/"^\ DAY Hpc THEO PHONG CACH HOC TAP \^^ ) TEACHING IS BASED ON LEARNING STYLE Nguyen Van Hanh^ Nguyin Thi Huong Lan^ 1 Trudng Dai hgc Suphgm Ky thudt Hung Yin 2 Trudng Dai hpc An ninh Nhdn ddn T6m td[.]
/"^\ \^^ ) DAY Hpc THEO PHONG CACH HOC TAP TEACHING IS BASED ON LEARNING STYLE Nguyen Van Hanh^ Nguyin Thi Huong Lan^ Trudng Dai hgc Suphgm Ky thudt Hung Yin Trudng Dai hpc An ninh Nhdn ddn T6m tdt: _ Bdi bdo ndy ban din viec tiip cdn phong edch hpc tap cua ngu&i hge di thiit ki dgy hoc hieu qud nhdm ddp ung nhu cdu, sd thich, ndng lue vd kinh nghiim cua ngudi hgc Tir khoa: Phong cdch hoe tgp, chu trinh hgc tap cua Kolb M d d^u Trudc ban ludn den viec day hgc nhu thi nao thi chiing ta can quan tam den hgc tap d ngudi hgc trudc, vi hgc tap xudt hien trudc day hpc rdt nhieu, no luon dien hang ngay, cupc sdng ngudi gap phai nhung vudng mdc, cdn gidi quyet ede van de nham thieh img sinh hpc va tuang tac vdi mdi trudng, hoan canh sing Khi gidi quylt cdc vdn de do, mfli ngudi thuc hien theo cac each khae nhau, d cdc mue dp khong ddng deu thugc vao dac diem tam sinh li, trinh dp dao tao, nang luc nhan thiic, kinh nghiem cd nhan vd kinh nghiem xa hpi eua ban thdn, dfl ehinh Id viec hpe tap Ket qua tu su tuong tac giiia dac diem ben mdt cae nhan vdi mdi truimg, hoan cdnh ben ngoai cua hg nhdm thu thap vd xu ly thong cac tinh huong hgc tap da hinh nen phong each hpc tap ciia moi ngudi hgc Do dd, ngudi day cdn hiiu biet ve eac phong each hpc tap cua ngudi hgc de ehu dgng ve chuyen mfln va lua chgn dugc phucmg phap day hgc phii hgp nhdm giiip ngudi hpc tilp can vdi thong tin, kien thiic mgt each de dang hem, dap ling nhu cau, sd thich, ndng luc, va kinh nghiem cua ngudi hgc N$i dung nghiin cihi 2.1 Khai quat v l phong each hgc t i p Giii-a cdc nha nghien eiiu giao due van edn nhieu tranh luan ve "phong each hoc tap" dudi nhieu phucmg dien khac day, chung tdi xin trinh bay khdi qudt mot so quan diem / / Thuyet da thong minh ciia Howard Gardner cho rdng tat cd ngudi deu co hang loat su thdng minh, nhung khdng phai tat ea deu cd nhiing t^p hgp cac su thflng minh giong hay deu phdt trien chiing den cimg mot cap dp [1] Gardner da xdc djnh dugc hon bay loai hinh tri thong minh bao gom: 1/ Thong minh ve ngon ngit; 2/ Thong minh ve logic - toan hpc; 3/ Thdng minh dm nhac; 4/ Thdng minh ve chuyen dgng ca thi; 5/ Thong minh ve thi gidc vd khdng gian; 6/ Thong minh ve tuong tae; 11 Thdng minh ve npi tam Ong hudng su chu y tdi nhimg ca nhan ngudi hgc cu thi va tdm quan trgng eua phong each hpc tap phii hgp vdi timg cd nhan, mfli ca nhan Id su pha trgn dgc ddo ciia nhiing su thong minh khac Ngudi nao yeu ve mat khong gian nhiing Iai gioi vl toan hpc thi cd the phat trien khd ndng ve khong gian niu vdn de dugc giai thich va phat triln bdng cac s6 vd logic, ngudi nao yeu ve toan hpc nhung lai gioi vl am nhac eo the phdt tnen kha ndng toan hgc va logic thdng qua dm nhac, Do do, gido due, diem manh ciia moi ngudi chinh la sire manh d l giup hg phat tnen hgc tap sau sac han, Trong day hgc truyen thong, giao vien hay dat nang vao su thflng minh ngfln ngu vd thflng minh logic - toan hoc ma khflng tinh den cac loai