JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 61 69 M U C TIEU, SAM P H A M GIAO DUG v e i l VIEC X A Y D U N G VAN HOA HOC D U C J N G d T R U C J N G T R U N G HOC P H 6 T H O[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2009, Vol 54, No 8, pp 61-69 M U C T I E U , S A M P H A M GIAO D U G v e i l VIEC XAY D U N G VAN HOA HOC D U C J N G d T R U C J N G T R U N G HOC P H T H O N G HIEN NAY Le Quang Hifng Dai hoc Su pham Hd Ndi Md dau Trong bdi einh d i t nude ddi mdi, hdi nhap hien na}', nin gido due cung dd va dang chuyin minh manh me Vdn hda hpc dudng cd nhung biin ddng phQc tap, thu hut SQ quan tam rpng rai eua xa hdi vd khiin khdng ft ngudi lo ngai, ban khodn Hdn bad gid hit, xay dQng vdn hda hpc dudng nhdm ndng cao chit lupng, higu qua gidd due dupc dat mdt each cip thiit A4udn giai quyit diiu dd, trudc tign cin xac dinh rd rang cd sd II luan cua nd md mdt xuit phdt diim quan trpng la nmc tieu gidd due, hinh m i u san phim eua qua trinh gido due Bai viit mudn gop phin giai quyit cae vin di iy 2.1 N o i d u n g n g h i e n ciJu Khai niem van hoa hoc difdng Mudn xay dQng van hoa hpc dudng, trudc tign phii xac dinh rd khai niem nay, phai t r i ldi dung cau hdi nhQng nhan td nae tao nen nd TQng cc r i t nhiiu dinh nghia vi vdn hda noi chung, vi vdn hda hpc dudng ndi rieng day, chung tdi khdng ddt cho minh nhiem vu liet kg nhirng dinh nghia vi vdn hda ma xin chi nhin manh cae ddc diim ndi bat n h i t cua nd di tQ xay dQng khdi niem van hda hpc dQdng Tii diin triit hoc (MatxcPva, 1972) dinh nghia: "Vdn hda la toan bp cae gid tri vdt chit vd tinh t h i n da dQpc nhdn loai sang tao qua trinh hoat dpng thQc tiin Hch sQ - xa hdi" Tai lieu tdng kit thdp ki thi gidi phat triin van hda 1987 - 1997 cua UNESCO cung viit: "Vdn hda Id tdng thi cac hg thdng gia tri bad gdm cac mat tinh cim, tri thQc, vat chit, tinh thin cua xa hdi dd" Nhu vay, dae diim diu tien cin chu y cua van hca la tinh he thdng - tddn ven Dd la mpt he thdng gia tri va chuan mQe the hien treng mpi linh vUc eua ddi sdng xd hpi GiQa cac yiu td treng he thdng co mdi quan hg bien chQng Cung tQ cae dinh nghia vi van hda, chung ta nhdn ddc diim ndi bat nQa cua nd la tfnh hch sQ He thdng gid tri va ehuin muc phin anh trinh dp phdt 61 Le Quang Hung triin cua xa hpi ay, ddi tupng iy mpt khdng gian, thdi gian n h i t dinh Con ngudi la clui t h i cua van hda, ma ngudi - ban chit cua nd - la su tdng hda cac mdi quan he xa hpi Vi thi, vdn hda bad gid cung gdn vdi cac mdi quan he thi hien trinh dp nhdn thQc, thdi dp Qng xU, phUdng thQc hanh dpng cua cen ngudi ddi vdi cac hien tupng tu nhign va xa hpi, ddi vdi ngudi khac va vdi chfnh minh Y kiin cua cUu Tdng Gidm ddc UNESCO Federio Mayor theo chung tdi da tdm tat kha diy du ddc diim cua vdn hoa: "Vdn hda phan anh va t h i hien mpt each tdng ciudt vd sdng ddng mpi mat eua cupc sdng (eua mdi ca nhan va ea cdng ddng) da diin trdng qua kliQ cung nhu dang diin hien tai Qua hang bao thi ki, nd da ciu mpt he thdng eae gia tri, truyin thdng t h i m ml vd ldi sdng ma dua vao tQng ddn tpc tQ khdng dinh bin sde rigng cua minh" [2;100] Mdi td cliQc xa hoi diu ed van hda cua minh Nha trudng la mpt td chQc xa hdi CO nhiem vu giao