NGHIEN cau TRAO DOI Giao due dai hoc of Viet Nam hien nay V a n d e v a g i a i p h a p ThS NINH THI HOANG LAN Tn/dng Dai hpc ThUdng m?i Gin day da co nhdng danh gia khdng thdng nhSft, th$m chf tr^i n[.]
NGHIEN cau - TRAO DOI Giao due dai hoc of Viet Nam hien nay: V a n d e v a g i a i p h a p ThS NINH THI HOANG LAN Tn/dng Dai hpc ThUdng m?i Gin day da co nhdng danh gia khdng thdng nhSft, th$m chf tr^i ngddc nha \i bdc tranh giao due dai hpc Vidt Nam Bai vid't se phfin tich nhdng h^ chd' va dda mOt sd' giai phap nham d^i mdi chd't Iddng giao diic dai h hipn NHONG VAN DE DAT RA ndn kinh te thj trffdng dinh hffdng xa h Theo thdng ke cua Bo Gido due ehuvd nghDao ia tao, ddn ndm hoc 2011-2012 ca nUdc c6 419 tnrdng cao Hai dang la, gido due dai hoc nffdc ta vd dai hoc, vdi tong sd khodng 2,2 trieu sinh vien, g i mat vdi mau thuan giffa viec phatdindd' gap 2,5 ian so vdi nam 2000 vd gdp ' 18 lan so vdiquny dmmd va ddm bdo chdt' Iffdng tang 1990 Nhffng ndm gan day, mdi ndm co khoaIffdng ng 300sinh vien da tdng len nhieu, - 400 ngdn sinh vien tdt nghiep, g6p phan gia tdkhi ngdd, ty ed sd vat chat', ddi ngii gidng vie le lao dong dffdc dao tao Sd Iffdng lao dong edlaitrinh khdndgd tang tffdngffng.Chi ridng diSn cao ddng, dai hoe vd tren dai hoc hidn ehtich iem ' c8d% c trffdng da khdng ddm bdo dd tdng Iffe Iffdng lao ddng cua ca nffde vdi yeu cdu Tmh trang thieu gidng vien Tuy nhien, gido due dai hoc d Viet Nam cdnthtadm n tai ehi edn tram trgng hdn nhieu bat cap vd vay chffa phat huy tdt nhffng vai btrd dng 1, ndu nhffng nam 1985-1990, ma xa hdi giao phd Cd the ke den mdt sd vatyn ' Id degndi iang vidn/sinh vien chi Id 1/7 th com nhdt' sau day: eho ddn' nay, t^ Id giang vidn/sinh vidn Mot la, van' de ve ed che quan ly va quadnd tri Giaeodn 1/29 Ndu tinh ty Id sinh vie gidm sd' T^ntag vsd 5n' T 6ngusm d'dTtyhd 1$dgidian fi&m du e dai hbffc oT c6*ndg nffde thie' 'nggqvudyn ddi bdnthi eon sd ed the cdn th cTanngh d giangovienrasinm hdtviecnd cvhieen'/svinahn hdnh, quan p1h9d9p0-19ly91durtUm 105 e 2ta08 71 12 15 79 1/6 hdn Ty Id sinh vien quy ddi binh qud 9 9 0 141 83 vien11 /8vditren ly200g0i-d o01due dai178hoc 3m thdi mdt gidng vidn cua ca nffdc 20 22 d0t5cdch918c2 d28hieu qu1a2 /9 xu m td2(X ng)7-(:Kcffdng c0 hiu 1tr6 nhidm d1/2c9ap ' trffdng, KS tff c3h6u9 vd5tff61 d0c3h4 84 23 (sd lieu nam 2010), dd t^ 00g9-2cffdng 010 403 giam 705 5s8 19 357 3a9n ly nh1 27nffde td2 d//2 5d 3t c2u1 a62q u 06 chuan cua the gidi Id 8/1 2n 010-2011 vai4trd 14 747 2011-2012 1: SO 419 LC/ONG 841 09 22 043 1TRCfCilSG, 1/26 SoGIANG BANG Iffdng giangVIEN vien daVA dueuSINH so v CAO DANG, DAI HQC VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 1990-2 tieu c0 h1u2an,tiiitrinh dd ciia gidng vidn 26 niam bio h k sc tiiac R ddi dai tdi trffdng (nb du h o gdao d euBa od ng cdh n rghieangffdi n dg ou ing :ucn dg bdai tff g m la, h 1s,dgy d 1civi vdi d N la hnffde n % h hoc) d eo vcgnd ovn'gcnthffc agu c,vi n deidcdesdn ta d o hndVi n b cad ng h d t'cd tdi rg nhff n eadu n Iffdng g tn degd g hN tien d cK n dv rat hp g dai ap % eihny d nffdc, hbsy, d cbl€ du h sahcd e n o acdih c4D\f o n4chd ctao v d T c% d bnad hran o htd g inn gaig d hcgy hh o d N ,d ftff afg ctdg ctdb cd u n Ve phin