hinh thflng minh khac Tuy nhien, phdn ldn cae gido vien gap rat nhieu khd khan iing dung phuang phap ciia Gardner vao cdc Idp hpe flng hudng viee day hpc den tiing ca nhan ngudi hgc cu the 2/ Phirong phdp Thi gidc - Thinh gidc Van dgng hpc tap (VAK): Phuang phap phap VAK bao gflm ba thugc tinh chinh: 1/Thi giac (nhin va dgc); 2/ Thinh giac (nghe va noi); 3/ Van dong (xuc giac vd thuc hien) Nhung nha giao due nghien ciiu ve VAK nhan rang ngudi hgc theo cac edch khac Vi du, mpt dda tre khflng de dang hpc cae ehu va tu ngir bdng each dgc (thi giac) thi eo the hpc de dang hon bdng each ve hinh cdc chii bang (van dpng), Phuong phap VAK dua bfln Ioai phong each hge tap tuang img vdi bon loai ngudi hgc bao gom: Nhirng ngudi hgc thinh giac (tuc la hgc thong qua viec lang nghe): Giao vien co the nhdn cac nguoi hgc hp thich ndi chuyen va thich nghe ban dpe Giao vien co the sir dung cac tai lieu, phuang phap day hpc nhu cae phieu hoi va tra ldi, cae bai giang va cdu chuyen, bang nghe, thao luan nhdm, giai thich ciia giao vien va hgc sinh, bien the gipng noi cua gido vien (cudng do, tdc dp, am lupng) Nhihig ngudl hpc thi gidc (tiic la can nhin thdy nhirng gi dang xay de hgc): Gido vien cd Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - So 02/2014 71 the phat hien nhiing ngudi hpc ho thich dpc, xem tivi, bue anh, so do, bien hga, ho co kT ndng dgc va viet tflt, hp khong thich phai ldng nghe qud lau Giao vien c6 the sir dung cae tai lieu, phuang phap day hpe nhu cac bieu do, sa do, thi, sach nho, sach mong, tdi lieu phat tay, bang video, each the bien cua giao vien va hpc sinh, cac mau sac va hinh dang Nhung ngudi hge van dflng (tuc la hgc thong qua lam): Giao vien co the nhan biet ngudi hpe vi hp hay di chuyen xung quanh nhu go but, di chuyen tren ghe ngoi Hg cdn dugc nghi ngoi nhiSu, yeu thich cac tro chai va khong thich doc Gido vien CO the su dung cdc tai heu, phuang phap day hgc nhu cac boat dpng nhom, cac hoat dpng thuc hanh, dong vai va md phong, ghi chep, cac hoat dflng thao luan Nhirng ngudi hpc ket hgp: Cfl the co ngudi hpe thieh hai hay nhieu hon hai cac phong each hoc tap trinh bay d tren Tom Iai, phuang phap VAK da dua cdc phuang phap hpc tap uu tien eho ngudi hoc va cung cap cac each thuc de lua chgn va sir dung phuang phdp day hpc nhdm phuc vu, dap iing cho cac phong each hgc tap khac da dupc neu tren Dieu giup giao vien dl dang ap dung Idp hgc hon la thuyet da thdng minh vi Gardner chi thien ve viec tim kiem cdch thuc de gidi thich tri thflng minh cua ngudi 3/ Phong each hgc tap ciia Kolb va li thuyit hpc tap dua tren kinh nghiem- Li thuyet hge tap dua tren kmh nghiem ciia Kolb dat b i n phong cdch hgc tap dua tren mpt chu trinh hoc tap gom bon giai doan Li thuyet giiip ta hieu ro ve cac phong each hpc tap khac vd chiem uu the d moi ca nhan ngudi hgc, va ciing giai thich chu trinh hpc tap dua tren kinh nghiem dp dung eho tdt ca ngudi hgc Ll thuyet va mfl hinh hgc tap dua tren kinh nghiem cua dng da duge cae giao vien, nha quan li giao due cong nhan la mdt nhung dong gflp Idn nhdt cho viec hieu va gidi thich hanh vi hgc tap ciia ngudi va giup dd ngudi khae hge tap No b l sung eho