GIAO DUG DAI HOC DjNH HLfdNG NGHE NGHIEP 6 MOT SO NUdC ASEAN VA BAI HOC THAM KHAO CHO VIET NAM GIAO THI HOANG YEN* GIAO THI KHANH NGOC** Tom tdt Gido due dgi hoc dinh kiidng nghi nghiep dng dung (Prof[.]
GIAO DUG DAI HOC DjNH HLfdNG NGHE NGHIEP MOT SO NUdC ASEAN VA BAI HOC THAM KHAO CHO VIET NAM GIAO THI HOANG YEN* GIAO THI KHANH NGOC** Tom tdt: Gido due dgi hoc dinh kiidng nghi nghiep dng dung (Professional Oriented Higher Education - POHE) dang Id xu kudng did yiu phdt triin dgi hgc d nkiiu niidc Uu diim cua POHE la sU kit hgp gida gidng dgy ly thuyit vd trdi ngkiem thuc ti nghi nghiip Hinh t/idc ddo tgo ndy quan tdm nhieu han din uiic cung cdp tri thdc ud ky ndng nghi nghiip cua ngUdi ligc, coi trgng sU hin kit gida nkd triidng ud cdc ca sd sdn xudt kinh doank Cdc trUcmg dgi hgc d mpt so nddc ASEAN nhu Singapore, Malaysia, Tkdi Lan diu coi trgng POHE vd col dd Id trgng tdm hUdng tdi cda nin gido due dgi hgc qudc gia Bdi uiit ndy di cap din bdn ckdt cda gido due dgi hgc dink kUdng nghe nghiep vd nhdng npi dung ue POHE d mdt so nUdc ASEAN vd rut mpt so bdi kgc cho Viit Nam Tit khoa: Gido due dgi hgc dlnh hudng nglii nghiep (POHE); Cdi cdch gido due dgi kgc; Dgi hgc dinh hudng nghe: Dgi hgc Singapore; Dgi kgc Malaysia; Dgi hgc Thdi Lan Mdf dau dinfa faudng nghi nghiflp itog dung, tfle la Giao due dai fape (GDDH) faien nay, d S ^ ^^^ ^ao tao ly tfauyg't vdi thuc faanh, pfauong Dflng cflng nfafl pfauong Tay, dang dffng trude ngudng cffa cda cugc cdcfa mang cong nghigp l l n thff tff (FIR - Tke Fourth Industrial Revolution) mgt eupc each mang rad theo dff bao, dang va se tao tien de va cff fafli cfao sff fapi tu gifla ffng dung vat ly va flng dung ky tfauat so' lara xuat hien Internet cua vgn vdt {Internet of Tkings ' loT) Vi vay, nen GDDH hifln dang dffng trUdc rapt tfaacfa tfafle vfi cting ldn, dd la •viec gan giao due dai fagc vdi ^^^ gi^° ^^^ ^^''^ ^^^'^ *i^" f^ghe ngfaiep ^^y '^ "^9t xu hffdng Idiflng the cffdng lai ^^^ " ^ ^ ^DDH the gidi noi ehung, cua Viet Nam vd eae nffde Cflng dong ASEAN "°i ^^^"^S- ^ 1"^ ^^' "o chffng td thanfa ^^"^S hay tfaat bai cua raflt nen giao due dai ^9^ l^oc ^^' *^ tfaffdc Idem efaitog chat ^W"& GDDH tfaUc tifln Trong bdi vifl't nay, muc dieh eua chung tfii Id tim faieu ldnfa ngfaiem cua mgt so' nffde ASEAN giao due dai fapc (iinfa *Ths Giao Thi Hoang Yin, ''•'' Ths Giao Thi Khanh Ngpc, Tru&ng Dai hoc KTQD Ha Noi 40 Ngbien ciiu DSng Nam A, sd3/2017 faffdng nghe nghiep flng dung, eu the la d cho tie'n bp xa hfii Tuy nfaien, kfai sff pfaat ba qufi'c gia Singapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia; trien manh rae eiia n i n kinh te' tri thffc tff dd, rut mflt so bdi fagc cho Viet Nara dang bil'n tri thffc tfadnh lfle Iffdng san xud't trffc tie'p, thi vai trb eiia cdc trffdng Cach hife'u v e g i a o d u e dai h g c dinh dai hoc dang trd nen da dang hffn Tfaeo do, eac trffdng dai fape khflng cfai ddo tao ra, hifofng n g b l nghidp cdc nhd kfaoa hpc n h a m kham pha tri thflc Giao due dai hoc dinh hffdng nghe mdi, ma cbn cd nfaiem vu cung ed'p eho xa ngfaiep tfng dung (Professional Oriented hpi rapt Iffc lugng lao dpng co trinh dp cao, Higher Education - POHE) la gi va mang dem dfl'n cho hp nhttog Ide'n thffc v i ky nfli ham nfaff tfae' ndo, efao dfl'n nay, nfain ndng n g h i nghiflp md thi trffdng lao dpng chung vdn chffa cd mfit khdi niem tfafi'ng dang dbi fadi d l fag cd the tham gia trffc nfaat Dai de, ngffdi ta cd the faieu rang, tie'p vdo he tfafl'ng san xud't, quan tri, ldnh POHE la sff ke't fagp gifla ly tfauyfl't fadn doanh, dicfa vu vd ed the lam viec vdi ehit lam va kmfa nghiflm tfaffe tifln, la sff g i n kfl't cfaat che cde dau vao (Inputs) tfl thfl' Iffgng tfl't nfaat sau Idii tfl't ngfaiflp Muc tieu gidi ldnh doanfa (world of business) nham ndy rd rdng cd Idile biflt vdi muc tiflu ciia tdc dflng trd lai bdng eac each thfle mem cac trffdng dai hpe theo mfl Mnfa truyln deo (flexible way), dfl'n nhflng thay doi can thfl'ng, nen nd dbi hdi mpt each tie'p can thig't eua thi trffdng lao dflng O day, lgi ich Idiac tfl'i da eua ngffoi hpc la mufl'n ed dffge cdc tri thflc va ky nang n g h i nghiflp cap nfaat va pfau