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MUC TICU, SRN PHRM GIRO GIUC VOI Vice XflV DUNG VAN HOR HOC DUONG 6 TRUONG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG HICN NRV I M d d a u Trong boi d n h dat nffdc ddi mdi, hdi nhap hien nay,nen gi lo due cffng da va dang[.]
MUC TICU, SRN PHRM GIRO GIUC VOI Vice XflV DUNG VAN HOR HOC DUONG TRUONG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG HICN NRV l e QUANG HUNG Truing DHSP Ha Noi I.Mddau Trong boi d n h dat nffdc ddi mdi, hdi nhap hien nay,nen gilo due cffng da va dang chuyin minh manh me, van hda hpc dffdng ed nhffng bien ddng phffc tap, thu hut su quan t i m rdng rai cffa xa hdi v l khien khdng it ngffdi lo ngai, ban khoan Hon bao gid h i t , xay dffng van hda hoc dffdng nhSm nang cao ehit IffOng, hieu q u i gilo due dffpe dat mdt each d p t h i i t Mudn gili quyet diiu dd, trffde tien d n xac djnh rd r i n g cO sd li luan eua nd m l xuit phat diem quan trpng la muc tieu giao due, hinh mau san p h i m cua qua trinh gilo diJC Bai viet mudn gdp phan g i l i q u y i t cle v i n de ay Ndi dung nghidn cuTu / Khdi niim van hoa hoc dudng Mudn xay dffng van hda hpe dffdng, trffde tien phai xlc dinh rd khii niem nay, phli t r i Idi dung eau hdi nhffng nhan td nao tao ndn nd Tutig cd r i t nhieu dinh nghia ve van hda ndi chung, v i van hda hoc dffdng ndi ridng diy, chung tdi khdng dat cho minh nhidm vu lidt ke nhffng djnh nghia v i van hda ma xin chl n h l n manh d c dac d i i m ndi bat nhat cua ndde tff dd xay dffng khai nidm van hda hpc dffdng Tff dien triit hpc (Matxedva, 1972) djnh nghia: "VIn hoa I I t o l n bd d c gia tri vat chit v l tinh than da dffdc n h l n loai sang tao qua trinh hoat ddng thffc tien Ijch sff - xa hdi" Tli lidu tdng k i t thap ki t h i gidi phat trien van hda 1987 -1997 cua UNESCO cffng viit: "Van hda I I tong t h i d c he thdng gia trj bao gdm d c mat tinh d m , tri thffc, vat chat, tinh than cffa xa hdi dd" Nhff vay, dac diem dau tidn d n chu y cua van hda la tinh he thdng - t o l n ven Od i l mot he thdng g i l tri v l chuin mffc t h i hien mpi ITnh vffc effa ddi sdng xa hdi Giffa eac yeu td he thdng n i y cd mdi quan hd bidn ehffng Cung tff d c djnh nghia ve van hda, ehffng ta nhln dac d i i m ndi b i t nffa cua nd la tinh Ijeh sff He thdng gia trj v l chuan mffc phein anh trinh dd phit trien cffa xa hdi ay, ddi tffpng ay mdt khdng gian, thdi gian nhat djnh Con ngffdi II ehu the cua van hda, m l eon ngffdi b i n chit cua nd - ia sff tong hda d c mdi quan he xa hdi Vi t h i , van hda bao gid cung gan vcri d c mdi quan he t h i hien trinh dp nhan thffe, t h l i dp ffrig xff, phffong thffc hanh ddng cffa eon ngffdi ddi vdi d c hidn tffdng tff nhien va xa hdi, ddi vdi ngffdi khac va vdi chfnh minh, V kiin cua eiiu Tdng Gilm dde UNESCO Federio Mayor theo ehffng tdi da tdm tSt kha day du die diem cua van hda: "Van hda phln Inh va t h i hien mdt d e h tdng quit v l sdng ddng mpi mat eua cudc sdng {eua mdi e l nhln va d edng dong) d l dien qua khff cung nhff dang dien hien tai Qua hang bao the ki, nd da clu mdt hd thdng d c gia trj, truyin thdng t h i m mi va ldi sdng m l dffa vao dd tutig dan tde tff khing dinh ban sie rieng eua minh" [2; TOO] Mdi