y kiln trao d6i si 37nim 2012 XAY DV̂ NG HQC LIfU DIEN Tl̂ H 6 TRQ VIEC DAY VA HQC MQT S6 NQI DUNG H6A HQC Q TRUQNG TRUNG HQC P H 6 THONG TRINH le HONG PHl/ONG'''' T6M TAT Hgc lieu difn tu (HLDT) id cdc[.]
y kiln trao d6i si 37nim 2012 XAY DV^NG HQC LIfU DIEN Tl^ H T R Q VIEC D A Y V A HQC MQT S6 NQI DUNG H6A HQC Q TRUQNG TRUNG HQC P H THONG TRINH l e HONG PHl/ONG' T6M TAT Hgc lieu difn tu (HLDT) id cdc tdi lifu hgc lgp dugc si hda theo mgt cdu Iruc dinh dgng vd kieh hdn nhdt dinh dugc luu trir tren mdy tinh nhdm phgc vu cha viic dgy vi hgc HLDT sir dung nhimg Ihdnh luu cdng nghi nhdm tgo nhirng tuang Idc di hi Irg ngudi hgc qud trinh tu hgc, nd giup hgc vien khdc phgc dugc cdc khodng cdch vi thdi gian vd khdng gian, ngodi HLDT cd the sir dung mgi luc mgi nai tity theo nhu cau vd diiu kifn cu the cua moi ngudi Vifc xdy dung HLDT dua Iren nguyen tdc, quy trinh, chii yeu dugc thiel ke bdng phdn mem Adobe Flash CS3 Professional, Adobe Dreamweaver CS3 Tir khda: hpc lifu difn ttt ABSTRACT Building digitized learning resources to enhance the teaching and learning of some contents of chemistry in high school Digitized Learning Resources (DLR) is a collection of learning resources (notes, exercises, interactive documents, etc.) which are digitized in pre-defined structures, formats and scenarios: and can be stored in personal computers to serve educational purposes DLR leverages latest IT technologies to create virtual and real-time interactions for learners during their self study process DLR can be used anytime and anywhere at learners' convinience, thereby overcoming the constraint of time and place compared to traditional learning DLR is designed by Adobe Flash CS3 Professional and Adobe Dreamweaver CS3: based on /principles and processes Keywords: digitized leaming resources Hpc lifu difn tu-(HLOT) /./ Khdi niim HLDT li cic tii lieu hpc tgp dupc sd hda theo mpt ciu true, djnh dgng vi kjch bin nhit djnh dupc luu trtt trgn mdy tinh nhim phyc vy vifc dgy vi hpc qua miy tinh Dgng thuc sd hda cd thg li vin bin, slide, bing dtt lifu, im thanh, hinh anh, video clip, cic ttng dyng tuong tic "; ThS, Trudng Bgi hpc Su phgm TPHCM 156 vi hln hpp cua cic dgng thuc ndi ttgn HLDT bao gdm hpc lifu tTnh v i hpc lifu da phuang tifn [2] 1.2 Bpc diim HLDT stt dyng nhttng diinh tyu cdng nghf nhim tgo nhiing tuang tdc di hd trg nguai hgc ttong qui ttinh ty hpc Dd li nhung tuong tic: thiy - trd, trd - bgn ddng hpc, ttd - mdi trudng hpc tip HLDT cd ning rdn luvfn W vi kT ning cho nguai hpc, cd dil tgo rap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Tnnh Li Hdng Phuong iliac nhung tucmg tdc hai chieu giUa tgo tryc tuyen (online training) cd Ihl dat nhttng hpc lieu dien ttt Ign website dl cho 1.3 Nhung uu diem vi hgn che cua hpc vien vi nhihig ngudi cd nhu ciu, su dyng tryc tuyln hoic tii vl may tinh ci BLBT nhan stt dyng Do hgn chl vl dung lupng I.S.I Uudiim , •• cua cdc website dio lao vi tdc dp dudng Vdi vifc xiy dyng