fagp vdi thffc tifln lufin bien doi hang ngdy Tfaeo dd, nfattog ngffdi mdi tfl't ngfaigp dai fape, cac dfl an va cac dfi'i t i e eua ede cfing ty, eae to efaflc pfai lgi nfaudn va Idiu vtic cflng pfaai la mfit bfl pfadn fagp tfaanfa g i n lien vdi thffe tien (an integrative part of a practice) Ro rdng d day, sff phdt trien ede cfaffffng trinfa giang day d trffdng dai fapc POHE pfaai dffffe xay dffng trfln co sd tfaffe tiln, no dbi fadi su tfaig't lap raang ludi quan fag gan gui giffa cac trffdng dai fape vd tfaue tifln cua tfae gidi •viflc lam (world of works) TrUdng dai fapc theo mo fainh truyen thfl'ng lau tfaudng tap trung vdo giang day vd nghifln cffu nfaim tim kig'm tri thffe radi Mo fainfa dai hpe v l n dffgc tie'p tue vd van dugc xem la can tfaie't GDDH theo mfl famh POHE ddi va t i n tai song faanfa vdi cic dai fapc ngfaifln Clfu nhffng nd dam nfaan mgt sff menh Idiae, la sfl menh pfaue "VIJ tnic tie'p thi trUdng lao dgng, bao gom ca thi tnidng dia phuang, qufi'c gia va qufi'c tfl' Tuy nfaifln, de tfaffe hifln sff menh do, cdc trffdng ed pfaan khuc POHE can n h a n m a n h vao vige thffc hanfa ngfae nghiep hoat dpng ddo tao vd nfaan manfa de'n tinh cha't ffng dung faoat dflng nghien cflu Nhff vdy, eae trffdng dai fape theo mfl hinh tmyen tfao'ng' vdn ed tfae cd phdn kfauc POHE hoat dflng dao tao; hay noi edefa khdc, muc tieu truyen thfl'ng va pfaan Idiuc POHE trong' dao tao v l n cd the ton tai song song d mpt trffdng dai hpe Dde tiung ciia POHE la mfl'i quan hfl chat che vdi thg' gidi viee lam the hien toan bp boat dfing cua cfaffffng trinh,! Giao Thi Hoang Yen, Giao Thi Khdnh Nggc - Gido due dgi hgc dinh hudng ddo tao eiia trffdng dai hpc Cfaffffng trinfa dao tao POHE dffa trfln ho so ndng lUc nghi nghiflp, dugc xay diing thflng qua khao sdt y k i l n eiia nfad tuyin dung va ngfaifln cult nfau elu eiia tfafl' gidi •viflc Idra mflt edeh cd hfl thfl'ng "Ndng lUc nghi nghiep" d ddy dugc hiiu Id kha ndng vdn dung hai hba kig'n thffc, ky nang vd thdi dp faoat dpng ngfai nghiep Cfauong trinfa POHE pfaan anfa cacfa tie'p can tieh fagp, dd kien thffc ly thuyet kfl't fagp vdi tfaffe faanh va dao tao cac ky nang mira tap trung vao thffc faanfa ngfai ngfaiflp cua sinfa vifln Phffcmg pfadp giang day POHE nfaan manfa dfl'n sff tUffng tae va fadp tdc, ky ndng ldm viee tfaeo nfadm va kfaa nang faoat dpng dpe lap, nhU lam an to't nghiflp, thUe hifln dU dn; nhd vay ma sinh •vifln se cd co fafli tiai nghiflm, pfadt triln sff sing tao va tinh than trach nhiflm eflng viee Viflc danh gid kg't qua hpe tap cua sinh vien POHE cung nhat quan vdi muc tiflu eiia chffong trinfa, khfing cfai ddnh gia Idfl'n thffc ly thuyfl't tfaeo lo'i truyen tfao'ng, md cdn danh gia hgp phan fapc tdp, tffc la qud trtnh thffc hanfa tfaUc te' ciia thg' gidi •viflc lam; ching faan nfaU, danfa gia Idia nang cua sinfa vifln thffc faanh nghi ngfaiflp, viee sff dung ede eong cu dae tntog cua ngfae ngfaiep, sff dung pfaong thi nghiem, cac thifl't hi mfl phong, v.v Hoat dpng nghifln cflu ctia mfi hinfa POHE eung ehii yfl'u tap trung vao eac dfl tdi flng dung, chuyin giao cfing ngfae va cai tie'n ngfae nghiflp Tfaeo do, eae cau hdi ngfaign cffu dffpc fainh tfaanfa can ban rafl'i quan be mat tfaie't vdi tfafl' gidi vifle lara Do an to't ngfaiflp eua sinh vien 41 POHE cung thudng hffdng tdi viec giai quye't eac van de/bai t o i n sinh tff tfaffe tifln n g h i nghiflp Nhff vay, tfl each hiiu trfln ddy ve nfaitog ddc (Ulm eua POHE eho tha'y, cfauong trtnh POHE cfai cd the thffc faien duge mo'i quan fae gan bd ehdt ehe vdi tfag' gidi -viee lam Cde doanh nghiflp, cac to cfaffe kmfa tfl', xa fapi, nghi nghiep tttog linh vffc chuygn nganh ed vai trd raang tinfa quyfl't dinh dfl'i vdi viflc hifln thffe hoa eac ehffcmg trinh POHE Hp la nhitog dia ehi eung ca'p thflng tin ve nfaitog bffdc pfadt trien mdi ehuygn nganfa, giffp tnfdng dai hpe xay dffng fao so nang Iffe nghi nghigp vd cap nfaat cfaffOog trinfa dao tao; cung cap mfii trffdng fape tap, faudng dan In, pfaai dien gia de'n vdi cae sinfa faoat cfauygn mfin ciia nfad trffdng, fafl trg co sd vat ehit trang tfaie't bi tfaffe faanfa, la dfi'i tac ciia tnidng dai fape