td ehffe xa hfii deu cd van hda effa minh Nha trffdng ia mdt td ehffe xa hdi cd nhiem vu g i l o dye, d l o tao nhffng eon ngffdi theo li tffdng, muc tieu cua mdt the che chfnh tri nhit dinh L l khdng gian dien cac hoat ddng day - hpe, gilo due cua mot nha trffdng, hoe dffdng mang tfnh ddc lap tffong ddi Jonh Dewey {1859 - 1952), mdt nhOftig dng to effa n i n giao due hien dai Hoa Ki tung eho ring hoan d n h xd bd cua mdi trffdng x l hdi, thi nha trffdng du van II mdt mdi trffdng ed t h i kiem soit dffdc mdt each tffdng ddi, nhffng diiu kidn cho sff phat triin cffa d nhan ed t i c dung Idn viec djnh hffdng cho ngffdi, xa hdi sau niy Nhff the, van hda hpc dffdng cd sii tffdng tac vdi mdi trffdng xa hdi song cung cd tinh khu biet, sff han djnh cu the Hau h i t nhffng djnh nghia ve van hda hpc dffdng d i u gap d nhln thffc "Van hda hpe dffdng I I tap hpp cae ehuin mffc, gia trj va niem tin, d e le nghi va nghi thffc, d e bieu tffdng va truyen thdng tao "vd bd ngoli" cffa n h i trffdng" (Kent D, Preterson) "VIn hda hpe dffdng II mdt cau true, mdt qua trinh v l bau khdng khf cua cac gia tn v l chuan mffc dan d i t GV, HS d i n viec gilng day va hpc tap ed hieu qua" {Stephen Stolp) [2;39] Nha trffdng I I mdt thiet c h i v i n hda dae bidt cua mdt quoc gia Dd la noi gin giff, truyen thu v l phat huy hd thdng g i l tri tri thffc, tinh than eua dan tde, eua c l loai ngffdi, noi gilo due v l d l o tao nen nhffng nhan each van hda theo mdt If tffdng, n i i m tin nhat dinh Neu khii niem GIAO DUC van hda gan vdi vide vun trdng, bdi dap thi nha trffdng ed vai trd dae biet quan trpng dam dffdng chffc nang l y ddi vdi tffng d nhan Neu quan niem van hda hpe dffdng la mdt he thdng thi phai phan tich dung clu trffe cffa he thdng ay Vay, van hda hpc dffdng gdm nhutig t h i n h td nao? Mdi quan he gifla nhutig td l y sao? Lim ndn van hda hpc dffdng trffde h i t I I ndi dung, k i t q u i nhln thffc cua nhflng vien nha trffdng ly Qua trinh hoat ddng n h i trffdng chinh la qua trinh cle thinh vidn td ehffe dffdc va tff minh bd sung, tieh luy, cffng cd va nang cao nhan thffc (tri thffc cAc mat, hiiu b i i t ve d c vien khac va v i chfnh minh) Nhan thffc cd y nghia chi phdi, dieu chinh mpi hlnh vi Tff HS: quan hd vdi thay, ed giao, vdi ban be, vdi mdi trffdng n h i trffdng v l vdi chinh minh Tff GV: quan he vdi HS, vdi ddng nghiep (bao gdm el d c elp q u i n li), quan he vdi mdi trffdng nha trffdng v l vdi chinh minh Tff ngffdi quin If (Ban gilm hidu): quan he vdi GV, vdi HS, vdi nhau, vdi mdi trffdng nha tnidng v l vdi chinh minh Nhff vay, de xay dffng van hda hpc dffdng can cd ^ thffe, sff phan dau ddng bd cua moi vidn Van hda hpc dffdng g i n vdi dac diem, truyen thdng cCia nha trffdng, vdi mdi trffdng dja phffdng Nd se soi bdng qua nhflng hinh I n h gan gui m l thieng lidng, nhffng ki niem dang nhd ma mdi vien mang theo sudt e l cudc ddi Tff khai nidm v i n hda hpe dffdng nhff trdn, ehijng ta nhan tam quan trpng die biet effa vide xiy dffng ehuan mffc van hda hpc dffdng linh vffc gilo due hien Nhieu ngffdi cho rang x i y diing v i n hda hoc dffdng la mdt gili phap nang cao chat IffOng giao due nha trffdng Nghi the khdng sai Song mat khic cung can thay