khdi mem ciia Gardner ve Thuyit da thflng minh va md rflng y mem VAK v l phong each hpc tap, giup giao vien de dang ap dung day hpc trpng Idp hpc Bdn chdt cae phong each hpc tap ciia Kolb va kT thuat thiet ke day hpc se dugc chiing toi trinh bay chi tiet d phan sau 2.2 Ban chdt cdc phong cdch hgc tap ciia Kolb Khi nghien ciiu ve hge tap dua tren kinh nghiem, Kolb tin rang, phong each hoc tap ciia moi ngudi la ket qua tu mflt tuang tac giua dac diem ben mflt ca nhan va moi trudng, hoan canh ben ngoai eua hp nham thu nhan va xu li thong tin 72 cdc tinh hulng hgc tap Theo Kolb, phdt trien phong cdch hgc tap trdi qua ba giai doan bao gflm: / Nhdn thiic (Acquisition), 2/ Chuyen mon (specialization), 3/ Tich hgp (integration) 1/Giai do^n - Nhgn tbirc (Acquisition), Kolb k l thita gdn nhu hoan toan md hinh phat trien nhdn thuc ciia Piaget, bao gflm bfln giai do^n phat trien phu tuong iing vdi bdn giai doan mo hinh eua Piaget: 1/ Cam giac van dgng (Sensorimotor), 2/Trudc hoat dpng (Pre-operational), 3/ Hoat dpng cu the (Concrete operational), vd 4/ Hoat dgng chinh thde (Formal operations) Mfli giai doan mfl ta mflt each thde ndm bdt kiln thiic va chuyen dfli kien thuc - Giai doan phu thii nhdt tuong ung vdi giai doan Cdm gidc van dflng eua Piaget - Hpc tap Id cdc boat dflng the chat eua chu the nham tim kiem giai phap, dudng gidi quyet van de thuc tien bdng vfln tri thuc eua ea nhan Kolb ggi giai doan phu thu nhat la Dieu img (Accommodative) - Giai doan phu thu hai tuong iing vdi giai doan Trudc hoat dflng ciia Piaget - Hgc tap la thflng qua cac bieu tugng cu the tu nhien thong qua su van dung, thao tac eua quan sat va phan dnh hinh anh, khai niem tri dc Kolb gpi giai doan phu thu hai la Phdn ki (Divergent) - Giai doan phu thu ba tuang iing vdi giai doan Hoat dgng cu th cua Piaget - Hgc tap la thong qua eo ehe bieu tugng, triiu tugng khdi niem dira tren phdn anh Kolb ggi giai doan phu thu ba la Ddng hda (Assimilative) - Giai doan phu thu tu tuong ung vdi giai doan Hoat dgng ehinh thue ciia Piaget - Hgc tap la thdng qua gid thuyet vd li luan ve mgt vdn dl Kolb ggi giai doan phu thu tu la Hdi tu (Convergent) Kinh n g h l ^ ci^ thi (Cim nh$n - Feeling) Phln Camnh Quan sit] g [Cam nli|r - / Chuy6n il6i \ ^ \ (Suy nghi Hanhd^ni Thi;c (11*11 ] Quan »tt, Phin ^nh (Xem - Welching \7 Khdi nl$m tnni l i F ^ g (Suy nghi- Thinking) Hinh Md hinh hoc tgp dira tren kinh nghiem cua Kolb [3] Kolb tin rdng, nhung kinh nghiem v l mgt dilu gi dd Id chua du, ngudi ta phai su dung kinh nghiem de kien tao nen kien thuc cho bdn than Do vdy, Kolb da d l xudt mgt md hinh kit hgp cac Khoa hoc & Cong nghg - So 02/2014 giai doan phat trien phong each hgc tap cung vdi edeh thuc ndm bdt va chuyen ddi kien thuc (hinh I) Ban ehdt eua mo hinh hgc tap dua tren kinh nghiem la mpt vong xoan flc gflm bfln giai doan hgc tap bao gflm: 1/ Quan sdt phan anh, 2/ Khai niem trim tugng; 3/ Thu nghiem; 4/ Kinh nghiem eu the Hpe tap se xuat phdt tir mgt mdu thuan giiia Kinh nghiem cu the va Khdi niem trim tugng, hieu don gidn thi dd chinh la mau thudn cai da biet va cdi chua biet Khi giai quyet mau thuan nay, mfli ngudi hpc CO the thich sii