U l NGHlgNCOULJUJAN THIEU HUT Kl NANG CUA LAG DfiNG VIET NAM TRONG BOI CANH HOI NHAP KHU VUC VAN D I VA GIAI PHAP PHAMBdNHATTI^N Hoc llfin Qu^ If Giio ilyc Emair pha''''mdiiaBn@botmall com Tdm tdt Bdi to[.]
U l NGHlgNCOULJUJAN THIEU HUT Kl NANG CUA LAG DfiNG VIET NAM TRONG BOI CANH HOI NHAP KHU VUC: VAN D I VA GIAI PHAP PHAMBdNHATTI^N Hoc llfin Qu^ If Giio ilyc Emair: pha'mdiiaBn@botmall.com Tdm tdt: Bdi todn thieu hut kindng cua lao dong d VietNam trd thdnh vdn de bde xuc viee ndng cao ndng /(ft eanh tranh eua ddt nadc, dge biet boi cdnh hoi nhdp sdu khu vae, vdi viec hinh thdnh cdng ddng kinh teASEW vao cudi ndm 2015 Nguyen nhdn trac tiep cua tinh trgng ndy Id cde eos6 ddo tgo cOa Vi^t Nam thieu ndng li/c, thi& ddng lac vd thieu thong tin viec tao nen nhdng gdn ket edn thiet vQi mol tradng xung quanh Nguyen nhdn sdum Id nhdng bdt cdp, yeu kem chinh sdeh phdt tnen nhdn lae cCia Viet Nam Vi vdy, Idi gidi ciia bdi todn vS mdt chfrA sdch Id tdi ca edu tdi chinh cdng, ndng cao trdch nhiem gidi trinh doimdlehuang trinh ddo tao theo hudng tiep edn ndng lgc, tdl CO cdu gido due nghe nghiep vd gido due dai hoe theo hddng cdu Tdkhda: Thieu hut ki ndng; phdt trien nhdn lac; tdl CO cdu gido due; lao dgng Vi&tNam (Nhdn bai ngdy 08/4/2016; Nhdn ket qud phdn bien vd chlnh sda ngdy 29/5/2016; Duy6t dang ngdy 27/9/2016) D i t van de tranh, ASEAN-4 v l Viet Nam d e u xep d nda tren eiia bing Bao cao phat trien Vidt Nam 2014 nhan dinh r i n g , xep hang, d o Malaysia tang bac len vi tri 20, Thil lao dpng Viet Nam hien khdng gap khd khan ve Lan tang bae Idn vj trf , Indonesia tang bac Idn vj trf thieu cau lao ddng Khd khan chlnh eiia ho la thieu hut ki 34, Philippines tang bac len vi t r i 52, Vl^t Nam tang nang, tdc la khong cd kf nang phu hop vdi ydu cau eong bac ldn v i j r l 68 N h u vay, ndu xet ndng t r o n g khdi ASEAN vidc [1] Mdt nghidn cdu mdi day cua Nguyen Hoang Lan (khdng ke B r u n l y k h d n g co m a t t r o n g b i n g xep hang) (2014) eho thay sy thl^u hut ki nang ddl vdi n h i n thi Vidt Nam d d n g t h d vd nang lyc eanh tranh, trfn lue trinh dp dai hoc ciia e l c doanh nghidp Viet Nam Lio, Campuchia v l Myanmar, v l vlec c l i thien ve nlng la dang quan ngai tren eh ba nhdm ki nang, bao g o m Idc canh tranh I I cham chap nhdm ki nang xa hdi va hanh vi, nhdm ki nang nhan thde Oe l l m rd h a n van de nay, c h u n g ta hay nhin vio va nhom ki n l n g ki thuat [2], Trong dd, ti le thieu hut ki n5nn t ^ „Ai ^ > „ • J ,.-,_- , • ^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^V ''^^ ^^ ^^ yeu t o dupc eoi I I bde xdc trnno V " " ^ l ? ' 'H' '^T^ " ^ ^ " ^ ' " " "*' " ' " ' ' ' ^ "^^' ^^°"9 hoat d d n g kinh d o a n h s i n xuat c a tung ung dung kien thuc chuydn n g l n h vao thue td, nude ASEAN 21.64% ve trinh dd ngoai n g a 20,53% ve k h i nang tU Rd r i n g I I t h a m n h u n g , b d m i y quan lidu, ciing logic n h d n g khd khan t r o n g tidp can t l i chfnh I I nhdng v^nd^ Dieu d i n den su han ehe ve nang suat lao dpng (NSLD), Bdng 1: Top ba bde xuc hogt ddng sdn xudt kmh doanh nang luc eanh tranh cua c i c doanh ciia cdc nadc ASEAN nghidp va cua e l nen kinh te Han Bu'cxucthu'nh^t che n i y dang trd t h i n h r i o c i n va Bde xdc thdba cd nguy ca trd diem Nhdng guy dinh han Nang luc canh t i n h?n phat trien Viet Nam che lao ddng e l n g hdl nhap s i u rong vdi the gldi Tham nhung Tdl