ring van hda hpe dffdng chinh la mdt Thinh td quan trpng n h i t effa v i n hda hpe dffdng biiu hidn trffe t i i p effa ehat Iffpng giao due effa nhi chfnh I I t h l i dp, hlnh vi ffng xff cua nhutig thinh trffdng, effa qude gia Rd rang, mfit mfii trffdng vin vidn n h i trffdng vdi mdi trffdng tff nhidn va mfii hda tdt II diiu kidn d n t h i i t d i d c thinh vidn trffdng xa hdi Oly chinh I I eho the hien sinh ddng dd cung phan dau hoin tdt nhiem vu cua mlnh effa ndi dung, trinh dd nhln thflc, t h i hien mdt cich Ngffpc lai, chit IffOng day va hpc, hieu q u i cOa qui trinh gilo due cung tao nen mdi trffdng v i n hda ly, trffe t i i p , ehan thiic chit IffOng van hda hpc dffdng dffpe "hien hffu" sinh ddng dd Theo chung tdi, Lim nen mdt nha trff£mg bao gdm nhieu thinh phan tinh hinh xa hdi nhiiu b i i n ddng, mdi quan he Ndi cich khic, n h i trffdng II mdt he thdng, mdt cau thay - trd nhiiu xlo trdn hten nay, van de xay dffng mdi true, gdm nhiiu thinh td cd mdi quan he bien chutig trffdng van hda hpe dffdng d n g cd y nghia cap thiit Quan hd gifla eae thinh phan dOn vj nha trffcmg Kinh t i thj trffdng dang Iam xdi mdn nhiiu phffdng trffde h i t II quan hd hlnh chfnh, nghTa vu, nhffng ddng didn dao dffc x l hpi ma nha trffdng cung Inh hffdng thdi cung la quan he tinh d m Khi nao hai mat quan nghiem trpng Quan he thay - trd nhieu noi, nhiiu ILIC he thdng nhit, nhuan nhuyen thi nha trffdng trd bi nhudm den.Tinh trang bao Iffc hpe dffdng niy sinh thinh mdt mdi trffdng thuan Ipi de hoan d c vdi nhiiu hinh thffe, ed lue vffot q u i sffc tffdng tupng Ndi dung, phffdng p h i p day - hpc ddi mdi chffa ddng nhldm vu eao quy v l nang ne cua minh deu, hidu q u i chffa cao Hang loat v i n d i dffOc bio Khai niem van hda hpc dffdng ehffng tdi xay dffng chi, dffdc dff luan xa hdi ndu hang Cung can xung quanh nhflng quan he tffOng t i c bien ehffng t h i y day khdng ehi la v i n 3e eua ridng gilo due Viet neu trdn Theo chung tdi, van hoa hgc Qudng la he Nam ma dang trd d u chuyen ndng bdng cOa thong nhUng gid trj ehuan muc, nhUng bieu tugng, khdng it qudc gia khac D i i u dd phan anh mdt sff thffc niim tin duge hinh vd eung eo khong gian cua p h i t trien x l hpi: d c cap n h i trffdng can dffdc nhd trudng, ehi phoi mgi thdi dp, hanh dgng cua cac d i td manh me bdi d n h cua thdi dai kinh t i tri thdnh vien Neu lay tffng thinh phan thffe, edng nghd thdng tin, thdi dai t o l n cau hda Tff n h i trffdng lam trung tam (xuit phat diem) thi tao nam hpc 2008 - 2009, nganh gilo dye chflng ta chii trffdng d i y manh phong trao xay dffng md hlnh nha nen van hda hpc dffdng gom r i t nhieu quan he sau: trffdng than thidn, hoe sinh tieh effe cung la mdt bilu hidn cua ydu d u thay ddi cd tinh thdi dai niy Mdt td nfla cua van hda hoe dffdng I I mdi quan he gifla d c td chffc he thdng n h i trffdng nhff Ding, chinh quyin, cdng doin, d o i n nidn (mdi td chffc dam dffdng nhidm vu cua minh t h i nao? Sff phdi hdp, hdp tac di effng hoan thinh nhidm vu chung hieu q u i den dlu?) BAHTINGlAODUCTirXA&TAICHac 2.2 Muc tieu, sdn pham gida due - mgt easd li lugn va thUc tien cda viec xdy dung vdn hoa hgc dudng d bdc trung hgc thong Viec d i x u i t nhffng ehuan mffe van hda hpc dffdng se khdng cd y nghia n i u khdng xlc djnh day du, dung dan CO sd li luan, cd sd thffc tien cOa nd Trong thdi dai kinh te tri thffc, thdi dai t o l n c l u hda hien nay, bdi d n h d i t nffdc ddi mdi, hdi nhap vdi nhiiu dieu khong h i ddn gian, giao due nffdc nha dang dffng trffde nhieu van di b i bdn, ngdn ngang, hien nhidn chuyen xay dffng van hda hoc dffdng cung phai nghien effu, ban luin klcang.