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KHOA H O C C O N G NGHE 01 Cof hoi va thach thiJc cho cac trtfofng dai hpc va cof s6r dao tao nganh Giao thong van tai khi thanh lap AEC • PGS TS NGUYEN BA HOANG Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thdng vgn tai TP H[.]
KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE 01 Cof hoi va thach thiJc cho cac trtfofng dai hpc va cof s6r dao tao nganh Giao thong van tai t h a n h lap AEC • PGS TS NGUYEN BA HOANG Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thdng vgn tai TP Hd Chi Minh T d m tat: Theo Nghf quyit cua lanh dgo cic nUdc ASEAN ngiy 20/11/2007 tgi Singapore, din thing 12/2015, Cdng ddng Kinh ti ASEAN (AEC) se dugc thinh igp, sdm hdn ki hogch dtf tinh trudc day vio nam 2020 Day [a cgng ding kinh ti thtf sau Lien minh chiu Au EU Cgng dong kinh ti ASEAN li mgt ba trg cdt chinh ma cic nudc ASEAN dang htfdng tdi dd li Cgng ddng kinh te, Cong ddng Van hda - Xa hgi va hgp tic siu rgng ve an ninh - chinh tri giij'a 10 ntfdc ASEAN Ttf nam 1993, Khu vtfc ThUdng mgi ttf ASEAN (AFTA) di dtfgc thinh lap bao gom nhdm cic nudc ASEAN-6 (Singapore, Malaysia, Thii Lan, Philippines, Indonesia va Brunei) Vigt Nam nim trang nhdm gia nhap sau gam nudc thinh viin mdi cd kinh ti chgm phit trien hdn li Campuchia, Lao, Myanmar vi Viet Nam Cgng dong AEC dugc lap se li cd hdi vi thich thtfc nin kinh ti cua Vigt Nam dd cd thj trudng lao dgng vi nguon nhin Itfc Oay cung chlnh li cd hgi vi thich thtfc cho stf phit trien cua cdng tic dao tgo tgi cic trudng dgi hgc, cao ding va cic cd sd dio tga nghi nhim dip tfng nhu cau lao dgng xu the hgi nhap siu rgng cda khu vtfc Bii viit tdm tit cic diim chinh vigc thinh lap AEC vi cic cd hdi va thich thtfc, cic giai phip theo phan tich cua tic gia, cho stf ning cao chit Itftfng dio tgo ngudn nhan Itfc tgi cic trudng dai hgc, cao dang nganh GTVT ndi chung vi TrUdng Dgi hgc GTVT TP Hd CM Minh ndi riing dip tfng nhu cau hgi nhap TQ khda: AEC, cdhgi, thich thtfc, giai phap ning cao chit lugng dia tao Abstract: According to the decision of the leaders of ASEAN countries dated 20/11/2007 in Singapore, in December 2015 the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) will be established, five years earlier in compared with former plan, which stated in year 2020 The AEC is the second larges economic union after European Union EU Ttie AEC is one of three main columns, the ASEAN countries try to establish which are Economic Community, Cultural and Social Community and strong cooperation in political and security matters between 10 ASEAN countries Since 1993, ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) was established, including the ASEAN-6 group (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Brunei) Vietnam are the country in the group of newfy joint country members, the group included lower economical developing countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam) When AEC established, there are the opportunities and challenges for Vietnam economy included labor market and human resources, and also there are opportunities and challenges for the devefopment of the education and training in colleges and universities, vocational colleges in order to meet demand of tabor in the strong integration of the area In this paper we summarized main points of the process by establishing of AEC, opportunities