dung Khai niem triru tupng bode kinh nghiem cu the, Ngudi hge nao thich su bao qudt, nhdn thuc van de se ua thich "Suy nghi - Thinking", ngudi nao thich su ro rang, hieuro van de se ua thich "Cdm xuc - Feeling" bay to, trinh diln mgt trdi nghiem hgc tap Hai each thuc chuyen doi y nghTa eua kinh nghiem la Thu nghiem vd Phdn dnh, ngudi hgc co the thich su dung Thu nghiem hoac Phan anh Ngudi hgc nao thich su md rong ngoai dien vdn de se ua thich "Ldm - Doing", ngudi nao thich npi ham, ndi dung vdn de se ua thicb "Xem- Watching" efl gang de dp dung y nghia cua trai nghiem Kolb cho rang, su khac biet tinh each eua ngudi hpc va kinh nghiem anh huong tdi each hg tiep nhan thong tin, y tudng va xu li cae thong tin dd, Ong xdc dinh bon phong each hoc tap co ban1 - Phdn ky - Tiep can hgc tap giau tudng tugng vdi nhdn thuc ve y nghTa va gia tn cua sy viec - Ddng hda - Kha nang lap luan quy nap vdng chac vd kha ndng tai eac mo hinh li thuyet - Hdi tu - Kha nang giai quyet van de, dua quyet dinh va dp dung thue te cac y tudng - Diiu tiit - Kha ndng trien khai hieu qua k l hoach vd thich kham phd cac kinh nghiem mdi 2/ Giai doan - Chuyen mon (specialization) Phong cdch hge tap ciia mfli ngudi dugc dinh hinh qua cae trai nghiem gido due thong qua kl nang hgc tap rieng biet ciia mdi ca nhdn, va su hudng ddn hpc sinh each hpc tap cua gido vien O giao due lilu hpc thi giao due mang tinh tong quat nhung d i n trung hpc thi su chuyen mdn hda ngdy cang tdng, vd trd nen ro net nhat giao due dai hgc va nghe nghiep cdc ca nhan lire ehgn chuang trinh giao due dua tren the manh, sd thich ciia minh K I thua mo hinh nghien ciiu hanh vi eua Lewin, Kolb tin rdng, kiln thuc ciia eac Imh vuc chuyen mdn anh huong den hudng hoc tap, va ket qua se lao nen net quan he rieng biet giua phong each hpc tap cua hg phii bop mot ngi quy, khuon phep gido due Vi du, nhung ngudi thuflc chuyen nganh khoa hge xa hgi nhu nghe thuat, chinh tri, tam li, tiing Anh, xu hudng co phong each hgc tap phdn ki, nhimg ngudi lam viec Ilnh vm: t r o n tirgng va ap dung n h u Vat li, ki thuat thutmg cd phong each hgc tdp hoi tu Nhdng ea nhdn ITnh vuc qudn li, kinh doanh xu hudng efl phong each hpe tap dieu ung, vd phong each hgc tap dflng hoa cho nhiing ngudi ITnh vue kinh te, toan bpc, xa hpi hpe, boa hge, 3/ Giai doan - Tich hgp (integration) Trong dp tuoi tmng nien va cao ban, phong each hpc tap dugc tich hgp nghe nghiep ciia ca nhan, trai nghiem nghe nghiep ciia mgt ngudi lam sinh su mau thuan, van de giua nhu cau xa hpi va ca nhdn cua hp can de thuc hien, thfla man bdn thdn Phong each hgc tap the hien true tiep qua cac nhiem vu cu the hoac vdn de gap phai tren cflng viec ciia minh Mfli rapt van de, nhiem vu md hg doi mat ddi hdi phai co ki nang tucmg ung de dat hieu qua eong viee Dieu img giup cho viec xac dinh cae kT ndng hanh dflng, phdn ki dinh gia tri kT ndng va cdc moi quan he, dong hoa lien quan den cac kT ndng tu duy, vd hgi tu giiip phan tich dinh lugng vd kT ndng quyet djnh Tdm lai, qua trinh giao due, giao vien can quan tdm va chu y hon giai doan 1- Nhan thue Trong giai doan nay, qua trinh hgc tap la li tuong thi ngudi hgc phai di