HLDT dg su truyin ngn cic hpc lifu dien tu dat tren dung tren mdy tinh cd nhan_.sg giup hpc vien khic phyc dupc cic khoing cich vl mang chi stt dung chu ylu la text (van thW gian vi khdng gian vifc hpc bin) vi picture (binh inh tinh), it dung tap til dd din din giim gii thinh vi ning cic media khic nhu: voice (tflng ndi), sound (im thanh) vi video Chinh vi thi, cao hifu qui cua khda hpc viec hpc qua cic hpc lieu dign ttt trgn HLDT thudng dupc ghi Ign dia CD phan phoi cho timg hpc vien mang ve stt mgng, ngudi hpc khd tiep thu hon dung tren miy tinh ci nhin mpi noi, moi nghe giing tryc tfep, die biet la ddi vdi nhihig phan thao tic thyc hanh can dupc luc tiiy theo nhu cau vi digu kien cu the nhin kl cich lam miu cua GV ciia moi ngudi GV cua cic td chdc dao Mat khic nhimg ngudi ty hpc ttong lao cung cd the su dyng hpc lifu dd dieu kien dan ddc khdng phai bao gid cac buoi phy dao, hudng din cho Cling cd the ttuy cap vio Intemet bit cu hoc vien luc nio vi bit ki d dau - Chuygn tii dupc thdng tin kign thuc 1.4 Sir dpng mpt sd phan mim di thiet Mng diy du cic media: vin bin, hinh kiHLBT anh, am vi tigng ndi, hinh inh 1.4.1 Adobe Flash CS3 Professional dong (video) Adobe Flash (Macromedia Flash), Co thg su dyng mpi noi, mpi luc, stt dung nhigu lin, lgp lai timg phin nhu hay cdn gpi mdt each don giin li flash, dupc dung dl chi chuong trinh sang tgo cau cu thg cug.timg ngudi hpc da phuong tfen (multfmedia) lin phan Kich thudc rit gpn nh?, de ding mim dung dl bign thj chung Macromedia mang theo ngudi, sd dung de ding, chi Flash Player cin CO mft PC vdi ciu hinh vtta phii Flash li cdng cy dl phat ttien cdc Gid rit re, chi bing 25 - 30% SO vdi gido trinh in cimg khdi lupng ndi ung dyng nhu thilt kl cic phin mem mo phdng Stt dyng ngdn ngu lap trinh dung - De vfn chuygn den mpi noi thdng ActfonScript dl tao cic tuong tic, cic hogt canh phim Dilm mgnh cua qua email hofc tmyIn tfp ttgn mgng flash li cd thi nhiing cac file am thanh, Dg ding dua vio cic thu vien difn hinh dnh dpng Ngudi lip ttinh cd thg chu ti hien dang rit phit ttiln dfng lip cdc dilu hudng cho chuong 'l.i.2:}Iign clii trinh Flash cung cd thi xuit bin da dang Trgn mdi trudng hpc tfp cua nhi cic kilu html, exe, jpg, dl phu hop vdi '"•"tg ao (vulual instituton) dao Bgiflji vd mdy 157 y kiln trao 36\ cic img dyng cua ngudi stt dyng tren web, CD, 1.4.2 Adobe Dream Weaver CS3 Dreamweaver li cdng cy dl thilt kl vi phit triln web rit hifu qui ciia Macromedia, cho phgp xiy dyng nhihig trang web cd giao difn tuyft vdi VI Dreamweaver rit de stt dyng ngn nd tgo mdi trudng rit linh hogt thilt kl web Sg rit httu ich nlu stt dyng thinh thgo cic ngdn ngtt Ifp trinh web, nhung vdi Dreamweaver, van cd thi tgo dupc cic website hap din mi khdng cin bilt nhigu vg HTML, JavaScript Vdi Dreamweaver ta cd thg: Xay dyng trang chu cua HLDT vi cic ttang lign kgt khic Tgo cdc lign kit ttt ttang niy din cic ttang khic Dl ding nhung cdc san phim cua cdc chuong trinh thigt kg web Ichic