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DrtN DAN GIAO DUC Giao due dai lipc vii viec pliat trien cliit I M ) n''''guOii nhin lire i''''Viet Nam liien nay '''' TSHATRQNGTHA'''' ^H 35 yc Trong giai doan hien nay, vifle xae dinh dung va huy dpng cd Meu qu[.]
DrtN DAN GIAO DUC Giao due dai lipc vii viec pliat trien cliit I M ) n'guOii nhin lire i'Viet Nam liien ' 35- yc TSHATRQNGTHA' T rong giai doan hien nay, vifle xae dinh dung va huy dpng cd Meu qua d c nguon luc d y ngMa to Idn dii vdi viec thuc Men chie'n lupe phat triin cua mfli qud'e gia, ddn tdc Nguon luc la todn bd d e yeu td vdt chd't va tinh thin ed nai^ tao siic manh ting hpp, thiic diy qua trinh van ddng, phat trifl'n eua su vdt Men tupng, cua tu nMfln va xa hdi Trong cae ngufl'n luc tM nguin nhdn luc cd vai trb quyfl't dinh Khai luan ve ngu6n nhdn luc Thudt ngu "ngudn nh&n luc" (Human resources) dupe xud't hien vdo thap nifln 80 cua thiky XX kM ed su thay dd'i cdn ban vi phuong thiic quan ly, su dung ngudi boat dpng kinh tfl' Neu nhu trudc dd, phuong thiic quin tiri nguon nhdn luc bdng each coi ngum lao dpng la luc luong thtra hanh, phu thupc, d n khai thae td'i da siie lao ddng cua hp vdi ehi phi td'i thifl'u Tir dd dfl'n nay, phuong thiic quin ly nguin nhdn lire, nhd vay, cang mim deo hon, Hnh boat hon, tao diiu kifln to't hon de ngudi lao dpng cd the phat huy miic eao nhdt eac nangtifl'mtang, vdn cd eua hp thflng qua qua trinh lao ddng sang tao Cd thi ndi • Trudng Dai hoc An nmh nhan dSn 84 ^H su xua't Men cua thudt ngu "nguin nhdn luc" la mdt nhung bifl'u hifln eu thi cho su thdng thi cua phirong tbiic quan ly mdi doi vdi phuong thiie quan Iy cii viee su dung nguon luc ngudi Men Nguflnnhdn luc khac vdi nguonluc tunMfln, ngud'n luc vat chd't, nguin luc eflng nghe, la eho, qua trinh van ddng, phat trifl'n nd ludn chiu su tac ddng cua nhung quy Mat sinh - tii: tunMfln va ci nhiing quy Mat xd hpi CMnb vi vay, nguin nhdn lire la mpt khai niflm rat phiic tap va duoc tie'p d n ngMfln cuu dudi nMiu gde dp khac theo do'i tupng va muc tieu cua eae nganh khoa hpe ddc thu Cbo den nay, cd nMiu dinh ngMa "nguin nhan luc" dd dupe di xud't vd luu hanh rdngrai otrfln thigidi va d Viet Nam Macdii d nMiu diem tuong ding va khae Met nhiing dinh nghia dd, song chiing deu da de cdp de'n eac dac trung nhusau: mdt Id, so lupng nguin nhdn luc (d bao nMflu ngum va se ed them bao nMflu nua tuong lai); hai la, chat lupng nguin nhan luc (tri tug, trinh dp, su hifl'u Mfl't, dao due, ky ndng, siie khoe, ndng luc tham my )cua ngudi lao dpng; ba ^d, eo cau nguin nhdn luc (nhuco cau ve chuyen nganh,ti-mhdd dupe dao tao, dd tuii, gidi tinh, co cd'u vi phdn bfl' ) DIEN DAN GIAO DUC Cd thi thd'y, silupng, co cd'u va chd't lupng nguin nhdn luc cd quan he vdi mdt each chat che Nfl'u silupng ngufl'n nhan luc qua it, co ca'u khdng hpp ly se gay khd khan cho phdn cflng