JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducationalSci ,2014, Vol, 59 No 8, pp 15I 160 This paper i s available online at http //stdb hnue edu vn BIEN PHAP DAY HOC TAC PHAIVI TU S0 O T R U O N G TRUNG HOC PHO THON[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EducationalSci.,2014, Vol, 59 No 8, pp 15I-160 This paper i.s available online at http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn BIEN PHAP DAY HOC TAC PHAIVI TU S0 O T R U O N G TRUNG HOC PHO THONG V6l SU H T R O CUA CONG NGHE THONG TIN Le Thi Nggc Anh Khoa Ngif vdn, Tnfdng Dgi hpc Su phgm Hue Tom tat Tac pham EU sU eo vj tri quan trpng chUdng trinh Ngfl van d trung hoc phd thong Do dd, nang cao hieu qua day hoc tac pham tU sif luon la mpt vln de difdc sif quan tam cua cac nha nghien cflu cung nhU giao vien Nghien cflu vii de xult cac bien phap day hpc: Dpc sang tao vdi sU hd trp ciia video va hinh anh trUc quan; Thuylt trinh vdi sU hd Ird cita ngudn tU lieu dien tfl phong phu va hinh thflc crinh chiSu chuylt trinh hip dan; Van dap vdi ngudn gia thilt phong phu, cd tfnh dinh hudng cao tfl kho tiii liSu dien tfl vii nhung hinh Ehflc true quan hd trp kfch thfch EU duy; Liim viec vdi ngudn tai lieu md va bien phap dpc tiii lieu khoa hgc, hieu qua Efl sif hi trd cfla CNTT; Seminar vdi ngudn tai lieu md va hinh thflc trien khai hoat dong thuylt trinh trinh chiSu thao luan sinh dgng; Tang cUcJng luyen tap, cung CO thdng qua nhflng hinh chflc van dap sinh dgng va bai tap trac nghiem phong phii dUdc thilt kl blng cac phin mem chuyen dung; tren cd sd phat huy chl manh va nhin manh dac trUng da dupc kiem chflng lii mot hudng di cd tinh hieu qua vii kha thi cao, Tk khoa: Tac pham IU sU, Trung hpc thong, Cong nghe thong tin Mci dau Ddi mdi day hpc khdng phai la mdt vln de ed tinh thdi diem ma la vln de thudng xuyen, lien tuc Nd gan lien vdi boat dgng day hpe va hoat ddng nghien cflu khoa hgc giao due nhU mdt nhi^m vu quan trpng ludn cd Einh cip thiet Day hgc Eac pham tu sU (TPTS), flng dung cong nghe Ehdng tin (UDCNTT) vao day hgc, UDCNTT vao day hpc Ngfl van, day hpc Tiing Viet, Lam van iil nhflng vln dl da, dang va se tiep tuc nhan dUdc sif quan tam nghien cflu cua cac nha khda hgc, cac nha giao due Nhflng cdng trinh cua Tran Thanh Dam [3], Nguyin Vilt Chfl [1], Nguyin Thanh Hflng [6] da trUc tilp hoac gian tiep dl xult nhflng dinh hudng va bien phap day hgc TPTS theo dac trUng the loai Day la nhflng tuu ldn cua khoa hpc giao due ndi chung va phUdng phap day hpc van ndi rieng Chflng khdng chi cd gia tri djnh hfldng hoat dpng day hgc nhil trudng phd thdng mil cdn cd gia Eri dinh hudng ciic cong U-inh nghien cflu cd lien quan Van dl khai thac nhflng tinh nang cua cdng nghe thong tin (CNTT) hd trp day hpc cung la dja hat thu hut nhilu sU quan tam khdng chi cac nha khoa hpc nUdc ma ca d nUdc ngoai nudc ngoai, nhin chung cac bai bao tten cac diln dan nhU [9, 10, 11] , dlu khang djnh sU can thilt va Einh Uu trpi UDCNTT vao day hgc nhu tao cac bai thuylt trinh da phUdng tien, tao Ngay nhan bai: 13/04/2014 Ngay nhan dang- 15/10/2014 Lien he: Le Thi Ngoc Anh, e-mail: ltngocanh82@gniaii,com Le Thj Ngpc Anh cac san pham hpc tap da dang, kich Ehich sif tUdng tac ldp hgc Hg dac biet nhan manh den vai trd chii the cua ngUdi hoc qua trinh hgc tap cd sfl dung CNTT C nudc, vln de UDCNTT vao day hgc la de tai nghien cflu ciia nhieu cdng trinh nghien cflu khoa hgc [8 6] Nhflng cdng trinh chfl yeu xac lap cac hinh thflc va bien phap khai thac CNTT viio day hgc nhu khai thac internet de xay difng thu vien dien tfl, soan giiio an dien tfl, trao ddi thdng tin Mdn Ngfl van vdn la dja hat cua cam xuc cua tri tUdng EUdng va lien tudng nen cung kha ken chon UDCNTT de hd trd day hgc Nd ddi hoi qua trinh nghien cflu, flng dung phai than trgng va bam saE dac trUng mdn hgc, bai hgc Ndi nhU the khdng cd nghia la mdn hgc khdng the UDCNTT de hd trp cho viec day hoc Diem qua cac cdng trinh, bai viet cfla cac nha nghien cflu nhu [5, 7] , cho thiy cang khd cang cd sif hap dan Idn Nhflng bai viet cflng da khang dinh tfnh "tit yen" va Einh hflu ich UDCNTT vao day hpc Ngfl van ndi chung va Tiing Viet, Lam van, Dgc van (chu ylu la van hpc sfl vii li luan van hpc) Tuy nhien, van de UDCNTT vao day hoc TPTS cht mdi dUdc de