due, dao tao nhung ngudi thed If tudng, muc tieu cua mpt thg che chfnh tri nhat dinh La khdng gian diin eae hoat dpng day - hpc, gide due eua mdt nha trudng, hpc dudng mang tfnh ddc lap tUPng ddi .lonh Dewey (1859 - 1952), mdt trdng nhQng dng td eua nin gidd due hien dai Hca Ki tQng eho rdng hoan einh xd bd eua mdi trUdng xa hdi, thi nha trUdng du sad vin la mpt moi trudng cc t h i kiim scat dupe mdt each tUdng ddi, trdng dd nhQng diiu kign cho sQ phdt triin cua ca nhan cc tac dung Idn viec dinh hudng eho ngudi, xa hpi sau Nhu the, vdn hda hpc dudng cc sU tUPng tae vdi mdi trudng xa hpi song eung CO tinh khu biet, sU han dinh cu thi Hiu hit nhQng dinh nghia vi van hoa hpc dQdng diu gap d nhan thQe "Vdn hda hpc dudng la tap hpp cdc chudn muc, gid tri va niim tin, cdc li nghi va nghi thQc, eae biiu tUdng vd truyin thdng tao "ve b i ngoai" cua nha trudng" (Kent D Preterson) "Van hda hpc dudng la mpt ciu true, mot qua trinh va biu khdng eua cac gid tri va ehuin mQc din ddt GV, HS din viec giang day va hpc tap cd hieu qua" (Stephen Stolp) [2;39] Nha trudng la mpt thiit ehi vdn hoa ddc biet cua mdt qudc gia Dd la ndi gin giQ, truyin thu vd phat huy he thdng gia tri tri thQc, tinh t h i n eua dan tpc, eua e i loai ngudi, ndi gidd due va dao tao nen nhung nhan each vdn hda theo mpt If tudng, niim tin nhat dinh Niu khai nigm van hoa gan vdi vige vun trdng, bdi dap thi nhd trUdng cd vai tro dae biet quan trpng d i m duong chQc ndng ay ddi vdi tQng ca nhdn Niu quan niem van hda hpc dirdng la mpt he thdng thi phai phan tfch dung ciu true cua he thdng ay Vay, van hda hpc dudng gdm nhQng td nao? Moi quan he giua nhQng td iy sad? - Lam nen van hda hpc dQdng trQdc hit la npi dung, kit qua nhan thQe ciia nhQng thdnh vien nha trQdng iy Qua trinh hoat dOng nha trirdng chinh la qua trinh eae vign td chQc dirpc va tu minh bd sung, tich luy, cung cd va nang cae nhan tliQc (tri thQc eae mat, hiiu biit vi cae vien khac va ve chfnh minh) Nhan thQc cd y nghia chi phdi, diiu chinh mpi hanh vi - Met td nua cua vdn hda hpc dudng la mdi quan he giua cae td chQc 62 Muc tieu, sdm, phdm gido due vdi viec xdy dung vdn hoa hoc dudng d trudng trung hoc he thdng nha trudng nhu Ding, chhih cjuven, cdng dodn, doan nien (mdi td chQe d i m dQdng nhiem vu cua minh thi ndo? Su phoi hpp, hpp tdc di cung hoan nhiem vu chung hieu q u i din dau?) - Thanh td quan trpng n h i t ciia van hda hpc dudng chfnh la thai dp, hanh vi Qng xU cua nhung vign nha trudng vdi mdi trudng tu nhign vd mdi trudng xa hpi Ddy chfnh la chd thi hien sinh ddng cua ndi dung, trinh dp nhan thQe, thg hien mdt edch true tiip, chan thuc chit lupng vdn hda hpc dudng Lam ngn mpt nha trudng bad gdm nhiiu phdn Ndi each khae, nha trudng la mdt he thdng, met ciu true bdi gdm nhiiu td ed mdi quan he bien chQng Quan he giua cae phin ddn vi nha trudng trudc hit Id quan hg hanh chfnh, nghia vu, nhung ddng thdi eung la quan he tinh cim Khi nao hai mat quan hg thdng nhit, nhuin nhuyin thi nha trudng trd mdt mdi trudng thudn lpi dg hddn cdc nhiem vu cao qui vd ndng ni eua minh Khai niem van hda hpc dudng eua chung tdi xdy dung xung quanh nhung quan he tUdng tdc bien chQng neu trgn Theo chung tdi, van hda hoc dudng Id he thong