lao ddngxd hfli vd vdy, chit lupng lao ddng ciing bi ban chfl' Chat lupng nguon nhdn luc dupe ndng eao se gdp phin lam giim si nguoi boat dpng mflt don vi sin xua't, kinh doanh bay giim so ngudi boat dflng mflt t i cbiic xa hpi, ding thm, ciing tao difl'u kien ndng cao hiflu qui boat dong cua mot tap the ngudi lao dpng san xud't, boat dpng xa hpi Trong md'i quan bfl nay, chat lupng nguin nhdn lue ddng vai trb quyfl't dinh Bdi vi, chd't lupng ngufln nhdn lue la tfl'ng hop nhung phd'm ebdt, nang luc va siic manh cua ngudi hifln cd thuc tfl' vd dudi dang tiim ndng, dang va se tham gia vdo qua trinh cdng nghiep hda Men dai hda va bfli nhdp quoc tfl' Nd bieu hifln chu yfl'u tren cac mat tutuong cM'nh tri, dao diic, ld'i sd'ng, trinh dd chuyfln mfln nghiep vu, siic khoe, miie dp hoan nhiflm vu su khai thae, su dung, CM'nh nhd nguin nhdn lire vdi sue luc vd tri tue cua minh lam cho nguin lue tunMfln va eac nguon luc khac dupe khai thae va phat huy Mflu qui Vdi tu each la khach the', nguon nhdn luc trd dd'i tupng khai thae, su dung, diu tu va phat trifl'n Khdi quat ve chat luang nguon nhdn lure a nuac ta hien Cd the ndi rang, phat buy tri tue va tay nghe eua ngud'n nhan lue Viflt Nam hifln Id khdu dot pha nhdm thuc Men thdng lpi muc tiflu chie'n lupc phat trie'n kinh te - xd bdi; dim bao di tdt, ddn dau, chd'ng nguy CO tut hdu, nit ngdn dupe khoang dch ve su phat trien so vdi eac nude khu vuc vd trfln t h i gidi Cung vdi nhiing tuu to Idn qua trinh doi mdi Ding vd Nha nude ta da ludn quan tdm dfl'n phat trifl'n nguon nhdn luc; diu tu manh vao "vd'n eon ngum" va dat dupe kfl't qui quan trpng Trinh dd ddn tri, chat luong va tinh nang dpng ciia xa bfli cua nguon nhan luc Nhu vay, nguon nhdn luc khdng phii Id su cpng lai dupe tang len dang ki Trinh dd ddn tri, vfl'n tri thuc gian don cac ea nhan vdi nhung phd'm chd't, nang lue va tay nghe Viet Nam mpt nang cao va dup'c cua hp ma la ting hpp cac yfl'u to so lupng, co cau va phat huy, la cMa khda chie'm linh nhung dinh cao cua cha^ lupng ngudi: tutudng, dao diic, Ifl'i sfl'ng, trmh khoa hoc, ky thuat va cong nghe tren dmmg phat dp, siic khoe gdn ket vdi trongmpt he tho'ng xa trie'n, la yfl'u to quan trpng de tdng trudng kinh tfl', gdp hpi, hoat dflng ed mue dich, tao siic manh td'ng phin giii viing va on dinh chinh tri, dam bao trdt tu hpp, Id su cpng hudng siic manh cua mdi ca nhan va an toan xa hdi, cung co an ninh qudc phdng vd kifln cflng ding Moi ye'u to' cd vi tri, vai trd nhdt dinh dinh dirong xa hpi cbu ngMa nude ta Thanh tuu d u tnic cua nguin nhdn Mc, song giiia chiing cd md'i trfln ddy bat nguon tu: chu truong diing ddn eua Ding quan he bifln ehiing, tao suphat trien bfl'n viing cua va Nha nude ta ve phat huy tri tufl va tay nghi cua nguin nhdn luc Quan difl'm toan difln, quan diim lich nguin luc eon ngudi Viflt Nam trfln cosd coi phat trien su - eu the