cap nhu mgt ndi dung, mot bd phan cau nen mdn Ngfl van chfl chua cd cdng Erinh nghien cflu ddc lap, cu the, tap trung Dac biet, cac cdng irinh cung chi tap trung vao vln de UDCNTT nhu la mgt ngi dung trgng tam nghien cflu nghia la chi mdi dflng lai nhflng bien phap, nhflng hinh thflc khai thac, sfl dung CNTT vao day hgc Ngfl van ndi chung chfl chfla tap trung, nhin manh kha nang cung nhu each thflc tich hdp CNTT vao hd trp cac hoat ddng, bien phap day hgc cu the Chflng tdi nghien cdu nhflng bien phap day hgc tac pham tfl sU d trifbng trung hgc phd thdng vdi sif hd trd cua cdng nghe thdng tin hifdng den mgt ddi tUdng quan trgng, vfla cd tfnh dn djnh vfla cd tfnh "khong hoan ket" - TPTS; dat nen tang khoa hoc tren nhflng nguyen li chung nhu tfch hpp, the loai, phat trien nang life, phat huy vai trd chfl the hpc sinh (HS) ; khai thac CNTT nhfl mdt cdng cu hflu fch cho hoat ddng day hoc cung lii mdt flng dung khong the cu bdi tu ban than nd ludn ddi mdi; Efl dd de xuat he thdng nhflng bien phap day hgc vdi sif hd trp cua CNTT mpt each cu thi, chat che, dac biet nhan manh din sU phdi kit hdp gifla cac bien phiip day hpc TPTS vdi cac flng dung hd Erp cua CNTT CJ day, CNTT chf ddng vai Erd hd trd tfch cifc, sU hd trd cd trite tiep ed gian tiep tham gia vao cac bien phap day hpc Do dd, day la mgt vln dl vfla cd y nghia khoa hoc, y nghia thifc tien vfla cd tinh thdi sU tUdng ddi bin vflng Noi dung nghien ctiu Co nhieu hinh thflc khai thac sif hd trd cua CNTT day hpc nhU: xay dUng thU vien dien Efl phuc vu hoat ddng day va hgc; khai thac, md rdng mang ludi tn thflc cd lien quan din ndi dung kiln thflc mdn hpc, bai hpc; trao dd'i, Ehu nhan thdng tin phan hdi gifla GV - HS, HS - HS; Eo chflc boat dgng day hpc d Idp., Nhflng hinh thflc se dUdc chuyen hoa, eu the hda nhflng bien phap khai thac CNTT Erong day hpc Ngfl van sau: Tfch hdp cac file am thanh, video hd trd boat ddng dpc, Trinh chilu cac tu lieu ngoai sach giao khoa (qua kenh hinh, chfl va am thanh) nham md rdng, lien he, so sanh; phuc vu cho hoat ddng giiing - binh, phat vln, thao Iuan ,, Xay dung cac md hinh, bieu bang, cac sd dd tU khai quat kiln Ehflc, xac lap cac mdi quan he va ngoai tac pham nhim phat hien va phat trien kiln thflc, Thilt kl da dang cac hinh thflc bai tap, trd chdi nham luyen tap - cung cd, kil'm tra - danh gia, Thiet kl giao an dien tfl hay cac Erang Erinh chieu ngi dung cd ban cua bai hgc cd sU Eich hdp cac tinh nang mau sac, hieu flng ve sd dd, bang bieu, Thilt kl CD, lap Web , Tren cd sd nhflng hinh thflc khai thac CNTT phu hdp vdi boat dpng day hoe da gpi y, nhflng bien phap khai thac CNTT day hgc Ngfl van da dua ra, tae gia dl xuat nhflng bien phap day hoc TPTS vdi sU hd trd cfla CNTT, ThUc chat day la sU phdi hdp gifla bien phap day hpc va bien Bien phdp dgy Imc tdc phiim Uf sU d trucmg Trung hoc plmlhc'mg vin sU Iw trO- phap khai thac CNTT hay chfnh xae hdn chfnh lii sU tich hdp bien phap khai thiic CNTT viio bien phap day hgc nhim Ehifc hien cac hoaE ddng day - hgc TPTS mpt each hieu quii, khach the hda, hien thuc hoa dac trUng TPTS va sflc manh ciia CNTT Dgc sang tao vdi sir ho trtf cua video va hinh anh true quan: Dpc la mdt hoat dgng tit yeu, khdng the thilu day hgc viin "Doc sang tao" tif than ten bien phiip da khang dinh day khdng phai la boat ddng vat If thdng thifdng ma la mgt boat dgng cam thu nghe thuat, nhan manh sU cam nhan true tilp, ddi hdi nang lUc tiep nhan, cam thu cung nhU nghe thuat giao tilp giiii bay, the hien hinh tUdng nghe Ehuat , Dieu cd nghia la, de dgc sang tao trd mpt bien phap c^m thu tac pham HS phai cam va hieu dUdc tac pham, phdi cd y tudng viec the hien each cam hieu cfla minh va nang lUc the hien true tiep bang ngdn ngfl cflng nhU cac ylu td phi ngdn ngfl Qua dd, ngifdi doc the hien sU cam nhan mang tfnh cii nhan cfla minh theo mot each rieng Nhu vay, vdi doc sang tao, CNTT khdng tham gia true tilp, nd khdng the thay thi hoat dgng dgc cua GV va HS nhifng nd se hd trd, kich thich de diflc day ca nhan manh dan cung nhu cd them y tudng de the hien hoat ddng dpc mgt each sang tao Trong day hgc TPTS viec dgc tac pha'm ndi chung dpc sang tao ndi rieng cd vai trd hit sflc quan trpng va cung la thfl thach ddi vdi ca GV va HS bdi chinh dai vl dung lifdng vii