^thffe rd dieu nay,ddly chung tdi xin bffdc dau phln tieh mdt co sd li luan v l thiic tien cd tam quan trpng hang d l u d i xay dffng van hda hpc dffdng d bae trung hoc thdng 2.2.1 Muc tieu gido due, nhiem vu cua nhd trUdng trung hge thdng Cli cieh giao due, hidn dai hda gilo due da v l dang trd t h i n h yeu d u cap bieh qua trinh phat trien cua dat nffde, bdi d n h thdi dai Nd lien quan den h i n g loat van d i cd tinh he thdng va hien nhidn ed nhffng van de, nhflng cau ehuydn vffot khdi pham vi g i l o dye Song d i gdc ci!ia mpi v i n de, d i se chi phdi sff van hanh effa e l he thdng ehinh I I muc tieu gilo due Nhffng nam gan day, nhiiu b l i viet, nhieu y kien ve giao due hay dCing eie cum tfl quan niim gido due, tu giao due hay tnet li gido due d i u vdi nghia Mye tidu giao due se ehi phdi each thffe to ehffe, q u i n If eie n h i trffdng, ehi phdi ndi dung, phffong p h i p day- hoe, ehffong trinh, sach giao khoa Khai nidm hidn dai hda gilo dye d n dffpe hieu mdt d e h dung d i n , tffdng minh Trong thdi dai phd bien d c phffOng tien ki thuat, bung nd cdng nghe thdng tin hien nay, khdng ft ngffdi nghT ring sff dyng dffpe nhidu phffOng tien tidn tien, may mdc hien dai I I hidn dai hda qua trinh giao due D i i u rat can thiet nhffng lai khdng p h l i I I co b i n Cli gde cffa hidn dai hda giao due chinh la thay ddi tff duy, xlc djnh lai mue tidu, ydu cau dao tao, la xay dffng d c chuin mfle cffa sin pham qua trinh giao diJc theo yeu d u cua thdi dai dang biin ehuyen manh me Bdi tam quan trpng nhff the nen "Triit li gilo due Viet Nam" da trd t h i n h chff d i cua mot Hdi t h i o qudc gia v i o thang nam 2007 Luat gilo due effa nffdc ta (ban hanh nam 2005) xac dmh: "IVIue tidu g i l o dye la dao tao ngffdi Viet Nam phat trien toan didn, cd dao dffc, tri thflc, sffc khde, tham mTva nghe nghiep, trung vdi li tffdng ddc lap d i n tde v l chff nghTa xa hdi; hinh v l bdi dffdng nhan cich, p h i m c h i t va nang Iffe eua cdng dan, dap ffng yeu eau eua sff nghidp x i y dffng va b i o ve Td qudc" Day la tff tffdng chung, i^nh hffdng Idn m l can cu t h i hda, phan tfch that sang td tffng ve, tffng tff va can van dyng thich flng tffng bac n h i trffdng Ching han, dao dffe, tri thffe, sfle khde, tham mi, nghe nghiep cua ngffdi Viet Nam p h i t t r i i n toan didn I I gi? Trong thdi dai nay, nhan each, pham chat, nang Iffc cua mdt edng dan bao gdm nhutig gi de d i p utig yeu eau eua Sli nghidp xay dffng v l b i o veTd qudc, dd d l u ia d c v i n de quan trpng, eO ban hon ea? Mdi bac nha trffdng, mdi elp hpe ed vai trd, nhiem vu nhff the nao hffdng tdi muc tieu giao due chung? Tri thffc gilo due eua nha trffdng phli cO b i n va hidn dai, k i t tinh dffpe tffu van minh, khoa hpc kl thuat effa dan tdc v l n h l n loai Dao dffc, nhln eieh cua ngffdi