va quan die'm phat trie'n cua phep Men giao due vd dao tao nguin nhdn lue Id qud'e sach bdng chiing vdt yflu ciu phii xem xet mat so lupng, co dau cd'u va ci chd't lupng eua nguin nhdn luc md'i Hien nay, ndng eao ndng suit, hiflu qua va sue Hen hfl, tae ddng Idn giiia chung; dong thm, cdng canh tranh d a nin kinh tindi chung, eua nguin nhdn phii xem xet mflt each bifln ehiing d trang thai tinh luc ndi riflng Id yflu ciu rd't biie bach vd eiing la thach Idn trang thai dpng, trang thai hien thuc hda kha thiic to Idn do'i vdi nude ta Boi vi, nhOng ban che cua nang ciing nhu can tMe't phai phan tieh vi tri, vai "tbi chi kinh te tbi trudng, chat lupng nguon nhdn trb, tae dung cua nhiing ye'u t i quy dinh va lam nfln luc, ke't can tang van la nhung difl'm yfl'u can trd su chat lupng nguon nhdn luc (tu tudng, dao due, ldi song, phat trien"-' cua dd't nude Die'u thi Men d ndng binh dfl chuyfln mfln ngMflp vu, siic khoe ) Trong dd, sud't lao dpng thd'p, nhiiu sin phd'm cd cha't lupng nhiing yfl'u to tao nfln chd't lupng nguin nhan luc giii ehua tot, gia thdnh cao, ham lupng lao dpng tri tufl vai trd quyfl't dinh sin phd'm vdn ebn thd'p Ty Ifl Iao ddng chua qua Nguon nhdn luc duoc xem vtra la chu the viia la khach t h i cua d c qua trinh kinh te - xa hpi Vdi tu d e b la ehu the, quan he vdi nguin luc tu nMen vd cae nguin lue khac, nguin nhdn lire la ehu the eua dao tao cdn thap, dae biflt la co cd'u vd chd't lupng day Oang Cong san ViSt Nam: Van kien Dai hPi DaibiSu toan quoc lan thd-XI, Nxb CTQG, H, 2011, tr, 18 85 DIEN DAN GIAO DUC nghi chua dap ling duoe yflu d u thuc tifln (du thua nMfl'u lao ddng thdng, tMfl'u ngMflm trpng lao ddng trinh dp eao), Difl'm yeu d a chit lupng nguin nhan luc la tMfl'u ky nang mem nhu dch lam vifle nhdm, giao tie'p, kha nang ngoai ngii, ky ndng tudn thu quy trinh lao ddng Tai diin dan cMnh sach ve nhiing tac dpng eua Cdng dong Kinh te'ASEAN (AEC) dfl'n thi trudng lao ddng Viet Nam, diln tai Ha Npi vao - - 2014, To chiic Lao ddng Qud'e te (ILO) cho rang, ehua de'n 20% luc lupng lao dpng cua Viet Nam diroc dao tao chuyfln mdn vd nhiing ky nang dupe trang bi thirong khdng phu hpp vdi ddi hdi cua thi trudng He qui cua thuc trang ndy la nang sud't lao ddng cua ngudi Viflt Nam roi vao miictiia'pnhat chau A - Thai Bmh Duong, Mpt ngMfln eiiu khac cua ILO tinh toan nang sud't lao ddng eua ngmri Singapore ndm 2013 cao gap 15 lan nang sud't lao dflng cua ngiroi Viet Nam Tham cM, nang sud't Iao ddng cua ngubi Viflt Nam eiing cM bdng 1/5 so vdi Malaysia va 2/5 so vdi Thai Lan (hai qud'e gia thu nhdp trung binh khac thudc khfl'i ASEAN) Nguon Iao dflng tre vd so lupng dii ddo da mo cbo Viet Nam nhifl'u eohpi, nhung dang tifl'e la chd't lupng n p i n nhan luc nhutrinb dp ky ndng va chuyfln mdn thd'p lai can tro Viet Nam nam bat nhiing eo bdi khflng dfl dang ed duoc d'y Nhin chung, tiem ndng tri