su phflc tap ve clu Erne Thdng thudng d ldp HS chi tdm tat lai tac pha'm nhan manh ciic sU kien chinh va dgc mdt sd doan van hay Do phu Ehuoc vao hoaE ddng dpc d nha nen nhilu viec td chflc doc d ldp thilu linh boat nen khd the hien dUdc sU sang tao Vdi CNTT, dpc sang tao se dUde thflc day, phat huy vdi cac hinh thflc hd trd nhu sau: - Nghe cac nghe si doc qua cac phifdng tien hien dai, GV eung cd the dgc mau, thu am va sfl dung nhilu lln, Hoat ddng dgc mlu chi cin trie'n khai d nhflng doan viin hay, giau chat trfl tinh hay trilt li hoac nhflng doan van tap trung giii tri sang tao de tao dau an va tinh xflc cam cho gid hgc - Xem cac tn'ch doan phim da difpc chuyen the tfl tac pha'm xem cae hinh anh chan dung nhan vat Vdi nhflng trich doan se giflp HS khac sau an tupng vl tinh hudng truyen dpc dao, vl sfl kien, chi tilt dat gia hay chap canh cho nhflng lien tudng, tUdng EUdng cua HS - Sd hda cdt Eruyen, mdi quan he gifla cac nhan vat, sU kien chinh cung la hinh thi'fc nang cao hieu qua hoaE ddng dpc, Dac biel, vdi CNTT, GV co the tich hdp vao sd dd cac hinh anh hoac cac lien keE de dl dimg hdn Erong viec nhin manh cac sif kien, chi tilt ndi bat Nhflng flng dung niiy se dUdc kit hdp vdi hoat dpng dgc trifc Uep cua GV, HS; hd trp cho hoat dgng dpc true tilp tren ldp them hieu quii va cd kha nang sang tao, De cd the dpc sang tao vdi su hd trd cua CNTT, ca GV va HS cin tu trang bi cac tiln de tilp nhan, giup cho viec dpc hieu van ban dat kit qua cao Hdn nfla, can cd su tham khao each doc mlu cua cac nghe si de tao cam hflng, kfch thich s,if sang cua ca nhan ThuySt trinh vdi su" hd trd cua nguon tU lieu dien tuf phong phii va hinh thiic trinh chilu thuyet trinh hap dan: La mdt bien phap phap day hpc phd bien, quen thudc va nhilu bi "gan mac" kem tich cue bdi dac trUng cua bien phap lii dung Idi de thdng bao kiln thflc, Nhung xet ve ban chat, cd the khang djnh day hpc khdng the Ehilu EhuyeE trinh, dac biet ddi vdi mon van Ehi cung cd the xem la mdE nhflng bien phap dac Ehu Vin de lii sfl dung thuylt trinh nhu thi nao, mflc dp sao, phdi kit hdp vdi nhflng bien phap gi phUdng Eien gi Muc dich chinh cua thuylt ttinh la thdng bao nhifng khdng phai mgi sU thong bao dlu tieu cUc: thdng bao de cung luc cd them nhilu kiln thflc mdi, de hieu them ve kiln thflc khd, lam cd sd qua trinh cam nhan va EU duy; Ehdng bao de Ed'ng keE, hdi cd va du bao; thdng bao kiln thflc de ho trp cac hoat ddng phat van, thao luan,., trd nen de diing va hieu qua; thuylt trinh cdn tao nen khdng cam xiic cho LeTh) Ngoc Anh gid hpc van, tilt kiem thdi gian mil lai rit he thdng, diy du, khoa hpc Hdn nfla, ban than bien phap thuylt trinh nlu thifc hien tdt cflng rit dac dung viSc tich cue hda boat ddng tu ciia ngudi hgc Thuyet trinh cung khong ddn thuan la sif tiidn Erao cua eau chfl ma cdn la bien phap tu va kJ nang trinh biiy Thay vi GV dpc dien, ddc quyin hay giao quyin cho HS, de ngUdi hpc trd "ngUdi day" Rd riing hieu theo chieu hudng niiy thi thuyet trinh lai lii mgt nhflng bien phap cd the mang lai hieu qua tich cue, nhit la day viin qua "lam", qua "diln", qua EU cam thu vii giai biiy, cua chfnh chu the hgc sinh Vdi sU hd trd cua CNTT, ihuylt trinh Erong day hpc ndi chung va TPTS ndi rieng lai cd mgt thd manh neng, khic phuc dUdc nhflng han chl thudng gap bien phap thuylt trinh truyin thdng nhfl dl nhiim chan, mit tap trung, tham chf gay ciing thang neu phai nghe qua lau khd huy dgng tu lieu HS thu dpng tiep nhan thong tin, khd nhd va de quen Thuyet trinh d day khdng chi lii sU chuyen giao kien thflc mot ciich ddn gian bang kenh Idi mil CNTT eho phep phdi hdp kenh hinh vji kenh chfl, ngdn ngfl va hinh anh ngdn ngfl vilt va ngdn ngfl ndi hit sflc sinh ddng, cho phep cung lflc GV c6 the huy dong, lien he, md rpng nhilu pham tru kiln thflc khac mpt each de dang de' HS khong nhflng ed them kien thflc phong phfl, da dang ma cdn ren luyen difdc cac Ehao Eac EU nhu lien he so sanh, phan tich chflng minh Hgc sinh se hflng thfl tfch cue hdn vdi hinh Ehflc thuyet trinh niiy, khdng chi bdi each trinh bay an tUdng hdn ma chinh bdi bien phap niiy da thuc sU tac ddng viio tU dap flng nhu clu tim tdi, hieu bilt cua HS ifla tudi THPT Chinh vi the, Tran Ba Hoanh da chi rang, "sfl dung cac phUdng tien CNTT