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T A M Q U A N T R O N G C U A V I E C S Q D U N G B A I T A P TRONG D A Y H O C L I C H S U VIET N A M T i l N A M 1 9 1 8 D E N N A M 1 0 3 D ( L I C H S U 1 2 O A N C U O A N ) Cho den nay van ton t[.]
T A M Q U A N T R O N G C U A VIEC S Q D U N G B A I T A P T R O N G D A Y H O C L I C H S U VIET N A M T i l N A M D E N N A M D (LICH SU O A N CU OAN) O C ho den van ton tai nhung quan diem ThS VU ANH TUYEET* tim thdy vd tap trung vdo phdn kien thuc ca bdn dd cd SGK Neu thyc hien sau tiet hoc, BT LS se cd tdc dyng cung cd, ddo sdu, md rdng khac ve phuang phap day hoc Ljch su kien thuc ndng tdm hieu biet cua HS len muc khdi [LS) Theo quan diem truyen thdng, hoc sinh quat hda, truu tuang hda (HS) can hoc de ghi nhd cang nhieu su kien cdng - Trong qua trinh Idm BT, HS phdi thyc hien tdt Li ludn day hoc hien dqi khang djnh, bd mdn nhieu thao tdc, hanh ddng hoc tap cy the Day Id LS khong chi trang bj nhung kien thuc ca bdn ve ca sd de hinh thdnh, phdt trien kT ndng, kT xdo LS md cdn cd tdc dung ren luyen khd ndng tu mdn hoc nhu: kT ndng ve, kT ndng tao vd su dyng duy, sdng tao cho HS De dat duqc dieu dd, hoc tap LS khong dan thuan dung lai d viec hoc thudc cdc dd dung true quan, kT ndng ghi chep, diin Idng de ghi nhd su kien md HS phdi thyc hien rdt dat Ngodi ra, cdn ren luyen y chi kien nhan vd nhieu khau hoc tap khdc nhau, dd cd khau tao ca hdi cho HS dem nhung kien thuc dd hoc Idm bdi tap (BT) kiem nghiem thyc tiln, gop phdn cung cd Thyc tiln day hoc d trudng phd thdng dd niem tin vdo nhung gi dd hoc, tung budc hinh khang djnh sy cdn thiet phdi su dyng BT thdnh the gidi quan khoa hoc mdn LS «Trudc het phai hieu BT LS khong phai - Giao BT Id mdt hinh thuc gay nhung «cdn chi la nhung cau hoi SGK, lgi cang khong trd" ddi vdi hoat ddng nhdn thuc, mdt thu thudt phai la nhung ldi dan chung chung cua giao vien (GV) vao cudi gid hgc Md no cd ngi dung gqi tri td td, ham muon gidi quyet tu phia HS sdu hon cdu hoi kiem tra, ddi hoi thdi gian, cdng Day Id bien phap tich cue de phdt huy tinh ddc sue vd tri tue cua HS nhieu han vd tdc dyng, kit lap, sdng tao cua HS Thyc te cho thdy, ket qua qua cua no cung cao hon BT LS dugc xdy dung BT cao hay thdp phy thudc vdo nhieu yeu td, tren mot sd su kien quan trgng, mot sd bdi hgc dd, sy no lyc phdn ddu cua HS giu vai trd quan hay cd khoa trinh No vua phu hgp vdi nang lyc nhdt Trong day hoc LS, cdc loai bdi chu yeu sau nhdn thuc cua HS, dong thdi cung cd yeu cdu vdi cdc em nhdm cung cd vung chac bdi hgc, tiep tyc hay duqc su dyng: BT ve lap nien bieu; BT ren hoan thien kien thuc, gido dye tinh chuyen cdn luyen kT ndng bdn dd, sa dd, dd thi, bieu dd LS; hgc tap, dgc biet Id phdt huy nang luc nhdn BT dudi dang cdu hdi nhdn thuc Khi xdy dyng thuc cua HS" (1) Nhu vdy, ndi dung yeu cdu vd su dyng BT cdn tudn thu nhung yeu cdu sau: kien thuc vd myc tieu gido dye ddt ddi vdi BT - Ndi dung BT phdi mang tinh khoa hoc, kien LS deu d muc dd cao han so vdi khd ndng hien thuc yeu cdu phdi hudng vdo nhung y chinh cua cd cua HS; cd tdc dyng rdt