nhiing gid trj, chudn miic, nhiing bieu tuang, niim tin duac liinli thdnh vd cung co khdng gian nhd trudng, chi phoi •moi thdi dd, hd.nh ddng ciia cdc thdnh men dd Niu Iiy tQng thdnh phin nha trudng lam trung tdm (xuit phdt diim) thi tad ngn van hda hpc dudng gdm r i t nhiiu quan he sau: - TQ HS: quan he vdi thiy, cd gido, vdi ban be, vdi mdi trudng nha trudng vd vdi chfnh minh - TQ GV: quan he vdi HS, vdi ddng nghiep (bao gdm c i cae cip quan If), quan he vdi mdi trudng nhd trUdng va vdi chinh minh - TQ ngudi quin 11 (Ban giam hieu): quan he vdi G\, vdi HS, vdi nhau, vdi mdi trudng nha trudng vd vdi chinh minh Nhu vdy, d i xay dung vdn hda hpc dudng cin cd y thQc, su phin diu ddng be cua mpi thdnh vien Van hda hpc dudng gdn vdi dac digm, truyin thdng cua nha trudng, vdi mdi trudng dia phitdng No se soi bdng qua riliQng hinh anh gin gui md thigng lieng, nhQng ki nigm ddng nhd ma mdi thdnh vien mang theo sudt ci cude ddi TQ khdi niem vdn hda hpc dudng nhu trgn, chung ta nhdn t i m quan trpng ddc biet eua vige xay dung ehuin mue vdn hda hpc dirdng linh vUe gido duehien Nhiiu ngudi cho rdng xdy dung vdn hda hpc dudng la mpt giii phap ndng cao chit lupng giao due nhd trUdng Nghi t h i khdng sai Sdng mat khde eung cin thiy rdng van hda hoc dudng chinh la mdt biiu hien true tiip cua chit lupng gido due cua nhd trudng, cua qudc gia Rd rdng, mdt mdi trudng vdn hda tdt la diiu kien cin thiit d i cac thdnh vien dd cung phin dau hoan tdt nhiem vu cua minh NgUpe lai, chit lupng day va hpc, hieu q u i ciia qua trinh gido due cung tao ngn mdi trirdng vdn hda i}', dupc "hien hQu" sinh ddng dd Theo chung tdi, tinh hinh xd hdi nhiiu biin ddng, mdi quan he thiy - trd nhiiu xde trdn 63 Le Quang Hung hien nay, vin d i xdy dung mdi trQdng vdn hda hpc dQdng cang cd y nghia c i p thiet Kinh te thi trQdng dang lam xdi mdn nhiiu phudng dien dao dQc xa hpi ma nha trQdng cung anh hudng nghiem trpng Quan he t h i y - trd nhiiu noi, nhieu luc bi nhupm den Tinh trang bao iQc hpc dQdng sinh vdi nhieu hinh thQc:, co lue vUpt qua sQc tQdng tQpng Npi dung, phuong phap day - hpc ddi mdi ehua ddng dgu, hieu q u i chua e a c Hang leaf vin de dupc bad ehf, dupe du luan xd hoi neu hang ngdy Cung cin thiy day khdng ehi la vin de cua rieng giao due Viet Nam ma dang trd can chuyen ndng bdng cua khdng ft qudc gia khac Diiu dd p h i n dnh mdt su thirc cua phdt triin xa hpi: cac cap nhd trudng cin dupe cai td manh me bdi einh cua thdi dai kinh t i tri thQc, edng nghe thdng tin, thdi dai toan ciu hoa TQ ndm hpc 2008 - 2009 nganh gide due ehung ta chii trUPng ddy manh phong trdo xdy dQng md hinh nhd trudng thdn thien, hpc sinh tfch cQc cung la mpt biiu hien , eua ygu ciu thay ddi eo tinh thdi dai 2.2 M u c tieu, san p h a m giao due - m o t cd sd If luan va thxic t i i n eua viec xay du'ng van hoa hoe difdng d bac T H P T Vige d i x u i t nhQng chudn mQc van hda hpc dirdng se khdng cd y nghia neu khdng xde dinh diy du, dung ddn cd sd If luan, cd sd thirc tiin cua nd Trong thdi dai kinh t i tri thQe, thdi dai toan ciu hda hien nay, bdi canh d i t nUde doi mdi, hdi nhap vdi nhiiu diiu khdng h i ddn giin, gidd due nUdc nha dang dQng trQdc nhiiu vin d i b i bdn, ngdn ngang, hiin