Iam tang sflc hap din vii hieu qua cua biii diln giang" la mdt nhflng bien phap de "ddi mdi biii dien giang" [5, tr 134] Bien phiip Ehuyet Erinh vdi sU hd trd cua CNTT Erong to chflc day hpc TPTS cd the dUdc sfl dung vdi nhflng hinh thflc nhu sau: - Thuylt trinh - phd diln- day lii hinh thflc thuyll trinh ddn gian nhat, phdi hpp nhjp nhiing gifla kenh hinh, kenh chfl vii kenh tiing; gifla trinh chieu EU lieu va thuyei giang Ehdng bao Muc dich chu yeu la cung d p , lien he, md rgng, giai thfch thdng tin, khai niem liim cd sd cho hoat ddng tiep nhan difdc sau sac vii phong phii hoiic chflng minh, lam sang ro cho nhflng nhan djnh khai quat ve tac gia, tac pham Hinh thflc cung khong cd nghia la HS thu ddng "hflng" thdng tin ma ngudi thuylt trinh phai da dang hda ngi dung cung nhU each thflc thuyei trinh dUdi nhflng hinh thflc Eich cifc nhu thuylt trinh tfch hdp, thuyet trinh neu van de,,., de HS tiep nhan kien thflc mdt each chu ddng va cd tU phe phan + Thuyet trinh tfch hdp: la hinh thflc thuyet trinh cd sif tfch hdp vl ca kiln thflc lln ki niing, Vdi sfl hd trd cfla CNTT, GV cd the Iinh hoat phdi ket hdp nhieu pham tru kiln thflc day hpc TPTS nhu cac thong tin ve cudc ddi, sU ngliiep nhii van, kiln thflc If luan van hpc, van hpc sfl, , qua kenh chfl (GV tdm tiit ndi dung can tfch hdp va trinh chieu), kenh hinh (nhflng doan phim tfl lieu vl nhil viin, vl hoim canh ddi cua tac pham ),, giup cho viec Eiep nhan Eac pha'm vfla mang Einh khoa hgc vfla dam tinh cam xflc; lam cd sd cho viec hinh Ehanh ki nang dgc van Ben canh dd, GV cflng de dang "phd dien" ki nang thuylt trinh cua minh (bao gdm viec chpn Ipc kien thflc, td chflc kien thflc, va trinh biiy kiln thflc ) de HS cd the hpc tiip va ren luyen,, + Thuyet trinh neu van dk lii hinh thflc Ehuyet trinh ngoai dich thong bao nd kem cii minh hoa, md ta kien thflc lam sinh van de thac mac roi yeu cau hgc sinh tham gia y kiln, li giai ,; giao vien "khdng thong bao tti Ehflc khoa hpc dudi dang cd sin, ma phuc hdi - d mflc nhil djnh - dudng cac nha khoa hoc da tiii qua de phat hien cac tri thflc dd Sau de xual van de, giang vien lan lifdt trinh biiy cac each giai quylt vln dl, phan tich mau thuin nhflng ciich giai quylt dd de di din nhflng each giai quylt khiic hdp li hdn" [5, tr 132] Qua dd, HS vfla Bien phdp dgy hgc tcic phdm tu sit d tnfdng Trung hgc phd thdng vdi su hd trp linh hdi ihong tin vfla phai tu de hpc each xfl If vii sfl dyng thdng tm de giai quylt ciic nhiem vu hpc tap Thuyet trinh phd diln cd the sfl dung cac tinh hudng day hoc TPTS nhu sau: - Tim hieu, md rdng kien thflc ve tac gia, tiic pham nhu hoan canh gia dinh, que hUdng, nhflng dau an dac biet cudc ddi, cd anh hifdng den sang tac, ve hoan canh sang tac hay hien EhUc khach quan Iam dl Eai cho tac pha'm - Bd sung, cat nghTa nhflng kiln thflc van hoc sfl, Ii Iuan van hoc cd lien quan din tac pha'm dang hgc, kien thflc ve van hda, dja if, lich sfl Iam tri thflc dgc hieu van ban nhai Iii cac tri thflc ve tfl sif hpc van cdn kha mdi me ddi vdi ca GV va HS - Binh giiing If guii nhflng chi lilt, tinh hudng ddc dao, kit hdp vdi cac hinh anh minh hga, Ngoai ra, thuyet trinh phd dien cflng hd trd qua trinh td chflc dpc hieu van ban qua cac khau chuyen tilp, hdi cd, du bao Nhflng hoat dgng vdi sU hd trp cfla CNTT cung trd nen sinh ddng va thu hut Ben canh tfch cUc hda ban Ehan bien phiip thuyet trinh theo cac hinh thflc tren bien phap niiy CO the sfl dung mdt each linh hoat vii hieu qua bang each kit hdp vdi bien phap day hoc khac, tieu bieu la hinh Ehflc thuyet Erinh - phat vln - Thuyet trinh - phat vln: Vdi hinh thflc nay, viec EhuyeE trinh khdng la mdl bien phap thu dpng nhu lau van nghT Phat van la mdt hoat ddng tich cifc, thudng xuyen ttong day hoc ndi chung vii day hgc van ndi riSng Thuyet trinh - phat van tflc la sU ket hdp hai hoat ddng thuyet ttinh va phat van, dd lay ngi dung Ehuylt trinh trinh chilu lam cd sd Thuyet trinh kit hdp ttinh chieu decung cap kien thflc cho HS, liim cd sd cho boat ddng phat van, Phat van de tap trung chu y, de nhan manh van de va dac biSt de kich thich tu tren nen tang dfl lieu da cung cap; tfl dd HS chilm ITnh kiln thflc mdt each cd chu dich, cd bien phap, hinh thiinh nang life tU khoa hgc va nang lUc cam thu nghe thuat