chi tif ngan sdch nhd nUdc hdng The gidi, mdc ehi phi ddn vi cho sinh vien dd'i cho gido due da c6 sir tdng len ddngvdi kenhi vefng mrdc phdt trien Id khodng 50% GDP binh cd s6' tuypt dd'i lan ty Ip phin trdm qtro nng diu ngPdi, cdn nhiTng mrdc dang phat trien Id ud GDP, tdng tir 41.630 ty dong ndm 2100005-150% GDP binh quan diu ngiTdi Tuy nhien, ty Id len 151.200 ty dong ndm 2011, tdngnhdcyfnd nude ta mdi chi khodng 50% GDP, mdc 3,6 lln Ty trpng chi eho gido due truong binh cua cdc niTdc tren die gidi Id 93% Rd rdng, GDP tdng C t r 5,1% ndm 2005 ldn chi 57 ,%phi ddn vi eua chiing ta qud thd'p, din den khdng ndm 2010 Tuy nhidn, nhu ciu hpcthdai e ddm bao ve mdt chdt' lifdng ddo tao hpc eung ngdy cang tdng Hdn niTa, diu Bdn la, mdu thuin giTa ddo tao vd nhu elu phdt tiT cho gido due dai hpc cdn phdi trien "canhkinh te' ciia dat' nude Ching ta chii trpng nhidu tranh" vdi diu tiT eho y te', vdn hda,ddgn'iaophdt trien quy md hdn Id ndng cao chat lirpng va dpc phd thdng Chinh vi vdy, vide hdidpua qud Tinh ddn nay, ed nUde ed 419 ed sd dao tao nhidu vdo ngdn sdch nhd nifdc Id khdai dnghpc cd vd ngoai cdng lap cd ciia tnfdng cao thd ding va dai hpc Ndi dung cbifdng trinh giang day Ngudn ddng gdp eiia ngPdi hpchie-n mac dii dd ed nhieu cdi ddn' nhung vin ehUa hire la hpc phi Theo ddnh gid eiia nghdienuvdi thpc te tien trinh phdt trien eiia nen kinh te chuydn gia vin cdn rd't thap ' so vdi C nhP udng trinh ddo tao cdn mang ndng dnh hdn lam, qud ciu ddm bdo chat' iPdng ddo tao chii Tuytrpng ddn' ky ndng chuyen mdn ma xem nhp ky nhidn, vide gia tdng hpc phi lai vdp' npdhndgi nhdn thdc vd ndng lpc xa bdi Thpc td eho tha'y, sp phdn ddi manh md ciia xa hpi nhffng sinh vien td't nghidp trffdng chffa ddpffngtdt N dp nn th h dh d g d eiia eg n gun E cd o F 6qc"ted iu cn a(chi san eiVi dN g y ap k u thi chi m rat d h n k m Vi o g hdn du o d P n C tg d cm atphi d gtha' n hgn y tiyN ndu ghcm N h td ap hab m N Id p cugid nvi ughd T td an rd' ldn tai nep u nh g cP c«n o u ep d c ab n d h n d T y gid g vck reo dR h cdnId x tdi h (u decgv d phi o b yh n p'w thdi o enr?d dn cg am n dhtxin g k td indg h IdcdN h iq o dd, n dncu d asn oh m i% engP vi) n tdi o ghapdc.nu m vi h bga h dM m % ih edp in d 'ya)nn N ,cP gthd p rngffdi dai cn tieu td klvdi oraid d o ech ac ied no u m % nalai m d T g o Ndm fn gtai trinh ta ah ,nhffng d gyp ddffdc ikhi d cu nd oB eg heciia d h dp, an d cdai la, T d o usyvcm d ien i2n d ku h0n h yec% chffa dai h ad pciu vin d hclgi n dg dit'nm chi d nh nId hg Vi o tn d b ytd' v cm pdketaho yip td h vin dh nn puengffdi dId gdch nnffde h rd n m g d athin g ydgiffa pd igp d.kp 2u 'ch b Id,d gk rdata n ih d lln thi nhffng gsn u trffdng, dtdhM yb lai d (n xP d sahihn ddeabtg t'ngffdi ihpi dtreyU n'oxnhffng vi dn a27 m caeP ghtnr2h d io bdi Id tun l% nhffng adffdc ,go b3 d ktrffdng n ttiep r-ho ad nd yn h d pndg nh 1g m h lan, gachi Id )cp nactiep n NGHIEN CCra - TRAO DOI nhat ca ntfdc, dd vung Bdc Trung bp vd Tay Bac lai cd GDP binh quan d ngtfdi thap nhdt' Rd rdng qua sdneu trdn, thtfc stf dang tdn tai mdt' cdng bdng xa bdi trongtidpcdn gido dpc dai hpc ntfdc ta hidn MOT sd GIAI PHAP CO B Thii nhdt, ddi mdi qudn 1^ tdng ctfdng manh me phdn cap ' qudn dd lam sdm cd