tug va tay nghi eua ngud'n nhdn luc Viet Nam rat Idn, song de phat huy vd su dung cd Men qua nguin lue ngudi, phai tim dupe nhung khau "dflt pha" va cac giai phap "dot pha", ddc biflt Id d e giii phap ndng cao chd't luong nguon nhdn lue Trong dd, giii phap ve giao due va dao tao Id mot va'n de phai dupe uu tifln hang dau, bdi vi ban che cua van di ndy tae ddng true tiflp den phat trifl'n cha't lupng nguon nhdn luc nhu Dai hfli XI cua Ding cM ra: "Cha't lupng giao due va ddo tao chua dap ling yflu eau phat trifl'n, nhd't la ddo tao ngud'n nhan luc trinh dp cao vdn cdn ban chfl'; chua chuyen manh sang ddo tao theo yeu d u cua xa hfli"^ Doi md'i giao due va dao tao dap ling vifle phat trien chat luang nguon nhan lue a Viet Nam hien ^ Ngay nay, tam quan trpng kinh te tri thiic nfln hau hfl't d c qud'e gia trfln thigidi deu tim each ndng cao ham lupng tri tufl dpi ngu ngudi Iao dflng Thuc te cho tha'y, vd'n diu tu cM gdp mpt phan nhd vao su tang trudng kinh tfl', kM dd phin Idn la chd't luong ngudi Iao ddng quyet dinh Tri thiic thi ky XXI cd toe dp gia tang nhanh chdng, dfl'i mdi Hfln tuc, kha nang lan truyen va bien rdng rai, true tig'p gdn vdi boat ddng sin xud't vd dm sflng xa hpi Chinh vi the' Dang ta xac dinh: "Phat trig'n, ndng cao chd't lupng ngufln nhan luc, nhat la ngud'n nhdn luc chat lupng cao la mdt nhiing ye'u td quye't dinh su phat triin nhanh, ben vung dd't nudc"^ Trong thi trudng Men dai, viec san xud't loai sin phd'm cd ham lupng tri tug cao cd gia tri rd't Idn Do dd, vai trd ciia tri tufl nin kinh te thi trudng cang diroc khang dinh Vi vdy, nguon nhan luc Viet Nam phai duoc dd'u tu phat trie'n, tao lap ky ndng - kiin thiic, tay nghe, kinh ngMem, ndng lue sang tao de trd "ngufl'n vd'n - vdn ngum, vfl'n nhan luc" Dau tu vao von ngudi dupe thuc Men thdng qua cac hoat dflng giao due - dao tao, day nghi, cham sde siie khoe, tao vifle ldm, an sinh xd hfli dd, "phat trien giao due va ddo tao ciing vdi phat trien khoa hpc va cdng nghe la quoc sach hang dau; dau tu cbo giao due va dao tao la diu tu phat triin"^ CMe'n lupe phat trig'n kinh t i - xa hdi 2011 - 2020 eua da't nude ta da dua dinh hudng vi ndng eao chdt luong ngudn nhan luc, ddi mdi todn dien vd phdt triin nhanh gido due vd ddo tq,o: "Phat trie'n va ndng cao cha't lupng nguin nhan lue, nhd't la nguin nhdn luc chat luong cao la mflt dot pha cMfl'n lupc, la yfl'u t i quyet dinh diy manh phat trien va ling dung khoa hpc, edng nghfl, eo d u lai nfln kinh tfl', chuyfl'n dd'i mo Mnh tdng trudng va la Ipi the canh tranh quan trpng nhd't, bao dim eho phat trifln nhanh, Mflu qua vd ben viing Dac biet, coi trpng phat trifl'n dpi ngu can bd Idnh dao, quan Iy gioi, dpi ngii chuyfln gia, quan tri doanh nghiep gidi, lao ddng lanh nghi va can bd khoa hpc, cflng nghfl diu dan Dao tao nguon nhdn luc dap ling yflu cau da dang, da tang eua cdng nghe va trinh