Hpc sinh khdng chl nghe ma cdn phiii quan sat, tu duy, khai quat, phan tich va tdng hpp de Eim cau tra ldi phu hpp Hoc sinh khdng chi xfl li kiln thflc sach giao khoa, kiln thflc cua bin hpc cu the dang hpc rail phai van dung, xfl If nhieu kiln thflc khac Erong mdi quan he dupc Erinh chilu md rdng de giai quylt nhiem vu hgc tap dang dat ra: Vdl TPTS, tfnh chit da dang, phflc tap ve ndi dung nen qua trinh day hgc, day cflng la mdt bien phap hflu ich, phfl hdp de ngfldi thuylt ttinh cd the din dat vln de dUdc sang ro, Cd the thuc hien thuylt trinh kit hdp phat van nhu sau: - Thuylt Erinh cung d p Eri Ehflc dgc hil'u - phat vln djnh hudng tilp nhan - Thuylt trinh cung cap ngfl lieu - phat vln dinh hifdng so sanh, lien he lien van ban nhim muc dich nhan manh dac trUng cua npi dung bai hoc nhU so sanh cac hinh tUdng nhan vat, so sanh nghe thuat ttan thutit., - Thuyet trinh phan tich, binh giang tac pham - phat vln din dit hen he thifc te Dilu dang lifu y la, sau cac cau hdi phat vln nhu la mgt sU djnh hifdng, gdi md, din dat vln dl, GV cd the chuyen tilp de thuylt trinh tilp hoac cho HS neu y kiln ngan ggn rdi thuylt trinh kitluan Nhflng ndi dung Iam dfl lieu phat van cd the dfldc trinh bay qua kenh chfl hinh, am thanh, video hoac cac sd tu difpc thilt ke bdi cac phin mem chuyen dung nhu Mindmap Hoat dgng phat vln bien phap co the nhim dung muc dich hdi - dap (nhanh ngan) ho ttd cho boat ddng thuylt trinh hoac cung cd the GV neu ciiu hdi nhu mdE sU din daE, dinh Le Thi Ngoc Anh hudng gdi md cho boat ddng thuyet trinh Du vdi muc dichgi thi bien phap thuyet trinh difdc thuc hien dudi hinh thflc se trd nen Eich cUc hdn va tac dgng vao nhan thflc cam thu cua HS nhilu hdn, CNTT hd trp bien phap niy chu ylu la cung cap, md rdng tu lieu; trinh biiy ndi dung thuyet trinh hap dan, sang rd; Ehu hut, tap trung sif chu y cua HS vao ngi dung thuyet trinh, kich thich EU duy; Eich hdp ren luyen ki nang., Do dd nd la mdt phUdng tien hd trd tfch cUc de viec thflc hien thuylt trinh dl diing hdn hip din hdn vii hieu qua hdn Vdi CNTT thuyet trinh khdng cdn la mdt bien phap day hpc thu dgng, bai thuylt trinh khdng chi lii sU ndi tiep cfla cau chfl nham ehan ma la bai thuylt Erinh da phUdng tien, khdng chi cd chflc nang thdng bao ma da chflc nang va vi thi cung dl daE kit qua cd tfnh tfch hdp Cin chfl y rang, bgn canh hinh thflc trinh chieu thuylt trinh cua GV thi viec khuyin khfch hoat ddng hgc dudi dang trinh chilu thuylt trinh cua HS cung dUdc coi la mdt hudng tfch cifc hda bien phap niiy, Sfl dung bien phap thuylt trinh can chu y chon lgc thong tin cho vfla ngan ggn, vfla trpng tam, sat hpp vdi npi dung biu hpc, phu hdp tam Ii Ifla tudi vii dac biet lii phai die dung Trong qua trinh thuylt trinh, GV cung can chu y da dang hda cac hinh thflc lap luan de hinh cac ki nang tU cho HS Cd thi thuylt trinh Eheo kieu quy nap, dien djch hoac song hanh nham dU bao, hdi cd hoac chflng minh md rpng, nang cao ndi dung bai hoc Van dap vdi nguon gia thiet phong phu, co tinh dinh hUdng cao tit kho tai lieu dien tuf va nhirng hinh thi^c trirc quan ho trd Rich thich trf duy; Xet ve ban chit, vln dap la moE bien phap mii sU tUOng ttie gifla GV va HS difpc thifc hien thdng qua he thdng cau hdi Do do, day la mgt bien phap khdng the thieu bit cfl gid hpc nao, mdn hgc nao Cd the xem day la mgt ttong nhflng bien phap chu dao cua mpt gid hoc tUdng tac, gid hpc giao tiep, ddi thoai Eich cflc De thuc hien bien phap hieu qua cd hai td dang quan tam la he thdng cau hdi va dfl kien de tra Idi cau hdi Ben canh dd, each Ehflc to chflc de hien thuc hda qua trinh vln dap d Idp cung cd vai trd kich thich de sif ddi thoai dien tich cue hdn Vay CNTT se ho trp bien phap nhu the nao? TrUdc hit, CNTT khdng ErUc Eiep tac dpng din qua trinh Ehiet ke he thong cau hdi nhUng nd cd the tac ddng liim niiy sinh cau hdi thdng mmh ngau nhien cfla HS d ldp bdi tfnh van de dflpc sinh GV trinh bay kiln thflc difdi dang mo hinh, sd dd va trUc quan hda kien thflc, trinh bay kiln Ehflc mdi quan he so sanh, lien he He thdng cau hdi nhd cung logic va phat trien theo hinh xoay trdn dc, khdng chi cau hdi tai hien, phat hien ma dac biet la cac cau hdi neu van de, cau hdi sang tao, cau hdi van dung., Them vao dd, xet ve hinh thflc, GV true