cd chec' hdt che tron vide thtfc thi trtfdng dai hpc qudn v ttf chiu trach nhidm Tuy nhidn, giao Bdn c^nh nhffng thdnh tdu d^t dddc, giao quydn ttf chu cin tdng ctfdng cd chd gidm dye dai hpc nifdc ta cdn qua nhiiu did'm sdt ddm bao chat' Itfpng cda cdc trtfdng ydu, khuyd't di^m La thach thdc vdi qua Thii hai, cin mdt cude cdi cdch truth hdi nhdp qudc td' V0y, tim Id'i chdoidn lien quan ddn' van de tdi chfnh cu glao dye dai hyc nhif thd' nao la bai toan gido due dai hpc day khdng phdi chi dang tun Idi giai van dd tang hpc phi, md eIn phdi cd m thdn 'g d ntfdc ta hien chtfa c6 mpt so' cu thhee chi ragiai phdp that stf ddng bd Vi^ g i a t a n g mtfc chdnh lech nhy Id bao nhieu, nhtfng co the lay hpc phi Id can thiet, nhtfng phd mpt chi tieu khdc co thd phdn dnh dtfpc tinh tradi ngkdqm ua vdi mtfc tdng diu ttf chung tf cd n g a n chenh lpc gitfa cdc vdng mien, dd Id ty Id sinh viensdch nhd ntfdc va cdc khodn ddn p ecu chinh quy quy ddi trdn van ddn Theo bdo gcd ao uaa edng ddng Thvcba, tdng ctfdng chat Itfpng ddo Uy ban Thtfdng vu Qudc' hdi ngdy 26/05/2010, ty Id dai h p c Cin c h u ddn dpi ngu gido vid sinh vien trdn mdt van dan d Viet Nam nam 2009, thi v a c h t f d n g trinh ddo tao Nhd ntfdc cin c ddng nhat Id thudc vung Ddng Nam bd (431 sinh vien) cdhinth bdp sdch dai ngp hpp ly dd'i vdi ddi ng vaTAI DdngLigu bdngTH sdAnM gH d n g ( s i n h vien) t r o n g d ' KHAO nhd gido cd chlnh sdch gia tdng hd nhdtPham ' thudc vePhu vung(2011) Bdc TrungVe bpkhuon (61 sinh mat vien) v a Cin mdi ciia dgi l y t y Id g i a n g vidngido ed hpcdue vitiiac sy hv Taytiidnh Bdc p(7h2 sindhCvidn) g bang gia, dH hi MinD hdng Nam bp vd Ddntien ng tdng dpi ngii Chtfdng tr sdn2 gN Hgduny genlaVvdu nh quanlugng dau ngtfdi caosy trodgi nngTucddn' (G 2D 01P1).biChdt gido ddo taodue cin phdihgc dtfdcnhin xdy dtftd nggdc phd hdd tiidnh phdHd Chi Minh vdi nhu ciu vd thtfc td'ciiatidntrinh phdt Psacharopoulos, G and Patrinos, H A (2004) Investment tridnReturns kinh te - xto a hdi Lay' tiitfctidnin phdE t Update, Education Economics, Vol 12, p 111trien -134 kinh te - xa hdi lam muc tidu, Idm 28 Ki n hi ^ vl I Vl i o of4 recent Riddell,advances W C (2006).inThe economics, impact ofC Education g b C d va"ki nhffng k m n d n h aidhy ad m tntd fnktinh d gig ayd n cnd n ehl gdn gchi nffde asirdi P ab trinh ynaU op ,n glhio adh cd m ny p vi nglitdp caheon "m h.rd Q nentdtd' nsdeiepn th dffdc tiitfc vaEconomics dt o drttcurfki odc hntp dvg hk h ndnh d g xtiiffc eatd tantn o w y hcd trien tiii n to fdt dtg ratd k trtfdng, nfo trffdng ng g slphndi tiiich rcip adsn d md axotrffdn adgtai, huidcitnd hd am hg So nf ... dpi ngu gido vid sinh vien trdn mdt van dan d Viet Nam nam 2009, thi v a c h t f d n g trinh ddo tao Nhd ntfdc cin c ddng nhat Id thudc vung Ddng Nam bd (431 sinh vien) cdhinth bdp sdch dai ngp... trien quy md hdn Id ndng cao chat lirpng va dpc phd thdng Chinh vi vdy, vide hdidpua qud Tinh ddn nay, ed nUde ed 419 ed sd dao tao nhidu vdo ngdn sdch nhd nifdc Id khdai dnghpc cd vd ngoai cdng... g vidngido ed hpcdue vitiiac sy hv Taytiidnh Bdc p(7h2 sindhCvidn) g bang gia, dH hi MinD hdng Nam bp vd Ddntien ng tdng dpi ngii Chtfdng tr sdn2 gN Hgduny genlaVvdu nh quanlugng dau ngtfdi caosy