HS m l nha trffdng gilo due, d l o tao cd nhiiu yeu d u , nhffng quan trpng nhit dd la sdng cd ii tffdng, la tfnh trung thiic, Idng nhan ai, la tinh than edng ddng va y thffe tdn trpng phap luat Ngffdi HS d n ed ml elm phong phu, dung dan v l sang, sdng thdi dai kT nghe cue kl phat trien hien nay, eon ngffdi eing can phli cd tinh yeu thien nhien, tam hdn nhay d m vdi d i hay, d i dep cffa van chffdng nghd thuat, Idng d m ghet nhflng dieu xau xa va yeu chudng chan li, cing d n biet dau khd va ydu thffdng cung ddng loai Nhi trffdng THPT ed vai trd quan trpng vide hinh thinh, bdi dffdng nhutig pham chit ay Cung vdi vdn tri thffc d n thiet, ngffdi HS nha trffdng phd thdng hien d n dffpe rdn luydn kl nang thffc hanh, can ed djnh hffdng nghd nghidp dung vdi kha nang, sd trffdng cffa minh Trong kha nhiiu nang Iffe effa cfing d i n ma n h i trffdng cd nhiem vu hinh v l bdi dffdng hidn can nhan manh tfnh nang ddng, nang Iffc tff chu, sang tao cung lien k i t nhdm, efing ddng, die biet la kha nang thieh fftig vdi mdi trffdng, vdi nhutig bien ddi, ddi hdi eCia xa hdi Mdt xa hdi mudn cd nhan tai, mudn phit triin thi ffng xff phli cd tinh than khoan dung van hda ddi vdi d c khac biet cua d nhan, chutig mffc d c khac biet dd khdng vi pham tdi quyin ldi chung cua xa hdi Do dae d i i m liia tudi, tam - sinh li, mffe dp phat trien trf tue effa HS, nha trffdng THPT ed vai trd ciic ki quan trpng viec thffe hidn mye tieu giao due vdi nhffng d i i m ma ehffng tdi mudn nhln manh trdn Trffde them thidn nidn ki mdi, tff nam 1996, Oy ban Khoa hpe v l Giao due cua UNESCO da efing bd mdt bao d o , xlc djnh muc tidu ehung cua vide hoc the ki mdi phai la : 1) Hoc de biet, 2) Hpe de lam, 3) Hpc de song, 4) Hpe de eung ehung sdng Qua diy, chung ta d n g thiy rd vin de kl nang thffc hlnh, nghd nghidp GIAO DUC van de nang thich flng va kT nang sdng dffdc d i eao nhff the n i o d eon ngffdi thdi dai Nhffng tri thflc biet chi ed gia tri qua trinh lam, dupe van dijng de lam Biit va lam nham de sdng va sdng thdi dai II biit thich nghi, b i i t eung ehung sdng (vdi mdi tnidng, vdi edng ddng) De sdng, d i phit triin mot the ki biin ddng phffc tap, tham chf dflOc dff bio ed lam ddi thay bat dinh, ngffdi d n phli bdi dffdng, rdn luyen d c pham chat, nang Iffe quan trpng niy v l n h i trffdng ed sfl mdnh eao quy, nhidm vu nang ne vide dd Khdng nhan thffe rd muc tidu nghia la thap vai trd cffa giao due, I I vd tinh khffde tff nghia vu vinh quang cffa mdt ITnh vffc, mdt nghd dffpe khSng djnh la qudc sich hing dau Cln thay ring trpng tam eua muc tieu giao due dffoc nhln manh nhff trdn la tff tffdng Idn cua nhiiu nen gilo due, II van d i ehung effa nhieu qudc gia bdi cinh thdi dai Chung tdi xin trich dan diy miy doan bffc thff cua effu Tdng thdng Cdng hda Phip Nicolas Sarkozygffi d e nha giao nhan khai trffdng d l u tidn k i tff dng dffpe bau lam Tdng thdng (ngiy t h i n g n i m 2007) d i ehfftig minh rang tff tffdng gilo due eung trd van d i dang quan t i m eua n i n giao due Phap: "Mye dieh giao due khdng phli II tff thda man vdi chut xfu "myc tidu" an djnh sSn, cung ehang phli I I dim ehdt dffa tre idp sdng vd van kiin thffe, khiin d c em ehang cdn hoi sffc ma chiim ITnh ndi chfft