quan ddi vdi bdi, chuang hay cua khoa trinh, cdu hdi ngdn cdc nhiem vy cung cap kien thuc, hinh thdnh ki gqn, sue tich, tu ngu sdng de hieu vd hdp dan; - BT phdi phu hqp vdi khd ndng cua HS vd ndng vd gido dye HS: - BT LS giup HS ndm kien thuc bdi hoc tdt han cdc em se ty gidi quyet duqc bdng chinh sy no vd cd the duqc tien hanh trudc hodc sau gid hoc lyc cua bdn than; - Phdi dam bdo tinh he thdng ndi khoa Neu duqc hoan thdnh trudc gid hoc se vd tinh nhdt quan cua BT, cdc sy kien LS vdn dd giup cho qua trinh tiep thu kien thuc mdi tdt han nen nhung BT kieu thudng don gian, HS de * Truong THPT chuyen Ngoai ngur • Bai hoc Ngoai ngn -fiHQGHa Noi Tap chi Giao due so (ki • 5/201 n dugc trinh bay he thdng, sdp xep theo trinh ty thdi gian se tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec thuc hien cdc nguyen tdc cung nhu dam bdo tinh logic ciia cdc su kien hien tugng vd nhdn thuc HS; - BT phdi khai day tinh ddc lap, sdng tao, ren luyen kT ndng, kT xdo, khd ndng nghien cuu bd mdn; - BT phdi mang tinh ddc ddo, khong qua de hay qua khd, khong hdi mdt each chung chung, hodc chi yeu cdu hgc thudc, BT phdi ludn phdt huy dugc khd ndng tu cua HS Do ddc trung bd mdn md BT LS cd nhung ddc diem rieng biet Nhdn thuc LS dugc bdt ddu tu su tdi hien lai su kien, hien tugng LS Viec hgc tap LS phdi biet lua chon nhung van de ca bdn, net ddc trung de ndm bdn chdt rdi rut tinh quy ludt, nhung bdi hgc kinh nghiem vd van dung vdo thuc te cudc sdng Nhu the, gidi quyet BT LS, ke cd nhung BT dan gian cung ddi hdi be rdng, dd sdu, tinh logic vd phdi dam bdo cho su kien ludn ludn «song" Ben canh dd, BT LS cdn mang tinh truu tugng, khdi quat rdt cao, khong the tien hanh phong thi nghiem de kiem nghiem chan li, cung khong dugc van dyng cdc djnh li, li thuyet cd sdn de chung minh hay gidi quyet van de De tdi hien lai qua khu, hieu hien tai vd dy doan cho tuong lai ddi hdi sy no luc cao cua tu vdi kT ndng phdn tich, ddnh gid, lap ludn van de Ndi dung kien thuc phdn LS Viet Nam tu 1919 den 1930 (Lich su 12, ban ca bdn) khd phuc tap, tap trung phdn dnh nhung chuyen bien cua xd hdi viet Nam dudi tdc ddng cua cdng cudc khai thac thudc dja ldn hai cua Phap Nhung chuyen bien dd tao ca sd kinh te - xd hdi cho sy phdt trien cua nhung khuynh hudng each mgng mdi phu hgp vdi thdi dqi That bai cua Viet Nam Quoc ddn Ddng vd sy ddi cua Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam cung vdi hogt ddng tich cue cua Nguyin Ai Qud'c ndm 1930 dd chung td sy phu hgp, dung ddn cua dudng each mgng vd sdn md Nhd nude ta dd lua chgn Phdn cd the su dyng da dgng cdc logi BT, moi logi BT deu cd mdt uu the khdc Van dyng phong phu cdc logi BT khong Idm cho HS chan nan md cdn giup HS ndm bdi de han, hieu qua bdi hgc se cao han 1) BT ve lap nien bieu tong hgp thudng si) dyng cdc bdi sa ket, tong ket nhdm he thdng hda kien thuc Nien bieu tong hgp ve «Cdc sy kien quan trgng tu 1919-1930" Id mdt vi dy N ien bieu giup HS ndm dugc nhung sy kien quan theo thu ty thdi gian, qua dd HS d i nhdn mdi quan he cua cdc sy kien qua mdt thdi ki LS Nien bieu chuyen de di sdu vdo