nhign chuyen xay dQng vdn hda hpc dudng cung phii nghign cQu, ban luan ki cdng Y thQc rd diiu nay, d day chung tdi xin bude d i u phdn tich met cd sd li luan va thuc tiin cd t i m quan trpng hang diu di xay dung vdn hda hpc dudng d bdc THPT 2.2.1 M u c tieu giao due, nhiem v u ciia nha triidng T H P T Cai cdeh giao due, hien dai hda gido due da va dang trd yen ciu cip bach qua trinh phat triin ciia d i t nUde, bdi canh thdi dai No lign quan din hang loat vin de ed tfnh hg thdng va hiin nhign ed nhQng vdn di, nhQng can chuyen vUpt khdi pham vi giao due Song edi gde cua mpi vin di, cai se chi phdi sU van hdnh eua e i he thdng chfnh la muc tigu giao due NhQng ndm gin day, nhiiu bai viit, nhiiu y kiin vi gido due hay dung cdc cum tQ quan niem gido due, tu gido due hay triet li gido due diu vdi nghia Mue tigu gido due se chi phdi each thQc td chQc, quin If cae nha trudng, ehi phdi npi dung, phUPng phap day - hpc, chudng trinh, sdch giao khoa v.v Khdi niem hien dai hda giao due cin dupe hiiu mdt each dung ddn, tudng tan Trong thdi dai phd biin cdc pliUdng tien kl thudt, bung nd cdng nghe thdng tin hien nay, khdng ft ngudi nghi r i n g sQ dung dupc nhiiu phudng tien tien tiin, may mde hien dai la hien dai hda qua trinh giac due Diiu r i t cin thiit nhung lai khdng phii la cd b i n Cai gde cua hien dai hca gidd due chfnh la thay ddi tu duy, xac dinh lai muc tigu, yeu can dac tad, la xdy 64 Muc tieu, sdm phdm gido due vdi viec xdy dung van hoa hoc dudng d trUdng trung hoc dung cac chuan mQc ciia sin phim qua trinh giao due theo ygu ciu cua thdi dai dang biin chuyin manh me Bdi t i m quan trpng nhu t h i nen "Triit If gidd due Viet Nam" da trd chu d i eua met Hpi thao qudc gia vac thdng ndm 2007 Luat gidd due eua nude ta (ban hdnh nam 2005) xac dinh: "Muc tieu gidc due la dad tad ecu ngudi Viet Nam phat triin tddn dien, cd dad dQc, tri thQe, sQc khde, t h i m mi va nghi nghiep, trung vdi If tudng dpc lap ddn tdc vd chu nghia xd hdi; hinh vd bdi duong nhan each, phdm chit vd nang luc cua edng dan, dap Qng ygu ciu cua su nghiep xdy dung va bio ve Td qudc" Ddy Id tU tudng chung, dinh hudng Idn ma can cu t h i hda, phdn tfch that sdng td tQng vi, tQng tQ va cin van dung thfch Qng tQng bac nha trudng Chdng han, dao dQc, tri thQc, sQc khde, t h i m ml, nghi nghigp cua ngudi Viet Nam phdt triin toan dign la gi? Trong thdi dai nay, nhdn each, pham chit, ndng luc cua mpt cdng ddn bae gdm nhQng gi de dap Qng ygu ciu cua sQ nghiep xdy dQng va bao ve Td qudc, ddu Id cdc vin d i quan trpng, cP bin hpn ci? Mdi bae nha trudng, mdi cap hpc cd vai trd, nhiem vu nhu t h i nao hudng tdi muc tigu gidd due chung? Tri thQc giac due cua nha trudng phii ed bin va hign dai, kit tinh dupc thdnh tuu vdn minh, khoa hpc ki thudt eua dan tdc va nhan loai Dao dQc, nhdn edch cua ngudi HS ma nhd trUdng gidd due, dao tao co nhiiu ygu ciu, nhung quan trpng n h i t dd la sdng ed If tudng, la tfnh trung thuc, Icng nhan ai, la tinh t h i n cdng ddng va y thQe tdn trpng phap ludt Ngudi HS cin cc mi cam pheng phu, dung dan va sang Sdng thdi dai kl nghe cQc ki phat triin hien nay, ngQdi cang cin phai cd tinh ygu thign nhign, tdm hdn nhay cam vdi cdi hay, cai dep cua van chudng nghe