ede hoat dgng faUdng nghiep, hpi cfag "vifle lara, tff van tuyen sinfa va dong tfadi la cdc nha tuyen dung day tiem nang Ngoai ra, ho cbn la noi ngu ede bdi todn cln giai quye't hoat dpng chuyfln ngdnfa, eung cap ldnh phi ngfaifln ctiu cho tnfo'ng nham giai quyg't cde bdi toan dat ra; qua dd, gdp phan tang effcfng ndng Iffc nghien eifu cua trffdng Trong thuc tg', GDDH dinh faudng ngfai ngfaiep ung dung da dffgc cde quo'e gia chau Au va My van dung tfl ldu va faien da eo chfl dffng Idia vffng efaae d eac nffde cflng ngfaiep pfaat trien nfaU My, /Vnfa, Dflc, Pfadp, Ha Lan, Phan Lan, Dan Maeh, Thuy Dien, Na Uy Tuy chffa cd mpt dinh ngfaia tho'ng nhd't nao, nfaitog tffu trung, dd la he tfafi'ng GDDH nfaan manfa de'n viec phat trien ede tri thflc va ky ndng thuc hanh 42 Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A, sd3/2017 nghe nghiep qua trinfa ddo tao ThUc dai faoe; theo dd, GDDH nffde ddt mue tfl' khung faoang kinh t l va sff thd't ngfaiflp tieu eao nha't cho viec phat huy Idia ndng trdn lan nfaung tfaap ky gan ddy eiia nghien cflu va nang life thffc hanh ciia sinh n,en kinfa tfl' tfae' gidi dang Id rainfa chting •vien sau kfai tfl't nghiflp trffdng cho viec coi trpng ky ndng thffc faanh va O cdc tnidng dai hpe Singapore, ke ea nhffng nang Iffe ed dffpe thflng qua trai trudng eflng va trffdng tff, deu rat ehu trpng nghiflra thffe tg' dang -trd thdnh Lfu tien sfl' vifle hpc ly thuyg't kfl't hpp vdi tfaue hanh mflt dfl'i vdi ede nhd tuyen dung (hpe di dfii vdi hanh) Muc tieu eiia ehuong trtnh dao tao dai hpc Id nfaara thda man Kinh n g h i e m ciia m g t so niidfc vdi tigu ehi ehuyen sau, dong tfadi pfau hop ASEAN v e giao d u e dai h o c dinh vdi thffc tifln va xu faffdng phat trien eua hifdfng n g h e nghi§p) chuyfln ngdnfa Cac trffdng dai fagc d Cde nffde ASEAN la nhttog nffde dang Singapore tfaffdng lien kfl't ddo tao vdi cae phdt trien di sau, dupe thffa hudng eac trffdng dai fapc d Anh, My, Phap, Australia tUu vl pfaat trien giao due dai hoc d nham cap nhat hda cfaffffng trinfa dao tao ca pfauong Dflng l l n phffong Tdy Trong de phu hgp vdi xu hudng chuygn sau va nhitog thap ky gan day, chd't Iffpng GDDH chuyfln ngdnfa; dflng tfadi cung d l tan dung d mpt sfi' nffde ASEAN da co nhflng tifl'n bfl ldnfa nghiflm dao tao ky ndng d nfaffng vugt bde; theo dd, nhilu tnfdng dai hpe d tnidng cd uy tin cua cae eudng quo'e giao Singapore, Tfadi Lan, Malaysia, due faang dau thfl' gidi Tfaem vdo dd, d eac Indonesia da cd tfln Bang xe'p hang dai fapc Singapore, ngoai cae Idfl'n thffc vc cde trUdng dai hpe hang dau cfaau A'^' ly tfauyfl't, sinfa vien cung dugc eung ed'p eac Dieu cho tha'y, GDDH d cae nffde Dflng ldnfa ngfaiera tfauc tfl' tai cac pfadng thi Nam A ngdy cang dffgc xa hfii tin nhiflm, nghiera ciia trffdng, tham cfai nfailu sinh dap ling dupe ede yflu cau phdt trien ldnh vien cbn ed co hqi duge lam viflc cac te' - xa hfli cfao npi dia, Idiu -vuc vd qufl'c tg' du an nghien cffu ciia eae doanh nghigp - O Singapore: Singapore Id mpt dd't Kinfa nghiem ldm vifle tfaue te', cung nhU nUde nfad be, faau nhu khong co tdi nguyfln cac Id nang thuc hdnh dd la rat cln thie't tfaifln nhien, eac nguyen lieu phan ldn dffOc efao tfadnfa cflng eua sinfa vien sau Icfai hp nhdp tfl nude ngoai de tai ehe' vd pfaue vu tfl't nghigp trudng va di lam efao tai xud't Ichau Nen Idnfa te qufl'c gia Mflt nhffng tnicfng dai fapc cd kinh ehu ye'u dua vao bufin ban, eae nganh dicfa nghiflm to't nha't ve POHE d Singapore vu va giao due; -vi vay, Singapore rat coi pfaai ke dfl'n la Hoc uien P/idt triin Qudn ly trpng vd tap trung diu tu cfao nganfa gido Singapore (MDIS) Tnfcmg MDIS co due Ke't qua la qufl'c gia dang so faffu Kfaoa cfauygn nganfa, gflm: Kinfa doanfa, rapt nen giao due, dac biet la GDDH, thupe Khoa hgc ky tfauat, Thie't ke' thdi trang, loai tfl't nfaat tfae gidi Bi quyg't thanfa cflng Khoa hpe ddi sfl'ng, Truygn thflng dai cua GDDH Singapore la d su dinfa faudng chung, Tara ly hpe, Cong ngfag, Quan tri du va dau tU dung d i n cfao pfadt trien gido due licfa va Ichdeh san MDIS ed quan he hgp Giao Thi Hoang Yen, Giao Thi Khdnh Nggc - Gido due dgi hgc dinh hUdng t i e chat ehe