U I UAN eiAc eye B^Y HQC ! i QUAN TRONG CUA NHIIM Vli GIAD UUC OAU OUli TRUYIN THUNG TROHG RHH TRirffnG TRUHG HOC PHO THOHG HIGH HHV ThS THIEU MINH Q U Y N H '''' Tu dudng va ren luyen ban than de trd th[.]
U I.UAN eiAc eye B^Y HQC ! i QUAN TRONG CUA NHIIM Vli GIAD UUC OAU OUli TRUYIN THUNG TROHG RHH TRirffnG TRUHG HOC PHO THOHG HIGH HHV ThS T u dudng va ren luyen ban than de trd ngudi cd nhan each, vda ed ddc vua cd tai la het sue quan trpng doi vdi mdi ngudi, la nhiem vu hang dau cua nien, hpc sinh (HS) Dieu cho thay tam quan trpng cua viee giao due dao due (G DDD), nhat la dao ddc (00) truyen thd'ng cho HS cac nha trudng trung hgc thdng (THPT) DD tajyen thdng la nhung gia tn, chuan muc DD td't dep cua ngudi Viet Nam, dupc hinh thanh, phat trien va phat huy de'n Mgt each khai quat, gia tri dao dde taiyen thd'ng (GDODTT) tap trung d nhung ndi dung sau: long yeu nudc, cim thu giae ngoai xim, san sing chien dau, hi sinh vi dgc lap tudo cua To quoc; loisong doan ket, nhin ai, nghia tinh; truyen thong can cu, hieu hqc, giau y chi, nghi luc vu0kh6 I C a s d x a c d j n h t a m quan ciia GDODTT nha trudng THPT Xet theo co sd tam li hgc Ida tuoi, neu nhu tud'i thieu nien (tudi cua HS tmng hpc co sd} la Ida tud'i mdi hinh thegidiquan, li tudng, niem tin DO, nhdng phan doan gia trj , thi tud'i nien (15-18, tudi eua HS THPT) xua't hien suphat trien thuc nhu mdt dae diem ndi bat s i ; phat trien nhan each cua cac em Suphat tnen t u y thuc eua H S T H P T d giai doan quyet dmh hinh the gidi quan, nhan sinh quan, II tudng cua nien Vi vay, viec GDODTT eho cac em gdp phan quan trpng viec hinh the gidi quan, nhan sinh quan tich cue, li tudng sd'ng eao dep cho nien trude budc vao eupe sd'ng Ndi nhu vay khdng co nghTa la GOOD eho HS d cac cap tieu hpe, tajng hpc co sd hay cho sinh vien d cac tardng dai hpc, cao dang, taing ea'p nghe khdng quan trpng GOOD d moi bac hge, cap hpc cd nhung vai trd khac THPT la cap hgc cud'i cung cua giao dye thdng, ed vai tro hoan thien tinh caeh cua HS da dMac dinh hinh d nhung cap hpc dudi, de ehuan bi cho cac em tham gia vao eupe sd'ng mdt each hieu qua (ki - 7/2014) THIEU M I N H Q U Y N H ' Tam quan trpng cua GDODTT nha trudng THPT J ) Oat nudc ta nen kinh tethj trudng phat trien manh, xu hudng hpi nhap, toan cau hda eang sau sic, da dat dupc nhung tich rat dang khich le Tuy nhien, ben canh dd, chung ta cung dang phai dd'i mat vdi mgt thuc te dang buon - dd la su xuong cap ve matDO hien dot sd'ng xa hgi Nhung hien tupng bang hoai ve DD dang la noi nhdc nhdi eua xa hdi Van deOD xa hdi, £i^ ca nhan dang dien het sde phuc tap, dang cdsudau tranh giua cai mdi, eai tien bp, cai thien vdi cai cu, cai lac hau, eai ac; giua chu nghTa vi tha vdi ehu nghTa vi ki; giua Id'i sd'ng trung thuc vdi thdi dd'i tra ehay theo dong tien Thuc te dan den tinh trang: gia dinh, eon cai bat hieu, h i t hui cha me, anh chj em mat doan ket vi lpi ich kmh te; d nha trudng, trd khdng