thuat, Idng cdm ghet nhQng dieu x i u xa va ygu chudng ehdn li, cang cin biit dau khd vd ygu thudng cung ddng Idai Nhd trUdng T H P T cd vai trd quan trpng viec hinh thdnh, bdi dudng nhQng phdm chit iy Cung vdi vdn tri thQe cin thiit, ngudi HS nha trudng phd thdng hien cin dupe ren luyen kl nang thue hanh, cin eo dinh hudng nghi nghiep dung vdi ndng, sd trudng cua minh Treng khd nhiiu ndng luc cua edng ddn ma nhd trUdng c6 nhiem vu hinh thdnh va bdi dudng hien cin nhin manh tfnh nang ddng, ndng luc tu chu, sdng tae cung lien kit nhdm, cdng ddng, ddc biet la k h i ndng thfch Qng vdi mdi trudng, vdi nhung biin ddi, ddi hdi eua xa hdi Cdc Mac tQng nci: "SQ phdt triin tu de eua mpt ngudi la dieu kien cho su phdt triin tQ eua t i t c i mpi ngudi" Met xd hpi mudn cd nhdn tai, mudn phdt triin thi Qng xQ phii ed tinh t h i n khoan dung vdn hda ddi vdi cdc khac biet cua ed nhdn, chQng mQc cae khac biet dd khdng vi pham tdi quyin ldi ehung cua xa hpi Do ddc diim IQa tudi, tdm - sinh If, mQc dp phat trign trf tug cua HS, nha trudng T H P T ed vai trd cue ki quan trpng viec thuc hien muc tigu gido due vdi nhQng diim md chung tdi mudn nhin manh trgn Trudc thim thign nign ki mdi, 65 Le Quang Hung tQ nam 1996, Uy ban Khoa hpc va Giao due cua UNESCO da cdng bd mpt bao eae, dd xac dinh mue tigu chung cua viec hpc t h i ki mdi phii la : 1) Hpc di biit, 2) Hpc d i lam, 3) Hpc de sdng, 4) Hpc d i eung chung sdng Qua day, chung ta cang thiy ro vin d i kl nang thuc hanh, nghe nghiep, van d i kha nang thfch Qng va ki ndng sdng dQpc d i cao nhQ t h i nao d eon ngQdi giQa thdi dai Nhung tri thQe biit chi cd gia tri qua trinh lam, dupc van dung d i lam Biit va lam nham d i sdng va sdng thdi dai la biit thfch nghi, biet cung chung sdng (vdi mdi trUdng, vdi eOng ddng) Di sdng, d i phat triin mpt t h i ki biin ddng phQc tap, tham ehf dQpc dQ bdo ed ldm ddi thay bat dinh, ngQdi cin phai bdi dQdng, ren luyen eac phdm chit, ndng luc quan trpng va nha trUdng cd sQ menh cao quf, nhiem vu nang n i viec Khdng nhan thQc rd muc tieu nghia la t h i p vai tro eua gido due, la vd tinh khudc tir nghia vu vinh quang cua j, met linh vQc, mpt nghi dupc khdng dinh la qudc sdch hang diu C i n thiy ring trpng tam cua mue tieu giao due dupc n h i n manh nhu trgn la tu tirdng Idn cua nhiiu nin giao due, la vin d i chung cua nhiiu qudc gia bdi einh thdi dai Chung tdi xin trfch d i n day miy doan bQc thu cua Tdng thdng Cong hoa Phap Nicolas Sarkozy gui cdc nha giao nhan ngdy khai trudng dau tign kg tQ dng dQpc b i u lam Tdng thdng (ngdy thang nam 2007) de chQng minh rdng tu tudng gide due cimg trd thdnh vin d i dang quan tdm cua nin giao due Phap: "Muc dfeh giao due khdng phai la tQ thda man vdi chut xfu "muc tigu" i n dinh sdn, cung chdng phii la dim chit dQa tre treng Idp sdng vd van kiin thQc, khiin cac em chdng edn hdi sQc ma chiim linh ndi chut kiin thQe gi Muc dfeh la ed gdng dua lai cho tQng em cdi tri thQc tdi da ma ede em ed thg nhan dupc bdng each thue ddy manh me hit sQc long ygu thfch tU hpc, tfnh td mo vd diu 6c edi md eua cac em, long ua gdng sQc eua cdc em Long tu trpng se phai la ddng luc ehinh cua mdt nin gidd due nhu vay Dua lai eho tQng em nhd, eho mdi thiiu nien cua