vdi cdc doanh ngfaiep chuyen ngdnh va ngoai Smgapore vd co chffong trinh ddo tao lufln dffge elp nhat vd gdn ke't vdi thffe tiln san xuat vd kinh doanh Day cung la co sd dai fapc ed kfl't nfl'i ve dao tao vdi trffdng dai hpe dfl'i tac'^' d quo'e gia phdt tiien la My, Anh, Pfaap vd AustraUa, vdi cae eff sd trang thifl't bi hpc tap Ugn tue dugc nang cap dl dap itog tieu ehi "hifln dai nhat" Tai day, ben canfa bfl'n pfaong tfai ngfaigra kfaoa fagc y sinh faien dai, eac trung tam tfaffe faanfa ve tfaifl't kfl' tfadi trang, faay xUdng ky thudt cua MDIS, eung deu duge cap chttog nfaan la "an toan tuyet dfl'i" eho sfle Idide va lao dgng eua giang vifln vd sinh vifln Dac biflt, cae pfaong tfai nghiem eiia Khoa Khoa hpc Y sinh dugc trang bi day du cae thie't bi tinh vi, hien dai nhara mang dfl'n trai nghiem thUc te' ve eac eong nghfl tfl' bdo hifln dai nha't, bao gom ky tfauat mau ndng cao, PCR'3', ley tfauat taefa gel va HPLC*' Cde giang vign eua Kfaoa eiing deu eac cac tig'n si cde lmh vUc Hgn quan va diu la nhttog giang vign dam mfl vdi ngfae nghiep, MDIS cung tu hdo la rapt to chflc ed tracfa ngfaiera eao vdi xd hfli va mfli trudng, cd cac cdu lac bp sinfa vifln tfaara gia vdo eac faoat dpng xa hpi, ma gan dly nhat la su Iden Le hfli Xanh Sach Singapore t l efaflc 19/11/2016 tai Capitol Plaza dl Idiuyfl'n Idiicfa eac hoat dfing nfaim muc tiflu giam, tdi sff dung vd tdi chl! Cdc sinh vien eua MDIS da danfa nhieu tara huyfl't de dUa sang kie'n tai chfl' cae lp nhUa eac bay mufli nham ngan cfadn va han cfafl' muli Do cfauong trinfa dao tao gan Uln vdi thuc tign va eo Uen ke't qufi'c tg' rpng rai vdi ede dai fapc ed uy tin quo'e te' eao, nfln Idfl'n tfaffe va ky ndng thuc hanh eua eac sinh 43 vien tfi't ngfaiep MDIS dffgc danh gia rat eao, bdng cap eua MDIS dffdc quo'e te' thfla nfaan rflng rai'^' vd sinfa vifln tnfcmg cd nhieu co hgi tnidc cdc nhd tuyen dung ca vd ngodi nffde O Malaysia: Gido due dai hpe cf Malaysia nhttog ndm gan ddy cd nhilu tig'n bp vffpt bac Bdng chffng la Bang xe'p hang 300 trffdng dai hpc fadng diu cfaau A nam 2017'^', Malaysia cd trffdng Ipt vao bang xe'p hang so vdi trffdng nam 2016 Ne'u tinh npi bp Cflng dong ASEAN, ehi eo nffde cd tfln bang xe'p hang nay, Malaysia dffng tfafl ba, xg'p sau Singapore va Thai Lan Vdi chig'n Iffoc giao due dai hpe radi (The Blueprint (2015 -2025) gin vdi dinh hffdng nghe nghiep ffng dung (POHE), Malaysia dang nfi Iffc d l trd tfaanfa trung tam giao due bde eao eiia the' gidi Cu tfal, GDDH Malaysia dang hffdng tdi mue tiflu nufii dffdng tai ndng nffde vd tfau hut sinh vien qufl'c tfl' bdng viee gia tang chat lupng GDDH theo dinh hffdng nghe nghiep ffng dung, pfad'n da'u nam top 1/3 eae qufl'c gia faang dau thg' gidi ve efaat Iffpng GDDH Malaysia dat mue tigu la, sau kfai tfl't nghiflp cac trffdng dai hpe d nffde ndy di lara, sinfa vien kfafing nfaffng dffge trang bi dly du kie'n tfafle chuyfln mon, rad eon ed d l y du cac ky nang, dao dffc ngfae ngfaiep va traeh nhiem xa hfii vdi bfl'i canh thffc tfl' de CO t h i gia nfaap trffc tifl'p vao thi trffdng lao dgng Thffc tfl' nhflng ndra gin day, ngan sach danh eho GDDH eua Malaysia khflng ngttog dffpe gia tang, dat 7,7% tfl'ng ngdn sdcfa ddnfa efao giao due ndi efaung, kfai ty le d Singapore la 6,4%, d Han Qufi'c la 3,9%, d 44 Indonesia Id 3,1%, d Thdi Lan Id 3,0% va d Nhdt Ban Id 1%''^' Trong vdi tfalp ky vffa qua, tuyen sinh dai hpe ciia Malaysia da tdng trffdng 70% vd hien da dat tdi eon so' 1,2 trieu sinfa vign De gan vdi dinfa hfldng POHE, theo kfl' hoach dl ra, Cfainh pfau Malaysia sfl nhfldng lai quyen k i l m soat giao due dai fage efao mgt sfi' to chflc dpe lap cd uy tin, cd kha nang d i p flng cdc tieu ehuan eao khuon kho phdp ly quoe gia Mue tiflu cua •viec Id nham gia tdng quyen tff chii nhilu facm eho eac dai hpe de cac trffdng eo t h i d i p ffng nfaanfa ehdng xu hffdng phat trien giao due dai hpe gan vdi thffc tifln va kinh tfl' toan clu, dong thcfi gia tang mue tigu dat ty lfl 80% sfl' sinfa vifln trfldng vao ndra 2025 cd tfae tim dffgc viee ldm ngay, so vdi ty lfl 75% hifln De d i p ffng muc tiflu nay, Chinfa phii Malaysia cam ke't tfaie't lap eac rafl'i