tdn trgng thay, dl nguoe lai truyen thd'ng '1dn su trgng giao"; ngoai xa hdi, quan he giua ngudi vcS ngudi theo kieu "den nha rang", "chay nha hang xdm binh chan nhu vaf , bao hieu sudao Idn ve cae ehuan mucOO truyen thd'ng dan tdc, lam hoen d nhung GTDOTT ma dng cha ta da tao dung tu bao ddi nay, Dieu dat yeu cau: can trang bi cho the he tre • HS THPT nhung GTDOTT cao dep, dae biet la loisong doan ket, nhan ai, nghia tinh; coi day nhu mdt "lieu thud'c khang sinh" de'sau nay, tham gia vao eudc sd'ng, cae em cd the chd'ng lai nhung tac ddng ghe gdm cua nen kmh tethj tnidng day phuc tap Chi ed nhu vay, ngudi ta mdi cd the sd'ng td't duoc vdi nhau, tao nen sue manh thuc day su phat then eila da't nudc 2) Trong tinh hinh the gidi hien nay, ke thu v i n ehua tubo am muu thdn tinh va pha hoai dat nudc ta Vdi "dien bien hda binh", chung tan edng chung ta chu ye'u tren cac ITnh vuc van hda de lam xdi mdn niem tin cua nhan dan vao su nghiep cua Dang, lam * TnrdngTning cap ngtie hi thuat tong hOp Ha Noi Tap chi Gido due so 338 bang hoai DD, ldi sdng cua nhan dan Dd'i tUOng true tie'p ma chung hudng de'n la Ic^ tre, cd HS, sinh vien - nhung ngudi ehu nhan tuong lai cua dat nudc Dua tren dae diem tam sinh 11 Ida tudi HS THPT, loi dung nhung tien bd cua khoa hpe, kTthuat hien dai - nhait la djch vu mang, saeh bao, phim anh ,, ke thu dung du mpi thu doan hdng Idi keo the he tre xa rdi cdi nguon, sd'ng quay lung lai vdi che dp, vdi nhan dan, vcndantpc;"khuyen khich"thehetretim de'n suhudng thy ma khdng thie't nghT de'n hgc tap, tu dudng 0 vi tuong lai Ve phan minh, ed khdng itHS chua thde duoc vai trd, vj tri cua hg su nghiep each mang eOa dan toe Hg ed tu tudng y lai bd me, khdng chju phan da'u ren luyen; thieu trung thuc hpc tap nhu: chay diem, ehay b&ng, thdo vdi cac sinh hoat doan the; ngai khd, ngai khd' nen cd nhdng tinh toan thuc dyng viee chpn nganh nghe; chay theo Id'i sd'ng hudng thu, dua ddi, an choi, sd'ng budng tha, nghien hut dan de'n vi pham phap luat va cac chuan mirc xa hgi Day dd cdn xay hien tuong HS giet ngudi, cudp cua, tutd, Thuc trang tren eung dat nhiem VLI can thie't va cap bach la can GDOOTT dan tdc eho HS THPT giai doan hien - nha't la long yeu nudc, cam thu giic ngoai xim, san sang chien dau, hisinh vidoc lip tudo cua To quoc; truyen thong can cu, hieu hoc, giiu y chi, nghj iuc vuot khd Cd nhu vay, mdi gdp phan giu vdng dupe djnh hudng xa hdi chu nghla, bao ton dupc ban s§e van hda va eae GTDOTT cua dan tdc ta, dam bao cho cong ctia su nghiep CNH,HDHhUdngtdimuctieu dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng b&ng, dan chu, van minh 3} GDOOTT cho HS THPT se trang bj cho thehe tre nhiing hieu biet sau sic eung niem tuhao ve nhdng truyen thd'ng tot dep cua dan tpc; dong thci, can ehu y de'n quy luat phat trien eua y thdc xa hdi ndi chung, y thde 0 ndi rieng mang tinh ke thda Chang han, nhung gia tri phd'quat toan nhan loai nhu: ngudi sd'ng phai biet yeu