d i t nude ehung ta long tu trpng bang each giup eac em kham pha thiy minh co tai ndng, giup cac em kha ndng hoan cai diiu ma trudc cac em cQ nghi la minh khdng sad hddn ndi, dd la quan nigm cua tdi vi cai triit If lam nin cho cdng cuoc cii td nin giao due ciia chung t a Nen giao due cua ehung ta cin phii bdt thu dpng di, bdt may mde di No cung cin giam bdt cai vi trf thudng dem ddt ciua cao cho hpc thuyit, cho If luan, cho tfnh trQu tQpng, nhQng thQ khdng dQpc tiep nhan va khdng hpp vdi nhQng dang trf khdn nao Ta cin ddnh vi trf Idn hon nQa eho quan sat, thQe nghiem, biiu dat va Qng dung Tdi thuc sQ tin rdng theo each dd chung ta se lam eho sd dong em ta ed hQng thu hpc hanh nhiiu hpn, va ti le t h i t bai hpc hanh do se thu hep l a i " [3;593] NhQng vin d i tren, thed ehung tdi, cdng cc y nghia bQe thiit ddi vdi nin giao due Viet Nam - nen giac due ndng kinh nghiem "hpc gao", thign ve eung cap, nhdi 66 Muc tieu, sdm phdm gido due vdi viec xdy dUng vdn hoa hoc dudng d trUdng trung hoc nhet kiin thQc ma xem nhe phat triin tQ dpc lap, tinh t h i n sang tae, khdng chu trpng ki ndng thue hdnh 2.2.2 "Hinh m i u " ngUdi ma nha trUdng T H P T hifdng tdfi Md hinh If tudng se qui dinh vat lieu, chdt lieu eung qui trinh, phudng phdp kiin tad Phat triin cu t h i thgm budc nQa, "hinh miu" cen ngudi md nhd trudng THPT nhdm hudng tdi sad? TQ trudc tdi nay, dudng ldi gide due cua chung ta ludn nhin manh dad tao ngudi vQa hdng vQa chuyen, ludn khdng dinh cen ngudi phat triin toan dien (mdt thdi chung ta hay dung cac tQ dQc, tri, thi, mi) Dd Id quan diim hit sQc dung ddn vd hien dudng nhien da, dang cin phii ki thQa Vin di la cin phat triin, ldm sdng td cac khai niem, cdc phim chit dd eho phu hpp vdi ygu ciu cua thdi dai mdi Nhin mpt each khdi qudt, he thdng giao due t h i ki XX la he thdng dupc xdy dung di dap Qng yeu ciu cua ki nguygn cdng nghigp cd diin Sang thi ki mdi (that da tQ thap nign cudi cung cua thi ki XX) ca t h i gidi dQng trQdc ygu ciu xay dung hg thdng gide due va dae tad thfch Qng vdi doi hdi cua ki nguyen thdng tin va tri thQc Ngay tQ d i u thdp nign 90 eua t h i ki trudc, td chQe UNESCO da nhin manh yeu ciu cai each gide due: Thdi dai mdi ddi hdi cen ngudi phii cd each nhin mdi, cdeh nghi mdi va nhQng kiin thQe, ki ndng mdi eua chfnh thdi dai minh Vdi t i m nhin chiin lupc va nhQng suy nghi tdm huyit, Dai tudng Vd Nguyen Gidp tQng khdng dinh: "Ddi mdi tddn dign, sdu sac, trigt di co tfnh each mang nin gido due va ddo tao Id mdt diiu kien tign quyit di dua nude ta tiin len nhanh vd vQng tren cen dQdng hien dai hoa d i t nudc, hpi nhap qudc t i va sanh vai cung eae qudc gia tign tiin trgn t h i gidi ki nguygn thdng tin va tddn ciu hda" [1;21] Cung trdng bdi viet Dai tudng ngu len nhQng ddc diim cua mdi cen ngudi md nin giao due hien dai phai ddo tao dupc : 1) NhQng higu biit vd cam thu sdu sde ddi vdi nhQng tinh hoa cua truyin thdng vdn hda ddn tdc; 2) NhQng kiin thQe khoa hpc vd cdng nghe hien dai; 3) Ndng luc tu ddc lap tren cd sd kit hpp tu khca hpc vdi phUPng phap tU hg thdng, tU phQc hpp, di cd k h i ndng sdng va heat dpng mdt each linh hoat, sang tao treng mdt t h i gidi phQc tap, diy nhQng bit dinh vd ddi thay, dan xen nhung