kiin thffe gi Mye dfch la cd ging dffa lai cho tfftig em cli tri thffc tdi da ma d c em ed t h i nhln dffdc bang each thue day manh me h i t sffc Idng ydu thich tff hpe, tinh td md v l dau dc edi md cua cle em, Idng ffa ging sffc cua d e em Ldng tff se phli II ddng Iffe chinh cua mdt nen giao due nhff vay Oua lai cho tutig em nhd, cho mdi thieu nien cCia dat nffdc ehung ta Idng tff trpng blng each giup cac em khim phi thiy minh ed tai nang, giup cae em nang hoin thinh diiu m l trudc cac em eff nghT la minh khfing hoin ndi, dd ia quan niem eua tdi ve cli triit li Ilm n i n cho edng cudc cai to n i n gilo due cua ehffng ta Nin g i l o dye cua chung ta ean phli bdt thu ddng dl, bdt may mde di Nd eung d n giam bdt eii vi tri thffdng dem dat qua cao eho hoc thuyit, cho if iuan, cho tinh trffu tffpng, nhffng thff khdng dffdc tiep nhan va khdng hpp vdi nhffng dang tri khdn nao dd.Ta can d i n h vj trf Idn hdn nfla cho quan slt, thffe nghiem, biiu dat v l ffng dung Tdi thffe sff tin ring theo each dd chung ta se lam eho sd ddng em ta ed hffng thff hpc hlnh nhiiu hdn, va ti Id that bai hpe hanh dd se thu hep lai "[3;593] BANTINGIAO DUCTtfXA&T^I CHlTC Nhutig van d i tren, theo ehung tdi, d n g ed y nghia bffc t h i i t doi vdi n i n giao due Viet Nam - n i n giao due nang kinh nghidm "hpc gao" thidn v i cung elp kien thflc m l xem nhe phat trien tff ddc lap, tinh than sang tao, khdng chu trpng ki nang thffc hanh 2.2.2 'Hinh mdu" eon ngudi md nhd trudng trung hgc phd thdng hudng tdi Mo hinh If tffdng se q u y dinh vat lieu, e h i t lieu eiing quy trinh, phffdng phap k i i n tao Phit trien cy the them bffdc nffa,"hinhmau"con ngffdi ma nha trffdng trung hpc t h d n g nham hffdng tdi sao? Tff trffde tcri nay, dffdng ldi g i l o due cua ehffng ta luon n h l n manh dao tao ngffdi vffa hdng visa chuyen, ludn khang dinh ngffdi phat trien t o l n dien (mpt thdi chung ta hay dung eae tff dffe, tri, the, mi), D6 la quan diem het sflc dung d i n v l hidn dffdng nhidn da, dang can phai ke thua, v i n di la can phat trien, lam s i n g td cle khai niem, d e pham chat dd cho phii hdp vdi ydu eau cffa thdi dai mdi Nhin mdt d e h khii q u i t hd thdng g i l o due t h i ki XX la hd thdng dffOc xay dling de d i p flng ydu c l u eua ki nguydn cdng nghiep cd dien Sang the ki mdi (that da t f l thap men eudi eting effa the ki XX) ea the gidi dutig trffde yeu cau xay dffng he thdng giao dye va dao tao thich utig vdi ddi hdi cua kl nguydn thdng tin va tri thffc Ngay tff d l u thap nidn 90 effa t h i ki trffde, td ehfle UNESCO d l n h l n manh ydu cau c l i d e h g i l o dye:Thdi dai mdi ddi hdi ngffiri phli eo d e h nhin mdi, d e h nghi mdi v l nhiing kien thffq kinang mdi cua chinh thdi dai minh Vdi tam nhin chiin Iffpe va nhflng suy nghT tam huyet Dai tffdng Vd Nguyen Giap tffng khSng djnh:"£)6i mdi toan didn, sau sic; triet d i ed tinh each mang n i n giao due v l d l o tao I I mdt dieu kidn tidn q u y i t de dffa nffde ta t i i n len nhanh va vffng tren dffdng hien dai hda dat nfldc, hdi n h i p quoc t i va sinh vai eung d c qudc gia tien tien tren the gidi ki nguyen thdng tin va toan cau hda" [1 ;21] Cung bai viet Dai tffdng ndu ldn nhflng d i e diem cffa moi eon