thuong nhau, vj tha, bao dung, giup ddnhau; phe phan nhdng thdi hutat xau , dupc luu tnjyen td ddi sang ddi khac (va tham chi td dan tgc sang dan tde khac), Ngoai ra, ed mdt so cac pham tru DO hge (thudng ggi la nhimg pham tnj £J£) fruyen//?dnp)duac hinh tuthdied'dai nhu: hanh phuc, luong tam, nghta vu van ton tai eho de'n (tuy cd thay ddi it nhieu, phan anh ddi sd'ng xa hgi dang van ddng va phu hpp vdi qua trinh van ddng do), Kethdalaquatrinh phattrien cua y thdc xahdi ndi chung cua 0 ndi rieng; la nhan to cua su phat trien; 26 Tap chi Gido due so 338 la "cau noi" giua cai eu va cai mw, Tinh ke thda cua 0 phu thugc vao dieu kien KT-XH, vao tinh gial cap, tinh dan tpc va khdng the ton tai mdt each biet lap taeh rdlcachinhthaiythdexahpikhacnhu:phapluat,triS't hpe, tdn giao, nghethuat, Ben canh dd,si;phattrien cua 0 cdn phu thugc vao su giao luu vdi van hda ben ngoai, khie'n nd trd nen phong phii, da dang hon st/ phat trien Chang han, xa hdi tU ban ehu nghTa, ngiJdi la da neu nhdng chuan mi/c ve "Tudo, binh dang, bic if nhung mdi chlla hinh thdc, vi igi ich giai cap cua giai cap tu san, vi dieu ki?n KT-XH ehua du de thirc hien nhdng tu tudng, chuan mi/c DD dd Dudi ehe xa hdi chu nghTa, nhifng GTOO can ke thda, phattrien va trd hien thue ddi sd'ng xa hpi 4} Giao due GTDOTT dan toe giup HS chuyen eae quan niem DO td "tu phat" sang "tu giae" Cupc sdng ludn luon van dpng, bien ddi, cang cac moi quan he giua ngudi vdi ngudi, ngudi vol xa hdi, eon ngudi vdi ty nhien cang trd nen ptidc tap, phong phu hon nhu chinh ddi sd'ng hien thuc eua no Con ngudi can cd nhung quy tic nhung chuan muc DD nhat dinh de dieu ehinh cae md'i quan he Luc ngudi can dupc giao due ve DO - qua trinh hinh va phat trie'n 0 thdng qua giao diic la mgt qua trinh tu giae Giao diJC nhung GTDOTT cho HS hien la nang cao nhan thdc veOO eho eae em, giiip eae em chuye'ncacyniem, quan diem 0 tdtuphat tu giae, tu thy ddng sang chu ddng; khdng ngdng nang eao trinh nhan thue veOD tuthap de'n eao, tdtrinh dp nhan thdc thdng thudng len trinh dp nhan thut khoa hgc Nhan thde thdng thudng hinh dan dan anh hudng trt/c tiep cua dieu kien song hang Cdn nhan thdc khoa hpc phan anh cac GT09 mdt each td'ng hop, khai quat; phan anh tat ca cac GTDD cua qua khd, hien tai va tuong lai Tri thdc ve 0 giup HS hieu biet ve nhung chuan mue, nguyen tac, quy t&cOD, cac quy dinh mpi hanh vi dng xdcua eae em vol nhdng ngudi xung quanh, vdi cpng dong Neu thieu nhdng tri thdc nay, HS se khdng nhan thdc dupe dau la eai tot, cai xau; dau la eai thien, cai ac dan de'n nhdng hanh dpng sal lam GDDD cho HS la giijp eho cac em chuyen nhdng hieu biet ve nhdng nguyen tic, quy t^e, ehuan muc xa hdi, qua tir nguyen dieu chinh hanh vicua minh cupc song Tuy nhien, thuc te da cd khdng it tn/dng hdp dubie'tphanbletdaulacalthien_ealac;daulacaidep, eai xa'u,.