pham, trdm cig Oieu da trdthanh capthiet ke t d euoi nam 20T5, ciing vdi viec hinh t h i n h cpng ddng kmh te ASEAN la sU ddi ciia m d t thi trUdng lao dong ASEAN Lao ddng Viet Nam bSi cdnh hdl nhap ASEAN Trong b i n g xep hang nang lUc eanh tranh toan cau 2014-2015 gdm 144 nude, Singapore xep t h d toan cau nam hen tiep n h d cae t y u vUcrt bac v l ben vdng tren mol chidu eiia chl sd canh KHOA HOC GIAO DUG Tham nhung Tiep can t&i chfnh Tham nhung Cac quy dinh v4 thirf Tiep can tai chinh Lao ddng khdng diAjK dao tao phd hpp Lao dong khong duac Tiep cSn Xk\ chfnh dao tao phd hpp Cosdhat^ngk^m Tham nhung Bdmayquanli&u (Ngudn: Bdo cdo cgni\ u h todn cdu 2014-201S NGHIEN Cliu L I U I A N Q ndi edm eua phan Idn elc nude ASEAN, Lao Sang ICT Tl^ng Tinh thin Giao G i l i quyet dpng khong du'oe dao Thai tfo KTnang Soc vi^t Anh { lanh dao tiep v^ndl tao p h u hpp cdng la \im vjec k i t h u i t m d t van de duae nhieu Campuchia 0 2 nudc ASEAN quan tam Viet Nam 2 R i o e i n n i y thyc Philippines da du'oe Bao e i o 2 canh tranh toan cau Indonesia 2 2 J n h l c ddn lien tuc t d Thai Lan 4 nhidu nam [3] 1 N g l n h Giao dye eung iVIalaysia 2 1 1 •» da nhin t h i y , nhung IJguon: World Bank 2012 'innk'i ehuyen dpng tren thyc filing ra, xet ve phuong dien cung cap ki nang cho „,, t h u n h u chua co gl dang kt B i ^ u dan den n h i i n g nguon nhSn luc, dSo tao sau t r u n g hoc can phai nhin '•• f,^ ? • " „ ? , ' ' ' ^ " ^ " ' ''^'-*' " ^ ' Nam nhu: bSng kho3ng n h u m o t he t h d n g quan he t u o n g t i c gitta cac CO /2 cua Philippines, 1/3 cUa Thai Lan, 1/6 cUa Malaysia sd dao tao vfli loai c d sd khic, bao gflm: cSc co quan 1/15 cua Singapore [4], tuyen dung (noi scrdung k i n i n g ) , cac doanh nghiep (noi , , , v ?-'" '.''' "?'l "^ ''"'"'' "9*''«P ™ " chua c6 nhan su dung ket q u i nghien cttu khoa hoc (NCKH) c i c vien tliuc day du ve nhang thiich thUc thieu hut kl nano nghien cttu Inoi phoi hop NCKH), c i c CO sd d i o tao k h i c cua ngudi lao ddng boi cSnh hoi n h a p Tren co s« noi phoi hop cung ttng ki nang), cac truflng t h o n g i l y y k i f n cUa c3 gidi chCi va gidi lao ddng tttng quoc (noi dat nen m o n g ve ki n i n g l "Cic ket q u i dau o j a J gia, Ngan hang The gidi [5] dua b i n g tdng hop y kien (B.ng 2) vc viec danh gia mttc thieu hut ki nana trono giao due sau trung hoc IS s i n pha'm cua nhttng tttong t i c f a , " " ' ' " ? "iKSc, la thieu hut khong dang giua cac chu the dfl Chlnh v i l c khong quan tSm den cSc lien ket giOa cac co sddSo tao vdi t h l gidi rflng ifln xung M IS thieu hut da bdt nghiSm trong, IS thie'u hut n g h i t m quanh da dan d i n nhttng k I t q u S d i u yeu kem v i h i l u q u i ngheo n i n " [ ] K trong, c o n - I S khflng CO t h o n g t i n Plilil , , ' Oanh g i i cua ViSt Nam vi thi^u hut ki nang, trono khong CO « kien gl ve sang tao, iCT, t m h than lanh dao va g i i l q u y f t van d l , phSn anh each nhin c i a nhttnq , nguoi hoat dflng m o t nen kmh te dang d giai doan : i c u a tien trlnh phat trien N h u BSo cSo canh tranh toSn Dua v i o each tiep c i n nfli trfln cung c i c ket q u i nghien cdu t u o n g ttng, co the ndi cac co sfl d i o tao Viet Nam da boc lo nam van d l ve stt thieu g i n ket c i n b i n sau day t r o n g p h i then nhSn iuc (PTNL)• Thieu g i n k i t gitta k i t q u i dau cua cac co sfl dSo tao vdl nhttng nhu cau v l ki nang m