trinh bay ndi dung mdt vdn de quan ndo dd cua mot giai dogn nhdt djnh giup HS d l nhdn bdn chdt vdn de mdt each todn dien, day du, vi dy: «Sy phat trien cua khuynh huang each mgng vo san a Viet Nam den / 930" Logi nien bieu lap bang so sanh de ddi chieu cdc sy kien, hien tugng LS ldn cua cdc thdi ki, giai dogn each mgng Chang hgn, GV yeu cdu HS lap bdng so sanh nhung ndi dung chinh cua Chinh cuang sach luge vdt tdt Nguyin Ai Quoc sogn thao vd Lugn cuang chinh tri nam 1930 cua ddng chi Tran Phu Tu dd neu len sy van dyng sdng tgo chu nghTa Mdc - Lenin vdo thyc tien each mgng nude ta cua Nguyin Ai Qud'c cung nhu sy phu hgp, dung ddn cua Chinh cuang sach luge vdt tat 2) Huang dan HS each xay dyng, su dyng ban «Hanh trinh cuu nude cua Nguyen Ai Quoc" de ren luyen tinh kien nhan, kT ndng thyc hanh bd mdn vd cho HS mdt cdi nhin khdi quat nhdt ve hanh trinh tim dudng cuu nude cua Nguyin Ai Quoc Loai BT ren luyen cdc kT ndng xdy dyng, su dyng bdn do, sa do, dd thj, bieu dd LS phu hgp vdi myc dich minh hga hay cy the hda ndi dung kien thuc bdi hgc de HS de ddng ndm dugc nhung net chu yeu cdc sy kien, hien tugng, sy van ddng cua LS vd dgc trung khdi niem 3) Logi BT dgng cdu hdi nhdn thuc cd uu the viec ren luyen kT ndng viet, kT ndng dien dgt; dugc van dyng phd bien cho tung bdi, tung chuang hodc cd khoa trinh Nhung cdu hdi ddi hdi sy no lyc cao cua tu Id nhung cdu ddt yeu cdu phdn tich hay gidi thich De trd ldi dugc, HS phdi van dyng nhieu kT ndng nhu: each khdi quat vd lua chgn kien thuc phu hgp vdi ndi dung yeu cdu; each lap ludn, li gidi vdn de muon the, HS phdi ndm vung kien thuc li ludn Vi dy, hgc xong bdi «Phong trao ddn tdc ddn chu d Viet Nam tu nam 1925 den nam 1930" (Lich su 12, ban ca bdn), GV dgt cdu hdi: Tu phdn tich thai dd chinh tri cua cdc giai cap, tang lap xa hdi Viet Nam sau Chien tranh the gidi thu nhdt, hay neu y kien cua em ve viec xdc dinh lyc lugng each mgng cua Chinh cuang sach luge van tat vd Lugn cuang chinh tri thdng 10 ndm 1930 cua dong chi Tran Phu Vdi logi cdu hdi nay, HS (Xem tiep trang 23) Tap c h i Giao due so (ki - 5/2011) b) Danh gia ngoai: mdt nhom chuyen gia dugc uy quyen (cua nhd nuac hay hiep hoi cdc truang DH) tien hanh tham djnh tinh chinh xdc vd khach quan cdc vdn bdn bdo cdo ket qua tu danh gid cua nhd trudng theo cdc tieu chudn vd tieu chi danh gid CL dd ban hanh Danh gid ngoai Id mdt qua trinh nhdm Idm tang them gid trj cua ket qua ty danh gid, cdc chuyen gia tdt nhdt cung mdt hnh vyc chuyen mdn trien khai thyc hien Qua trinh danh gid ngoai nhdm Idm sang td them nhung van de chua dugc de cap day du bdo cdo ty danh gid vd nhdm tang them tinh gid trf cua chinh bdn bdo cdo ty danh gid c) Cong bd ket qua kiem dinh: cap chung nhdn ket qua kiem dinh vd cdng bd tren cdc phuang tien thdng tin dqi chung ket qua kiem djnh Neu cdc trudng DH quan tdm day du den cdng tdc kiem djnh vd danh gid CL gido dye thi viec ddi mdi QLCL gido dye mdi thyc sy dem lai hieu qua cao 2.3 Thuc hien viec phan cap mgnh me cong tac QLCL giao dye truang DH Cdn cd sy phdn cap manh me cdng tdc QLCL gido dye trudng