qua tat ca bon giai doan hpe tap nham giai quyet van de tinh huong hgc tap thi se dat hieu qua hgc tap cao nhdt Thuc te cho thay, ban thdn moi cd nhan se nfl lue, co gang su dung, tiep can ca bon giai doan hoc tap nay, nhien, hg thudng co xu hudng phat trien, ehien uu thi ve mgt phuang thuc nhan thuc kinh nghiem, va mpt phuang thuc chuyen dfli kinh nghiem Mat khac, ciing cdn phai quan tam den chuyen mon hoc tap cua ngudi hoc de thdy dugc xu huong, kha nang hge tap chilm uu the ve phong each hgc tap nao de CO thi lira chgn phuang phap day hoc cho phii hgp, tap trung, dau tu nhieu thdi gian day hgc han vao giai doan Vi du, nhirng ngudi hpc tap ve ITnh vuc kl thuat thuong co xu huflng uu the ve phong each hpc tap hpi tu, vdy day hpc, giao vien nen tfl chuc cac boat dpng hpc tap nghieng ve tu duy, khd ndng lap luan, va thue hien giai quyet van dl 2.3 T h i l t ke day hgc theo cdc phong cdch hgc tap cua Kolb Khi hpe tap, nguoi hgc co the bdt dau boat dgng hoc tap tu bdt cii giai doan nao b i n giai doan chu trinh hpc tap dua tren kinh nghiem, moi ngudl se efl mot xu hudng nghieng ve mflt qua trinh nhan thuc kmh nghiem va mpt qua trinh chuyin ddi kinh nghiem tiiy vao phong each hgc tap ciia moi ngudi Tuy nhien, hieu qua hgc tap se cao nhdt, li tuong nhdt ngudi hpc di qua ea giai doan Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - So 02/2014 73 hgc tap chu trinh hgc tap vd coi kinh nghiem eiia ngudi hpe la nen tang, diem khdi ddu cho qua trinh hoc tap ma bdt cu ngudi hpc nao cung deu cd Nhu vdy, giao vien co the bdt dau tu kinh nghiem eiia ngudi hgc (cai chung, ngudi hpc nao eung cd) la CO sd cho viec thiet ke, lua chpn phuang phdp day hgc phu hop nham dan dat ngudi hgc di qua tat ca bon giai doan eua hpe tap dua tren kinh nghiem phii hop vdi bon loai phong each hgc tap Tu dd, chiing tfli de xuat cau true eua mdt bai day theo phong each hgc tap ciia nguoi hpc gflm cae budc nhu sau: Birdc 1: Dan nhap, gidi thieu chii de a) Muc dich hpc tdp Trd Iai kinh nghiem trudc dd va suy ngam ve nfl? b) Dgc trung eua nguoi hoc Ngudl hoc CO phong each hpe tap "phan ki", eo xu hudng hgc tap nghieng ve su dung Kinh nghiem cu the - Quan sat phan anh, cau hoi dac trung cua ngudi hoc phong each hpc tap la Tai (Why)? - Cho tdi biit li tai toi phai hgc? Khi hpe, ngudi hoc "why" mufln biet nfli dung hpe tap co hen quan den kinh nghiem, sd thich va tuong Iai nghe nghiep ciia hg nhu the nao De efl hieu qua dfli vdi ngudl hgc "why", gido vien nen dong vai trfl la ngudi dinh hirdng c) Hogt dpng dgy hoc Giao vien nen gidi thieu chii de hoc tap, phan tieh muc tieu kien thuc, kT ndng se dat dupc nham hinh dflng eo, su himg thu hgc tap, giiip ngudi hgc nhin thdy gid tri eua bai hgc Giao vien vien co the bdt dau bdng mpt cdu chuyen, hoae tinh huflng nghe nghiep, hoac mot tro choi, .nham gay su chu y, gpi Iai kmh nghiem ma sinh vien da efl cdc bai hgc trudc dfl Tu do, gioi thieu muc tieu, eau tnic cua bai hgc Bu^c 2: Giang bai mdi Trong budc 2, gido vien can thuc hien ba giai doan day hpe tuong iing vdi ba giai doan Iai mo hinh hpc tap dua tren kinh nghiem Giai doan 1: Ly thuyet (Theory) a) Muc dich hge tap: Tim kiem