfng yeu cdu doi mdl gido due vd ddo tgo (Trich Nghi quyet so 29-NQ/TW ngdy 24 thdng llndm 2013 cua Hdl nghi TW khda XI ve Dol m&i cdn bdn, todn dien gido due vd ddo tgo.} - X l y dQng quy hoach, ke hoach d l o tao, bdl dQdng ddl ngu n h l g i l o v l can bp quan ly giao due gan vdi nhu cau p h a t t r i l n kinh t e - x a hdi Chuan hda nha giao theo tQng cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao - Phlt trien he thdng trudng su pham dap Qng mue tieu, yeu cau d l o tao, bdl dQdng dpi ngu nha g i l o va can bd quan ly; Lfu tien dau tQ x l y dpng mdt so trPdng sU pham, sQ pham ky t h u l t trpng diem; Cd co c h l t u y l n sinh va cQ tuyen rieng vao nganh sQ pham - Doi mdi manh me mue tieu, ndi dung, phuang p h i p d l o tao, dao tao lai, boi dUdng va danh g i l k i t q u i hpc t i p , ren luyen cQa nha giao - Cd che dp Uu dai doi vdi nha g i l o v l c i n b d q u i n ly.Tuyendung, sQdung, dai ngd, tdn vinh nha g i l o va c i n bd q u i n ly Luang cua nha g i l o Pu tien x I p eao n h l t he thdng thang bac iQong hanh chfnh sp nghiep va cd t h l m phu cap theo tfnh chat cdng vile, theo vung - Khuyen khfch nha giao va can bd q u i n ly n l n g cao trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu.Tao dieu k i l n de c h u y i n gia quoc t l v l ngUdI Viet Nam dnUdc n g o l i tham gia g i l n g day v l nghien cQu clc CO sd giao dye, d l o tao nudc -Trien khai cac g i l l phap, md hlnh l i l n thdng, l i l n k i t giOa c l c co sd d l o tao, nhat I I c l c trudng dai hpc vdi cac to chQc khoa hpc va cdng nghe, dac biet la cac v i l n De thpc hien myc tieu tren c i n dol mdl t o l n bd qua trinh dao tao, boi dudng dpi ngu GVDN theo hudng ehuan hda Nhiem vy quan trpng trudc m l t la n l n g cao n l n g ipc cho dpi ngu GVDN hien cd v l chuan bi cac dieu kien hlnh t h i n h ddi ngu GVDN tuang lai nham dap Qng nhu cau nang cao chat lUpng, gdp p h l n tQng bQdc nang cao sQc canh tranh cua n h i n iQc qua dao tao nghe co c h l thj trUdng, hdl nhap khu vpc va qudc te c i n g sau rdng Q So 14 thang 11/2014 K H O A HOC D A Y NGHE [9] ... tao, boi dudng dpi ngu GVDN theo hudng ehuan hda Nhiem vy quan trpng trudc m l t la n l n g cao n l n g ipc cho dpi ngu GVDN hien cd v l chuan bi cac dieu kien hlnh t h i n h ddi ngu GVDN tuang lai... (Sad63) Cac yeu t o tac d o n g den nang cao n l n g life giao vien day nghe 3.1 Qud trinh ddo tgo, boi dUdng Hien dpi ngu GVDN dupc hlnh t h i n h tU nhieu nguon khlc fStfde''4J, thpc trang trln... nghin ngPdl, do, g i l o v i l n , g i l n g v i l n cao dang n g h i 11 28 nghln ngUdi; Gilo v i l n trung cap nghe k h o i n g 31 nghln ngUdi; Gilo vien sd cap nghe k h o i n g 28 nghin ngPdl