i c i c n h i t u y l n dung can den • Mdl lien he iflng i l o v l khoa hoc v i cflng nghe gitta c i c CO sd dao tao vdi c i c doanh n g h i e p Mo'i lien he n i y d Viet Nam duqc d i n h g i i thap, chl tren CSmpuchIa ngartg vni Mong Co vS thua xa Philippines, Indonesia,' Ihai Lan, Malaysia, Singapore - S " h • , ' J ° " c " ' ' ' " "'•• • " ' ''"'"'' " ' ' l * l ' Viet Nam d^c b i f t chSm chap viec ap dung cSc cong nghe ,, ti«n ,en, VI the danh ma't cSc loi ich dSng ke ve nSng suSt lao dflng thflng qua chuyen giao cflng nghe Mtt? i L !"• ™ ° ' ' ° ' " ' ' "5*''*P " " > • '"I • : » ' cdng'ti chu yeu hoat dong d day ctta chuoi gia tri-13] BSnh giS so sanh van de thieu hut kl nSng cua Viet Nam boi c i n h hoi nhap ASEAN, Aring (20151 cho biet theo khSo s i t cua Manpower Group thl Viet Nam co dflng d i o iao dflng thuc hien cac nhiem vu d o n g i i n n h u i m ruong hoac dttng day chuyen s i n xua't, nhung thieu lao dong co kTnang ra't nhieu ilnh vuc dfli hfli duoc dSo tao nghe hoac trlnh dfl dai h o c dSc biSt loa, nghe chlnh sau: n g h l nflng, q u i n i | k i t h u i t va lao dong c h i n tay tnnh cao (6) Van de thie'u hut ki nang i i b i l t o i n dai d i n g cua Vi§t Nam v i dang trfl thSnh thach I r m n ™ ^ » « « « Nam hfli nhap khu vuc Theo Anng (2015), dieu nSy cfl lifln quan de'n cha't iuong ye'u • Stt t h i l u g i n ke't gitta giSng day vS nghien cttu, gitta cac CO so giao due dai hoe (GDBH) vdi eSc yien NCKH PhSn Ifln giang vien dai hoc It quan tam de'n NCKH He tt thdl kinh te ke hoaeh hda tap t r u n g cfl stt tach biet gitta e i c t r u d n g dai hoe vfli cSe yien n g h i l n • Stt thie'u gSn k i t gitta e i c Cdsd d i o tao vdl Tlnh trang phan m i n h n i y l i nghiem trong, c i e truSng rSt It egng tac vdi chia s l thdng tin vS nguon lie, cac truong cOng i't n i l m tin vdi dao tao lien thong SSgAsrAN':"'""'"^"''"'"""""'''"""*'-^ , 3,-nmhllunguymnhintCrphiacaccos*d4otao m „ „ i i ^ - ' ^ ' J ' " " ' " " = " " * " I t " M n i n g « c i c nudc ^ ^ K , ? ! ? ' ; ' ' ° " ° " * '''•' " - ="= N g » " > "3 dttdc noi den nhieu, nhung y l co bin v i r S S o """'"' "°"^ "*' '^'''-' ™"= „ ™ " • "" '* - " " "^ ''»"9 com Vd coon THUta.cantUnghudc,dlcdcduhethdngGDNNvd ciulTlT^TcL'tt^'hlfi!:''''^'"'''''" GOBHIheahadngchuyintrongldmtUcungsanacdu Cho d l dim bin Hnh h' ^, ' *•'.lie Ihong dao tao nio dlnna,,cSchethflngnSyphfttrilnchtt'yJ°,LTch'u PO vdi e c ca'u d a " d = r c t t a ' , h , ' r ° " r " i ' " ' rong, tap trung vao cung Qui trinh niy dap ttng mdt Tuy nhiln vft n n h „ ° , „ , ^ ^ ' -"""^ '" " " " yflueSuchttyluiSmdrflngquymd.MSt'tichLeeind rng"5;L%r;'i:hrin'rnr,lirdair:S Stl32-THANGg«oie.|3 ? I NGNIEN CCfULl LUAN dang bi de doa Vi vay trudc het rat can cd nhung phan nlng cao trach nhiem gili trinh, tai eOcau hethong GDMi dinh cuthe vesd mdnh cho liJng eo s6 dao tao de co sd va GDDH, t l i cO cau ehuong trinh dao tao, dd vuon Idn ve chat luong vl hieu qua pham vi sd Thye ra, vd co ban, cac gili phap niy khdng md[ mdnh eua minh Dieu dim bao tinh da dang Chung da tdng dupe dd cap nhieu lan, dudi dang i4 ecJ cau he thdng Ben canh dd rat can khuyen khich v l hole dang khlc, trdn cac van bin Cd mot khoing cid phlt huy tinh da dang eo ehe van hanh cua he Idn, tdn tai dai ding gida elc van ban ehfnh sach vdi vft thdng nhu eoche phin luong, cache hen thdng, CO chd to chdc thye hidn No phin anh mdt