dp phat trien cua cac linh vuc, ngdnh nghe ThueMenhfln kfl't chat che giua d c doanh ngMflp, CO so su dung lao dpng, co sd dao tao va nha nude d i phat trien nguin nhan luc theo nhu cau xa hpi Thuc Mfln cac chuong trinh, di an dao tao nhdn luc chat lupng cao do'i vdi cac ngdnh, linh vuc cbu yfl'u, mui nhon Chii trpng phat Men, bo'i dudng, phat huy nhdn tai; dao tao nhdn lue eho phat trie'n kinh te tri Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Bai hoi Dai bie'u toan qudc lan thd XI, NxbCTQG, H,2011,tr, 167 3, Sda,tr,41 Sdd, tr 77 DiiavDANGiAoDyc thiic Phat trifl'n giao due Id qufl'e sach hdng dau Doi mdi cdn ban, toan dien nin giao due Viet Nam theo hudng ehuan hda, Mfln dai hda, xa hfli hda, dan ehu hda va hpi nhap qud'e tfl', dd, doi mdi co che quin ly giao due, phat triin dpi ngii giao vifln va can bp quan ly la khau then chd't Tdp trung nang cao chd't lupng giao due, dao tao, coi trpng giao due dao diic, ld'i sing, nang luc sang tao, ky nang thue hdnh, kha nang lap nghiflp"^ Tiep noi tinh than cua Cuong linh, Nghi quyet Hdi nghi lan tbii 8, Ban Chd'p hanh Trung uong khda XI (Nghi quye't so 29-NQ/TW) vi ddi mdi cdn ban, todn diin gido due va ddo too, ddp ung yiu cdu cdng nghiep hia,kiendaikdatrongdiiukiinkinhtithitrudngdinh hudngXHCN vd hdi nhdp qude ti, ddi la mpt yflu d u khaeh quan di phat trifl'n chat lupng nguon nhdn luc o Viflt Nam hifln Dii mdi can ban, toan difln giao due vd ddo tao hifln la do'i mdi nhung vd'n di Idn, cfl't loi, cdp thifl't, tir tu duy, quan difl'm de'n muctiflu,bfl thd'ng, chuong trinh giao due, d c cMnh sach, coehivd d e dieu kifln bio dam chd't lupng giao due Dfl'i mdi d td't ci eae cap hpc va trinh dp ddo tao, o d trung uong va dia phuong, oca mdi quan he giua gia dmh, nhd tnrong vd xa hpi Doi mdi d i tao chuyfl'n bifl'n manh me vi chat lupng va Mflu qui giao due, dap ling ngdy cdng td't hon yflu d u eua su ngMflp xay dui^ va bio vfl to qudc, nhu cau hpc tdp cua toan dan Trong nMiu vd'n de can dd'i mdi can ban va todn dien ve giao due vd dao tao, bai vifl't chi de cap dfl'n van de do'i mdi giao due dai hpc Bdi vi, kinh nghiflm eua the gidi cho thdy, nhtmg nude cd ne'n kinh tllac hdu, tai nguyfln tMfln nMfln cd ban, vdn phdt trien nhanh cbdngkM cd mdtnen giao due dai hpc phat trig'n Vi le dd, Dang ta da cM muctiduve giao due dai hpc nhusau: Tap trung dao tao nhdn luc trinh dp cao, bii duong nhan tai, phat trien phd'm chd't vd ndng luc tuhoe, tu lam giau tri thiie, sang tao cua ngudi hpc Hodn thifln mang ludi d c eo sd giao due dai hpc, co d u nganh nghi vd trinh dd ddo tao phu hpp vdi quy hoach phdt trifln nhdn luc quo'c gia"^ Trfln CO so quan die'm cua Ding ta, d i phat huy hon niia vai trd cua giao due dai hpc d Viet Nam bifln tM can cd be thd'ng giii phap ding bd vd cd co ehi thuc Men td't cac giai phap dd Mdt Id, xdy dimg nin giao due dai hpe tung bude trd