tri thuc, kinh nghiem mdi de giai quylt vdn d l ? b) Ddc tnmg cua ngudi hgc: Ngudi hpc co phong each hpc tap "dong hda", co xu hudng hpc tap nghieng ve su dung Quan sat phan anh - Khdi niem trim tugng, cau hfli dac tnmg ciia ngudi hpc phong cdch hpc tap ndy la Cai gi (What)? Chi ro dieu can hgc cho toi di? Khi hpc, ngudi hpc "what" muon biet ro Iy thuyit, thong tin dupe trinh bay ro rang logic, va cd thdi gian de suy nghia ve nhiing y tudng De co hieu qua doi vdi ngudi hpc "what", gido vien nen dong vai trd la ngudi chuyen gia e) Hoat ddng dgy hgc: Gido vien nen cung 74 edp thdng tin qua cdc tai lieu, so do, phim anh, thao ludn, dam thoai, nhdm gnip ngudi hgc hinh khdi niem trim tugng, phdn tich cdc du lieu ve chu d l hgc tap, tu d l xudt y tudng cho viec giai quyet vdn d l hge tap Gido vien nen uu tien cho ngudi hgc cd CO hdi ddnh gid, phan xet kiln thuc, so sanh vdi kinh nghiem ciia bdn than d l due kit tri thuc mdi, de xudt cac du dn, y tudng mdi la Giai doan 2: Ap difng, Igp ki hoach gidi quyet van di (Application) a) Muc dich hgc tap: Xdy dung mgc tieu, phuang dn, va ke hoach thuc hien? b) Dae tnmg cua ngudi hoc: Ngudi hgc CO phong each hpe tap "hgi tu", co xu hudng hoe tap nghieng ve su dung Khai niem trudng tugng Thu nghiem, cau hoi dac trung cua ngudi hpc phong each hgc tap la The ndo (How)? - Lam nhu the nao? Cho tfli lam thd di? Khi hpc, ngudi hoc "How" muon ho^t dong xdc dinh rd cac nhiSm vu va hpc bdng each thu sai mfli trudng cho phep ho that bai mflt each an toan D£ co hi?u qua dfli vdi ngudl hgc "how", gido vien nen dong vai tro la ngudi danh gia, cung cap hudng dan thue hien va cdc phdn hoi c) Hoat dpng day hgc: Giao vien hudng dan ngudi hpe bang each dua eac kinh nghiem trudc dd, nhOng ldi khuyen, phan hfli ngudi hgc xac dinh mue tieu, phuang an, va lap ke hoach gidi quyet vdn de Giao vien co the trinh dien mau, hoae de ngudi hpc phat hien vdn de, thu nghiSm d l nhan biet bang phuang phap thu - s a i , Giao vien dong vai tro la ngudi cd van, danh gid Ngudi hpc co the hge tap theo nhdm hodc cd nhan Mot sfl boat dflng hgc tap djnh huong eho ngudi hgc giai do^n nhu- phan tich vi du bai gidng, nghien cim mfl phong, nghien cim du an, dong vai, Giai doan 3: Thirc hi§n gidi quyet van de va cdm nhgn (practice - Felling) a) Mi^c dich hoc tap- TTigc hien giai quyet van de va diic nit kinh nghiem? b) Dgc trung cua ngudi hgc: Ngudi hpc cd phong each hpc tap "dieu dng", co xu hudng hpc tap nghieng ve su dung Tliu nghiem - Kinh nghiim eu the, cau hoi dae trung cua ngudi hgc phong each hpc tap la N I U nhu- (What if)? - DS tdi trinh bdy kinh nghiem cua ban thSn? Khi hgc, ngudl hpc "What i f mudn dp dung cdc tri thuc mdi cae tinh huflng de giai quylt cac vdn d l thuc te De co hieu qua ddi vdi ngudi hgc "how", giao vien nen dong vai trd la ngudi Hudn luyen, cho phep ngudl bpc su dung toi da kinh nghiem eua bdn than va due riit gia tri cua bai hpc c) Hogt dgng dgy hge: Giao vien hay cho ngudi hgc ung dgng ban k l hoach giai quylt vdn d l da lap vdo thuc te, tg phat hien vdn d l va Khoa hoc & Cong ngh§ - So 02/2014 giai quyet van de Giao vien ddnh gid viec hpc vd khuyen khich de cho