quan hda cau hdi tren man hinh trinh chieu, nhan manh cac tfl khda bang mau sac, hieu flng se giup HS hieu npi dung cau hdi, van de dUdc hdi mdt each dl dang hdn va nd cung kich Ehich tu nhieu hdn Cung vdi tfnh nang cfla CNTT, cac diem sang nghe thuat, chi tilt tham mi dUdc trUc quan hda tren trang trinh chilu se giup HS de phat hien, liim nen tang quan trpng de bifdc vao thi gidi nghe thuat cua Eac pham Mat khac, vdi CNTT, GV de dang dua cac dfl kien ngan ggn, phong phfl, sang ro de HS phan Eich giai quylt cac van de dfldc dat cau hdi Lam viec vdi tai lieu hoc tap vdi nguon tai lieu md va bien phap doc tai lieu khoa hoc, lieu qua tir sti ho trcf cua CNTT: Day la hinh thflc tU hpc, tu nghien cflu d mflc ddn gian, gdp phin quan trpng vao viec hinh thdi quen ki nang dgc sach, nghien cflu tai lieu (tai lieu gily, tai lieu da truyen thdng, da phUdng tien) cho HS - mdt kT nang khong thilu trudc xu Ehe bung nd thdng tin va loan cau hda Hoat dpng cd Ehe dupc Eiln hanh d nha nhim chuan bi bai Erudc din ldp; tim hieu nang cao, md rdng vln de lien quan din biii hgc hoac dupc tiln hanh tai Idp trudc trao ddi, thao luan Giao vien gidi thieu tai lieu, HS tu dgc, tu nghien cflu de giai quylt cac nhiem vu hgc tap dupc giao hoac cflng cd the GV neu nhiem vu hpc tap, HS tu Eim kiem tai lieu va giai quylt 156 Bien phdp dgy Iwc tdc phdm IUsu ci irudng Trung hgc phd ihcmg vin su hd iro Ket qua hpc tap cin difPc kiem tra, danh gia trUc ttep qua eac budi thao luan d ldp hoac thdng qua cac san pham dat dUdc Trudc day, bien phap day hgc Ehudng it difdc chfl y bdi viec tim kiem tin lieu ddi vdi HS khdng dl, mit nhilu thdi gian tim kilm cung nhu thdi gian dgc, GV khd dinh hudng vii dilu chinh kjp thdi qua trinh tu hpc cua HS ; hoac cd Ehi chi dflng lai d raflc ddn gian la HS lam viec vdi SGK, tdm tat tieu din hoac Era Idi eac cau hdi hUdng dan hgc biii (thdng qua hoat ddng soan bai d nhil cua HS); san pham dat dUdc chfl yen Ehe hien dUdi dang van ban vilt nhU vd soan bai hoac ciic biii Viet ngan nen chi hinh difdc nhflng ki nang va kiln thflc cd ban, Viec kiem tra kit qua EU linn viec cua HS cung ban che keE hdp miy phut kiem tra bai cu hoac truy bai dau gid; tham chi GV giao nhiem vu nhung khong kiem tra, danh gia ket qua Vdi sif hd trd cua CNTT, viec giao nhiem vu hgc lap trd nen an tUdng vii de diing vdi cac dang sd dd tu hay bang bieu khuylt Nd ddng thdi la nhflng djnh hfldng lam viec djnh hfldng giai quyet cac yeu cau ma GV gdi md cho HS, Tai liSu hgc tap dieu kien co sif hd trd cua CNTT cflng dUdc md rgng tif rat nhieu ngudn khac va cd the tim kiem de diing hdn, phong phu hdn, tilt kiem thdi gian hdn Hgc sinh thao Eac vdi tai lieu de chgn lgc nhflng kien thflc can tim hieu cung de diing hdn vdi cac chflc nang tim kilm nang cao cua cdng nghe Kit qua ciia qua trinh lam viec vdi tai lieu da phUdng tien dugc the hien dudi nhilu hinh thflc khac nhu file Irinh bay, dTa CD hoac ddn gian lii nhflng file van ban word cung de diing xfl li va sfl dung Nhflng san pham de dang dUdc tap the hoa qua trinh bay d Idp hoac gfli qua email, dang diln dan SU trao dd'i, phan hdi gifla GV - HS, HS - HS qua trinh thUc hien bien phiip niiy lit hit sflc cin thilt de cd the hudng dan, dinh hudng, chia se Eai nguyen, tao nen nhflng tai lieu hgc tap bd ich Viec danh gia vii tU danh kit qua tfl nghien cflu tai lieu vdi sif hd trd cfla cong nghe cung diln nhanh chdng, cu the va hieu qua hdn Ci day, khdng chi GV la ngfldi cd quyin danh gia mii HS cd the danh gia lln va EU danh gia kit qua lam viec cfla ban than Do dd, diem manh cua bien phap cdn la tao nilm vui, hflng thu hpc tap cho HS, ngUdi hoc dupc tao dilu kien de tu khang dinh minh Day hgc TPTS, GV cd Ehe hudng dan HS liim viec vdi tai lieu vl nhflng van dl sau: - Tim dpc va tdm tat nhflng net chinh vl cudc ddi, sif nghiep cua tac gia - Tim tai lieu de tif dpc - hieu cac bai doc Ehem, - Tim dpc cac tai lieu vl If luan, ijch sfl van hda de tu trang bi tri thflc dpc - hieu TPTS - Tim dgc them cac truyen ngin tieu thuylt de hieu hdn nghe Ehuat tu sif hoac mdE vln de ndi dung dfldc phiin anh TPTS chfnh khoa, nhflng Eac pham khac cung tac gia hoac cung dk tai, chu de - Vilt nhflng bai tieu luan ngan theo nhflng chu dl tu chpn hoac GV Ehdng nhat ca ldp lien