DH, tren ca sd xdc djnh rd trdch nhiem cua Ban giam hieu nhd trudng, cdc phong ban, trung tdm, cdc khoa DT, giang vien QLCL gido dye Ddng thdi phdi xdy dyng he thdng vdn bdn chdt che, chi tiet ve chuc ndng, nhiem vy cua cdc phong ban, cdc khoa, trung tdm cdng tdc QLCL gido dye 2.4 Tin hgc hoa cong tac QLCL giao dye a truang DH De QLCL gido dye cdc trudng DH, nhdt Id ddi vdi cdc trudng dd chuyen sang DT theo he thdng tin chi khong the khong su dyng cdng nghe thdng tin Ngay bdt tay vdo xdy dyng phdn mem QLCL gido dye, nhieu trudng cd the chua hinh dung het cdc bdi todn cdn gidi quyet Trong qua trinh trien khai se phdt sinh hang logt nhung van de phdi tiep tyc hoan thien de Idm cho phdn mem QLCL gido dye ngdy cdng tien ich vd than thien han ddi vdi ngudi su dyng Tdm lgi: Ddi mdi QLCL gido dye Id mdt yeu cdu cap thiet ddi vdi cdc trudng DH nhdm ndng cao CL DT De viec ddi mdi cd hieu qua cdn thyc hien tdt cdc gidi phap dugc de xudt d tren • (1) Bp GD-DT Doi mdi quan li he thong giao due dai hoc giai doan 2010-2012 NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H.2010 (3) Pham Quang Huan Doi mai quan li chdt luong nhd trudng nhdm ndng cao chdt luang gido due Vietnamnet, 31/5/2010 (3) Pham Xuan Thanh Hai each tiep cdn danh gid chdt luang gido due dai hoc Hoi thao khoa hoc Danh gia chat luang giao due dai hoc, H 2005 ngudi td chuc, djnh hudng qua trinh nhdn thuc ciia HS, GV cdn kiem tra, danh gid ket qua BT phdt hien nhung uu, khuyet diem ciia HS, kjp thdi cd nhung dieu chinh phu hgp chudn bi cho phdi vdn dyng phdn kien thuc dd hoc d bdi trudc qua trinh nhdn thiic tiep theo dugc tdt han • de thdy dugc ddc diem, y thuc each mgng cua nam giai cap, tang lap xd hdi nude ta vd (1) Nguy5n Thi C6i - Pham Thi Kim Anh "Huang so sanh each xdc djnh lyc lugng each mgng cua d5n hoc sinh lam bai tap Ljch su" Tap chi Nghien Nguyen Ai Qud'c vd Tran Phu de thdy dugc sy ciiu gido due, so 6/1995 dung ddn cua Chinh cuang sach luge vdn tdt cung Tai lieu tham khao nhu nhung hgn che cua Lugn cuang thdng Mudi Nguyen Thi Coi - Trinh Dinh Tung - Lai Dire Thu Ddi vdi HS lap 12, nen tang cudng logi cdu hdi Tran Due Minh Ren luyen ki nang nghiep vu supham lien he thyc te, gop phdn hinh thdnh the gidi quan mon Lich su NXB Dai hoc supham Hd Noi 1995 khoa hgc, Idm cho bdi hgc trd nen sinh ddng, N G Dai ri Chuan bi giohoc Lich sunhuthe nao hap dan han (Ding Bich Ha - NguySn Cao Luy djch) NXB Gido *** due, H 1973 De tich cue hda hogt ddng hgc tap cua HS, cdn Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bien) Phuong phap day hoc su dyng phong phu, da dgng cdc logi BT BT cdng Ljch su Tap I, II NXB Dai hoc supham, H 2002 phong phu bao nhieu thi cdc hanh ddng cdng da Phan Ngoc Lien - Trjnh Dinh Tung (chu bien) Phat dgng bay nhieu Mud'n cd ki ndng mem deo, on huy tinh tich cue cua hoc sinh day hoc Ljch su djnh, van dyng dugc vdo cdc dieu kien khdc d truang trung hoc phd thdng Sach boi duang thuang cdng cdn tap dugt nhieu vd lien tyc Vdi tu each Id xuyen chu ki 1997-2000 NXB Gido due, H 1999 Tam quan (Tiep theo trang 46) Tap chi Giao due so 262