ngucri hgc hudng dan cho theo hinh thuc lam viee nhdm Phdn hoi cua giao vien giup nguin hpe nhan biet ket qua hgc tap vd mang tinh chdt xay dung Mpt sfl hoat dpng hpc tap dinh huong cho sinh vien giai doan nhu: phan tich vi du bdi gidng, ddng vai, md phong, hrai nghiem thue t l , Bu-dc 3: Ciing co kiln thuc, kit tbiic bdi a) Muc dich hoc tap: Dinh hudng gia tri cua bdi hgc? b) Dgc trung cua ngudi hgc: Ngudi hpc co xu hudng nhin tong qudt ve cdu true bai hgc vd lien he vdi thuc tiin de thay dugc gia tn ciia bai hoc e) Hogt ddng dgy hgc Giao vien c6 the nhan manh trgng tam ciia bdi hpc, danh gia muc tieu da gidi thieu phdn dan nhap bang each dat cac cau hoi kiem tra muc hieu biet ciia ngudi hpc, dflng thdi cung cap eac phan hoi giai dap thdc mdc, dinh hudng vai trd, gid tri cua bai hoc doi vdi cac bdi hpc sau, vdi nghe nghiep thuc tiin Neu CO the dugc, thi gido vien co the ap dung nhanh cae budc mo hinh hpc tap dua tren kinh nghiem phan bang each su dung cdu hoi nhanh, ddnh gia, phdn hoi, K i t luan Day hgc theo phong each hgc tap giup ngudi hoc CO CO hpi phat tnen nang luc, kinh nghiem cua bdn than hgc tap, thiic ddy va hfl trg kT nang hpc tap dgc lap, phat huy tinh sdng tao, y tudng tich cue suy nghT Day hgc theo phong each lam thay dfli vai trd cua gido vien Idp hoe truyen thflng, gido vien cdn hieu biet kmh nghiem ciia ngudi hpc, tdn suy nghT, y tuong cua hg, dong thdi phat trien mflt tien trinh day hgc hgp tac, chia se guip ngudi hgc md rflng kinh nghiem eua ban thdn mdi la bai hgc co gia tri Thiet ke day hgc theo phong cdch hgc tap la tao dung mfli trudng hgc tap hieu qua, gnip nguoi hgc phat huy toi da nang luc cua ban than Tai li|u tham khao [1] Vu Qudc Chung vd tdp the tac gia (2011), Tdi lieu huang ddn tang cudng ndng luc su phgm eho gidng vien cdc truang ddo tgo gido vien trung hgc phd thdng vd trung cdp chuyen nghiep, Nhd xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam, TP Hd Chi Minh [2] Ddng Thdnh Hung vd tap the tac gia (20\2), Li thuyet phuang phdp dgy hoc, Nha xuat ban Dai hgc Thai Nguyen, Thai Nguyen [3] Kolb, D.A (1984), Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and Development, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentiee-Hall Abstract: This paper discusses the approach the learning styles of learners to design effective teaching to meet the needs, interests, abilities, and experiences of the learners Keywords: Learning Style Kolb's learning cycle Ngu-dl phan bien: PGS.TS Le Huy Hoang Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - So 02/2014 75 ... dung n h u Vat li, ki thuat thutmg cd phong each hgc tdp hoi tu Nhdng ea nhdn ITnh vuc qudn li, kinh doanh xu hudng efl phong each hpe tap dieu ung, vd phong each hgc tap dflng hoa cho nhiing... ve phong each hpc tap hpi tu, vdy day hpc, giao vien nen tfl chuc cac boat dpng hpc tap nghieng ve tu duy, khd ndng lap luan, va thue hien giai quyet van dl 2.3 T h i l t ke day hgc theo cdc phong. .. doan eua hpe tap dua tren kinh nghiem phii hop vdi bon loai phong each hgc tap Tu dd, chiing tfli de xuat cau true eua mdt bai day theo phong each hgc tap ciia nguoi hpc gflm cae budc nhu sau: Birdc