quan din nghe thuat tu su De bien phap dupc thuc hien hieu qua, GV dac biet chu y mot sd vln dl sau: - Giao nhiem vu cu the, vfla sflc va sat hpp vdi ndi dung biii hpc d ldp va yeu cau cua chUdng trinh - Theo ddi sat qua trinh lam viec cfla HS de cd nhflng djnh hfldng, dieu chinh giflp dd kjp thdi, dac biet Erong khau chpn Ipc, xfl If tai lieu va xac dinh quan diem danh gia cac hien tfldng Le Thi Ngoc Anh van hpc Su trao ddi dinh hUdng giflp dd dlu cd the thUe hien thdng qua cac diln dim, tai khoan, , tren mang internet - Phai cd sU kiem tra, danh giii ket qua dat dUdc de ddng vien, khuyin khfch, dinh hildng va thdng nhit kit qua: giflp HS da dang hda va xa hdi hda kit qua dat dupc Seminar vdi nguon tai lieu md va hinh thu:c trien khai boat dong thuyet trinh trinh chieu thao luan sinh dong: Bien phap cd phan giao thoa vdi bien phap Lam viec vdi tai lieu hoc tap la HS phai tu iam vice vdi tai lieu nhung diem quan tipng cfla nd la HS phai Erinh bay, ttao ddi, thao luan va di den npi dung hpc tap tai ldp, dd cd sU hd trd cua GV nhilu hdn va doi hoi nang iUc sif dung cong nghe phflc tap hdn Day la mpt bien phap day hoc hien dai, cd tac dung hinh kien thflc vfla phong phu vfla sau sac; nhUng dac biet hdn day la mdt bien phap hfldng tdi muc tieu tich cflc hoa hoat ddng hgc cung nhu hinh thiinh nhieu ki nang quan trpng cho HS, Nd tao dilu kien cho ngifdi hpc difdc liim viec, khang djnh biin than va hUdng den Ei'ch hdp ca kiln thflc va kT nang d mflc cao GV giao van de, HS chuan bi bai d nha theo nhom hoac ca nhan de din Idp trinh bay, ldp tham gia thao luan va di den nhflng kit luan d n thilt dfldi su giup dd, djnh hudng cua GV Doi vdi TPTS, dung lUdng thudng ldn, qua Eai so vdi thdi gian hflu han cua tilt hpc cung nhu chfla difng nhieu tiem nang gia trj nen Seminar la mdt nhflng lifa chpn hflu fch, GV cd the cho HS tim hil'u trUdc, thUc hien cac dl tai nhd nhu nhflng van dl chung vl tac gia tiic pham cung nhu anh hudng cua chflng ddi vdi sang tac cua nha viin, hoac ngifdi hpc cd the trinh bay each cam nhiin rieng cua minh ve mdt chi tiet, nhan vaE Eac pham, \& tinh hudng Eruyen CNTT lflc trd phifdng tien hd trd dac luc cho boat ddng hgc cfla HS De giai quylt difdc nhiem vu hgc tap, HS phai huy dpng, phai tU tim kilm nhieu kien thflc d nhflng linh vUc khac cung nhu nhilu ki niing khac Sfl dung CNTT de tim kilm cac tai lieu, chuan hi bai trinh biiy d ldp la nhflng hoat dong ma GV can khuyen khich vii hudng dan HS thUc hiSn bien phap niiy, CNTT vfla true tiep hd trd cho HS tu hoc d nhii va phuc vu cho boat ddng Ehao Iuan d Idp them sdi ndi va hieu qua Ngifdi hpc dd co cd hgi linh hdi nhilu kiln thflc phong phu, sau sic va hinh thimh dude nhilu kT nang, hp trd nen nang ddng hdn vii dac biet cd nhflng ki nang sdng quan trgng Tang ctfdng luyen tap, ciing cd thong qua nhirng hinh thu'c vSn dap sinh dong va bai tap trac nghiem phong phii dUdc thiet ke bang cac phan mem chuyen dung: Luyen tap, cflng cd la mpt khau quan trgng gid hpc, dac biet vdi muc Eieu day hpc hudng Edi hinh thiinh ki nang nhU hien Do dd, tang cUdng thdi gian cung nhU dung lUdng ctic bai tap, cau hdi luyen tap cflng CO la mdt viec lam khdng the thilu Tuy nhien, thifc tl day hpc vdn hoat ddng chita difdc chfl y Nguyen nhan mgt phin Efl nhan thflc chfl quan cfla ngUdi day chUa thim nhuin muc lieu, nhiem vu day hpc mdi, mdl phan tfl thuc tl thdi gian tilt hpc gidi ban ma yeu cau kiln thflc ldn, dac biet khd khan hdn gid day hgc TPTS Vdi sif hd trd cua cdng nghe thdng tin se tilt kiem dUdc thdi gian tren ldp va GV cd the diinh khoang thdi gian thich flng cho hoat dpng luyen tap, cung co, Ngoai ra, GV cd the dl dang thilt kl ciic bieu bang, sd tu hoac ddn gian la nhflng diem nhan mau sic nhim tieu kit, tdng kit, xac lap cac mdi quan he cd btin, trgng tam tiic pham de khic sau, nhan manh Dac biet, GV Ehilt kl cac dang bai tap trie nghiem hay cac biii tap cau hdi luyen Eap cung cd dudi dang hoc ma chdi nhu dudi hinh bit chfl giai chfl; hoac mo phdng cac trd chdi tri tue tren truyin hinh nhu Dudng len dinh Olympia, bang phin mem powerpoint hoac violet , Ben canh dd, GV cung khai thac cac Einh nang cfla CNTT de cd nhflng hinh thflc ddng vien, HS kjp thdi, lam tang nilm vui, hflng Ehu hpc tap nhU kem am tieng vo