ngffdi m l n i n g i l o due hien dai p h l i dao tao dffdc: 1) Nhijfng hieu biet va d m thu sau sic ddi vdi nhiing tinh hoa cua t r u y i n thong van hda dan tdc; 2) Nhiing kien thffe khoa hpe v l edng nghe hien dai; 3) Nang Iffc tff dde lap trdn cd sd k i t hpp tff khoa hpe vdi phffong p h i p tff he tfidng, tff phffc hpp, de cd k h i ning sdng va hoat ddng mdt d e h linh hoat, sang tao mdt t h i gidi phflc tap, day nhflng b i t djnh v l ddi thay, dan xen nhffng thaeh thffe va eO hdi Theo ehffng toi, d i y la d c dinh hffdng rat rd rang, sing sudt eua mot vj lanh t y - nha van hda ludn "nhjp bffdc cung thdi dai" Nhff t h i , c l i dffe d ngffdi HS nha trffdng hidn khdng chi nhff quan nidm t n j y i n thdng ma phai dffOc DIENDAN bo sung, thay ddi Van la Idng yeu Td qude, ydu ddng bao, van la tinh than tffdng t h i n tffdng li,thai dd ngoan ngoan, l i phep, trung thffe nhffng lai cung rat d n Idng ham thfch d i mdi, tinh than tim tdi, sang tao, rat d n tinh nang ddng di thieh ffng vdi biin ddi, ddi hdi cua eupe sdng, x l hdi Xa hdi hien va tffdng lai ehae ring khdng d n eon ngffdi ngoan ngoan chip thuin mdt chiiu, "ehi d l u dinh diy" m l can dflpc xay dffng, phat triin bdi nhiifng ngffdi biet tff ddc lap, dam phd phan, khat khao sang tao Cai trf d ngffdi HS mdi cung vay Nd phai bao gom kiin thffc khoa hpc va cdng nghe hidn dai Nd edn II nang tff hpc khdng ngffng d i khdng ngffng phat trien Dau dc khdng phli nhff cli bd chit chffa, nhdi nhdt nhffng tri thffc tinh, xd cufng ma quan trpng hdn II phffdng phip tff duy, nang liic van dung, d e h thffc thffe hanh Ndi each khae, d i tri thflc dffdc biit phai tri thffc di Ilm, de sdng Gid diy, chung ta dang d i cao nhidm vy gilo due ki ning sdng cffa nha trffdng Mdt ndn giao due tao nhffng sin pham ddng loat, nhung rdbdt theo lap trinh cd sin se khdng the nao d i p ffng dffpe ddi hdi eCia thdi dai Sff b i o mdn d tinh la eon dffdng ngin nhit d i giit chet tai nang Can phli biet chip nhln, biet khuyin khieh nang Iffe, sd trffdng, sd thich c l nhln diiu kidn ehffng khdng p h i vd quy chuan, quy che Tiec thay, khdng phli khdng cdn nhiing ngffdi, vl d c If niy khic, d d c mffc dp, bieu hien khac nhau, chffa "giac ngd" day du dieu ay Thffe chat dd la thai bio thu, sff ngu quen giffa luc xa hdi bien ddi ghd gdm, la hanh ddng "mu ni ehe tai"de cau an, de dffpe vd sii.Trong ban kien nghj v i ehin hffng, cli each, hidn dai hda gilo diJC cffa tap t h i ddng d l o d c n h i khoa hpc, nha giao due ed uy tin tfl cudc Hdi thIo d HI Ndi ngiy thing n i m 2004 cd doan: "De xay dflng lai gilo dye tfl gde, trffde hit cln thay ddi tff gilo due, xac ^ n h lai quan nidm v i mye tidu, ydu d u dao tao va chflc nang cua nha trffdng, tff dd mdi t h i y rd ein thay ddi eung d e h day va hpc, thay ddi npi dung, phffdng phip, to ehffe quin li giao due nhff the nao de dat dffdc mue tidu Ndn soat lai de dflt khoat tff bd dao tao nhiifng m i u ngffdi chi biet ngoan ngoan chip hlnh, quen dffdc dan d i t bao elp c l v i tff v l hlnh ddng hem la biet suy nghi ddc lap va tff ehju traeh nhiem, d n coi trpng rdn luydn d e pham chat dao ddc ca b i n effa ngffdi hidn dai ed ca tinh nhffng bao dung, biit giao t i i p va hop tac, biet