nhu Flash, Fireworks, Shockwave, Generator, Authorwave Tgo kilu, bl tri nfi dung trang Cho phgp ngudi su dyng chinh sua tryc tflp HTML Vdi Quick Tag Editor ban cd the nhanh chdng bd sung hofc xda bd mpt HTML mi khdng phii thodt khdi etta si tii lifu Chg df sogn thio ttang web bing HTML giup chung ta cd thi thilt kl trang ttvc tilp bing ngdn ngtt HTML Dreamweaver cdn hd ttp cic HTML Styles vi Cascading Style Sheet giup chung ta djnh dgng ttang web nhim ting tinh hip din duyft cdc ttang web niy Nguyin tic xay dyng HLDT 158 si 37 nim 2012 Dl djnh hudng cho vifc xiy dyng HLDT chung tdi da nghien cuu vi dl xuat cdc nguyen tic sau: Nguyin tic Bim bio linh t^nh hudng vio mpc tiiu bii giing Mil bii giing can djnh hudng vao cic myc tigu vl chuin kiln thiic, kl ning vi thii df c i n chd y xic djnh trpng tam vi kiln thdc co bin cua bii Sguyln tic N$i dung phii dim bio linh chlnh xic, khoa hpc, diy di va sic tich Bii giing cin cd cau true rS ring, gitta cic phin cin cd sy lign kit vdi Vdi nguon kiln thttc vi sd lupng bii tfp rit Idn ttt cic tii lifu tham khao, GV dg ding lim cho bii giing ttd nen qui tii ddi vdi HS D I ttinh tinh hudng niy, cin bdm sit SGK Ttt ngu dupc dung ttong bii giing cin dg higu vi chinh xic ve mft khoa hpc Thugt ngtt hda hpc ciing can phii cfp nhgt theo SGK mdi nhit de bio dim tinh nhat quin, ching hgn khdng diing khdi nifm "phan tu gam" m i thay vio dd li khdi nifm "khoi lupng moi phin tii" Nguyin tic Bim bio tinh su phpm Tgp tmng dupc sy chu y cua hpc sinh vio bai giing; Miu sic su dyng cin hii hda, phi hpp vdi tim li Ida tudi hpc sinh; ChO vilt dim bao mft dp, kich cd vi kilu ding phu hpp; Npi dung bii giing kich thich niim dam me, thu cho HS; Cic ttang trinh chilu, cac phuong tien phai phu hpp vdi myc dich dgy va hoc Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Tr/nh Li Hdng Phuang Nguyin tic Dim bio tinh khoa hfc vi thim ml vi hinh thitc Irlnh bay a Mdu sdc cua hinh nen cin tuin thu nguyen tic tuong phan, su dyng chtt sam (den, xanh dam, dam ) tren nin tting hay sing Ngupc lai, su dyng chtt tting hay sing h-en nen sam h Font chir Diing cic font chtt dgm, ro vi gpn (Arial, Tahoma, VNl-Helve ) hgn chl dimg cac font chtt cd dudi (VNI-Times, VNl-Bmsh, ) vi dg mit ngt trinh ciiieu Cdcha Trong kl thuit video, chigu trgn man hinh TV (25 inches) hay dung miy Projector chieu Ign man cho khoing 50 nguoi xem thi co chtt 20 trd ign la phu hd trp dl dpc cac file: hinh anh, am thanh, boat hinh Nguyin lic Di ding si' dung d cdc miy tinh thdng Ihudng Can bao dim hpc lieu cd dung lupng khdng qui ldn dl may linh cd ciu hinh thip vin boat dpng binh thudng Stt dyng dl hpa dl trang tri li rit tdt nhung khdng igm dung, bdi viec vtta lim giim tinh thim ml vtta lam tang dung lupng HLDT len nhilu lin Phin mim dilu khiln hoat dfng HLDT phii tuong thich vdi da si ttinh duyft web hien cd Neu khdng thi cin dl sin tap tfn cai dit phin mem bl sung ttong CD hoac thiet kg sin tip tin ty kich hoat ngudi dimg nap