quan he raanh me vd gan kfl't faon gifla giao due dai fapc vdi cic nganfa cfing nghiep va kinh te' eua dd't nfldc vd dffa kiln thffe vd ky ndng thffe tign vao chUffng trinh giang day dai hpc Song song vdi efaUffng trinfa, cff sd faa tang ky tfauat cfao cac trudng dai fapc nfaU: giang dudng, phong thi nghiem, ky tuc xa eho sinh vien dang duoc Chinh phu Malaysia cfau trpng diu tff nhieu faffn d l GDDH nffde ndy "san xuat" ede tai nang dat tiflu chuan qufl'c te va dan dffa Malaysia Ipt top 25 ehau A vd top 100 toan elu vl GDDH nhff ky vgng eua Chinfa phu'^' Vl dpi ngu can bp giang day, giang vifln dai fapc Malaysia nhd't dinh phai ed b i n g tfaac si faoae tie'n si Cdc giang vien gidu kinfa ngfaigra la ngffdi nude ngodi faodc nhitog ngUdi co kinfa ngfaiem lam viec tff Nghien cicu Dong Nam A, sd3/2017 cae ngdnh eflng ngfaiflp, diu dffgc quan tdm tuyin dung Dilu ndy se giup ndng cao cfaa't Iffgng giang day, hpc tap, nghifln cdu vd phdt trien (iinh hffdng ngfai nghiflp cho sinh vifln; ding thdi eung giup ede dai hpe gia tang thu hut ngffdi hpc Vl ddo tao, Cfainh pfau Malaysia lufln khuyen khich cde trffdng dai hgc phai cd ede chuang trinh tkUc tap ud vddn liam doanh nghiip de hap ddn faffn dfl'i vdi sinfa -vifln, dong thcfi dieu citog se lam gia tdng gia tri thUc cfaat ciia nhd trUdng vd eung cap cac COfafliviee lam to't hffn cfao sinh vifln sau ldu tot nghiep Thflng thffdng, Bp Gilo due Malaysia kfauye'n kfaich cac tnidng dai hpc nude tich hop hai cfaffong trinfa ndy dl sinfa vifln cfl cff fapi vffa tfaUc tdp nghe ngfaiflp, -vfla faoc kinfa doanfa - O Thdi Lan: Giao due dai fapc Thdi Lan bat dau tff nam 1917 tnidng Dai fape Cfaulalongkorn ddi tfaeo sac lenh eiia' nfad vua vd thUe hien quy ehg' chinh thffe ciia mpt tnidng dai fapc Tff dd de'n nay, cac trffdng dai fagc Idiac nfaau eua Tfadi Lan lan Iugt ddi tai q^e tfadi diera khdc nfaau va hifln da't nffde cd rat nfaieu trffdng dai fape vfla efauyen nganh, -vifa da ngdnh kfaa noi tifl'ng khu vffe Theo Bang xfl'p hang 300 tnidng dai fage fadng diu ehau A ndra 2017, Thai Lan ed 10 trUdng dai hpe Ipt vdo danh saeh Nhin ehung, cdc trudng dai hpc Tfadi Lan ed nfaieu net tuong -dong vdi ede trffdng dai hpc Anh Qufl'c, tfle la dao tao sinh vien theo hai hffdng: faffdng tfaeo duoi hge thudt va faUdng day ngfae Vl dinfa faudng nghe nghiep ffng dung (POHE), nen GDDH Thdi Lan e6 nfaitog dac (Uera noi bdt nfaff sau Thd nhdt, ue muc tiiu ddo tgo: GDDH Giao Thi Hodng Yen, Giao Thi Khdnh Nggc - Gido due dgi kgc djnh hddng Thai Lan hffdng tdi muc tieu thffe tifln tiong viflc dao tao nguon nhan Iffc nhira ddp ffng ede yeu cau phat triln kinfa te'-xd hpi eua d i t nffde va xu hffdng pfaat t r i l n eiia qufl'c gia ede lmh vffe khoa fapc va cong nghfl, tang cffdng trang bi tri thffc, ky ndng vd pham ehd't co ban cho ngffdi hpe vdi tff each la efing dan todn cau dl hg ed dugc ky nang tff logic, kha nang giai quyfl't van de dpe lap, kfaa nang tff (Ulu cfainfa pfau hgp vdi the gidi vifle Idra vd tinh than faam mufl'n fapc tap suot ddi, v.v 45 dai Cff sd GDDH n h a t thig't phai cd he tfafl'ng tfaflng tin, thff •vifln phue vu giang day, hpe tdp va nghifln cffu dap flng cac ygu cau ciia tfafle tien Thd tu, vi liin kit ddo tgo: GDDH Thai Lan tao cd che' v l co hgi de kfauye'n kfaich khu -vflc tff nhan, doanh nghi$p, xi nghiep, cpng ding vd dia phffctog, cung vdi cae trfldng dai fape quo'c te tham gia vao vifle dao tao vd quan ly GDDH b i n g cac each tiiffc va giai pfadp da dang n h i m hffdng tdinhu cau ciia thi trffdng vd xa hfii ve nguin Thd hai, vi chdt lugng ddo tgo: Cac dai nhan lfle Nhieu trffdng dai hpc Thai Lan hpc Thai Lan rat coi trpng chat Iffgng dao ed cfaffcmg trtnh lign ket dao tao qufl'c tfl', tao, lufin tao mpi dilu kifln cfao cac tnidng tfaeo dd, tff nam thff trd di, ede sinh vifln huy dpng cae nguin tai Uflu thue tifln pfaue trffdng qufl'c tfl' tai Thai Lan, ng'u mufl'n, vu cho efing tdc giang day; gia tang sff Hen eung dg dang chuyen tie'p sang hpc d cic kg't gifla eae khu •vUc cfing va tff tfafing qua nffde nfau Anh, My, Australia theo cfauong cac de I n fapp tac Hen k i t ddo tao vd tfaue trtnfa Ufln kfl't cua nfaa trudng