bdc hpe giii vai trd quan trpng toan bfl hfl thd'ng giao due qud'e dan vd vifle thuc Men "sir menh ndng cao ddn tri, phattiifl'nnguin nhdn luc, bii duong nhdn tai, gdp phan quan trpng phat trifl'n da't nude, xdy dung nfl'n van hda va ngudi Viet Nam"'' Yi giao due dai hpc Id bde ddo tao, hfl'i dudng thmmg xuyfln nhdn luc d trinh dd cao eua cae n^nh, dac Met la dpi ngii giao vien cua he thd'ng giao due quflc ddn Giao due dai hpc mang tinh hien dai la mdt qua trinh vira hfli nhdp, lien ke't, vira k i thua vd hifln dai Day Id chia khda de tao nen giao due ddng vai trd la khau dot pha viee phat trie'n chd't lupng nguin nhan luc Hai l&,tifl'ptuc thuc Men chu truong da dang hda d e loai binh trudng hpc, da dang hda d c phuong thuc ddo tao, d i tien phuong phap giang day vd hpe tap, loai bd dan phuong phap ddc thoai Phii gan ly Man vdi thuc tifln, phat huy tinh tich cue, cbu dpng hpe tap, ngMfln cuu tbiic ngMflm cua ngum hpe dudi su hudng din cua ngudi day Ndi dung giang day d bde dai hoc phai dam bio nguyfln tac k i thtra va phat huy ban sac van hda dan tdc Men dai va phat trie'n phu hpp vdi su phat trifl'n kinh t i - xd hfli Thudng xuyfln Men soan, cap nhat chuong trinh dao tao va tai Heu giang day cbo phii hpp vdi thuc tifln Nhanh chdng b i sung, sap xg'p lai eac trudng dai hpe mpt each hop Iy, tiidng nhat he thong van bang, day manh su Hfln thflng, lifln kfl't giiia d e tnrong, eac vien ngMfln cuu nham khai thae sue manh tong hpp cua d bfl thfl'ng cae trudng dai hpe va vien nghign cuu dao tao nguin nhdn luc Viet Nam Men Ba la, cdng tac dao tao phai bam sat muctiflueua giao due dai hoc Viflt Nam la tdp trung dao tao nhan luc trinh dfl cao, bii dudng nhdn tdi, phat trie'n pha'm chat va nang luc tu hpc, tu lam giau tri thiie, sang tao eua ngiKii hpe Hoan thien mang ludi d c co sd giao due dai hpc, CO cau nganh nghi vd trinh dfl dao tao phii bop vdi quy hoach phat trifl'n nhdn luc qufl'e gia; do, cd mpt so trudng va nganh dao tao ngang tim khu vuc va quo'c tfl' Da dang hda cac co so ddo tao phu hpp vdi nhu d u phat triin eflng nghfl va eac bnh vuc, n ^ n h nghi; yflu cau xay dung, bao ve to quo'c va hdi nhdp qud'e te' Nhiing muc tiflu gido due dbi hoi ndi dung, Bang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hdi Dai bieu toan qud'e lan thU XI, NxbCTQG, H,2Q^^,tr.^30-^3^ Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Nghj quyet sd 29, Hpi nghj Trung uong lan thd khda XI vi ddi mdi cSn ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao Dang Cong san ViSt Nam: VSn kien Dai hdi Dai bieu toan quoc lan thiiXI, Nxb CTQG, H, 2011, tr.77 ' DIEN DAN GIAO DUC phuong phap BT t u u t v u v tin iHiijiBiJ giao due tat yfl'u phai dd'i mdi theohudngtinh, gpn, tMet thuc, phuong phap hudng tdi phat "l/EN KET DAO TAO NGUOtJ NHAti Lyt CAC TINH DUYEN HAI MIEN TRUHG' huy tinh tich cue sang tao cua i/t/l phu Itut (is