thdeh thQe va ed hdi Thed chung tdi, day la cac dinh hudng r i t rd rang, sang sudt cua mdt vi lanh tu - nha vdn hoa ludn "nhip budc eung thdi dai" Nhu thi, cdi dQc d ngudi HS nha trUdng hien khdng ehi nhu quan niem truyin thdng md phai dupe bd sung, thay ddi Vin la Idng ygu Td qudc, yeu ddng bae, vin Id tinh t h i n tUdng than tUdng ai, thai dp ngean ngoan, li phep, trung thuc nhung lai cung r i t cin long ham thfch cdi mdi, tinh t h i n tim toi, sdng tao, rit cin tfnh nang dpng d i thfch Qng vdi biin ddi, ddi hdi eua cude sdng, xa hdi Xd hdi hien va tUPng lai chdc ring khdng cin ngUdi ngdan ngodn chip thuan mpt chiiu, "chi dau danh diy" ma cin dupc xdy dung, phat triin bdi nhQng cen ngUdi biet tu doe lap, dam phe phan, khat khao sang tae Cai trf d ngudi HS mdi 67 Le Quang Hung cung vay Nd phii bad gdm kiin thQc khea hpc va cdng nghe hien dai Nd cdn la kha ndng tQ hpc khdng ngQng d i khdng ngQng phat triin D i u dc khdng phai nhu cai bd chit chQa, nhdi nhet nhQng tri thQc tinh, xd cQng md quan trpng hpn la phupng phdp tu duy, ndng lue van dung, each thQc thQc hanh Ndi each khac, cai tri thQc dupc biit phai tri thQc d i lam, d i sdng Gid day, ehung ta dang de cao nhiem vu giao due ki ndng sdng cua nha trudng Mpt nin gido due tao nhQng sin phim ddng loat, nhQng rdbdt thed lap trinh ed sdn se khdng t h i nao dap Qng dQpc ddi hdi cua thdi dai SQ bao mon cd tinh la dirdng ngdn n h i t di giet chit tai nang Can phai biit chip nhdn, biit khuyin khfeh nang lue, sd trudng, sd thich ca nhdn diiu kien chung khdng pha vd qui chudn, qui chi Tiic thay, khdng phai khdng eon nhung ngudi, vi ede li khde, d cae mQe dp, bigu hien khac nhau, chua "gidc ngp" diy du diiu iy Thuc chit, dd la thai dp bid thii, sQ ngu qugn giQa luc xa hdi biin ddi ghg gdm, la hanh dpng "mu ni che tai" dg ciu an, dg dupc vd sU Trdng ban kiin nghi vi chin hUng, cai each, hien dai hda gido due cua tap thg ddng d i e cdc nha khoa hpc, nha giao due eo uy tfn tQ cupc Hdi thao d Hd Ndi ngdy thdng ndm 2004 cd ddan: "Di xdy dung lai gidd due tQ gde, trQdc hit cin thay ddi tQ giao due, xac dinh lai quan nigm ve muc tieu, yeu ciu dao tae vd chQc ndng cua nha trudng, tQ dd mdi thiy rd cin thay ddi cung each day va hpc, thay ddi npi dung, phudng phap, td chQc quan If gido due nhu t h i nao d i dat dupe muc tigu Ngn seat lai d i dQt khoat tQ bd dae tao nhQng m i u ngudi ehi biit ngoan ngoan chip hanh, quen dQpc d i n ddt, bao cip ca vi tQ va hanh ddng hdn Id biit suy nghi ddc lap vd tu chiu trach nhiem C i n cei trpng ren luyen cac p h i m chit dao dQc CP b i n eua ngudi hien dai cd ea tfnh nhung bao dung, biit giao tiip va hpp tdc, biit lam viec ed hieu qui, cd tu cdi md vdi edi mdi, thfch din than, khdng ngai duong d i u vdi thdeh thQc, khd khdn, sdn sang chip nhan mao hiim vi muc dfeh Idn, va n h i t la trung thuc va cd d i u dc sdng tao, la nhQng dQc tfnh tdi cin thiit ddi sdng xa hdi hign dai Ddng thdi cin quan tdm din gidc due t h i m ml, gide due cam xuc, dae tao toan dien cen ngudi co tam hdn va t h i chit khde manh." [l;34-35] Lign quan tdi viec tdn trpng nhdn cdeh dec lap, ren luyen nang luc sang tao cho ngudi hpc, eung tQng co nhQng y kiin ban vi each xung hd nha trUdng d bdc