Cfainh eac dly viflc hoaeh dinh kfl' faoaefa fagp tac dai giai pfadp ve Ufln ket dao tao da giup han giffa nfaa trUdng vd cdc eO sd san xult efao Tfaai Lan nang eao dupe efaat lugng ddo tien CO sd cdc nguin Iffc md cae bfln ddng tao va eung cap cho xd hpi vd thi trudng gdp, co su tham gia tieh effe eua nguon lao dgng ed tri thffc va ky nang pfau hpp vdi tfaUc tien cac dia phffttog Tkd ba, vi chii&ng trink kgc tap: Cdc trffdng dai hgc Thai Lan cd Idiung cfauong trinh vd kfl' hoach hpc t^p uyen chuyen, pfau fagp vdi sff tie'n bg khong ngttog eua khoa hge-ky thuat hifln dai; dd cfau trpng tdi sfl can dfl'i giffa ly luan va thffe tign, giffa hpe ly tfauyfl't trfln giang dffdng va trai ngfaiem tfaffe te' nghe ngfaiflp tai ede cff sd dich vu hay xi ngfaiflp san xuat Ddc biet, nfaa trUdng lufin quan tam dfl'n faieu qua giang day vd ngfaien cflu cua dfli ngu gido cfafle, theo do, dfli ngu phai eo trinfa dfi cfauygn mon va fapc vi cao, cd fafl tfafl'ng gido trtnfa pfau fapp vdi thUe tifln, ed cic pfauong tien Isy tfauat day fage faifln M o t so b a i h o c n i t r a e h o Vi^t N a m Gido due dai hpc dang la vd'n de rat ldn cua Viet Nam hien Xet d quy mo, GDDH Viet Nam hifln dang Id nen giao due ldn ciia kfau vifc Dflng Nam A vdi faang tram trUdng dai fapc, vdi sfi' lUpng sinfa -vifln hpc tap dat tdi hffn 2,2 trieu ngffdi'^' Tuy nfaien, xet ve cdc tiflu cfai eff ban nfaU: eff sd ting, nghign etiu, ddo tao, trai ngfaiem nghi nghigp, tuyen dung cdc dai hpc etia Viet Nara dang d thff hang tfaa'p so vdi kfau •viic va tfag' gidi Hifln trang hang trdm ngan srah •vifln tfaat ngfaiep faang nara sau kfai trudng dang la va'n de nfaffc nfafl'i dfi'i vdi ca 46 nfad nffde vd xa fagi Vay dau la lo'i thoat? Cho tdi nay, Viet Nam da ed nhieu cai edeh vl GDDH, nhifln, nfain ehung cac cai each deu td lung tung vi nhieu cai each cfaUa dugc tfaue hifln da td lac hau Nhm efaung, nhttog yfl'u kem eO ban vl GDDH eiia Viet Nara deu da dUge chi ra, nhUng vige khae phue cfaung khfing he de dang nfaieu nguygn nhan tff cfau quan vd Idiacfa quan Can cff tren ban efalt eiia POHE vd tfaffe tfl' GDDH ff mflt sfl' nffde ASEAN nfaff Singapore, Malaysia, Thdi Lan, ed tfal nit mpt so' bai hpc chii yfl'u cho Viet nam nhu sau Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A, sd3/2017 hpe eua Viet Nam dff eo bang ed'p va hpc ham cao, nhitog thffe chat chffa cd trinh ehuygn mfin tffong xttog d l eo the dap dng cho yflu elu giang day vd thffc nghiem, nha't la nhitog chuyfln mfln dbi hoi sff cap nhdt hen tuc kie'n thffc chuyen mon va trai ngfaiem tfaffe te' Bfln canfa dd, nfaieu dai fage cd diu vao (sinfa vien) efaffa dat nguSng can tfaie't, khie'n eho chat lugng diu khflng dat yflu cau Thd ba, ve chUcfng trinh gidng dgy: Cdc ehffcmg trtnh giang day cac trffdng dai fape Viet Nam tfaifln vl ly thuyet ma tfaie'u trai nghiflm thffc te' Dd la can Trddc het, bdi hgc ve ca sd hg tdng: benh "fape Idiflng di doi vdi hdnh", khien Gido due dai hpc mufl'n phat trien tfl't can eho sinh vifln ehi n i m dffge ly thuyet ma ed CO sd tang tfl't Co sd faa tang GDDH thig'u han p h l n thffe nghiem hoac trai la tong hgp cde yfl'u tfl' vl todn bp he tfafl'ng nghiflm tfaffe te' ngfae nghiflp d eae ea sd CO sd vdt cfaa't ky tfauat eiia mpt tnidng dai san xud't vd ldnh doanh Dd id ehUa ke, hpe nfaU: Ichu nfad lam vifle eua lanh dao nhieu rafin hge it gan vdi chuyen rafln dao nha trUdng vd giang vifln, giang dUdng, tao nfaung efaifl'm ty le thdi Iffgng eao hon phong thi nghigm, phong hgp, phong fapi mfln hpc chinfa, da Idiifl'n eho sinh vien thao, thu vien, ky tuc xd, he thfl'ng giao chiu thiflt thoi dung nap tri tfaffe va ky thfing npi bp, (Uen, nUdc, v.v TfaUc te', d eae ndng ngfae nghiep nude eong nghiep pfadt trien vd ede nude Thd tu:, vi lien ke't ddo tgo: Nhin ASEAN di tnfde, co sd faa tang GDDH deu chung, cae tnfdng dai fapc Viet Nam rat dupe nhd nude va cac Idiu vUc tu nfadn quan yfl'u ve Ufln ke't ddo tao npi bfi he tam, UU tign xay dung vdi ldnfa pfai rat ldn thfl'ng vdi cdc trudng dai hge nUdc, va khang trang Xet ve mat co sd tang vdi cae tap doan ldnfa te', eae xi ngfaiflp san GDDH, Vigt Nara cdn d tfaff hang thap so xua't va