„nhung mdt sd'ngudi v i n ed the vi pham DD, Do vay, giao due nhdng GTDOTT cho HS phai g§n (ki2-7/2014) no vdi niem tin DD, tinh cam DD • mdt nhdng ye'u to quyet djnh hanh vIDD cua eon ngudi, degiup cho hpchuyen cae quan niem ODtdtuphat sang tu giae Do dd, giiip cho HS hieu ro muc dich vaviec fem cua minh ladling haysai.cdphuhpp vdi nhdng chuan mucDD cua dan tde minh hay khdng, lamdtviec lam het sde can thiet Moi HS deu 6\sac hudng mot nen giao due td luc cdn ngoi tren ghe nha tardng thdng, tu gia dinh va ngoai xa hdi, mdc dd tie'p thu cua cae em thudng khdng gidng nhau, su hieu bietcua eae em ve nhdng GTDOTT eua dan tpc cung khdng phai nhu (cd em cho rdng nhung chuan m ue, nhung GTDOTT la ldi thdi la "lac hau", khdng phil hop vdi hien tai; so khae lai khong quan niem nhu vay ) Do vay, HS ed tir glac nhan thdc duoc nhung chuan muc, nhung GTDD TT hay khdng cung mdt phan sugiao due eua gia dinh, nha tn/cmg, xa hdi, mdt phan chlnh ban than eae em nhan thue Yeu tdtLf nhan thde cua chil the DD ddng vai trd het sde quan trpng viee dieu chmh hanh vl cija minh cac md'i quan he xa hpi 5) GDOOTT cho HS THPT dap dng duoe yeu cau gan day chu vdi day ngudi nhu Dean ddi m dican ban, toin dien giao due VietNam da n e u e an danhan manh viec giao due va phattrien nang luc eho ngudi hpe - bao gom nhung tri thdc khoa hoc va nhung kTnang, kTxao van dung tri thuc ay vao cude song Ben canh dd la he thd'ng nhi/ng kT nang sdng rat can thiet Nhung GTDOTT se dap iJmg duoc viec boidudng, nang cao kTnang song cho HS.Ddla viec tap hop eae kTnang tam II xa hpi va giao tie'p ca nhan giup eon ngudi dua nhung quyet djnh cd co sd, giao tiep mpt each cd hieu qua; phattrien cae kinang l i / x d l i " va "quan li ban than" nham giup HS ed eudc song lanh manh, cdhieu qua, Thi/ete eho thay, di/ng trude mdt tinh hudng sinh cudc song, khdng chiu ldng nghe, nhieu ban tre da khdng kiem ehe, kie'm soat dupe cam xuc (ndng vd ed) nen da gial quye't tinh hudng mdt each kem sang sudt va de lai nhung hau qua rat dau Idng Trong eae tn/dng hop, nhiMg kT nang sd'ng can thiet nhu da ndi tren dupc hinh tren co sd nhdng gia tri eija DD tmyen thdng se giup eae em biet l^ng nghe, kiem soat cam xiic va cd hanh ddng dung dan, tich cue GDOOTT eho HS cac nha tardng THPT CO y nghTa, gia tri rat tdn Tuy nhien, nhiem vu khdng the thue hien thdi gian nggn theo kle'u "phong trao" macan tien hanh thudng xuyen, lien tyc, ben bi.Cac nhata/dng can coiday lamdt nhdng nhiem vu giao dye then ehdt, n§m ehien Iupe phat trien eija nganh, cua dat nudc Mdi GV phai la nhun^" tam guang DB.tu hoc vising tad 6eWS ndi theo Mdi can bp, quan li giao due phai ludn ddi mdi phuong phap quan li cho phu hop vdi tdng bd'i canh khac nhau, nham dat dupc ket qua eao nha't giao dye noi chung va G DOOTT ndi neng • Tai lieu t h a m khao Tran Viin Giau Gia tri tinh than truyen th^ng cua dan toe Viet Nam NXB Khoa hgc xd hoi H 1980 Vu Khieu Dao dut moi NXB ^/loo/iocJtd Api, H 1974 Tl Phan Huy Le - Vu Minh Giang "Cdc gid tri truyen thong nguai Vtet Nam hien nay" (D& tai KX-0702).HaN