tay va hinh iinh "khudn mat cudi" HS tii ldi dung: "khudn mat mlu - hai hifdc" Era Idi chua dung De Eang sU hip dan, kfch thich tti Ed md va hflng thu hgc tap cung nhu tang mflc tap ttung Biin phdp day hgc Idc phdm lif sif d tnfcing Trung hoc phd thdng vdi sU hd Ircf chfl y cfla HS, GV cd the thiet ke cac cau hdi ngan gin vdi nhflng hinh iinh cd lien quan, HS se dupc lUa chon cau hoi thudc vao sd Erudng hay y thich cfla ban than de tra ldi Hinh anh co the theo de tai, chu dl ma eau hdi hifdng tdi nhU theo tac pha'm, theo tac gia Qua ettc hinh thi'fc nay, GV cung dl dang hdn danh gia phan hda HS Hoat dpng luyen tap, cflng cd hay kiem tra danh gia gid hpc dfldc thtfc hien bang hinh thflc bai tap nhu tren se diln thuan ldi hdn mil khdng kem phan hap dan, Ii thu Hpc sinh khong cam thay ap life "bi kiem tra" thtim gia cac boat dgng hpc tap niiy nhUng GV Itii danh gia dUdc mflc dd tiep nhan bai hpc cua cac em Qua dd, GV khdng chi cung cd kiln thflc cho HS ma cd the kilm tta danh gia kit qua gid hpc de cd the dieu chfnh boat ddng day hgc phu hdp Hdn nfla, bang each thiet ke cac dang biii tap GV cung cd the hudng dan HS tU danh gia vii diinh gia lan ThUc hien bien phtip GV can chu y dung ludng thdi gian cho phep vii nhflng ndi dung can luyen tap, cung cd cho HS de cd sU chgn lgc cflng nhU thilt kl, to chflc phu hpp Can nhan manh rang, luyen tap, cung cd khdng phai la khau cudi cflng kit thuc gid hgc mil cd the Iinh boat sfl dung ket hdp suot gid hgc de thay doi khdng khf, khac sau nhan thflc, thu nhan thdng tin phan hdi va dilu chinh hoat ddng day Nhflng bien phap tren da dfldc cu the hda hien thifc hda qua viec thiet kl va to chflc day hoc thuc nghiSm van ban tU sU: truyen cd tfch Tam Cam (Ngfl viin 10), doan tn'ch Hdi trdng Cd - trfch tteu thuyet Tam qudc dien nghTa (Ngfl van 10), truyen ngan Chile thuyen ngoai xa (Ngfl van 12) tren 402 HS ddi chflng vii 397 HS thifc nghiem tai ttUdng THPT thudc tinh Quang Binh, Thfla Thien Hul, Thanh Hda Kit qua thifc nghiem dUdc danh gia djnh tinh, dinh lifdng bang bai kiem tra va quan sat dif gid, phdng van Ve dinh tinh, cd ban ngUdi nghien cflu thu dUdc nhflng phan hdi tfch cue tfl phfa GV va HS, Ve dinh lifdng, cd sif chenh lech vl diem sd gifla nhdm ddi chdng va nhom thuc nghiem (Diem trung binh thUc nghiem 6,37 > dilm trung binh ddi chihig 5,88; lech chuan thuc nghiem 1,015 < dp lech chuan ddi chflng 1.155 ) Su khac niiy cung da dUdc kiem dinh mflc y nghTa bang each tinh he sd p < 0,05; nghia la sif khac rat CO y nghTa ve mat thdng ke 2.1 Kit luan Dpc sang tao, Ehuylt trinh, phat vln, Iam viec vdi tat lieu, seminai-, tang cifdng luyen ttlp, eung cd va kiem tra danh gia la nhflng bien phap vdn thuc tl day hgc Ngfl van ndi chung va day hgc TPTS ndi rieng dii dUdc sfl dung Tuy nhien nhflng bien phap niiy dupc thuc hien vdi sif hd trd cua CNTT se cd nhflng dac tnfng va the manh rieng biet, difpc lien hiinh mpt each dl dang hdn, hieu qua hdn Cd the day hoc TPTS da quen, CNTT khdng cd gi mdi nhung kit hdp tren cd sd phat huy thi manh cua CNTT, cua bien phiip day hpc va khai thac dac trflng TPTS, hudng tdi muc tieu phat Erien loan dien ngUdi hoc la vln dl ma chung toi quan Eam cac bien phap da dl xuat d tren TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Nguyen Vilt Chfl, 2010 Bien phdp dgy Iwe tdc phdm vdn chucmg nhd inlimg NXB Giao due Viet Nam [2] Tran Thanh Dam, 1978 Vdn di gidng dgy tde phdm vdn hoc theo logi the NXB Giao due [3] Trin Ba Hoanh, 2007 Doi mdi bien phdp dgy hpe, elufOng trinh vd sdeh gido khoa NXB Dai hgc Supham, Ha Ndi, 159 Le Thi Ngoc Anh [4] Nguyin Thanh Hung, 2008 Doc - hieu tde phdm vdn chuang tnmg nhii tnfimg NXB Giao due [5] Phan Trpng Luan 2008 Vdn hoe nhd tnfimg: nhim dien tiip cdn ddi mdi NXB Dai hgc Su phara [6] Dd Hdng Thai (2006), iJng diing cimg nghe thong ttn ddi mdi ciing tdc bdi duang gido vien Lich sif d trudng phd thdng Ki ylu hdi thao khoa hgc Ddi mdi phUdng phap day hpc, Dai hgcSUphamHul.tr, 149-154, [7] Dd Nggc Thdng Tim hidu ChifOng trinh vd sdch gido khoa Ngif vdn THPT NXB Giao due [8] Le Cdng Triem (Chfl bien) 2012, Gido irinh ifng dung cdng nghe thong tin dgy hpc NXB Dai hoc Hue [9] Simon Hooper and Lloyd P Rieber Teaching with Technology http://wvv'w.nov/hereroad.com/twt [10] U.