eae eflng ty dicfa vu Day la ye'u vdi nhilu nUdc Nfailu trudng dai hge cua diem tfaffdng nien rad ta't ca eac bfln co Hen Viet Nam cd Idiufin vifln chat, faep; ca sd quan ciia Viflt Nam vdn chffa cd giai phap : vat chat ky thuat rat yfl'u kem, lac hdu; hffu hieu d l Idile phuc Trong dieu kifln nhilu trudng chUa co pfaong thi nghiflm vd ldnh tfl' tfai trudng, viflc Ufln kfl't , thig'u cae trang tfaig't bi can thie't cho viec nghien cifu vd giang day giffa cac tnfdng giang day, hge tap va thffc nghigm dai fape cd vai trb quan trgng viec,;^ii Thd kai, ve chdt lUgng ddo tgo: Cfaa't trao dfi'i thfing tin, tri thffe va ky n a n g ' | j Iffgng ddo tao pfau tfaufic vao yfl'u tfl' cO ngfae nghiflp Su lifln kg't vdi cdc cflng ty, '.•'''' ban la tfaay va tro Nfailu giang vien dai tap doan ldnh te cung can tfaifl't de tao rafii Giao Thi Hodng Yen, Giao Thi Khdnh Nggc - Gido due dgi hgc dinh hUdng trUdng trai ngfaiem vd tifl'p xuc tnic tie'p vdi faoat dpng san xud't kinh doanh, se giup eho cdc sinh vien tich luy tri thffe vd ky ndng; dong thdi tang ea hgi tuyen dung cho hg sau tfl't nghiep Bfln canfa dd, sU lien ke't va hgp tac tfaUdng xuyen vdi cac tnidng dai fapc cd truyln thfl'ng giang day vd nghien cffu cua thfl' gidi, nha't Id vdi cde tnfcmg dai hpe hdng dau thfl' gidi d cdc nude phdt trien, se giup eho cdc dai hpe Viet Nam phdt trien tfl't hon theo xu hffdng gan ddo tao vdi thUe tifln ngfae nghiflp Ket Iuan Gido due dai fape giff vai trb quan trpng viflc dao tao nguon nhan Iffe efaat lupng cao eho eic qufi'c gia Trong bo'i canfa ldnfa tfl' tfai trUdng, canfa tranfa va fafli nfaap, viee dinfa faffdng eho GDDH gan bo vdi tfaffe tiln nhdm phuc vu trUe tiep cfao eflng eupc pfaat tiiln kinh te'-xa fapi dang ddt yeu cau bfle tfaifl't do'i vdi nfaieu nude, nhat la nfaOng nude dang pfaat trie'n Trong nhilu nam qua, mpt sfl' nUdc /VSEAN nhu Smgapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia da dat dugc nfaieu thdnh tuu GDDH vd dff bao tffOng lai se la nhitog qufl'c gia ed n i n giao due dat tfafl hang cao Idiu vflc Sd dl GDDH d nhflng nffde dat duge nhilu tfaanfa cflng mgt pfain cfau yfl'u Id nin GDDH ciia hg gin bd vdi thUe tien, ed dinfa faudng nghe ngfaiep rd rang Viet Nam la nUde (U sau phat trien gido due dai hge dinh faudng nghe nghigp; vi vdy, vigc ngfaien cufu, efalt lpc ldnh nghiflm tfl cdc nUde kfaac la rat can tfaie't, Hy vgng, vl ldu dai, ede trffdng dai fapc Viet Nara, bfln eanh viec cung cap tri thffc eho ngudi hpc, cdn trang hi cho sinh vifln dinfa faudng va cde ky nang nghe ngfaiflp g i n vdi tfaUc 47 t i l n de ed dffgc cac ed hfli tuyen dung rflng rai d ea va ngoai hffdc bfl'i canfa tfai tnidng Iao dflng Idiu vffe eang rpng md./ CHU THICH Tap chi "Times Higher Education" vtfa eong bd Bang xe'p hang dai hpc chau A ndm 2017 vdi 300 tnfdng lot vao danh sach; theo dd, CO nhilu trudng dai hpc ciia Singapore cd tfln bang xg'p hang ndy, dac biet, TrUdng Dai hpc Qudc gia Singapore (NUS) tie'p tuc la tnfdng dai hpc so tai chdu A vdi ting dilm la 80,6 Trong so' cac nude ASEAN, ngoai Singapore, co nhieu trudng dai hpc ctia Thai Lan (10 trudng), Malaysia (9 trudng), Indonesia (2 trudng) cung cd ten bdng xep hang (Theo Vietnamnet.vn, truy cap 17/3/2017) Bay tnfdng doi tac ciia MDIS: Trudng Kmh doanh Grenoble, Phap; University of Sunderland, Path Qufl'c; Dai hpc Bangor, Anh Quoc; Dai hoc Northumbria, Anh Quo'c; Dai hpc Oklalioma City, My; Dai hpc Nottingham Trent, Anh Quoc; Dai hoc Southern Cross, tJc PCR (Polemerase Chain Reaction, phan ffng chuli polymerase) la mpt ky thuat nham tao mpt lugiig ldn ban DNA muc tieu o'ng nghiem dita vao eac chu ky nliiflt Ky thuat dupc nha khoa hoc ngUdi My Kary Mullis phat minh vao ndm 1985 HPLC la chff viet t i t chfl cai dau b^ng tie'ng Anh cua phUOng phap sac ky long hieu nang cao (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), trudc day gpi la phuong phdp sic ky long cao ap (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) Theo bdo cao khao sat d Singapore nam 2015, MDIS cua Singapore cd do'i tac lien ket ddo tao chat chg vdi Dai hoc Northumbria (Northumbria University) Day Id mot nhOfng trudng dai hoc hang ddu tai