sy thieu hut ki nam gin dao tao vdl sd dung, Dac biet quan trpng II nlng nghiem hon, dd la thieu hut ki nang tS cft* cao tinh da dang td chdc vl hoat dong eua nha trUdng.Trong pham vi quyen ty chil ciia minh, cac eosd thae hien eua edc cdp c6 trdeh nhikm V\ viy Idi gill cua bai toln thieu hut ki nang cua a lo dio tao can da dang hoa elc chuong trinh dao tao, cac phuong thdc dio tao, cac quan he doi tie, tao thuan loi ddng Viet Nam se cdn nim chdng nao bai toln thl6i nhat cho ngUdl hpe tiep can giao due, tim hut kl nlng td chdc thyc hien chua ttm dugc IS vide llm hoae tu tao vlec lam sau tdt nghidp Theo glai hidu nghidm hudng niy, can phat tnen quan hd doi tie edng-tu (PPP) khu vyc tu dupe coi la ddi tic binh d3ng cua TAILICUTHAMKHAO khu vUc cdng phat trien giao dye; can tao ea ehd [I] World Bank, (2013a), 6do edo phdt tri4n 1^ de doanh nghidp khdng chi gan kdt vdl co sd dao tao Nam HI Npl- Trung tam Thong tin Phlt trien Vidt Nam, ml cdn tham gia true tiep vao cung dng dao tao nhan [2] Nguyen Hoing Lan, (2014), Nghien eOuddnh^ lUc, can md rdng va nlng cao chit luong dio tao td xa, mdc hdi ldng cua doanh nghiep vd chdt Iagng ddoto die biet II vide ap dung eac khda hoc true tuydn md dai nhdn lac trlnh dai hgc d Viet Nam Luln an tien si kirti chung (MOOC) GDDH te, Trudng Dai hoc Bach Khoa Ha N6i, KSt luan [3] Schwab, K (ed), (2014), The G/oW Cudi nam 2015, trong Bao cao "Nang suat Competitiveness Report 2014-2015, Geneva- The WorW lao dpng ciia Vidt Nam: Thuc trang vl giai phip" Bp Economic Forum Ke hoach va Dau td gdi tdi cac thinh vidn Chfnh phu c6 [4], Vidn Nang suit Viet Nam, (2014), Bdo cdo nSng gCfl di thdng didp la phil den nam 2038 Vidt Nam mdi sudt VietNam 2014 Vidn Nlng suat Vidt Nam, HI N^l bat kip NSLD cua Philippines, den nim 2069 mdl bit [5] World Bank, (2012), Putting higher educothm kip NSLD ciia Thai Lan, khoing cleh vdi Trung to work Skills and research for growth in East A^ Quoc lai gia tang dang ke, Trong rat nhieu nguydn nhin Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, ciia tinh trang nay, cd mdt nguydn nhan quan trpng la [6] Aring, M, (2015), Asean Economic Communit! vide dho tao khong den noi ddn chdn eua Viet Nam 2015: Enhancing competitiveness and employabltltf ^ Od II eho den cac eo sd dio tao, td day nghe through skill development Bangkok: ILO en dai hpc van thieu su gin ket cin thidt vdi moi triscmn den dai hpc van thieu su gin ket cin thidt vdi mdi trUcmg [7].Wodd Bank, (2013b), lV/j(7rmorfefsformsritforct xung quanh, chii yeu la elc doanh nghidp, Nguyen nhan true tiep ciia sU thieu gin kdt la cac ca sd thieu development: A framewwork and tool for analysis nlng lyc, thieu dpng luc va thie'u thong tin Nguyen nhan Worldbank,org/education/saber, IB], Longanecker, A D, (2008), Mission differential sau xa la d nhdng ydu kem va bat ehp ehinh saeh PTNL cua Viet Nam Vi vay, hd thdng gill phap ve ehinh VS mission creep: Higher education's battle betwm ereatlonism and evolution Western Interstate sach de khlc phuc hen quan den tai cocau tli chlnh edng Commission for Higher Education SKILL DEFICIT OF VIETN.M LABOUR IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL INTEGRATIONPROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Pham Do Nhat T1« Ndtlonat Institute of EducdllonKaiidgemtil Emalhphamdntien@hotmall.cen 'oi"^"""i^Z^Z,l^!:::,SZd:e^ '"/^' ."^l ' - ™ " — S ^ u e