lam viec cd hidu q u i , ed tff edi md vdi d i mdi, thieh dan than, khdng ngai dffdng d l u vdi thaeh thffc, khd khin, sin sing chap nhan mao hiem vl muc dich Idn, va nhat la trung thffc v l cd d l u 6c sang tao, la nhiJfng dffc tinh tdi d n thiet ddi sdng x l hdi hien dai Odng thdi d n quan tam den gilo due tham ml, giao due d m xuc, d l o tao toln didn ngffdi cd t i m hdn v l the chat khde manh" [1 ;34-35] Lien quan tdi vide tdn trpng nhan each ddc lip, ren luydn n|ng Iffc sing tao eho ngffdi hpe, cung tffng cd nhung y kien ban ve d e h xffng hd nha trffdng, d bie n i o ndn dflng thay (ed) - eon, thay (ed) - em, d bac nao thi de hpe sinh, sinh vten xflng "tdi" Dd I I ehuydn eflng ndn thdng nhat, ndn "quy ehuan" Nhff vay, san pham giao due la eon ngffdi, "Hinh mau" ngffcri m l n h i trffdng trung hpe phd thfing can dao tao bao gdm nhieu tieu chuan, nhieu pham chit Trong dd, ehffng tdi thiy can nhan manh d c dae diem sau: -Vdn tri thffc khoa hpe phong phff, hidn dai - Tinh than cdng ddng, thai dp hdp t i e cung tff dde lap, nang Iffe sang tao - Khi nang thich flng vdi nhflng ddi thay, van ddng nhanh ehdng cCia xa hdi, ki nang g i l i quyet d c v i n d i sinh ddng effa thffe tien ddi sdng -Dfle tinh trung thffc, Idng nhan ' Biit p h i t hidn dffng sd trffdng, kha nang effa ca nhan v l bffdc dau cd phffdng phip ren luydn d i v i sau t i i p tue theo hoc d bic cao hdn v l tff hpc, tff dd eo d i i u kidn ddng gdp cd hidu q u i eho cdng ddng, cho xa hdi Tff myc tieu giao due, tff hinh I n h ngffdi HS m l sff nghiep ddi mdi giao due, dao tao nhim hffdng tdi nhff tren, nhieu van de Idn qua trinh day va hpc, qua trinh giao due tat yeu dffdc dat Nhflng chieu quan he tao nen van hda hpc dffdng nhff da trinh bay tff day cffng d n nhin nhan va xff ly khdng hoan toan nhff trffde Nhffng van de ay chung tdi se tiep tuc ban luan d e bai viet k h i c Ket luan Xiy dffng van hda hpe dffdng 11 mdt v i n d i d p t h i i t thudc dffdng ldl gilo dye thiic tien p h i t triin cua xa hdi chung ta hien Oe thffc hien dieu nay, Sli t h i m nhuan va van dung dung dan muctieu giao due cd y nghia quan trpng Bai viet ndu ldn mdt y kiin vdi mong mudn cac nha q u i n l>^ giao due, ban dpc rdng rai eung t h i o luan TAI UEU THAM KHAO Nhieu tdc gid, 2007, Nhdng vdn di gido due hiin nay, quan diem vd gidi phdp Nxb Tn thdc, Hd Ndi Nhiiu t i c g i l , 2007, Xay dUng vdn hda hgc dudng - giai phdp ndng eao ehdt luang gido due nhd trudng (Ky y i u Hdi t h i o khoa hpc Vien Nghien effu Sff pham, Dai hpc Sff pham Ha Ndi) Pham Toln, 2008, Hgp tuu ede dong tdm ly hoc gido due, Nxb Tri thffc Ha Ndi ... luin klcang.^thffe rd dieu nay, ddly chung tdi xin bffdc dau phln tieh mdt co sd li luan v l thiic tien cd tam quan trpng hang d l u d i xay dffng van hda hpc dffdng d bae trung hoc thdng 2.2.1 Muc... tfnh trung thiic, Idng nhan ai, la tinh than edng ddng va y thffe tdn trpng phap luat Ngffdi HS d n ed ml elm phong phu, dung dan v l sang, sdng thdi dai kT nghe cue kl phat trien hien nay, eon... Phit trien cy the them bffdc nffa,"hinhmau"con ngffdi ma nha trffdng trung hpc t h d n g nham hffdng tdi sao? Tff trffde tcri nay, dffdng ldi g i l o due cua ehffng ta luon n h l n manh dao tao