Anh, la dai hpc danh tie'ng tren t h i gidi va xep thif 30 tai Anh ve chat 4S lupng giang day Vi thi, cdc sinh viSn to't nghiep Khoa Khoa hoc Y sinh tai MDIS co bing cap duoc cflng nhan hodn todn gio'ng nhu cac sinh vifln hpc tai Dai hpc Northumbria tai Anh Quo'c Bang xep hang dai hoe chau A cua Times Higher Education dugc binh chpn dUa trfln 13 tiflu chi ehia thdnh linh vUc: giang day chiem 25%, nghien cifu 30%, tam anh hudng nghien cffu chiem 30%, trien vpng qufl'c te chifl'm 7,5% va chuyin giao kien thffc 7,5% Xem: "Gido due d Malaysia dang chuyen biin ri/iU t/ii ndo", https://duhocinee,com/giao-due-dai-hocmaiaysia-dang-chuyen-bien-nhu-the-nao; truy cdp 19/4/2016 Hifln nay, Malaysia da co trUdng dai hpc Ipt vao Bang xep hang 300 tnfdng dai hpc hang dau chau A nam 2017; dd co trUdng lot vao top 200 cua t h i gidi va muc tiflu de'n ndm 2025 nim top 25 so 50 quoc gia hang dau ve gido due dai hpc theo cac tieu chi ve: nghien cffu, tuyin sinh, viflc lam (hign Malaysia xe'p thff hang 44) Hign nay, Malaysia cd 10 tnfdng dai hpc hdng diu duoc xe'p hang quoc gia theo cac tieu chi: nghien cifu, tuyin sinh va viec lam Id: Universiti Malaya; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Intemational Islamic University Malaysia; Universiti Malaysia Sarawak; Multimedia Umversity; Universiti Teknologi MARA; Universiti Teknologi Petronas; 10 Limkokwing University of Creative Technology Nghiin cini Dong Nam A, sd3/2017 T A I LIEU ' n L \ M KHAO Bp Gido due vd Ddo tao (2005), Di dn dd'i mdi gido due dgi kgc Viet Nam giai dogn 2006-2020, Hd Npi B6 Gido due va Dao tao (2008), Du t/ido C/iiin lugc plidt triin gido due Vi^t Nam 2008- 2020, Hd Noi BS Giao due Thai Lan, Vdn phong Hpi ding giao due, Chiin lUgc ud lp trink cdi cdch giao dye dgi lioc Thai Lan, tdi Heu dich thuat ciia BS Gido due Viflt Nam, Ha N6i, 2008 Tran Khanh Dflc bien soan (2010), Gido due dgi hgc Viit Nam vd Thi gidi, (tai lieu dttng cho cac khoa boi dudng gilng vien cao ding/dai hpe ve nghiflp vu Su pham dai hpc theo chuang trinh cua Bp GD&DT), Ha Npi, 2010, Dai hpe Kinh te quo'c dan (2014), K^ yiu Diin ddn: Boi tdc hgp tdc TrUdng Bgi hoc vd Doanh nghiep ddo tgo POHE, NXB, Dai hpc Kinh te' quo'c dan Ha Npi, 2014, Nguyin Thi Lan (2015), Tim hieu md liinh gido due dgi hoc d mpt sd nudc tren tM gidi, Tap chi \j^ luan ehinh tri so' 7-2015, Ha Noi Ludt Gido due 2005 NXB Chinh tri qufl'c gia Ha Ngi, 2006 Cac trudng' dai hpc Singapore, Xem: http ://www.mangduhocsingapore, com/thon g-tin-du-hoc-singapore/chuyen-muc/cactruong-dai-hoc-singapore,htinl?start=:22 Cac trudng dai hoc hang ddu Malaysia, Xem: http://www.doanhnhaiisaigon.vn/kho Theo so lieu thong ke 2016 Viet Nam hien i-nghiep/cac-truong-dai-hoc-hang-dauCO khoang 2,204 trieu sinh vien (tang 143% malaysia/1094045/, Truy cdp so vdi nam 2008), dat ty le khoang 250 sinh 26/12/2016 vifln/1 van dan; do, sinh vien dai hoc chie'm 66%, sinh vien cao ding chiem 34%; 10 Cac trudng dai hpc hdng dau Thai Lan, nff sinh chiem 49,6%; sd sinh vien hpc tap Xem: http ://osc, edu vn/vn/Du-hoc-Chautai cac trudng cong tap chiem 85%, cac A/Du-hoc-Thai-Lan/Bang-xep-hang-danhtrudng ngodi cong lap chiem khoang sach-cac-truong-Dai-Hoc-tai-Thai-Lan.aspx 15%; sinh vien hg chinh quy la 1.962.000 11 Nguyfln Thi Hong Lam (2016), Vdi net ui ngudi Ngoai ra, co khoang 80.000 luu hpc h§ thong gido due chink quy d Thdi lan sau sinh Viet Nam dang theo hoc tai gan 40 Ludt gido due qudc gia 1999, Tap chi N/C quoc gia, vDng lanh tho tren the gidi Dong Nam A, so 9/2016; tr 66-73 ... GDDH ff mflt sfl'' nffde ASEAN nfaff Singapore, Malaysia, Thdi Lan, ed tfal nit mpt so'' bai hpc chii yfl''u cho Viet nam nhu sau Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A, sd3/2017 hpe eua Viet Nam dff eo bang ed''p... hang 300 trffdng dai hpc fadng diu cfaau A nam 2017''^'', Malaysia cd trffdng Ipt vao bang xe''p hang so vdi trffdng nam 2016 Ne''u tinh npi bp Cflng dong ASEAN, ehi eo nffde cd tfln bang xe''p hang... m Gido due dai hpc dang la vd''n de rat ldn cua Viet Nam hien Xet d quy mo, GDDH Viet Nam hifln dang Id nen giao due ldn ciia kfau vifc Dflng Nam A vdi faang tram trUdng dai fapc, vdi sfi'' lUpng