CD vao miy tinh Hay xem xgt can than viec npi dung cua HLDT se hien thj nhu the nao d cac hijp trinh duyet khac (Inlemel Explorer, d Ngi dung tren trang web Netscape, Firefox, ), d tat ca cac cap De dam bio tinh ml thugt, sy sac dp phan giii (800 x 600, 1024 x 768, net va khdng mat chi tilt chilu ign man hinh khdng nen de npi dung ttin day 1280 x 1024, 1400 x 1050) vi d cac man tren mpt trang ttt ttgn xudng dudi, ttt ttai hinh ti le khic (4:3 hay 16:9) Nguyin tic Dim bao tinh tuang qua phai, ma cin chtta khoang ttdng tic cao su dung HLDT & hai ben va tren dudi theo ti if thich Bii giing phii thilt kg cho liop (Ihudng li 1/5) Ngoai ra, nhimg GV ttinh chilu, hpc sinh cd Ihl tuong tdc tranh anh, hinh ve, dogn phim minh hpa mo nhgt, khdng ro ring thi khdng ngn su tryc tilp vdi may vi nhan dupc sy phan hdi ttt may Dl thyc hien dupc dilu "inng vi khdng cd tic dyng cung cip GV cin phdi hpp cic media van bin, tkong tin chinh xic Nguyin tic Phan hudng din sir tflng ndi (giing bai), trinh dign bing video nhttng phin cin thilt (die biet imgHLBTphai di hiiu vd ro ring nhttng phin hudng din thyc banh) De phdng trudng hop miy tinh ci Bgn canh dd, bii giing cin phai nliSn khong cai dgt du cic phin mim hS dim bio cho HS ghi chgp tit D I fliyc to chuyen dyng, hpc lieu difn ttt cin phai CO phin hudng din stt dyng mpt hifn dupe dilu npi dung frong mdi ttang khdng ndn xuit bifn mdt luc 'ach chi tilt kem theo nhttng phin mim 159 V kiln trao d i i ma ngn phan ddng hay phin dogn thich hpp, xuit hifn theo hifu ttng thdi gian NIU npi dung qui dii thi trich xuit timg phin thich hpp dl giing, sau dd dua vl lai trang cd nfi dung tdng thi dl hpc sinh dg hilu vi thufn Ipi vifc ghi chgp Phin luyfn tfp ngn bl tri theo timg chucmg, timg chu de hofc bii tdng hpp vdi dp khd khic Su dyng da dgng cic hinh thttc (trie nghifm khich quan nhigu lya chpn, diln khuyet, ty lugn, ) dl giy himg thu cho HS, trdnh nhim chin luyfn tgp, dn tfp Bd tri nhilu phin cung co cd chim digm ty dpng vi stt dyng kl xao dl tgo nhiing nhfn xgt, dpng vign khich If hpc vign xuit hien cdc kgt qud chim bii Day chinh li vifc thyc hifn giao tilp hai chigu ngudi - miy lim cho hpc vign hitng thu hpc tap, xda bd tam Ii cd don, buin chan ttong dilu kifn phii ty hpc mpt minh Nguyen tic Bim bio tinh hiiu qui Xiy dyng HLDT ttong hoin canh cy thi cua nin giio dye nudc ta, can phii liy tinh hifu qui lim tigu chi hing diu Vifc stt dyng HLDT phii dip ttng dupc cic ygu ciu sau: Thyc hifn myc tigu bii hpc; HS ghi chgp dupc bai, hilu bii vi himg thd hpc tgp; HS tich eye, chu dpng tim bii hpc; HS dupc thyc hinh, luyfn tfp; Phdt huy dupc tdc dyng nil bgt cua cdng nghf thdng tin mi bing den vi cdc dd dimg dgy hpc khic khd dgt dupc Quy trinh xay dyng HLDT 160 si 37 ndm 2012 Bu&c Xdc dinh muc tiiu cua chucmg vd ciia bdi hgc Vifc diu tign xiy dyng HLDT li phii xdc djnh myc tieu cua chuong va bii hpc Ngudi thilt kl cin phii bilt dupc sau hpc xong chuong hofc bii thi hpc sinh sg dgt dupc nhihig