and challenges, solutions, according to the author, for better qualities education of human resources in colleges, universities in Transport section generally and the Ho Chi Minh university of transport particularly Keywords: AEC, opportunities, challenges, solution for better qualities education Cong ddng Kinb te ASEAN (AEC) Nam 2003, tgi Bali (Indonesia), Hdi nghi ThQdng dinh ASEAN da hogch dinh tam nhin A S E A N 2020 bao gdm Irg cdt chinh la Cdng ddng An ninh - Chinh tri ASEAN (APSC), Cdng dong Kinh te ASEAN (AEC) vd Cdng dong Van hda - Xd hdi ASEAN (ASCC), dd q u y l t dinh Cdng ddng Kinh te ASEAN (AEC) se dupe thdnh lap vao 2020 Tuy nhidn, ngdy 20/11/2007 85 KHOA HOC - CdNG NGHE tgi Singapore, de day nhanh qua trinh hdi nhap giQa cdc nudc khu vUc, cde nha lanh dao dd thay doi quyet dmh day nhanh qua trinh Ihdnh tap Cdng ddng Kinh t l ASEAN vdo nam 2015 nham nhanh ehdng nang eao nang iQc cgnh tranh cija ca khdi ASEAN trudc s u ldn manh cija kinh te Trung Qud'c Cac nudc ASEAN XJiom Smpapore Dien tich (km=) Dan so (ngirtri) GDP (tyUSD) 707 4.S39.400 Malaysia 329.847 28.200.000 Thai Lan 513.115 63.389.730 365,564 300.000 1.904.569 92.226.600 230.130.000 250,436 878,198 Philippines Mdonesia 276,520 303,527 Bnmei Nliom2 Viet Nam 5.765 490.000 16,628 331.690 89.5''1.130 138,071 Lao 236.800 Campuchia 181.035 6.320.000 13.388 910 14,241 Myanmar Tong 9,217 676.578 50.020.000 ^3,140 4.480.106 485.589.660 2.305,542 Nguin: To chtfc tien ti the gidi, 2012 (International fVlonetary Fund, 2012), din 2014 thi Viit Nam da co si dan tren 90 trieu ngudi AEC lao m d i n i n sdn xud't va thi trudng lhd'ng nhdl cua gan 500 tneu ddn vdi GDP dgt hdn 2.300 ty USD vdi dien tieh gan trieu km^ dat l i l n va m d i khu vgc b i l n va t h i m lgc dja rdng tdn Udc tinh tdi ndm 2019 thi tong ddn so khu vpc ten tdi 670 trieu ngudi va GDP gan 3.800 l ^ USD T»n mine Dan so GDP (Tilfii (Tileii nprdi) — 1 ngirol a'SD) J.SE4.\ 6*0."1 3.-51.1- ^Indonesia , 266,1J 1J51.87 S38 , ^"iMalayaa 32.?9 538.028 1641?' ^PIliliDDin 107.63 5:2-3"l I ^^Tlmilimd •^ """-linEannr 6S.94 _ 491.520 • 5.59J 757 7023 5S9 J ' S 191 65 790 97 10 240 185 780 kjMvBnmai 7175 96891, 1325 Bicambodi 16.19 26J92 1614' IIL.,.- 10 86 USD) GDP Dvietnam RniiwL 6.^? 1SS98 2493 0.44 18 890 42.313 Nhu vdy, s d ddn khu vQe A S E A N hien tUdng dUdng v d i Lidn minh chau A u ( EU European Union) hi^n v d vdo nam 2020 se tdn hdn nhieu s d d d n c u a Lien minh chdu A u , nhien tong G D P c a e nudc A S E A N eh? bang khoang 13% long G D P hidn eua Lidn minh chdu A u Theo nhgn dinh c u a mdt s d ehuyen gia kinh l l , qua trinh hdi nhdp, A S E A N da nhdy v p l tQ nac lhang hien la Khu vQc IhQdng mgi tQ ASEAN (AFTA) ten nac thang Lien minh Kinh te A E C , m d i bQdc ehuyen d l i ma Lidn minh chau A u (EU) da c a n dd'n 50 n d m Trdn thgc t l lheo nhQng cam k e l d a dupe edng b d , AEC mdi chi VUdt qua dupe mQc Lien minh thue quan va ed m d t s l y l u Id c u a thj trudng chung, ehua cd chfnh sdch kinh l e ehung va eung chQa ed cac cd quan lien qude gia nhu EU Vi vdy, khdi mem Cdng ddng Kinh te khac v d i mdt Lien minh Kinh le Lidn minh chdu A u v d ed l h i ASEAN se khdng tap lgi m d hinh c d ddng lien chung cua EU Hpi nhgp nganh GTVT K l t u ddi m d i n i n kinh te (1986) den nay, Vidl Nam ndi chung v a ngdnh GTVT ndi rieng da vd dang chu d d n g , lfch cQe thQc hidn qua lrinh hdi nhdp l