nao nen dung thiy (ed) - cen, thiy (ed) - em, d bdc ndd thi d i hpc sinh, sinh vign xung "tdi" Do la ehuyen cung nen thdng n h i t , nen "qui ehuin" Nhu vay, sin phdm gido due la ngudi "Hinh m i u " eon ngudi ma nha trudng T H P T cin dae tao bao gdm nhiiu tieu chudn, nhiiu phdm chit Trong do, chung tdi thiy cin n h i n manh eac ddc diim sau: - Vdn tri thQc khoa hpc phong phu, hien dai - Tinh t h i n cdng ddng, thai dp hpp tac eung tQ ddc lap, nang IQC sang tac - Kha ndng thfch Qng vdi nhung ddi thay, van dpng nhanh chdng cua xa hpi, kl nang giii quyit cac vin d i sinh dOng cua thuc tiin ddi sdng 68 Muc tieu, sdm phdm gido due vdi viec xdy dung vd.n hoa hoc dudng d trudng trung hoc - DQc tinh trung thuc, Idng nhdn - Biit phdt hien dung sd trudng, kha ndng cua ca nhdn vd bude diu co phudng phdp ren luyen d i vi sau tiip tue thee hpc d bdc eae hdn vd tu hpc, tQ dd cc diiu kien dong gdp cd higu q u i che cdng ddng, cho xd hdi TQ muc tieu gido due, tQ hinh anh ngudi HS ma sU nghigp ddi mdi giao due, dao tao nhdm hudng tdi nhu trgn, nhiiu vin di Idn qua trinh day va hpc, treng qua trinh gide due tat yiu dupc ddt NhQng chiiu quan he tae ngn vdn hda hpc dudng nhu da trinh bay tQ day eung cin nhin nhdn vd xQ ly khdng hodn toan nhu trUdc NhQng vin d i iy chung tdi se tiip tue bdn luan treng cae bai viit khde Ket luan Xdy dQng vdn hda hpc dQdng la mdt vin di cip thiit thudc dQdng ldi giao due treng thue tiin phat triin cua xa hdi ehung ta hign Dg thuc hien diiu ndy, su t h i m nhuin vd van dung dung ddn muc tigu gido due eo y nghia quan trpng Bdi viit ngu Ign met y kiin vdi mdng mudn cdc nhd quan ly gide due, ban dpc rpng rai cung thao luan • TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O •:• ^ [1] Nhiiu tac gia, 2007 Nhung vdn di gido due hien nay, quan diim vd gidi phdp Nxb Tri thQc, Ha Npi [2] Nhiiu tae gii, 2007 Xdy dUng vdn hda hoc dudng- gidi phdp ndng cao chdt luang gido due nhd trudng (Ky yiu Hdi thao khoa hpc, Vign Nghign cQu Su pham, Dai hpc Su pham Hd Ndi) [3] Pham Tddn, 2008 Hap luu cdc ddng tdm ly hoc gido due, Nxb Tri thQc, Ha Ndi ABSTRACT Educational goals, education outcome and building up culture in high schools at present Te build up culture in schools is an urgent issue in our national education development at present To carry this out, we should start from educational objectives and expected education outcomes In high school students should be equipped with comprehensive knowledge, creativeness, life skills and ability te adopt te dynamic changes in life They are foundations to improve the process of education and training 69 ... la tfnh trung thuc, Icng nhan ai, la tinh t h i n cdng ddng va y thQe tdn trpng phap ludt Ngudi HS cin cc mi cam pheng phu, dung dan va sang Sdng thdi dai kl nghe cQc ki phat triin hien nay, ngQdi... ddi sdng 68 Muc tieu, sdm phdm gido due vdi viec xdy dung vd.n hoa hoc dudng d trudng trung hoc - DQc tinh trung thuc, Idng nhdn - Biit phdt hien dung sd trudng, kha ndng cua ca nhdn vd bude diu... tdi, tinh hinh xd hdi nhiiu biin ddng, mdi quan he thiy - trd nhiiu xde trdn 63 Le Quang Hung hien nay, vin d i xdy dung mdi trQdng vdn hda hpc dQdng cang cd y nghia c i p thiet Kinh te thi trQdng