gi vl kiln thttc, kl ning vi thii dp Bu6c Xdc dinh trgng tdm vd kiin thirc ca bdn c i n bam sit vio chuang trinh dgy hpc vi sich giio khoa bp mdn; c i n phii dpc thgm tii lifu, sich bdc tham khio dl md rpng hilu bilt vl vin dl cin giing dgy vi tgo ning chpn dung kiln thttc ca bin; Vifc chpn Ipc kiln thuc ca bin cd thg di liin vdi vifc sip xip lgi ciu true cua bii tu lim ndi bat cic mdi lign hf gitta cic phin kiln thuc vi lim rd thgm cdc ttpng tim cua bii Bu&c Xdy dung kjch bdn dgy hgc (chucmg trinh hda tiin trinh dgy hgc) Xic djnh ciu true cua kich bin; Chi tilt hda ciu true cua kjch bin; Xic djnh cic budc cua qui ttinh dgy hpc; - Xic djnh qui ttinh tucmg tic gitta thiy, ttd vi cic ddi tupng khic (phrai, inh, text) - hogt dfng cua thiy, ttd vi cdng cy ho ttp; Xic djnh cic ciu hdi, phin hdi ttong cic hogt dpng; Hinh dung (lip ghgp) thinh tiln trinh dgy hpc Bu&c Lua chgn tu lifu cdn thdt cho tiing hogt dgng Tim kidm tit lifu: phim'(video), anh (unage), hogt cinh (animation) rgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Trjnh Le Hing Phuang Xtt li tu lifu; Phan phdi tu lifu cho mdi hogt Jong Budc Lua chgn phdn mim cdng cu va sd hda kich bdn dgy hgc Lya chpn phin mem cdng cy thich hop; Cai dit (sd hda) npi dung; Tgo hifu ttng cho cic tuong tic Bu&c Chgy thir, xin y kiin chuyen gia vd ddng nghiep Trinh dign thtt; Soit ldi; Kiim tra tinh logic, hpp li cua cic phin; Lay y kign nhgn xgt cua chuygn gia va dong nghigp Bu&c Chinh sua vd hodn thiin Chinh stta nhttng chd khiem khuyit, chua hpp li, bl sung nhttng chi tilt cdn thiiu; Hoin thifn; Ddng gdi Xay dung HLDT phin "Ciu tao nguygn tir" vi "Hf thing tuan hoin cic nguygn to hda hpc"- chuong trinh THPT chuyen HLDT bao gIm trang: trang chu, bii giing, phuong phip gidi, bii tap, thu vifn, ttt diln 4.1 Trang chu Mc^ATc; TuA ,' *U^AJ^ s^~^ Hinh Giao diin trang chu Tren ttang chu gidi thifu mft cich khai quit nhai vg nhttng nfi dung cd ttong ivebsite de hpc sinh cd thi dl dang sd dung nhanh chdng va dgt dupc myc dich hpc tip A minh Hpc sinh cd thi ttt trang chu click vio cic link dgn cic ttang bing nhieu :4ch: click vao cic nut myc lyc bgn trii hay thdng qua cic ldi gidi thieu cy thi cua tttng rang 161 S637niim2012 y ki^n trao d6i 4.2 Trang "Bdi giang'' Hinh (.riai) dicn trtni^ Trang "Hai giang" dutrc Ihiet kc nhSm myc dich giai thJcu noi dung cua phan "Cau tao nguNcn lu \a MI 111 cac nguyen to hoa hoc" Cau true trang "Bai giang bao g6m: Tya de: Bai giang hoa hpc: Cac nut lien kei den cac trang khac tucmg ung; Bdi gidng " Phan dang nhap: diing cho he thong mang LAN giup GV biet so lugng hpc sinh da tham gia vao bai hpc; Phan noi dung bai hpc: click \ao bai nao trang web se lien ket den bai hpc iLTcmg ling Vi du: Khi click vao "Bai Thinh phiin nguven lir'" website Se lien ket toi trang sau: 'iki^r.i cKvT^omllvP.NTC^ I iinMiPH\\\f;i MATI" %.».tB.7.j.j.i».i.^^^* »,.\i.n.,« «».Ui.(»in,™,»n.„m,p».,ja,^ , , J,, lrôl|ckilaUằtôpkằktôiin>uu>côUM>ctnMck.>-3>DI>*.>.|,